Management - Chapter 13 (Managing Diversity)

What Factor that Shapes Personal Bias is this? The tendency to view people who are different as being deficient.

Prejudice

Most Common Diversity Initiatives

Diversity-focused recruiting training and education Community outreach

Diversity in the Workplace

The differences people bring to the workplace are valuable

Japan Diversity Initiatives

companies in Japan, for example, have made a strong push to hire more women, and in 2015 a greater percentage of working-age women were employed in Japan than in the United States and Europe.

when it comes to achieving breakthrough levels of innovation and performance, the best minds are those that:

don't think alike

What is the female advantage?

-Women are more collaborative, less hierarchical, relationship-oriented -Rated higher by subordinates on interpersonal skills -Better able to deliver in terms of what modern society requires of people

Which Diversity Initiative is this? A group based on social identity, such as gender or race, and organized by employees to focus on concerns of employees from that group.

Encouraging Employee Affinity Groups

Some countries have laws to increase the representation of women on corporate boards

Germany passed a law that took effect in 2016 requiring that many of its large corporations assign 30 percent of supervisory board seats to women.

Diversity Challenges on a Global Scale

Managers across the globe wrestle with many of the same diversity challenges as U.S. managers, especially concerning the progression of women into upper management positions.

The goal for organizations seeking diversity is __________ rather than a monoculture and __________ rather than ethnocentrism.

Pluralism Ethnorelativism

The highest level of sexual harassment, these acts would, if reported to the police, be considered felonies or misdemeanors.

Sexual crimes and misdemeanors.

Managers who cultivate a diverse workforce have been shown to improve

Their organization's chances of success. Diverse teams that perform efficiently add value by combining individuals' strengths, making the whole greater than the sum of its parts.

What Factor that Shapes Personal Bias is this? Occurs when a person is not aware of the bias in his or her favorable and unfavorable assessments, actions, and decisions toward members of specific groups.

Unconscious bias

Factors Shaping Personal Bias

Unconscious bias Prejudice Discrimination Stereotypes Ethnocentrism Managers can learn to value differences

How the environment and workforce is changing: More woman workers

Women outnumber men in the workplace, and their numbers are projected to grow slightly faster, at 7.4 percent compared to 6.3 percent for men.

What Factor that Shapes Personal Bias is this? Ethnocentric viewpoints and a standard set of cultural practices produce a _________ , a culture that accepts only one way of doing things and one set of values and beliefs

monoculture People of color, women, gay and transgender people, the disabled, the elderly, and other diverse employees may feel undue pressure to conform, may be victims of stereotyping attitudes, and may be presumed deficient because they are different.

Which Form of Sexual Harassment is this? This form involves sexual remarks and actions that are not intended to lead to sexual activity but that are directed toward a coworker based solely on gender and reflect on the entire group.

Generalized.

Benefits of Diversity Initiatives

Maintain a competitive advantage Improving morale Decreasing interpersonal conflict Facilitating progress in new markets Increasing creativity

Which Form of Sexual Harassment is this? This action treads a fine line as an attempt to "purchase" sex, with the potential for criminal prosecution.

Solicitation with promise of reward.

What Factor that Shapes Personal Bias is this? A rigid, exaggerated, irrational belief associated with a particular group of people.

Stereotypes A major component of prejudice Stereotypes are often based on folklore, media portrayals, and other unreliable sources of information. Stereotypes contain negative connotations. Stereotypes assume that all members of a group have the same characteristics.

How the environment and workforce is changing: Increased Diversity

Today's workplace is becoming more diverse as the number of foreign-born workers increases. In 2014, there were 25.7 million foreign-born workers in the U.S. workforce, making up 16.5 percent of all U.S. workers.

Managers can learn to value differences, which means that they recognize individual differences and see these differences with an appreciative attitude.

Valuing Cultural Differences Is based on cultural differences verified by scientific research methods Views cultural differences as positive or neutral Does not assume that all individuals within a group have the same characteristics

One of the challenges of managing a diverse workforce is creating an environment where:

all employees feel accepted as members of the team and where their unique talents are appreciated.

Two specific issues that illustrate how the environment and the workplace are changing are:

an increase in foreign-born employees and the rise of female employees:

a combination of cultural and organizational barriers that impede Asians' career progress.

bamboo ceiling

When managers create a feeling of inclusiveness, employees display more:

loyalty, cooperation, and trustworthiness.

To break through the glass ceiling into senior management roles, top executives suggest female and minority managers follow this advice:

Be assertive and ask for what you want. Highlight your achievements.

Which Dividend of Workplace Diversity is this? Companies with the best talent are the ones with the best competitive advantage. Attracting a diverse workforce is not enough; companies must also provide career opportunities and advancement for minorities and women to retain them.

Better use of employee talent.

Managers who want to boost performance and jumpstart innovation agree that diverse teams produce the best results.

In one survey of department heads and executives, 84 percent stated that they prefer heterogeneous teams because they lead to multiple viewpoints and more prolific ideas.

Traditional Model of Diversity

age, race, gender, pay level, disability, lifestyle The dimensions of diversity shown in the traditional model include inborn differences that are immediately observable.

This is achieved when a manager creates a heterogeneous team made up of individuals with diverse backgrounds and skill sets to provides a broader and deeper base of ideas, opinions, and experiences for problem solving, creativity, and innovation.

diversity of thought A broader and deeper sense of: -Ideas -Opinions -Experiences -Suggestions For: -Problem-solving -Decision-making -Creativity -Innovation

In the past, when managers thought of diversity, they focused on

the "problems" associated with diversity, such as discrimination, bias, affirmative action, and tokenism. Now managers recognize that the differences people bring to the workplace are valuable.

Inclusive Model of Diversity

race, gender, lifestyle, pay level, function, competency, income, parent, language, work style, military experience, position, nationality, personality the inclusive model of diversity includes all the ways in which employees differ, including aspects of diversity that can be acquired or changed throughout one's lifetime. Many organizational leaders embrace this more inclusive definition of diversity.

According to the results of one study, companies that rate high on creativity and innovation have a higher percentage of women and nonwhite male employees than less innovative companies.

Another recent study showed that a team's collective intelligence increases when there are more women members on the team.

Which Form of Sexual Harassment is this? The harasser coerces a coworker into sexual activity by using the threat of power (through recommendations, grades, promotions, and so on) to jeopardize the victim's career.

Coercion with threat of punishment.

What Factor that Shapes Personal Bias is this? (1) Making hiring and promotion decisions based on criteria that are not job-relevant. (2) When someone acts out their negative attitudes toward people who are the targets of their prejudice.

Discrimination Paying a woman less than a man for the same work is gender discrimination. Age discrimination makes the challenge of looking for a job even more trying for older workers.

What is all the ways in which employees differ.

Diversity Decades ago, many companies defined diversity in terms of race, gender, age, lifestyle, and disability. Today, companies are embracing a more inclusive definition of diversity that recognizes a spectrum of differences that influence how employees approach work, interact with each other, derive satisfaction from their work, and define who they are as people in the workplace.

Which Dividend of Workplace Diversity is this? It is important for any business operating in an increasingly complex and rapidly changing environment to deploy a broad range of talents. That provides a breadth of understanding of the world and environment and a fusion of the very best values and different perspectives which make up that world.

Enhanced breadth of understanding in leadership positions.

Which Diversity Initiative is this? Many policies within organizations originally were designed to fit the stereotypical male employee. Now leading companies are changing structures and policies to facilitate and support diversity. chief diversity officers

Enhancing Structures and Policies

Diversity Initiatives and Programs

Enhancing structures and policies Expanding recruitment efforts Establishing mentor relationships Encourage affinity groups Implement multicultural teams Increasing awareness of sexual harassment

Which Diversity Initiative is this? The successful advancement of diverse employees means that organizations must find ways to eliminate the glass ceiling. One of the most successful structures to accomplish this goal is the mentoring relationship.

Establishing Mentor Relationships Companies are also using reverse mentoring -reverse mentoring has younger managers and employees helping older workers navigate the challenges they face with new technology.

What Factor that Shapes Personal Bias is this? The natural tendency among people to regard their own culture as superior to others.

Ethnocentrism

Which way for organizations to seek diversity is this? The belief that groups and cultures are inherently equal.

Ethnorelativism

Which Diversity Initiative is this? For many organizations, a new approach to recruitment means making better use of formal recruiting strategies, offering internship programs to give people opportunities, and developing creative ways to draw on previously unused labor markets.

Expanding Recruitment Efforts

What two things have an impact on women's advancement opportunities and pay.

Glass ceiling The decision to "opt out" of a high pressure career

What is the degree to which an employee feels like an esteemed member of a group in which his or her uniqueness is highly appreciated.

Inclusion Inclusion creates a strong sense of belonging and a trust that all people can have their voices heard and appreciated.

Which Dividend of Workplace Diversity is this? Teams with diverse backgrounds bring different perspectives to a discussion that result in more creative ideas and better solutions.

Increased quality of team problem solving.

Which Dividend of Workplace Diversity is this? A diverse workforce is better able to anticipate and respond to changing consumer needs. Ford Motor Company realized it could reach its business objectives only if it created a workforce that reflected the multicultural face of the country.

Increased understanding of the marketplace.

Which Diversity Initiative is this? Although psychological closeness between men and women in the workplace may be a positive experience, sexual harassment is not. It is illegal.

Increasing Awareness of Sexual Harassment

Which way for organizations to seek diversity is this? An environment in which the organization accommodates several subcultures, including employees who would otherwise feel isolated and ignored.

Pluralism

Dividends of Workplace Diversity

Managers who build strong, diverse organizations reap numerous dividends: -Better use of employee talent -Increased understanding of the marketplace -Enhanced breadth of understanding in leadership positions -Increased quality of team problem solving -Reduced cost associated with high turnover, absenteeism, and lawsuits

What is creating a climate in which the potential advantages of diversity for organizational performance are maximized while the potential disadvantages are minimized.

Managing diversity In creating a culture of inclusion, managers may experience times of tension and discord as people with different backgrounds bring different opinions and ideas. Conflicts, anxiety, and misunderstandings may increase. Embracing these differences and using them to improve company performance can be challenging.

________proponents say women are deciding that corporate success isn't worth the price in terms of reduced family and personal time, greater stress, and negative health effects.

Opt-out women are voluntarily leaving the workforce for various reasons Power and status less appealing to women Queen bee syndrome

Which Dividend of Workplace Diversity is this? Companies that foster a diverse workforce reduce turnover, absenteeism, and the risk of lawsuits. Because family responsibilities contribute to turnover and absenteeism, many companies now offer child-care and elder-care benefits, flexible work arrangements, telecommuting, and part-time employment to accommodate employee responsibilities at home.

Reduced costs associated with high turnover, absenteeism, and lawsuits.

How Women Hold Themselves Back

They Don't Take Responsibility for Their Success. -Women expect to be rewarded for good work rather than seizing opportunities and asking for what they deserve. They Don't Display Confidence and Credibility. They seek mentors They Leave before They Leave. -A law associate might decide not to shoot for partner because someday she hopes to have a family

The U.S. workforce is changing as more organizations are implementing teams:

Unprecedented generational diversity Aging workers Increased diversity Growth in women workers

Many have added a new senior management position called:

chief diversity officer whose role is to create working environments where women and minorities can flourish.

What is an invisible barrier that separates women and minorities from senior management positions.

glass ceiling They can look up through the ceiling and see top management, but prevailing attitudes and stereotypes are invisible obstacles to their own advancement.