MAN3025

Task Significance

The extent to which a job affects the lives of others, whether inside or outside the organization

Which guidelines should be followed when giving positive reinforcement? (Choose every correct answer.) Be clear about what behavior is desired. Administer punishment in private. Give rewards as soon as possible. Combine punishment and positive reinforcement.

Be clear about what behavior is desired. Give rewards as soon as possible.

According to self-determination theory, people's behavior and well-being are influenced by what three innate needs? Self-actualization, esteem, and safety Achievement, power, and affiliation Hygiene factors, motivators, and expectancy Competence, autonomy and relatedness

Competence, autonomy and relatedness

What are the three major elements of Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model? (Choose every correct answer.) Core job characteristics Psychological states Work outcomes Instrumentality

Core job characteristics Psychological states Work outcomes

What types of justice are the components of organizational justice? (Choose every correct answer.) Distributive Interactional Procedural Relational

Distributive Interactional Procedural

What are the stages of Victor Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation? (Choose every correct answer.) Equity to justice Effort to performance Hygiene factors to motivating factors Performance to outcomes

Effort to performance Performance to outcomes

The concept of fitting jobs to people is based on what ideas? (Choose every correct answer.) Employees are underutilized. Employees want more responsibility, challenges, and variety. Employees will eventually adapt to their positions. Employees can only handle a limited number of tasks.

Employees are underutilized. Employees want more responsibility, challenges, and variety.

The model of motivation called equity theory is based on which of the following ideas? Employees are incapable of resolving feelings of injustice. Employees accept that they will be treated unfairly in the workplace. Employees want to see fairness in how they are rewarded for task performance.

Employees want to see fairness in how they are rewarded for task performance.

What theory asserts that motivation is essentially a decision about how much effort to exert to get what you want in a particular situation? Goal-setting Behavioral Justice Expectancy

Expectancy

True or false: Money is the best motivator.

False (Although money is a motivating factor, praise and other non-monetary rewards can be even more motivating.)

What is the modern way of designing jobs? Fitting jobs to people Working as individuals Fitting people to jobs Working as groups

Fitting jobs to people

Which theories of motivation are characterized as process perspectives? (Choose every correct answer.) Goal-setting theory Expectancy theory Hierarchy of needs theory Equity theory

Goal-setting theory Expectancy theory Equity theory

Which theory proposes that work satisfaction originates from motivating factors, and dissatisfaction originates from hygiene factors? Alderfer's ERG theory Herzberg's two-factor theory Malsow's hierarchy of needs House's path-goal model

Herzberg's two-factor theory

What does the technique called scientific management seek to do? (Choose every correct answer.) Increase employee efficiency Raise employee productivity Design jobs to be less repetitive Reduce the number of tasks a worker performs

Increase employee efficiency Raise employee productivity Reduce the number of tasks a worker performs

Which of the following focuses on five core job characteristics that affect the psychological states of an employee, which in turn affect work outcomes? Pay for knowledge Reinforcement theory Job characteristics model Expectancy theory

Job characteristics model

What are the two means by which jobs are fitted to people? (Choose every correct answer.) Job enlargement Job equalization Job enrichment Job elimination

Job enlargement Job enrichment

Equity theory is focused on explaining how people work to achieve which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.) Justice Dissonance Fairness Motivation

Justice Fairness

What are three types of learning opportunities? (Choose every correct answer.) Learning and development Incentive compensation Studying co-workers Tuition reimbursement

Learning and development Studying co-workers Tuition reimbursement

The theory of motivation that asserts that people are motivated by physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization needs is ______ theory. Maslow's hierarchy of needs Vroom's expectancy McClelland's acquired needs Alderfer's ERG

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

The theory of motivation that asserts that achievement, affiliation, and power are the major motives determining people's behavior in the workplace is called ______. McClelland's acquired needs theory Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory Vroom's expectancy theory Alderfer's ERG theory

McClelland's acquired needs theory

What theories of motivation would be characterized as content perspectives? (Choose every correct answer.) Vroom's expectancy theory McClelland's acquired needs theory Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory Herzberg's two-factor theory

McClelland's acquired needs theory Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory Herzberg's two-factor theory

What are the three critical psychological states identified by the job characteristics model? (Choose every correct answer.) Low absenteeism and turnover Meaningfulness of work Knowledge of actual results of the work Responsibility for work outcomes

Meaningfulness of work Knowledge of actual results of the work Responsibility for work outcomes

Which statements about motivation are true? (Choose every correct answer.) Because motivation comes from within, it cannot be understood. Motivation can only be inferred from a person's behavior. Multiple contextual and personal factors create motivation. Motivation is easy to see in another person.

Motivation can only be inferred from a person's behavior. Multiple contextual and personal factors create motivation

How does McClelland view needs? Needs are all related to our desire for power. We are born with needs. Needs must be satisfied in order, beginning with safety needs. Needs are something we learn from our culture.

Needs are something we learn from our culture.

What area of equity theory is concerned with the extent to which people believe they are being treated fairly at work? Expectancy Instrumentality Organizational justice Hierarchy of needs

Organizational justice

Hillary knows she needs a full-time job so she can buy groceries and clothing for her three children. Which level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs does this describe? Self-actualization Physiological Safety Psychological

Physiological

Merilee is a seamstress in a garment factory, and she is paid $10 for each skirt she produces. What compensation plan does this describe? Pay-for-knowledge Commission Piece rate Gainsharing

Piece rate

Which are principal perspectives on motivation? (Choose every correct answer.) Process Content Reinforcement Job design Competition

Process Content Reinforcement Job design

Which perspectives on motivation are concerned with the thought progression that leads to people deciding how to act? Bias perspectives Hierarchy perspectives Need perspectives Process perspectives

Process perspectives

"Consequences influence behavior" best describes which theory of motivation? Expectancy theory Equity theory Reinforcement theory Acquired needs theory

Reinforcement theory

What Tamika loves about her job is that every day brings new challenges, and she can use different talents and abilities to complete her job tasks. This is an example of which core job characteristic? Feedback Task significance Task identity Skill variety

Skill variety

Which of the following are core job characteristics in the Hackman and Oldham job characteristics model? (Choose every correct answer.) Task structure Skill variety Feedback Autonomy Task significance

Skill variety Feedback Autonomy Task significance

Negative reinforcement

Strengthening a behavior by withdrawing something negative

Autonmy

The extent to which a job allows the worker to make choices about scheduling different tasks and/or deciding how to perform them

Feedbac

The extent to which a job allows the worker to make choices about scheduling different tasks and/or deciding how to perform them

Skill Variety

The extent to which a job requires a worker to use a wide range of different abilities

Task Identity

The extent to which a job requires the worker to perform everything needed to complete the job from beginning to end

What are characteristics of the best incentive compensation plans? They are designed to meet employee, not company, needs. They are agreed on by both employees and managers. They involve generally unattainable stretch goals. They link rewards to performance.

They are agreed on by both employees and managers. They link rewards to performance.

According to equity theory, which of the following would be characterized as inputs? (Choose every correct answer.) Praise Training Effort Experience

Training Effort Experience

True or false: Pay for performance allows different salaried employees to get different pay raises and other rewards.

True

A survey showed that while most employees were pleased with the company's advancement opportunities and merit system, they were dissatisfied with factors such as pay scale and sharing an office with someone they disliked. These results exemplify which theory of motivation? Two-factor theory Acquired needs theory Self-determination theory Hierarchy of needs theory

Two-factor theory

Positive reinforcement

Using rewards or positive consequences to strengthen a particular behavior

Extinction

Weakening a behavior by ignoring it or making sure it is not reinforced

Punishment

Weakening a behavior by presenting something negative or withholding something positive

Elaine surpassed her sales goal and earned a small cash award for her strong performance. This is an example of a ______. pay for performance program bonus program profit-sharing program pay for knowledge program

bonus program

Cash awards given to employees who achieve specific performance objectives are called ______. profit sharing salaries bonuses stock options

bonuses

Louisa is a real estate salesperson. When she sells a house, she earns a sales ______ equal to 6 percent of the sales price of the house. call quota profit sharing commission

commission

Dividing work among employees and applying motivational theories to increase employee satisfaction are the two components of job: enrichment. enlargement. simplification. design.

design.

When rewarding an employee for a behavior, you should ______. avoid telling employees how to earn rewards reward all employees the same reward employees based on personality, not behavior. give rewards as soon as possible

give rewards as soon as possible

The economic or protective potential of employee experience, actions, and knowledge is referred to as ______. reimbursement worker skill human capital employee development

human capital

In equity theory, the education, experience, and skills that individuals contribute to their organizations are examples of ______. inputs outputs motivations comparisons

inputs

Liu wants to better understand how to motivate employees at her company. Because she knows there is no single leading theory accepted by everyone on what motivates people, she looks into the top four perspectives: content, process, reinforcement, and ______. job design hierarchy status theory punishment

job design

Scientific ______ is the process of reducing the number of tasks a worker performs. enrichment design analysis management

management

To be successful, an incentive compensation plan must be ______. complex measurable percentage-based original

measurable

Pay for performance, basing pay on one's results, is also known as ______ pay. gainsharing profit merit bonus

merit

The use of reinforcement theory to change human behavior is called behavior ______. modification consequence challenge focus

modification

The psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior are collectively called ______. leadership motivation influence organization

motivation

The psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior are collectively called ______. leadership motivation organization influence

motivation

Physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior are called ______. theories processes problems needs

needs

Contingency factors refer to the degree to which individuals want ______. motivation and job satisfaction autonomy and trust personal and psychological development task identity and significance

personal and psychological development

A pay-for-performance plan in which employees are paid according to their productivity is referred to as ______. gainsharing profit sharing piece rate commission

piece rate

Anything that causes a given behavior to be repeated or inhibited is known as ______. dissonance gainsharing onboarding reinforcement

reinforcement

Sales representatives are paid a percentage of the earnings the company made from their sales in the form of a ______. stock option bonus benefit sales commission

sales commission

The theory of motivation that asserts that people are driven to try to grow and attain fulfillment, with their behavior and well-being influenced by the three innate needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness, is known as the ______ theory. self-determination two-factor hierarchy of needs acquired needs

self-determination

According to the job characteristics model, the extent to which a job requires the job holder to use a wide range of different talents and abilities is known as ______. task significance skill variety autonomyterm-34 task identity

skill variety

One survey found that about half of U.S. adults would be willing to take a 10% pay cut if it meant: getting a promotion. having more flexible hours and days off. working at a job they found meaningful. working fewer hours.

working at a job they found meaningful.