Mana 5345 - Exam 1- Chapter 2
49. Social competence in emotional intelligence includes ______. A. empathy B. self-regulation C. confidence D. motivation
Ans: A
3. Who found several consistent traits among charismatic leaders? A. Stogdill B. Judge et al. C. Jung and Sosik D. Shankman and Allen
Ans: C
55. Which of the following is a strength of the trait approach? A. it includes behaviors as a central component B. it is used in many leadership training and development programs C. it helps followers fulfill their need to see their leaders as gifted and special D. it has a definitive set of traits that researchers agree upon
Ans: C
47. The trait approach is criticized for its failure to take ______ into consideration. A. emotional intelligence B. personality C. differences in leaders D. situations
Ans: D
True/False 4. The great person approach stresses that leaders' traits are learned.
Ans: F
True/False 8. In his early studies, Stogdill found that leaders in one situation would almost always be leaders in another situation.
Ans: F
71. Subeena met Derrick at a job fair, and she just hired him as an entry-level employee. Before his first day of work, Subeena asked Derrick to complete a personality assessment online. Subeena's company most likely used this type of approach to help ______. A. increase organizational effectiveness B. determine Derrick's IQ C. Subeena improve her communication skills D. avoid discrimination lawsuits
Ans: A
74. Theo's boss is often described as friendly, cooperative, diplomatic, and sensitive. Theo would be most accurate in saying his boss is high in which major leadership trait? A. sociability B. intelligence C. conscientiousness D. drive
Ans: A
9. In a major review in 1948, Stogdill suggested ______. A. no consistent set of traits differentiates leaders from non-leaders B. leadership traits are independent of situation factors C. extraversion is a definitive leadership trait D. a consistent set of traits differentiates leaders from nonleaders
Ans: A
39. Benchmarking what to look for if you want to be a leader is about ______. A. trying to develop specifically the five major traits in the text B. giving a boss a specific set of traits to look for in potential new hires C. helping individuals see their own traits and decide if these are leadership traits D. specifically determining traits for a particular job promotion
Ans: C
44. Individuals displaying the five major leadership traits outlined in the text ______. A. are leaders in their workplace B. are beloved by their followers C. may be leaders in their workplace D. also display dominance in their workplace
Ans: C
5. ______ is described as those abilities to understand one's own and others feelings, behaviors and thoughts and to act appropriately. A. Great Man theory B. Social intelligence C. Emotional intelligence D. Big Five personalities
Ans: C
50. Goleman suggests that emotional intelligence ______. A. is not as important to leadership as IQ B. is less important for meeting life's challenges than traits C. plays a major role in a person's success D. plays a major role at only the top management levels
Ans: C
51. Applying the trait approach to 21st century leadership ______. A. lacks credibility B. helps us understand behaviors of leaders C. informs that leader's traits are a part of leadership process D. tells us which traits are important in which contexts
Ans: C
56. The five traits that have been found to be the set of traits leaders must have to be considered leaders are ______. A. intelligence, sociability, self-confidence, integrity, determination B. self-confidence, social judgment, integrity, determination, extraversion C. there is not a set of traits that all leaders must have D. there is a set of leader traits that all leaders must have, just not those listed above
Ans: C
6. Persistence, dominance, and drive are characteristics of which trait? A. extraversion B. sociability C. determination D. intelligence
Ans: C
60. Zaccaro et al. in 2004 analyzed several studies about ______. A. masculinity and leadership B. self-confidence and leadership C. intelligence and leadership D. sociability and leadership
Ans: C
66. Social competence in emotional intelligence includes ______. A. self awareness B. determination C. conflict management D. self confidence
Ans: C
68. Yolanda is writing a paper about the traits that made Martin Luther King a great leader. Yolanda is using which theory to underpin her paper? A. authentic leadership B. team development C. great man theory D. culture and leadership
Ans: C
72. The MSCEIT measures ______. A. potential for success in IT jobs B. competence in problem solving C. emotional intelligence D. the top six leader factors
Ans: C
75. In a study by Judge et. al., the Big Five factor most strongly associated with leadership was ______ and the factor most weakly associated with leadership was ______. A. openness, agreeableness B. conscientiousness, neuroticism C. extraversion, agreeableness D. openness, extraversion
Ans: C
78. An overview of the trait approach over the past 100 years can best be described as ______. A. peaking in the 1950s and then largely abandoned since B. initially focusing on follower traits then moving toward leadership outcomes C. beginning with emphasis on great persons, then shifting to include situation, now back to traits D. the most widely agreed upon approach for determining who can be a leader
Ans: C
12. Stogdill's second study found ______. A. no significant differences in traits from 1948 to 1974 B. situational factors could not be identified C. emotional intelligence plays a significant role in leadership D. both traits and situational factors are determinants of leadership
Ans: D
13. Which of the following traits are associated with charismatic leadership? A. intelligence, self-confidence B. physical attractiveness, height C. desire for power, desire to help others D. self-monitoring, impression management
Ans: D
18. By comparing Stogdill's findings from his 1948 survey with the findings of his updated 1974 survey, which of the following was suggested? A. leadership research has progressed little B. that risk taking and originality no longer play a role in problem solving C. that situational factors no longer play a large role within leadership D. that both personality and situational factors were predictors of leadership
Ans: D
19. Founder and former CEO of Apple, Steve Jobs, best demonstrated which trait? A. openness B. integrity C. sociability D. intelligence
Ans: D
24. The cognitive domain in emotional intelligence describes ______. A. confidence B. feeling C. competency D. thinking
Ans: D
29. Which of the Big Five personality factors means the tendency to be anxious, vulnerable, or depressed? A. extraversion B. determination C. conscientiousness D. neuroticism
Ans: D
30. Of the Big Five personality factors, which is the most strongly associated with leadership? A. openness B. neuroticism C. social status D. extraversion
Ans: D
32. The Big Five consists of all of the following factors except ______. A. openness B. neuroticism C. conscientiousness D. dominance
Ans: D
33. The trait approach is concerned with ______. A. leadership situations B. leadership skills C. follower attributes D. leader characteristics
Ans: D
35. A major strength of the trait approach is ______. A. there is a set list of traits that identify leadership B. it is easy to identify the best traits for leadership C. it can be used for leader training and development D. it highlights the leader component of the leadership process
Ans: D
36. Within an organization, the trait approach can be applied to ______. A. low-level managers B. middle-level managers C. upper-level managers D. all levels of the organization
Ans: D
4. Who conducted studies of social intelligence and its relationship to leadership? A. Stogdill B. Judge et al. C. Jung and Sosik D. Zaccaro
Ans: D
40. A strength of the trait approach is reflected in the idea that ______. A. self-confidence is the trait most important to leadership B. there is a clear list of leader traits C. identifying traits is highly objective D. it is appealing to identify special traits in leaders
Ans: D
43. The trait approach ______. A. takes followers into account B. is highly objective C. is quite useful for training programs D. has not found one definitive list of leadership traits
Ans: D
45. Research over the past 100 years on leadership traits ______. A. has clear and unambiguous findings B. has produced a definitive list of traits C. has described leader traits that are common to all situations D. has failed to produce a definitive list of traits
Ans: D
54. The 100 or more years of research on traits was completed originally to ______. A. distinguish between traits and behaviors B. define the five major traits associated with leadership C. distinguish between traits and skills D. determine a universal set of traits associated with leadership
Ans: D
57. A leader who is assured and dominant in her manner is expressing ______. A. agreeableness B. openness C. integrity D. self-confidence
Ans: D
58. ______ is one of Northouse's five major leadership traits focused on a leader's inclination to seek out pleasant social relationships. A. Surgency B. Agreeableness C. Extraversion D. Sociability
Ans: D
61. Intelligence as a leader characteristic is found in which of the following approaches? A. behavioral and trait B. trait and situational C. skills and behavioral D. skills and trait
Ans: D
69. Research indicates that a leader's intellectual ability ______. A. is negatively correlated with leadership potential B. should outrank followers by a factor of 2 C. has not been given much attention in the trait approach D. should not differ too much from that of followers
Ans: D
7. ______ is one of the five major leadership traits that focuses on a leader's inclination to seek out pleasant social relationships. A. Agreeableness B. Extraversion C. Intelligence D. Sociability
Ans: D
70. The trait approach to leadership ______. A. determines the most important traits in a highly objective way B. has produced a definitive list of specific leader traits C. examines leadership outcomes of groups and teams D. has been used in research for the past 100 years
Ans: D
77. Leadership research using the trait approach is popular because it ______. A. helps all kinds of organizations train and develop employees B. does a good job of taking context into consideration C. is a fresh, new approach to studying leadership D. fills our need to see leaders as gifted in some way
Ans: D
3. Considering a "strengths" approach to leadership as used in the strengthsfinder assessment, how are traits, talents, and strengths related to one another?
Ans: Everyone has natural talents, which are similar to personality traits in that they are relatively stable, fixed characteristics. From our natural talents, strengths emerge. Strengths are qualities of an individual that account for successful performance.
True/False 1. Openness is one of the five traits in the text that focuses on honesty and trustworthiness.
Ans: F
True/False 10. A major strength of the trait approach is that it is quite useful for training.
Ans: F
True/False 2. A strength of the trait approach is that it links specific leader traits to organizational outcomes.
Ans: F
11. Mary has managed the mailroom for 2 years. Management views Mary as a person with Special leadership talent, such as intelligence, sociability, and determination. What approach is Management using in assessing Mary? A. trait approach B. attributions approach C. behavioral approach D. managerial grid approach
Ans: A
2. who conducted two major surveys of research on the trait approach? A. Stogdill B. Judge et al. C. Jung and Sosik D. Zaccaro
Ans: A
20. A student who practices the piano daily and tries new music despite the difficulty demonstrates which trait? A. determination B. sociability C. integrity D. self-awareness
Ans: A
21. Who developed a model of emotionally intelligent leadership? A. Shankman and Allen B. Judge et al. C. Jung and Sosik D. Zaccaro
Ans: A
26. Shankman and Allen's (2002) model of emotionally intelligent leadership suggests leaders must take into account these three fundamental facets of leadership: ______. A. context, self, and others B. referent power, expert power, and legitimate power C. desire for power, desire to help others, and desire to win D. determination, integrity, and sociability
Ans: A
27. Openness in the Big Five Personality Model is defined as ______ A. curious, being informed, creativity B. sociable, assertive, high energy C. organized, dependable, decisive D. accepting, trusting, nurturing
Ans: A
41. Which of the following is not a strength of the trait approach? A. self-confidence is the trait most important to leadership B. it is appealing to identify special traits in leaders C. more than a century of research has been conducted on traits D. it provides a benchmark for what traits to look for in individuals
Ans: A
46. Arif is the leader of a small group of human resources professionals. Two of the staff members, Nina and Bohan, disagree about the leadership traits that Arif displays in their work situation. This disagreement describes which of the main criticisms of the trait approach? A. high subjectivity B. century of research C. lack of leadership emergence D. usefulness in training and development
Ans: A
52. More research has been conducted on this approach than any other. A. trait B. skills C. French and Raven's D. path-goal
Ans: A
59. The vast majority of research on traits from early to modern day has found ______. A. leaders are different from non-leaders B. masculinity is a common theme C. dominance is a common theme D. leaders and followers appear much the same
Ans: A
62. One benefit in using trait information is that managers can ______. A. develop an understanding of who they are and how they affect others B. determine the IQ of subordinates C. consistently predict who deserves a promotion. D. deny applications to those low in neuroticism
Ans: A
65. Emotional intelligence can be defined as our ability to perceive and ______. A. use emotions to facilitate thinking B. hide our emotions until we leave the workplace C. manipulate emotions of others D. seek counseling services at work
Ans: A
25. Emotional intelligence has to do with two different domains and the interplay between them. Those two domains are ______. A. task and process B. mind and body C. affective and cognitive D. traits and styles
Ans: C
28. The Big Five personality factor that is weakly associated with leadership is ______. A. conscientiousness B. neuroticism C. agreeableness D. sociability
Ans: C
34. The trait approach is ______. A. no longer a viable leadership approach B. primarily a focus of outdated research C. still a focus of contemporary leadership research D. irrelevant in modern society
Ans: C
67. Completing the strengthsfinder assessment can help ______. A. identity themes of talent that can be developed into strengths B. find the right potential employees in your geographic region C. pinpoint weaknesses in organizational systems D. definitively determine which of your subordinates should receive a bonus
Ans: A
5. How do the Big Five personality factors relate to the five major leadership traits identified in the text?
Ans: Answers will vary. Self-confidence is similar to extraversion in the sociable and assertive area. Intelligence is similar to openness in that the insightful and informed and creative relate somewhat to reasoning capacity. Agreeableness and sociability share the accepting and nurturing or human capacities. Determination and conscientiousness are similarly focused on dependability and getting things done. Neuroticism is not what we want in leaders, and integrity as a leadership trait is not part of the Big Five explicitly.
4. Are leaders born or made? Defend your answer using information from either trait or skills approach.
Ans: Answers will vary. Trait answers should include leaders are born because they have inborn traits that help them be identified as leaders by their followers. Not all people can possess these traits and people cannot really develop a trait. Therefore leaders are born not made. Skills answers include leaders are made because skills and competencies can be learned and developed. This makes leadership available to everyone if individuals take the time, energy, and reflection to develop their skills for good leadership outcomes.
1. Kirkpatrick and Locke's research postulated that ______. A. three traits are the ingredients for leadership B. traits can be both inborn and learned C. leaders are no different from followers D. traits are unimportant to leadership
Ans: B
14. The trait approach focuses on ______. A. follower-leader interaction B. role of the leader C. role of the follower D. role of the organization
Ans: B
15. A manager arrives an hour early to work every day and is always completing his task early as well as constantly striving for excellence within the organization. Which two traits best represent the manager? A. articulate and self-confident B. dependable and diligent C. trustworthy and perceptive D. self-confident and empathetic
Ans: B
17. Being socially aware, possessing social acumen, practicing self-monitoring, and having the ability to decide on the best response for any given situation, and then following through with said decision, are part of Zaccaro's definition of ______. A. problem solving B. social intelligence C. task knowledge D. cognitive ability
Ans: B
31. Who found a strong relationship between the Big Five traits and leadership? A. Stogdill B. Judge et al. C. Jung and Sosik D. Zaccaro
Ans: B
37. An organization requires you to fill out a personality assessment instrument as part of your application process for a specific position with the organization. What best explains why they would have you do this? A. to place you with others who share the same traits B. to determine whether you fit their needs for the particular position C. to examine your attention to detail D. to decide on an amount for your salary
Ans: B
38. People want to be able to identify leaders as those who are leading the way in our society. This is an example of what strength of the approach? A. century of research B. intuitive appeal C. benchmarking traits D. definitive list of traits
Ans: B
42. A major criticism of the trait approach is ______. A. its intuitive appeal B. there is no definitive list of leadership traits C. it highlights the leader component in the leadership process D. research on leadership traits is fairly new
Ans: B
48. I just had an argument with my supervisor about spending more than was budgeted on my project. I had strong emotions during the argument, and now I am thinking about how to improve my mood at work. This thinking about my emotions is ______. A. in the affective domain of emotional intelligence B. in the cognitive domain of emotional intelligence C. affective judgment of my emotions D. is neither affective nor cognitive judgment of my emotions
Ans: B
53. When trying to identify who leaders are, I am using the ______ approach. A. skills B. trait C. behavioral D. social judgment
Ans: B
63. The tendency to be thorough, dependable, organized, and decisive describes which Big Five personality factor? A. openness B. conscientiousness C. low neuroticism D. self-confidence
Ans: B
64. Which of the following is among the five major leadership traits outlined in the text? A. extraversion B. sociability C. conscientiousness D. charisma
Ans: B
73. As a member of your club, you feel assured that your attempts to influence fellow club members are generally right and appropriate and that you can make a difference. This best describes which of the major leadership traits outlined in the text? A. integrity B. self-confidence C. determination D. sociability
Ans: B
76. In the 1990s and early 2000s, researchers began to investigate leadership traits associated with ______. A. goal achievement B. social intelligence C. values-based actions D. self-confidence
Ans: B
8. Research related to the trait approach has ______. A. been a newer area of research B. been around for over 100 years C. not been a focus of researchers until recently D. consisted of very few known models and studies
Ans: B
10. Which best describes the overall results of Stogdill's second survey when compared with his Initial survey? A. there was little to no difference in the findings B. situational factors became less of a focus C. it was more balanced in its descriptions of the role of traits and leadership D. personality played a larger role in leadership
Ans: C
16. During the 2008 United States presidential election, Barack Obama demonstrated this trait extensively and brought public attention to its value as it relates to leadership. A. readiness B. capacity C. charisma D. drive
Ans: C
22. Goleman suggests that emotional intelligence is a set of ______. A. ethical and emotional competencies B. social and perceptual competencies C. personal and social competencies D. cognitive and expressive competencies
Ans: C
23. The underlying premise of emotional intelligence's impact on leadership is ______. A. intelligence is the most essential part of leadership B. sensitivity to personal emotions is most important to positive leadership C. understanding one's own and others' emotions provides a base for impactful leadership D. emotional intelligence has minimal impact on effective leadership
Ans: C
2. Defend or refute: Personality assessment instruments are accurate ways of identifying potential leaders within organizations.
Ans: If one holds the view that personal attributes are fixed and cannot be developed, then identifying desired traits is one way of assessing potential leadership of organizational members. Assessment instruments are limited in effectiveness in that organizations and their environments change over time and the traits that serve members well in one setting may be less effective in another. If one holds the view that personal attributes can be developed, then assessment instruments may be useful in identifying initial desirable traits and, later on, measuring members' progress in developing these traits. Personality assessment instruments, however, do not give the full picture of a person's capabilities.
5. Explain what having integrity means.
Ans: Integrity is the quality of honesty and trustworthiness. People with integrity take responsibility for their actions and are dependable. They "walk the talk."
2. What is the difference between intelligence and emotional intelligence?
Ans: Intelligence is concerned with our ability to learn information and apply it to life tasks, whereas emotional intelligence is concerned with our ability to understand emotions and apply this understanding to life's tasks.
4. Name the five major traits identified in the Northouse text as those centrally associated with leadership.
Ans: Intelligence, Self-Confidence, Determination, Integrity, Sociability
1. Name the five personality traits known as the Big Five Personality Factors.
Ans: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism
True/False 3. The trait approach focuses primarily on the leader, not on the followers or the situation.
Ans: T
True/False 5. The great person approach focuses on important political leaders.
Ans: T
True/False 6. The trait approach has a century of research to back it up.
Ans: T
True/False 7. The trait approach failed to identify a definitive set of specific leadership traits.
Ans: T
True/False 9. Stogdill's later studies argued that personality and situational factors were both determinants of leadership.
Ans: T
1. Why has the trait approach failed to provide a definitive list of leadership traits?
Ans: The approach has failed to take into account the impact of different situations, which may call for different traits. The traits are not consistently operationalized and measured between studies. Lists of important leadership traits are often subjective.
3. Of the five major leadership traits discussed in the chapter, which would you claim to be the most important? Which the least important? Support your claim with specific examples from the chapter.
Ans: The following traits should be referenced and supported through examples that demonstrate specifics of each: Intelligence: Having strong verbal ability, perceptual ability, and reasoning appears to make one a better leader. Should not differ much from the follower as this may cause communication problems. Self-confidence: the ability to be certain about one's competencies and skills, closely tied to influence. Determination: Determination is the desire to get the job done and includes characteristics such as initiative, persistence, dominance, and drive. Integrity: Leaders with integrity inspire confidence in others because they can be trusted to do what they say they are going to do. Sociability: Leaders who show sociability are friendly, outgoing, courteous, tactful, and diplomatic.
