management final
Which is most true about shifting communication channels:
It can cause us to respond to messages while we are receiving them It can cause our message to appear unprofessional It can impact our ability to convey the right level of emotion
Which statement is true of OSHA?
It covers public employees but not all private employees
When an employer is encouraged to consider task maturity/job fit what does that entail?
It involves validating that the tasks are challenging for the employee and that the role that they are in isn't creating unnecessary stress.
When considering the evaluation framework, which of the below statements is false?
It is a completely objective tool for investigating matters which is why we use it
In thinking about the house analogy discussed in the lecture, which is true of the environment?
It is largely out of the control of the company
Which is not a guiding principle for addressing individual performance issues with an employee?
Make the discussion personal so they forget that you are dissatisfied with their performance
If Phillip wanted to verify the magnitude of this issue what would be the best piece of data or feedback he could request?
An audit log that includes Shelly's submission details in comparison to those of her peers
Above the surface?
Change in appearance
What best represents the difference between discrimination and stereotypes and prejudice?
Discrimination represents an escalation when thoughts, attitudes, and beliefs turn into action or into an intention to act.
Companies may be liable for the acts of their employee
In situations where they can be found negligent or liable for causing or failing to prevent an act
You were assigned a Harvard Business Review article titled, "A Cost of a Bad Hire Costs a Company at Least 10% More per Hire" which was posted on Blackboard and discussed in the lecture. Which statement below is true?
1. Some employees, even with higher pay, are unwilling to work with a company with a negative reputation 2. Employees have more negotiating power when discussing pay than before
Coolit Inc. is a manufacturer of air conditioners. They have over 120 employees at their plant and main office in Norfolk, Virginia. The company recently noticed that 12 employees have reported being ill. The employees complain that they are experiencing side effects from toxic chemicals related to coolant materials. The toxic coolant materials in the air are an example of which of the following?
1.Workplace Conditions 2.Violation of rights under OSHA
Scenario 1: Dynamic Healthcare Company A complaint is made about James, an employee at a local healthcare company called Dynamic Healthcare. James lost his temper at a work party in the office which resulted in him punching a teammate. The fight did not escalate beyond the initial punch at the event, but tensions between the two employees still seem to be strained. Which is most likely true of this situation?
A formal investigation will be best
Scenario 1: Dynamic Healthcare Company A complaint is made about James, an employee at a local healthcare company called Dynamic Healthcare. James lost his temper at a work party in the office which resulted in him punching a teammate. The fight did not escalate beyond the initial punch at the event, but tensions between the two employees still seem to be strained.If an investigation does occur, what type of temporary solution would be likely?
A separation of the two employees involved so they don't work on the same projects or in the same work space
In this course we discussed big data in Human Resources (HR). Which of the below is the least likely to be used as a source for big data in HR?
A single email with an employee about a specific matter related to their performance
Jose travels quite a bit to California for work and he often takes overnight (or redeye) flights to get back to Washington DC in time for meetings. While in the office, Jose looks visibly exhausted and you notice that he has also been forgetting deadlines recently. What would be an example of a solution and a response for this matter?
A solution would be to decrease the number of trips he takes and a response would be to appear visibly concerned.
Scenario 1: Smart Technologies June: Smart Technologies posts a job for an open position for the role of Chief Financial Officer. July: Smart Technologies interviews ten candidates for the Chief Financial Officer position. August: Smart Technologies offers Noah the job and Noah returns his signed employment contract. September: Noah begins work at Smart Technologies. November: Smart technologies notices small inconsistencies in inventory amounts and cash balances. December: An employee who reports to Noah shares concerns with a HR representative that Noah reacted negatively when she brought the inventory and cash inconsistencies to his attention. His aggression has since worsened yelling and requiring her to work all night at the office. January: Through a routine audit, Smart Technologies catches large inconsistencies in inventory and cash balances and suspects fraud. February: A formal investigation begins beginning with a conversation with Noah. March: Critical interviews take place as part of the investigation. May: The company fires Noah. June: he company files formal legal charges of embezzlement against Noah. What is the earliest point in time in which Smart Technologies could encounter legal risk related for Noah's actions?
Before he started in the Chief Financial Officer position (prior to September)
David works at a local packaging plant that operates 24 hours a day 7 days a week. His job requires a wide range of tasks from logging inventory to lifting heavy shipments and operating dangerous machinery. The employees at the plant are all given 8 hour shifts that equal up to 40 hours a week but they are able to take on additional shifts from co-workers which means they can qualify for overtime. David is saving up for his first house and wants to take on as many shifts as possible. In one week, David takes on so many shifts he logs nearly 100 hours. Even worse, David agrees to work two 8 hour shifts back to back (totaling 16 hours) three days in a row. Unfortunately, on the last shift of his 100 hour week, David severely injures himself while using a piece of heavy machinery. The company believes that fatigue is partially to blame. What would be an example of a systematic solution for this employee relations matter?
Create a policy that prohibits employees from working more than 60 hours a week including overtime.
Which is not a step of the lifecycle of an employee relations matter?
Documenting the employee relations matter
Michael and James are co-workers on the same team. They are working diligently to complete a time-sensitive project and the first draft of the project is due tomorrow morning at 9am. Michael is accountable for completing step 1 of the project and James is accountable for completing step 2. Both steps are due tomorrow at 9am. As of 8pm tonight (the evening before the deadline), James has still not received Michael's half of the project and he is worried that he may have to stay up all night to complete his portion or that the entire project may be late. James is considering sending a text message to Michael to ask for a status update on the project. Which of the statements below does not need to be considered by James in evaluating the channel he uses.
Does Michael expect a text message from James
Robert is excited to share positive news with one of his direct reports Marie. He grabs Marie in the hallway on her way to lunch and has a brief 5-minute in-person discussion with her. During the conversation, Robert shares that the plan is to promote Marie in December of this year (it is currently May). He also shares the following details:To get promoted, Marie is expected to complete an executive education course at ODU no later than September. To get promoted, Marie will need to increase her sales numbers by 10%. If promoted, Marie will receive a $12,000 salary increase. If promoted, Marie will be required to travel once a week to client site. Marie has been waiting for this promotion for quite some time. A week following the conversation, Marie asks Robert when she can expect to see the increased salary appear in her paycheck. Robert is confused because Marie has not completed the required steps to secure the promotion and very little time has gone by. If you were to improve Robert's situational timing specifically which may you suggest?
Encourage Robert to address the matter one-on-one in his office rather than in the hallway.
A company that has a great culture, such as Salesforce, is immune to employee relations matters discussed including individual issues, interpersonal issues, and workplace health/safety issues.
False
A firm has a company sponsored event at a local bar an employee claims she was harassed. The company is likely not liable because the incident happened outside of the office and thus was technically "offsite".
False
According to the Forbes article about big data, firms plan to decrease how much they spend on HR data in the future.
False
All four considerations, legal, human, time, and scope are present and have equal weight in each employee relations matter.
False
As a good rule of thumb, the smaller the employee relations issue the greater the amount of information required and the more sources of data and feedback needed.
False
Discrimination risk begins after you hire an employee and they begin work on their first day.
False
Increasing diversity in the workplace is now being viewed as a growing liability for organizations.
False
Kristin is a manager at a large clothing retailer. She suspects one of her employees is stealing merchandise. During her investigation, she discovers stolen merchandise in the employee's locker. This evidence can be categorized as documentation evidence.
False
Organizations need to know and understand federal laws but state and local laws are less relevant.
False
Piecing together relevant data as part of an investigation is acceptable so long as you have a large volume of data.
False
Relevant data should be manipulated or extrapolated to ensure that it can be easily understood by the investigator.
False
The human consideration centers on the fact that humans are not perfect and often cannot be trusted.
False
The progressive disciplinary system is most commonly used for positive employee relations situations.
False
The subject(s) of the employee relations matter (i.e. the persons who the employee relations matter is about) is always interviewed as part of the investigation.
False
The three employee relations categories discussed in module 2 (individual performance, interpersonal relations, and workplace safety and health) are mutually exclusive.
False
When considering communication, the employer typically takes on the role of the "sender" and the subject typically takes on the role of the "receiver."
False
You notice that employees within your department are using company printers for personal use frequently. You want to require them to review and re-sign a Permitted Use policy which outlines that using company property (including technology and equipment) for personal use is prohibited. This is an example of a high stakes solution.
False
You should only escalate employee relations matters that are your direct responsibility.
False
Your office has an open concept floor plan in which all employees sit near each other without walls or noise boundaries. An employee comes to you and complains that they are having a hard time concentrating. Allowing the individual employee to work from home one day a week with the hope of improving their productivity is an example of an individual solution.
False
Which component is most closely driving Phillip's request for the audit log?
Frequency
Luis arrives at the office at 8am for a meeting only to find his co-worker William intoxicated from the night before. Luis and William are good friends in that they started at the company and are in the same position. Luis hasn't ever seen William even take a sip of alcohol at company-sponsored events, but he does know that William's family has a history of alcoholism. Luis knows that he can intervene and escalate the situation, but he is worried about getting William in trouble. From the perspective of Luis as the investigator, what is the most likely combination of "scores" for the frequency and authority components of the framework?
Frequency is a 1 and Authority is a 3
Scenario 1: Smart Technologies June: Smart Technologies posts a job for an open position for the role of Chief Financial Officer. July: Smart Technologies interviews ten candidates for the Chief Financial Officer position. August: Smart Technologies offers Noah the job and Noah returns his signed employment contract. September: Noah begins work at Smart Technologies. November: Smart technologies notices small inconsistencies in inventory amounts and cash balances. December: An employee who reports to Noah shares concerns with a HR representative that Noah reacted negatively when she brought the inventory and cash inconsistencies to his attention. His aggression has since worsened yelling and requiring her to work all night at the office. January: Through a routine audit, Smart Technologies catches large inconsistencies in inventory and cash balances and suspects fraud. February: A formal investigation begins beginning with a conversation with Noah. March: Critical interviews take place as part of the investigation. May: The company fires Noah. June: he company files formal legal charges of embezzlement against Noah. Think about time considerations for this employee relations matter. How long did it take Smart Technologies to address the employee relations matter?
From the day of the formal investigation (February) to the day he was fired (May)
Given the information provided, which statement is most true regarding the impact of the issue?
High impact because if Phillip fails to act Shelly's late submission may set a bad example for others and may cause resentment among staff who are submitting their weekly reports on time.
How do you achieve balance in your culture?
Identify meaningful values and establish behaviors that reinforce these values
The HR investigator assigned to this matter begins to consider the evaluation framework. They are most concerned with what will happen if they fail to address the issue with the employee. Which component of the framework are they most concerned with?
Impact
Monarch Insurance Company provides health and life insurance. The company believes that it is important to promote meaningful values including transparency and collaboration given that much of their business is about helping people. That being said, their insurance associates have very aggressive sales quotas which prioritize individual performance over teamwork. The culture is so stressful that employees often lie about their sales performance to get paid. The company has recently observed an increase in attrition, verbal arguments among employees, and inconsistent performance. When the leadership team at Monarch Insurance speaks to a group of employees about the recent employee departures, the conversation surfaces that the company culture is having a negative effect on individuals including their mental and physical health. The leadership is committed to a remedying this situation. What statement below is true about Monarch Insurance's culture?
Individual performance and collaboration are in conflict and they don't sync.
In terms of the potential causes of interpersonal relations issues, an anticipated round of layoffs at a company that causes individuals to be in competition most closely resembles
Internal circumstances within the organization
A solution that is considered less complex involves all of the following except
Involves significant risk
Which of the statements below is least true of formal action:
It always requires the use of official company reports and/or templates
Samantha has started to miss critical deadlines at the office. Simultaneously she starts missing work without providing notice to her employer. When asked why she missed work she explains that she has had trouble sleeping and also admits to a substance abuse problem with prescription medicine. Given this information, what is the most accurate statement?
It is safest to identify all the warning signs and possible drivers but we cannot definitively determine causation.
Which isn't true of relevant data?
It should be pieced together from different time periods
Which of the following best reflects the potential cost of poor employee relations for an individual?
Less financial stability, less support, lower performance
Mark has worked at Target for nearly 6 months. His family recently moved to the US from Syria where he was a doctor. His medical credentials did not transfer and so he has had to pursue a very different job here in the US. The move has been difficult financially and Mark has had to work several jobs to make ends meet. Mark is quiet and doesn't talk much at work but he is extremely diligent about his work responsibilities. He often hears employees making fun of his accent and religious garb. Mark brings up his concerns about the work environment to the store manager but she responds that she doesn't have time to discuss such insignificant matters. She shares that she is going through a divorce and that she has had enough of complaints from everyone especially men she encounters. One day, Mark returns from break to find another employee searching through his personal belongings. When Mark questions the employee an assault occurs between Mark and the employee. The incident occurs in front of customers and other employees. When speaking with the store manager after the incident, Mark refuses to talk given that he feels that the store manager believes he is naturally violent. The other employee is questioned briefly then released and Mark worries that he will lose his job or be brought up on formal charges. What part of the self- concept relates to Mark's perception that the store manager already believes he is violent or guilty?
Looking-glass self
David is the newest member of the legal team at a major law firm in New York. He works in an extremely challenging job with very high-profile clients who demand a lot of their legal representation. His work and that of his peers goes unnoticed most of the time, but David has received three emails from senior executives complimenting him on his work quality and work ethic. David's manager requests feedback on whether others on the team outside of David have received compliments from clients at all or at the same rate. Which component of the evaluation framework is David's manager most likely focused on?
Magnitude
Mark has worked at Target for nearly 6 months. His family recently moved to the US from Syria where he was a doctor. His medical credentials did not transfer and so he has had to pursue a very different job here in the US. The move has been difficult financially and Mark has had to work several jobs to make ends meet. Mark is quiet and doesn't talk much at work but he is extremely diligent about his work responsibilities. He often hears employees making fun of his accent and religious garb. Mark brings up his concerns about the work environment to the store manager but she responds that she doesn't have time to discuss such insignificant matters. She shares that she is going through a divorce and that she has had enough of complaints from everyone especially men she encounters. One day, Mark returns from break to find another employee searching through his personal belongings. When Mark questions the employee an assault occurs between Mark and the employee. The incident occurs in front of customers and other employees. When speaking with the store manager after the incident, Mark refuses to talk given that he feels that the store manager believes he is naturally violent. The other employee is questioned briefly then released and Mark worries that he will lose his job or be brought up on formal charges. As it relates to the scope consideration, who could be included in the investigation?
Mark, legal counsel, human resources, store manager, and other employees who were involved or witnessed the event
Scenario 2: Dominion Insurance Phillip just stepped in as Shelly's new manager as of a month ago at Dominion Insurance. He recently noticed that Shelly has turned in her last two weekly progress reports late. These weekly progress reports are submitted using an electronic reporting system and database. This system can easily be monitored and audited to review performance data. As a new boss, Phillip doesn't want to overreact by penalizing Shelly too harshly. He begins to investigate the matter and is particularly curious about whether the behavior occurred before he became her manager. Philip requests an audit report with the due dates for each report for the last year and the date and time in which each report was submitted by Shelly. Phillip's request extends to a period prior to when he was appointed Shelly's manager. Before Phillip, Shelly did not have a formal manager but was instead indirectly supervised by a more senior team member named Melissa. Melissa was technically a peer and did not have the ability to reprimand Shelly unlike Phillip who can make an array of management decisions including electing to terminate (i.e. fire) Shelly if needed. Given the information provided, what is likely true of Melissa's authority versus Phillip's authority?
Melissa has medium authority, but Phillip has high authority
Coolit Inc. is a manufacturer of air conditioners. They have over 120 employees at their plant and main office in Norfolk, Virginia. The company recently noticed that 12 employees have reported being ill. The employees complain that they are experiencing side effects from toxic chemicals related to coolant materials. Michael is one of the 12 employees. He is afraid that he will lose his job if he reports the toxic chemicals. What is true about this action step?
Michael will be protected from losing his job because OSHA protects him from retaliation
Sheri observed one of her employees taking an extended lunch break today. After observing this, Sheri sent herself an email to document the incident. This can best be described as which of the following:
No action
high # Low # Magnitutde Frequency Authority Impact
No action and Informal action
Monarch Insurance Company provides health and life insurance. The company believes that it is important to promote meaningful values including transparency and collaboration given that much of their business is about helping people. That being said, their insurance associates have very aggressive sales quotas which prioritize individual performance over teamwork. The culture is so stressful that employees often lie about their sales performance to get paid. The company has recently observed an increase in attrition, verbal arguments among employees, and inconsistent performance. When the leadership team at Monarch Insurance speaks to a group of employees about the recent employee departures, the conversation surfaces that the company culture is having a negative effect on individuals including their mental and physical health. The leadership is committed to a remedying this situation. As it relates to the physical and mental health matters, how may the company shift from reactive to proactive?
Offer a $100 cash bonus per month for employees who use the company gym at least two times a week Host a company meeting during the lunch hour on healthy eating best practices. Purchase a meditation app to coach employees on how to manage their stress.
Evaluate the human consideration and its connection to employee relations - which of the below statements is not true?
Organizations are less likely for the "human" element to impact their actions and reactions.
Which is true about the current labor market?
People are choosing to work over attending school full-time
Which item below is the easiest for a company to impact and control?
Policies
Which option below is not a market dynamic increasing the relevance of employee relations?
Renewed energy around individual assignments and individual performance.
If Robert wanted to avoid any risk of information overload in this situation, he should try all of the following except for
Request the Marie recap their conversation in email
........Robert believes that because Marie believes she is overdue for the promotion that she may have intentionally not heard the next steps she was accountable for in order to secure the promotion. Based on Robert's description, Robert believes that Marie may have suffered from which of the following?
Selective listening
An employee relations matter involving two employees within your department surfaces. Both employees are accused of verbally arguing in front of colleagues and using offensive and unprofessional language. As the manager, you recognize that it is your responsibility to generate a solution for this employee relations matter. Which of the following is not an example of a low stakes solution?
Terminating both employees
Melissa has quite a bit going on personally including caring for her ill mother and raising her three children so the realization that she is paid significantly less than her male peer is frustrating. This peer is doing the same job and is within the same division as her. Given this information, which of the below laws best relates to this employee relations matter?
The Equal Pay Act of 1963 (EPA)
When considering the house example discussed in Module 1 Topic 1 lecture, which of the following is true?
The interior, exterior, and environment are independent
James is managing human resources for a telemarketing firm. The firm recently fired a group of 30 employees across a three month period and two of those employees have filed discrimination suits against the company. James fears that the business may still be at risk. Which most likely explains the concern James has for the business?
The legal consideration because there is concern about the rippling effects of charges being filed
Peter is an openly gay employee who has recently been made to feel uncomfortable on the job. His co-workers frequently make fun of him, direct negative comments at him, and even use profanity at him. They have frequently asked him to discuss his dating life with them for entertainment and they often make cruel statements about his physical appearance. This has been challenging for Peter as well given that he works in sales which is a highly competitive environment with long hours and aggressive goals that each individual is expected to hit. Given this information, which statement below is most accurate in terms of the formal and less formal issues he is facing?
The more formal issue is bullying and the less formal issue is a high stress work environment
Scenario 1: Dynamic Healthcare Company A complaint is made about James, an employee at a local healthcare company called Dynamic Healthcare. James lost his temper at a work party in the office which resulted in him punching a teammate. The fight did not escalate beyond the initial punch at the event, but tensions between the two employees still seem to be strained. Who from the list below would be the most relevant source of feedback for the investigation?
The other employee who was involved in the altercation with James
Scenario 1: Smart Technologies June: Smart Technologies posts a job for an open position for the role of Chief Financial Officer. July: Smart Technologies interviews ten candidates for the Chief Financial Officer position. August: Smart Technologies offers Noah the job and Noah returns his signed employment contract. September: Noah begins work at Smart Technologies. November: Smart technologies notices small inconsistencies in inventory amounts and cash balances. December: An employee who reports to Noah shares concerns with a HR representative that Noah reacted negatively when she brought the inventory and cash inconsistencies to his attention. His aggression has since worsened yelling and requiring her to work all night at the office. January: Through a routine audit, Smart Technologies catches large inconsistencies in inventory and cash balances and suspects fraud. February: A formal investigation begins beginning with a conversation with Noah. March: Critical interviews take place as part of the investigation. May: The company fires Noah. June: he company files formal legal charges of embezzlement against Noah. Which of the following is not true of the time consideration in the above example?
The progression of events was not impacted by time
Monarch Insurance Company provides health and life insurance. The company believes that it is important to promote meaningful values including transparency and collaboration given that much of their business is about helping people. That being said, their insurance associates have very aggressive sales quotas which prioritize individual performance over teamwork. The culture is so stressful that employees often lie about their sales performance to get paid. The company has recently observed an increase in attrition, verbal arguments among employees, and inconsistent performance. When the leadership team at Monarch Insurance speaks to a group of employees about the recent employee departures, the conversation surfaces that the company culture is having a negative effect on individuals including their mental and physical health. The leadership is committed to a remedying this situation. What is fair to say about the role of "influence"?
The values of individuals could influence the company's values.
Which is not true of the scope consideration?
Time has no impact on scope
Which is an example of a below the surface sign?
Trouble sleeping
An employee is caught drinking on the job. You provide a written warning for violating company policy. This can best be described as formal action.
True
Bias is inevitable but companies can take steps to try to minimize it and test for it.
True
Domestic abuse involves married couples and also refers to abuse between an unmarried couple.
True
Employee Relations impacts for-profit and non-profit organizations
True
Good employee relations can enable opportunities for increased engagement, improved performance, and positive advocacy.
True
If an investigation feels rushed it can suggest a careless approach to the investigation.
True
It is more common now that before for individuals to have two generation dependents.
True
Self-esteem can be defined as the extent to which an individual believes him or herself to be capable, sufficient, and worthy.
True
Substance abuse is considered the use of psychoactive substances even if only used once or twice by an individual.
True
Taking no action in response to an employee relations issue is an appropriate response in some situations.
True
Testimonial evidence is more subjective than other forms of evidence.
True
When considering impact, the cost of a toxic employee is high.
True
When gathering relevant feedback you should avoid hearsay if possible and source feedback that is as objective as possible.
True
When we talk about employee relations we are referring to both negative and positive matters within an organization.
True
Which of the following can lead to insufficient support for an investigation?
Variety, volume, quality,
Elizabeth is a customer service representative. At the end of each service call, each customer service representative is rated. These scores are then reported on a monthly basis. Elizabeth scored a perfect score of 100% for the most recent month and her manager is considering whether to recognize her with a spontaneous performance bonus of $500. Which may be useful when considering the frequency and magnitude of this situation?
Whether Elizabeth's high performance has been achieved by other representatives in the past and whether her performance occurred for more than one month.
The way you would like to be or who you plan to become refers to
Your ideal-self
You are a dean of a business school at a local university. You have a group of professors who consistently exceed student satisfaction targets each semester. Which of the following could you consider when brainstorming a solution for this positive employee relations matter?
a. How could you build upon the current circumstance? b. How could you ensure that the behavior continues? c. How could you increase the effect?
Mark has worked at Target for nearly 6 months. His family recently moved to the US from Syria where he was a doctor. His medical credentials did not transfer and so he has had to pursue a very different job here in the US. The move has been difficult financially and Mark has had to work several jobs to make ends meet. Mark is quiet and doesn't talk much at work but he is extremely diligent about his work responsibilities. He often hears employees making fun of his accent and religious garb. Mark brings up his concerns about the work environment to the store manager but she responds that she doesn't have time to discuss such insignificant matters. She shares that she is going through a divorce and that she has had enough of complaints from everyone especially men she encounters. One day, Mark returns from break to find another employee searching through his personal belongings. When Mark questions the employee an assault occurs between Mark and the employee. The incident occurs in front of customers and other employees. When speaking with the store manager after the incident, Mark refuses to talk given that he feels that the store manager believes he is naturally violent. The other employee is questioned briefly then released and Mark worries that he will lose his job or be brought up on formal charges. What human considerations could impact this employee relations matter?
a. Mark has financial pressures and high levels of stress in his personal life b. The store manager is experiencing marriage difficulties
The teller supervisor at Monarch Bank oversees a team of eight bank tellers. This specific branch of Monarch Bank has received excellent monthly customer satisfaction scores. You are the division manager and are responsible for overseeing this specific branch of Monarch bank as well as five other branches within Southeast Virginia. What could be considered a solution for this positive employee relations matter?
a. Offer a $1,000 bonus to each teller if they can continue their customer satisfaction scores for the next 3 months. b. Request that this specific branch create a customer training service video to share with other branches in the area. c. Formally promote each teller to a supervisor position and offer them a chance to move to another branch and spread the good customer service practices.
At the beginning of an investigation you should consider which of the following?
a. Select an investigator b. Document the investigation plan c. Identify a temporary solution
Which is true of nonverbal cues?
a. They can be influenced by cultural differences b. They can be controlled through preparation and timing c. They can often times help clarify messages
Which is true of employee relations matters?
a. They can involve a single employee or more than one employee b. They can include legal counsel and human resources c. They can be between one or more individuals and the organization
