MAN 4544 Final Exam (Exam 3)

________ is a process of considering short- and long- term projects. A) Project selection B) Project identification C) Project determination D) Project analysis

: A

What is the first phase of the SDLC method? A) Analysis B) Planning C) Design D) Maintenance

: B

Why would an IS manager request an IS development project? A) To help meet the organization's goals B) To move to a new operating environment C) To provide a new service to customers D) To gain needed information

: B

The SDLC planning phase consists of which activity? A) Project completion B) Project reorganization C) Project selection D) Project testing

: C

Which feasibility category deals with identifying financial benefits associated with the project? A) Political B) Legal C) Economic D) Technical

: C

Which of the following is NOT a step in the corporate strategic planning process? A) Current enterprise B) Future enterprise C) IS Corporate plan D) Strategic plan

: C

Which of the following is an example of an intangible cost? A) Hardware costs B) Labor costs C) Customer goodwill D) Employee training

: C

The following is NOT an example of a type of feasibility study. A) Operational feasibility B) Technical feasibility C) Economic feasibility D) Resource feasibility

: D

What is the primary deliverable in the initial part of the planning phase? A) To determine costs B) To rank projects C) A detailed projet plan D) A schedule of specific IS development projects

: D

Which of the following is NOT a consideration during the assessing technical feasibility stage? A) System size B) System complexity C) System target hardware D) System cost

: D

Which of the following is NOT included in the feasibility assessment? A) Project costs B) Technical difficulties C) Project benefits D) System alternatives

: D

Which of the following is an example of a procurement IS cost? A) System maintenance B) User training C) Personal recruiting D) Organizational disruptions

: D

Which type of feasibility deals with project duration? A) Political feasibility B) Contract feasibility C) Time feasibility D) Schedule feasibility

: D

Why is PIP challenging? A) Because it is expensive B) Because only systems analysts participate in the process C) Because it is a closed-ended process D) Because it turns a vague system request into a project description

: D

The cost of information systems has steadily decreased over time.

: FALSE

The more complex organizational settings are for projects, the less time it takes for analysis because the company has more resources.

: FALSE

The most used approach to describing the current situation is a top-up approach.

: FALSE

The primary deliverable form the planning phase of IS development projects is incremental commitment.

: FALSE

A primary step in project identification is selecting IS development projects.

: TRUE

An example of a recurring tangible cost is software.

: TRUE

During schedule feasibility it is a good practice to not have system testing during holiday periods.

: TRUE

Ensuring the customer and development group have a common understanding of the project is a primary objective of the BPP.

: TRUE

Every successful organization has a mission.

: TRUE

For risker projects, the return is typically greater.

: TRUE

Organizations create new information systems to add value.

: TRUE

An entity ________ is a single occurrence of an entity type. A) Instance B) Object C) Attribute D) Class

A

Data flow repository entries typically will NOT include ________.

A long description defining the data flow

The overall process by which current methods are replaced with new methods is referred to as ________.

Business process reengineering

A domain is the set of all data types and ranges of values that ________ may assume. A) Entities B) Instances C) Attributes D) Events

C

_____ is the number of instances of entity B that can (or must) be associated with each instance of entity A.

Cardinality

Which of the following is NOT an example of what an analysis of documents can reveal about the future system?

Completely accurate information

The concept of DFD ________ refers to whether you have included in your DFDs all of the components necessary for the system you are modeling.

Completeness

The concept of DFD ________ refers to whether or not the depiction of the system shown at one level of a nested set of DFDs is compatible with the depictions of the system shown at other levels.

Consistency

Data cannot move directly from a source to a sink. It must be moved by a process if the data are of any concern to our system. Otherwise, the data flow is not shown on the ________.

DFD

What information do the objectives cover in an interview guide?

Data collection questions

A ________ can be best understood as data in motion, moving from one place in a system to another.

Data flow

A ________ is a picture of the movement of data between external entities and the processes and data stores within a system.

Data flow diagram

DFDs do not provide notation but illustrate important concepts about the movement of data between manual and automated steps.

False

Data flow diagrams are non-versatile diagramming tools and consist of only three symbols.

False

If your DFD contains data flows that do not lead anywhere or data stores, processes or external entities that are not connected to anything else, your DFD is not accurate.

False

In an interview, the interviewer will know all possible questions.

False

It is better to gather information from people, because they are always reliable.

False

JADs are best held at the corporate office where everyone's office is nearby.

False

Key business processes are management focused.

False

One of the key emphases of eXtreme Programming is to use a three-person programming team.

False

There are two different standard sets of DFD symbols and each set consists of three symbols that represent the same things.

False

________ are recognized in official documentation of the organization.

Formal systems

With only ________ symbols, you can use DFDs to represent both physical and logical information systems.

Four

What is the first step in the BPR effort?

Identify the key processes.

________ is/are NOT a deliverable for process modeling.

Inadequately decomposed diagrams

A(n) ________ arises when one use case uses another use case and is shown diagrammatically as a dotted-line arrow pointed toward the use case that is being used.

Include relationship

No process can have only ________ and if an object has only that, then it must be a sink.

Inputs

Which of the following is a primary way to gather information?

Interviewing

Functional decomposition is a(n) ________ process of breaking the description of a system down into finer and finer detail, which creates a set of charts in which one process on a given chart is explained in greater detail on another chart.

Iterative

________ DFD development recognizes that requirements determination and requirements structuring are interacting, not sequential, subphases of the analysis phase of the SDLC.

Iterative

A(n) ________ in a data flow means that exactly the same data come from any of two or more different processes, data stores, or sources/sinks to a common location.

Join

Balancing is the conservation of inputs and outputs to a DFD process when that process is decomposed to a ________ level.

Lower

At the ________ level of DFDs, new data flows may be added to represent data that are transmitted under exceptional conditions. These data flows typically represent error messages or confirmation notices.

Lowest

Which of the following is NOT a source of requirements gathering for the systems analyst?

Market Conditions

A data flow cannot go directly back to the same process it leaves. There must be at least ________ other process(es) that handle(s) the data flow, produce(s) some other data flow, and return(s) the original data flow to the beginning process.

One

A data flow has ________ direction(s) of flow between symbols. It may flow in both directions between a process and a data store to show a read before an update.

One

No process can have only ________. It would be making data from nothing (a miracle). If an object has only outputs, then it must be a source.

Outputs

What typically does the first day entail in the JAD?

Overview of major problems

Flowcharting has been criticized by proponents of structured analysis and design because it is too ________.

Physically oriented

The lowest level of a DFD is called a ________ data flow diagram.

Primitive

A ________ is the work or actions performed on data so that they are transformed, stored, or distributed.

Process

Data cannot move directly from one data store to another data store. Data must be moved by a ________.

Process

All of the following are documents that are helpful in understanding future systems, except ________.

Reports from future organizational studies

Which of the following is NOT a part of the guidelines for effective interviewing?

Review notes within 96 hours of interview

Which of the following is NOT a reason to use diagramming and prototyping tools during the JAD?

Review phases of the project

If you organize and run the JAD session, you are most likely the ________.

Session leader

What is the first guideline in effective interviewing?

Set an appointment

Which of the following is a disadvantage of closed ended questions?

Some answers do not fit in the given answers.

A ________ is the origin and/or destination of the data, and these are sometimes referred to as external entities because they are outside the system.

Source

A ________ is used in both conventions for sources/sinks and has a name that states what the external agent is, such as Customer, Teller, EPA Office, or Inventory Control System.

Square/Rectangle

What is the primary purpose of JAD?

To gather systems requirements simultaneously

"How dysfunctional is the activity" is a question used in identifying radical change.

True

A data flow is data that move together, so it can be composed of many individual pieces of data that are generated at the same time and that flow together to common destinations.

True

A level-0 diagram represents the primary individual processes in the system at the highest possible level.

True

According to the DFD guidelines, the inputs to a process are different from the outputs of that process.

True

Agile methods prefer to analysis, design, code, and test as a cycle.

True

As analyst you want to pick normal and abnormal conditions when observing employees.

True

Because requirements determination and structuring are often parallel steps, DFDs evolve from the more general to the more detailed as current and replacement systems are better understood.

True

Context DFD is one of the deliverables for process modeling.

True

Determining requirements for an Internet-based system is not different than for other applications.

True

In an interview, once you skip a question you can return to it.

True

Sources/sinks are sometimes referred to as external entities because they are outside the system.

True

Task cards are grouped together is a step in the agile method.

True

When interviewing someone, the interviewer should make sure the questions do imply an answer is right or wrong.

True

With throwaway prototyping there is never an intention to create a working system.

True

Which of the following is NOT a guideline to use during the actual interview?

Type up notes during the interview.

Which of the following is an example of an open ended question?

What is the main issue with the current computer system?

The second phase in the SDLC is ________.

analysis

A data flow to a data store means retrieve and a data flow from a data store means change.

false

A ___ attribute is an attribute that may take on more than one value for each entity instance

multivalued

A data flow to a data store means ________.

to update

When you decompose a DFD from one level to the next, there is a conservation principle at work and we must conserve inputs and outputs to a process at the next level of decomposition

true

What is an example of a project assumption? A) Size B) Potential problems C) Scope D) Complexity

: B

When an organization reviews their short and long term goals for development, the organization uses an IS plan to document it.

: TRUE

When projects are across departments with different objectives, it may be difficult to get parties to agree on the direction of the project.

: TRUE

When two ________ have the same data flow name, you must be careful that these flows are exactly the same.

Arrows

________ are NOT a component of data flow diagram symbols.

Data programs

What is the end result of a JAD?

Detailed documents of the current system

Which of the following is NOT a phase in the planning game?

Documentation

A level-1 diagram is a DFD that represents a system's major processes, data flows, and data stores at a high level of detail.

False

A source/sink might not consist of a person inside or outside the business unit supported by the system you are analyzing who interacts with the system.

False

DFDs do a very good job of representing time. On a given DFD, there is an indication of whether a data flow occurs constantly in real time, once per week, or once per year. There is also an indication of when a system would run.

False

A(n) ________ in business process modeling shows the sequence of action in a process.

Flow

A(n) ________ in a data flow means that exactly the same data goes from a common location to two or more different processes, data stores, or sources/sinks. (This usually indicates different copies of the same data going to different locations.)

Fork

The act of going from a single system to ________ component processes is called (functional) decomposition.

Four

If an analyst can recognize that all of the facts must fit with every other fact, the analyst is displaying ________.

Impertinence

A ________ is a DFD that represents a system's major processes, data flows, and data stores at a high level of detail.

Level-0 diagram

A ________ diagram is a DFD that is generated from n nested decompositions from a level-0 diagram.

Level-n

Which tool enables you to quickly take basic requirements and create a limited working system?

Prototyping

If you are entering diagrams into a CASE tool during a JAD, you are probably the ________.

Scribe

A deliverable from conceptual data modeling is a set of entries about data objects to be stored in the project dictionary or repository.

TRUE

When developing a database system, the database is constructed during the implementation phase.

TRUE

A data flow has a noun phrase label. More than one data flow noun phrase can appear on a single arrow as long as all of the flows on the same arrow move together as one package.

True

DFDs are not as good as flowcharts for depicting the details of physical systems; on the other hand, flowcharts are not very useful for depicting purely logical information flows.

True

Once the DFDs are complete, we can examine the details of individual DFDs for such problems as redundant data flows, data that are captured but are not used by the system, and data that are updated identically in more than one location.

True

The information system is depicted as a DFD and the highest-level view of this system is called a context diagram.

True

The inputs to a process must be sufficient to produce the outputs (including data placed in data stores) from the process. Thus, all outputs can be produced, and all data in inputs move somewhere: to another process or to a data store outside the process or onto a more detailed DFD showing a decomposition of that process.

True

Which of the following is a situation in which prototyping is useful for requirements determination?

When tools and data are rapidly available to working systems

If a project has a small or narrow focus, it most likely was chosen by ________. A) A business unit B) Top management C) A steering committee D) The IS department

: A

What makes all projects feasible? A) Unlimited resource and infinite time B) Limited scope C) A great budget D) A highly skilled project team

: A

Which of the following is NOT a source for IS development requests? A) Customers B) Formal planning groups C) Business units D) IS managers

: A

All of the following are categories of feasibility except ________. A) Technical B) Scope C) Scheduling D) Political

: B

Which feasibility is concerned with the project attaining its desired objectives? A) Technical feasibility B) Operational feasibility C) Schedule feasibility D) Legal feasibility

: B

Which of the following is NOT a question asked to determine if project initiation and planning has ended and analysis has begun? A) What kind of effort should be expended on PIP? B) Who is going to pay for PIP? C) Who is responsible for performing PIP? D) Why is PIP so challenging?

: B

Which of the following is NOT an example of a project risk assessment factor? A) Project duration time B) Customer's commitment to system C) Familiarity with other systems D) Organizational personnel changes resulting from system

: B

Which of the following is NOT an example of a recurring cost? A) Software maintenance B) Data storage expenses C) System conversion D) Hardware leases

: C

Which of the options below means the organization has the ability to build the requested system? A) Economic feasibility B) Return on investment C) Technical Feasibility D) Break-even point

: C

Who is typically responsible for performing the PIP process? A) Managers B) Users C) Systems analyst D) The business unit

: C

A large organization uses a less formal approach to project selection.

: FALSE

A project must have a positive ROI to be approved for continuation.

: FALSE

If a project is in the incremental commitment stage, it is waiting to start.

: FALSE

In information systems planning, technology blueprints would be found in the current situation step.

: FALSE

Objective statements is the method of an organization fulfilling its mission and objectives.

: FALSE

Operational feasibility deals with project duration.

: FALSE

Small projects do not have any risk.

: FALSE

Top management most often chooses project with a narrow tactical focus.

: FALSE

Personal appearance matters during a presentation.

: TRUE

The organization should have a good understanding of the business strategy for good project selection to occur.

: TRUE

The scope of information systems is concerned with the entire company.

: TRUE

An effective way to gather information about the system from users is ________.

Asking them questions

________ is NOT a phase in a systems development life cycle.

Attributes

A(n) ________ diagram shows the conditional logic for the sequence of system activities needed to accomplish a business process.

Activity

A(n) ________ in business process modeling is an action that must take place for a process to be completed.

Activity

A(n) ________ is an external entity that interacts with a system and is someone or something that exchanges information with the systems.

Actor

Which of the following is NOT a consideration when discussing the need for improved IS project selection? A) Systems cannot handle applications that cross organizational boundaries. B) Poorly planned systems must be constantly revised. C) Data redundancy is out of control. D) The cost of information systems has remained steady.

Answer: D

A data flow has a noun phrase label. More than one data flow noun phrase can appear on a single ________ as long as all of the flows on the same arrow move together as one package.

Arrow

According to the DFD conventions, the data flow is always depicted by a(n) ________.

Arrow

Which of the following is NOT a form of closed-ended questions?

Essay

Every project uses all of the project initiation activities.

FALSE

Open ended questions have a pre-specified answer.

FALSE

The second phase in the SDLC is Design.

FALSE

A data flow consisting of several sub-flows on a level-n diagram can be split apart on a level-0 diagram for a process that accepts this composite data flow as input.

False

A data flow diagram (DFD) is a picture of the movement of data between external entities and the processes and data stores within or outside a system.

False

A data flow has multiple directions of flow between symbols. It may flow in both directions between a process and a data store to show a read before an update.

False

A data store is data at rest and may represent only one physical location for data.

False

Which of the following is NOT a common source used to find out about the current issues in a system?

The new systems analyst

The first page of the interview guide contains all of the following except ________.

The outcome of an interview.

Which of the following is a new, faster, and more flexible technique for analysis gathering requirements?

The planning game

Continual user involvement works best with a large development team.

False

Evolutionary prototyping is used to model parts of the system, and if it is unsuccessful you throw away the system.

False

In the analysis phase, the amount of data that is gathered is small.

False

Managers should consider disruptive technologies when applying inductive thinking.

False

If a systems analyst is questioning everything, they are showing the ________ characteristic.

Impertinence

JAD stands for joint application design and is an intense, highly structured process.

True

Logic and timing are the rules by which data are transformed and manipulated.

True