management 1 and 2

What is an organization?

A group of individuals who work together to achieve the goals or objectives that are important to these individuals

Which of the following characteristics relates to the Hawthorne studies?

A group of studies that provided the stimulus for the human-relations movement within management theory and practice

Which of the following characteristics best relates to management?

A set of activities designed to achieve an organization's objectives by using its resources effectively and efficiently in a changing environment

Which of the following characteristics relates to the quantitative approach?

A viewpoint of management that emphasizes the application of mathematical models, statistics, and structured information systems to support rational management decision making

You own and operate your own hamburger stand. One of your employees makes the hamburger patties, a second grills them, a third slaps them in buns, and a fourth sells them to customers. You are utilizing what management concept or theory?

Division of labor, or specialization

Which of the following refers to organizations owned either privately by one or more individuals or publicly by stockholders?

For-profit companies

What term describes activities--including reporting, preparing data analyses, briefings, delivering mail, emailing, websites, and making telephone calls--that focus on data important for the decisions the manager needs to make?

Informational roles

_____________ believied capitalism would collapse upon itself and socialism was the way to a prosperous culture.

Marx

You manage a local baseball team, and you allow the nine members to choose the position each will play. Your team has high morale, wins a local tournament, and the members decide to split the winnings equally. You have been influenced by the ideas of

Mary Parker Follett.

At the age of 45, having made your fortune in the hamburger business, you sell the business, retire, and then take up full-time the hobby you love: painting. Whose theory or concept best describes your decision?

Maslow's self-actualization

What term describes institutions such as governments, social cause organizations, and religious groups that cannot retain earnings over expenses, do not have equity interests, and cannot be bought or sold?

Nonprofit organizations

IBM has recently rearranged various administrative divisions and departments. This activity can be classified into which major management function?

Organizing

What name is given to the activities involved in designing jobs for employees, grouping these jobs together into departments, and developing working relationships among organizational units/departments and employees to carry out the plans?

Organizing

The work of W. Edwards Deming is most appropriately classified in which theory of management?

Systems

Karl Marx is mostly know for his writing in the book _______________

The Communist Manifesto

Which of the following characteristics relates to technical skills?

The knowledge and ability to accomplish the specialized activities of the work group

You advertise heavily for a manager for your new, high-tech computer-chip factory in the Midwest, but you simply cannot find a trained person. You are encountering a modern version of what historical problem?

The productivity problem

Which of the following characteristics relates to social forces?

The relationship of people to resources

What is meant by soldiering?

The systematic slowdown in work by laborers with the deliberate purpose of keeping their employers ignorant of how fast the work can be done

Which of the following characteristics relates to organizational culture?

The values, norms, and artifacts shared by members of an organization

What term describes the assumption that people are naturally lazy, must be threatened and forced to work, have little ambition or initiative, and do not try to fulfill any need higher than security needs at work?

Theory X

You install a televised surveillance system in your doughnut shop so that you can keep an eye on every single employee, even when you are in your office. Your behavior is best described by

Theory X.

What name is given to the assumption that people naturally want to work, are capable of self-control, seek responsibility, are creative, and try to fulfill higher-order needs at work?

Theory Y

The real cause of the increase in output at Western Electric's Hawthorne plant was

increased attention paid to workers.

The distinguishing feature of division of labor, or specialization, is that it

breaks a job into component tasks and assigns a component to each worker.

The beliefs, traditions, philosophies, rules, and heroes shared by the members of the organization are referred to as the organization's

culture

When a manager uses skills that are necessary to work with other people, such as communicating and listening, he or she is using

interpersonal skills.

Drucker predicted that ______ would become increasingly important in the future, a prediction that became reality in the twenty-first century.

knowledge workers

The manager of the Boston Red Sox delivers a fiery speech just before the game about why it is critically important to beat the Yankees. He is

leading

Mass-production techniques of standardized products

lowered production costs, which led to lower prices and expanded markets.This answer is correct.

When a manager gathers and uses information to make a choice about how an organization's resources will be used, he or she is engaging in

decision making.

In the systems approach to management, an open system is usually thought of as having

much interaction with the external environment.

When the manager of the Boston Red Sox uses the scouting, player development, and travel departments to make plans for an upcoming series, he is

organizing

Perhaps the most basic assumption about the nature of people in Taylor's system of scientific management is that

people are rational beings and are economically motivated.

When the manager of the Boston Red Sox chooses his starting line-up for his next game, he is

planning

Three important trends that are impacting businesses today are e-business, global organizations, and

ethics and social responsibility.

When Henri Fayol said that management's role is to "forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to coordinate, and to control," he was stating the

functional definition of management.

As defined in the text, organizations are groups of individuals who work together to achieve

goals and objectives important to them .

The so-called "Protestant ethic" held that

hard work and self-denial would lead to a better afterlife.

One of the significant conclusions that has been drawn from the Hawthorne studies is that

human relations and the social needs of workers are a critical variable in management.

The contingency approach to management is best characterized by the short phrase

"it depends."

The psychologist who developed the idea that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy of importance is

Abraham Maslow.

What term describes the universality of management as a function that can be applied to all organizations?

Administrative management

What is meant by capitalism?

An economic system wherein the natural laws of supply and demand and free competition within the marketplace will efficiently regulate the flow of resources within a society

You manufacture high-tech multicomponent widgets in a new factory in Illinois. Your production line has eight different work stations, and each worker operates a computerized assembler. Your assembly method produces a widget every ten minutes. Your new factory is making use of what approach to management?

Classical

What term describes an approach to management that stresses the manager's role in a formal hierarchy of authority and focuses on the task, machines, and systems needed to accomplish the task efficiently?

Classical approach

What are learning organizations?

Companies that facilitate the learning of their members and continuously transform themselves

Which of the following refers to the intellectual abilities to process information and make accurate decisions about the work group and the job tasks?

Conceptual skills

Which of the following refers to the relationship of people to resources?

Economic forces

Which of the following refers to using resources in a way that produces a desired result?

Effectively

What term describes accomplishing the objectives with a minimum of resources?

Efficiently

The scientific-management theorist who studied the motions of bricklayers and nearly tripled their productivity was

Frank Gilbreth.

You watch a painter paint a house, and you videotape her movements. Later, you make specific recommendations for reducing her painting motions so she can be more efficient, and you also design a movable ladder for her to reduce fatigue. You are a disciple of

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth.

The management professor who actually followed managers for several days and took detailed notes about the purpose of all their activities was

Henry Mintzberg.

Which of the following refers to a practice whereby employees came to be viewed as informal groups of their own, with their own leadership and codes of behavior, instead of as just unrelated individual workers assigned to perform individual tasks?

Human-relations movement

What name is given to individuals who work primarily with information or who develop and use knowledge in the workplace?

Knowledge workers

Which of the following refers to the field of management that includes the study and use of mathematical models and statistical methods to improve the effectiveness of managerial decision making?

Management science

Which of the following refers to a systematic statement, based on observations, of how the management process might best occur, given stated underlying principles?

Management theory

What name is given to individuals who make decisions about the use of the organization's resources, and are concerned with planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the organization's activities so as to reach its objectives?

Managers

______ occurs when an organization transfers manufacturing, services, and other functions to countries where labor and supplies are less expensive.

Outsourcing

Which of the following characteristics best relates to resources?

People, equipment, finances, and data used by an organization to reach its objectives

____ coined the term management by objectives in his 1954 work Practice of Management.

Peter Drucker

What term describes determining what the organization will specifically accomplish and deciding how to accomplish these goals?

Planning

What name is given to an interpretation of the purpose of life, stating that, instead of merely waiting on earth for release into the next world, people should pursue an occupation and engage in high levels of worldly activity so that they can fulfill their calling?

Protestant ethic

What name is given to a theory within the classical approach that focuses on the improvement of operational efficiencies through the systematic and scientific study of work methods, tools, and performance standards?

Scientific management

You own a painting business in Minnesota. You watch the Weather Channel faithfully and schedule indoor painting for cold/wet days and outdoor painting for warm/dry days. You are using what management theory?

Scientific management

What is meant by interpersonal skills?

Skills such as communication, listening, conflict resolution, and leading that are necessary to work with others

______ refers to an organization's obligation to maximize its positive impact and minimize its negative impact on society.

Social responsibility

Which of the following refers to a person or group that can affect, or is affected by, an organization's goals or the means to achieve those goals?

Stakeholder

Effective use of an organization's resources means

achieving the intended result.

Both Henri Fayol and Max Weber were major contributors to the classical approach to management known as

administrative management.

When Henry Mintzberg referred to the manager as the "nerve center" and the "focal point" in his or her organization, he was talking about the manager in

an informational role.

The manager makes a decision about a course of action after analyzing several options. He or she is using

conceptual skills.

When a manager reasons well, processes information intelligently, and evaluates which strategic option is potentially most profitable, he or she is displaying

conceptual skills.

You work 90 hours a week because you are afraid of what will happen to you in the next life if you don't. You are a modern apostle of

the Protestant ethic.

A major criticism of the classical theories of management has been that they were

too narrowly focused on work and efficiency and ignored human needs.

The behavioral approach to management is most concerned with

understanding the importance of human needs, behavior, and attitudes in organizations.