Management Chapter 2

labor market forces affecting organizations right now (3 things)

1) growing need for computer-literate knowledge workers 2) necessity for continuous investment in human resources 3) effects of international trading blocs, automation, outsourcing, and shifting facility locations on labor dislocations, all of which create unused labor pools in same area and labor shortages in others

a high-performance culture is a culture that ____________ (3 things)

1) is based on a solid organizational mission or purpose 2) embodies shared adapted values that guide decisions and practices 3) encourages individual employee ownership of both results and organization's culture

key success factors to a bossless organization (4 things)

1) reduce hierarchies starting from the top down 2) develop a system that "fits" the organization 3) recruit and hire employees who can adapt to a bossless culture 4) expect bumps in the road

Dimensions of the general environment (6 things)

1) technological 2) natural 3) Sociocultural 4) Economic 5) Legal/Political 6) International

sociocultural trends (3 things)

1) technologically savvy consumers 2) young people are focusing on widespread equality 3) minorities making up larger percentage of US population

slogan

A phrase, such as Disney's "The happiest place on earth," that succinctly expresses a key corporate value.

ceremony

A planned activity at a special event. managers hold ceremonies to provide dramatic examples of company values. Can create a bond among people by sharing an important event or celebrating heroes

achievement culture

A results-oriented culture that values competitiveness, personal initiative, cost cutting, and achievement. (stability and external)

strategic issues

An event or force that alters an organization's ability to achieve its goals.

Just-in-time (JIT)

An inventory-management approach in which supplies arrive just when needed for production or resale

high-performance culture is one that emphasize what?

Emphasizes both cultural values and business results.

a cultural leader is the "_________________" for the desire cultural values

"chief marketing officer"

what are the four categories of corporate culture?

1) adaptability culture 2) involvement culture 3) achievement culture 4) consistency culture

cultural leaders influence culture in what 2 key areas?

1) articulates a vision employees can believe in 2) heeds the day-to-day activities that reinforce the vision

strategies used by managers to adapt to strategic issues (3 things)

1) business intelligence applications 2) attempts to influence the environment 3) mergers or joint ventures

dimensions of internal environment (3 things)

1) current employees 2) culture 3) management

the task environment includes (4 things)

1) customers 2) competitors 3) suppliers 4) labor market

natural dimension

Includes all elements that occur naturally on Earth, including plants, animals, rocks, and natural resources such as air, water, and climate.

labor market

The people available for hire by the organization.

culture can be analyzed at 2 levels. What are they?

Visible and invisible

involvement culture

a culture that places high value on meeting the needs of employees and values cooperation and equality (family-like atmosphere) (flexible and internal)

hero

a figure who exemplifies the deeds, character, and attributes of a strong culture impacts are felt long after they are gone

competitive intelligence (CI)

a growing area of boundary spanning which refers to activities to get as much information as possible about one's rivals

symbol

an object, art, or event that conveys meaning to others

business intelligence

analyzing large amounts of data (internal and external) for strategic decision making

Influencing the Environment

another area of boundary spanning that includes activities that represent the organization's interest in the environment and attempt to influence elements of the external environment (example- political lobbying)

visible culture involves visible __________

artifacts- dress, office layout, symbols, slogan, and ceremonies

the fastest growing segment of business intelligence is ___________

big data analytics

Adaptibility Culture

characterized by values that support the company's ability to interpret and translate signals from the environment into new behavior responses (flexible and external)

most important factor for attracting, motivating, and retaining employees

corporate culture

companies that succeed in a turbulent world pay attention to both ___________ and __________

cultural values and business performance

cultural leader

defines and uses signals and symbols to influence corporate culture

invisible culture involves ___________ and _____________

expressed values and underlying, subconscious values/ beliefs

external organizational environment

includes all elements existing outside the boundary of the organization that have the potential to affect the organization

sociocultural dimension

includes demographic characteristics, norms, customs, and values of a population within which the organization operates

internal environment

includes elements within the organization's boundaries, such as employees, management, and corporate culture

legal-political dimension

includes government regulations at the local, state, and federal levels, as well as political activities designed to influence company behavior

organizational ecosystem

includes organizations in all the sectors of the task and general environments that provide the resource and information transactions, flows, and linkages necessary for an organization to thrive

Task Environment

includes those sectors that have a direct working relationship with the organization, among them customers, competitors, suppliers, and the labor market. (affect day to day and basic operations)

general environment

indirectly influences all organizations within an industry doesn't directly affect day-to-day operations but do affect all organizations eventually

Boundary Spanning

links to and coordinates the organization with key elements in the external environment

in regards to categories of culture, organizations usually have values that fall into ____________ categories

multiple

story

narrative based on true events, which is repeated - and sometimes embellished upon - to emphasize a particular value

international dimension

of the external environment represents events originating in foreign countries as well as opportunities for U.S. companies in other countries

technological dimension

of the general environment includes scientific and technological advances in society

competitors

organizations within the same industry or type of business that vie for the same set of customers

managers must _______________ to ensure that employees understand the new culture values, and they signal these values in both actions and words

over-communicate

customers

people and organizations in the environment that acquire goods or services from the organization

suppliers

provide the raw materials the organization uses to produce its output

economic dimension

represents the general economic health of the country or region in which the organization operates

joint venture

strategic alliance or program by two or more organizations

the organization's external environment has two components. What are they?

task environment and general environment

categories of culture are based on what 2 dimensions?

the extent to which the external environment requires flexibility the extent to which a company's strategic focus is internal or external

___________ means that managers don't have sufficient information about environmental factors to understand and predict environmental needs and changes

uncertainty

consistency culture

values and rewards a methodical, rational, orderly way of doing things (stability and internal)

mergers

when two or more organizations combine to become one