management final

Daniel works at an electrical equipment manufacturing plant. He manages to produce eight units of equipment per day while his coworkers usually manage to produce only five per day. In this context, Daniel is the _____ among his coworkers. a. rate buster b. bureaucrat c. social loafer d. whistle blower e. roadblock

a

Feedback is more likely to be constructive when it is _____. a. immediate b. overcritical c. judgmental d. stereotyped e. general

a

Identify the question that can be asked during a job interview. a. What are your hobbies and interests? b. Do you plan to have any children in the near future? c. Have you ever filed a lawsuit against a previous employers? d. What religious belief do you follow? e. Are you overweight?

a

In 2000, the United States imposed a tax on all steel imports in an effort to protect about 5,000 jobs. This tax is an example of a(n) _____. a. tariff b. subsidy c. import duty d. voluntary import restraint e. financial boycott

a

In a recent meeting, the supervisors of a county voted unanimously to conduct a(n) _____, which would provide an accounting of how well the makeup of local boards and commissions reflects the racial, gender, cultural, geographic, and ethnic diversity of the county. a. diversity audit b. stereotypical audit c. employee-oriented attitudinal review d. individual SWOT analysis e. diversity comparison

a

One of the important conditions that a firm must meet in order to gain a sustainable competitive advantage with its capital is: a. the firm's resources must be imperfectly imitable. b. the firm's production technology should be obsolete. c. the firm's organization must be highly centralized. d. the firm's product prices must be high. e. the firm's overhead costs must be high.

a

Reinforcement theory says that behavior is a function of _____. a. its consequences b. conscious choices c. perception d. the situations in which it occurs e. environment

a

The purpose of a _____ strategy is to increase profits, revenues, market share, or the number of places (stores, offices, locations) in which the company does business. a.growth b. retrenchment c. recovery d. divestment e. niche

a

The second step in a retrenchment strategy is _____. a. recovery b. stability c. investment d. growth e. merger

a

An accountant with ____ has the ability to create a budget, compare the budget to the actual income statement, and determine unnecessary expenses. a. motivational skill b. interpersonal skill c. technical skill d. human skill e. conceptual skill

c

_____ are defined as workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged. a. Centralized work environments b. Bureaucratic work teams c. Creative work environments d. Hierarchical work stations e.Homogeneous work environments

c

_____ is leadership that creates a positive image of the future that motivates organizational members and provides direction for future planning and goal setting a. Supportive leadership b. Power-oriented leadership c. Visionary leadership d. Autocratic leadership e. Participative leadership

c

_____ is the process of influencing others to achieve group or organizational goals. a. Autonomy b. Interpersonal influence c. Leadership d. Reinforcement e. Transaction

c

Which of the following actions should a company NOT perform to make sure that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as everyone else? a. Having rigid work schedules b. Actively recruiting qualified workers with disabilities c. Providing assistive technology d. Providing employees with training to address incorrect stereotypes e. Providing reasonable workplace accommodations

a

Which of the following is an example of an intrinsic reward? a. A sense of achievement b. A bonus c. A salary raise d. A contest prize e. A trophy

a

Which of the following management processes is used to determine how workers can perform their tasks more efficiently? a. Time and motion studies b. Workload analyses c. Systems analyses d. Resource assessments e. Cost-benefit analyses

a

According to the Blake/Mouton leadership ​grid, _____ leadership style occurs when leaders show a moderate amount of concern for both people and production. a. authority-compliance b. middle-of-the-road c. team management d. country club e. impoverished management

b

An expatriate is someone who _____. a. desires to be employed in a country other than his or her own country b. lives and works outside his or her own country c. claims dual citizenship d. believes strongly in nationalization e. is unhappy with his or her present residence

b

Nearly all organizations that interact with their environments and depend on them for survival are viewed as ____. a. closed systems b. covert systems c. contingent systems d. open systems e. entropic subsystems

d

The ____ is a decision-making method in which a panel of experts responds to questions and to each other until an agreement is reached on how a specific issue should be handled. a. nominal group technique b. electronic brainstorming technique c. dialectical inquiry technique d. Delphi technique e. feedback method

d

Karl was injured at work when a shelving unit fell on him. Karl was trying to reach an item on a high shelf by climbing on the shelving unit since there was no ladder. If Karl's employer blamed the entire incident on Karl, the employer would be committing a(n) _____. a. error of omission b. fundamental attribution error c. proactive perceptual error d. error of culpability e. reactive perception error

b

A _____ is a purposeful, systematic process for collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job. a. job analysis b. job appraisal c. job specification d. job description e. job validation

a

A court ruling regarding the unfair firing of employees is a development in the _____ component of the general environment. a. political/legal b. economic c.social d. technology e. demographic

a

A marine drill instructor is motivating new recruits to challenge themselves. Which management function is he engaged in? a. Leading b. Organizing c. Planning d. Controlling e. Deskilling

a

A police officer who strongly believes in justice and does not accept bribes from others is operating at the _____ level of moral development. Select one: a. postconventional Rationale: People at the postconventional level of moral development use internalized ethical principles to solve ethical dilemmas. b. preconventional c. conventional d. amoral e. unconventional

a

According to the Blake/Mouton leadership grid, _____ leadership style occurs when leaders have a high concern for production and a low concern for people.​ a. authority-compliance b. team management c. middle-of-the-road d. country club e. impoverished management

a

Kraft Foods has created five global product divisions (beverages, snacks, cheese and dairy, convenience meals, and grocery) and two marketing divisions (one for North America and the other for all other regions). According to the systems approach to management, these seven divisions are examples of _____. a. subsystems b. entropic systems c. functional systems d. schemata e. closed systems

a

Normative controls are created by: a. screening potential applicants based on their beliefs and attitudes. b. evaluating measurable employee outputs. c. screening potential applicants based on their leadership skills. d. placing minimal emphasis on rules and regulations. e. screening potential applicants based on their technical skills.

a

Significant cost reductions, layoffs of employees, closing of poorly performing stores, offices, or manufacturing plants, or closing or selling entire lines of products or services would be characteristic of a _____ strategy. a. retrenchment b. portfolio c. stability d. firm-level e. growth

a

Managing global joint ventures can be difficult because they: a. increase the number of tariffs that have to be paid. b. represent a merging of four cultures. c. help companies to allow nontariff barriers to entry. d. can only be used by large companies that already have an international presence. e. use local consistency in marketing.

b

Materials requirement planning (MRP) is ____. a. used with tickets that indicate when to reorder various inventory items b. used with dependent demand systems c. not concerned with finished product inventories d. used with independent demand systems e. a method for inventory mining

b

The Truck Company specializes in heavy-rig logistics. CEO Amanda wants a comparison of the company's safety performance with other companies and to simultaneously adopt any competitor practices that are found to be superior. In this case, the Lemon Truck Company is _____. a. merging b. benchmarking c. copyrighting d. co-opting e. standardizing

b

The _____ is a measure of the degree to which barriers to entry make it easy or difficult for new companies to get started in an industry. a. bargaining power of suppliers b. threat of new entrants c. bargaining power of new buyers d. scope of new SBUs e. character rivalry

b

The term _____ refers to both the financial and nonfinancial rewards organizations give employees in exchange for their work. a. salary b. compensation c. wage d. fee e. benefit

b

The three stages of moral development identified by Kohlberg are ____. Select one: a. the unconventional level, the conformity level, and the nonconformity level b. the preconventional level, the conventional level, and the postconventional level Rationale: Kohlberg identified three phases of moral development - the preconventional level, the conventional level, and the postconventional level. c. the amoral level, the moral level, and the post-moral level d. the individual stage, the organizational stage, and the industry-wide stage e. the introductory stage, the growth stage, and the maturity stage

b

Which of the following is NOT one of the four perspectives measured in the balanced scorecard approach to control? a. The financial perspective b. The bureaucratic perspective c. The customer perspective d. The innovation and learning perspective e. The internal business perspective

b

Which of the following is an element of bureaucratic organizations?​ a. The owners of an organization should manage or supervise the organization. b. Employees are hired on the basis of their technical training or educational background. c. Rules and procedures do not apply to someone in a high position. d. Tasks, responsibilities, and authority are not divided clearly. e.Promotion within a company is based on who one knows.

b

Which of the following is the least aggressive approach likely to be used by an advocacy group? a. Product boycotts b. Public communications c. Media advocacy d. Picketing e. Class action lawsuits

b

Which of the following statements is true about planning? a. Companies that don't plan are more profitable than companies than plan. b. It helps improve performance c. It involves on hiring and leading people. d. It happens in the last stage of management. e. It focuses on monitoring work and motivating people.

b

_____ is a measure of performance that indicates how many inputs it takes to produce or create an output. a. Performance accountability b. Productivity c. Reliability d. TQM e. Effectiveness

b

_____ is a term that describes a situation in organizations when there is a variety of demographic, cultural, and personal differences among the people who work there and the customers who do business there. a. Cultural advantage b. Diversity c. Cultural proaction d. Affirmative differentiation e. Acculturation

b

_____ is the form of sexual harassment in which employment outcomes such as hiring, promotion, or simply keeping one's job depend on whether an individual submits to sexual harassment. a. Hostile work environment sexual harassment b. Quid pro quo sexual harassment c. Bona fide sexual harassment d. Adverse impact sexual harassment e. Disparate gender treatment

b

_____ is the tendency to fill in gaps of missing information by assuming that what we don't know is consistent with what we already know. a. Attribution b. Closure c. Kinesics d. Defensive bias e. Selective perception

b

_____ skills can be summarized as the ability to work well with others. a. Entrepreneur b. Human c. Liaison d. Negotiator e. Disturbance handler

b

​_____ are defined as environments where the rate of environmental change is fast. a.Static environments b.Dynamic environments c. Stable environments d. Equilibrium environments e. Simple environments

b

​_____ is the degree to which someone is curious, broadminded, and adaptable to new ideas, things, and experiences; is spontaneous; and has a high tolerance for ambiguity. a. Conscientiousness b. openness to experience c. Extraversion d. Agreeableness e. Emotional stability

b

​_____ is the rivalry between two companies that offer similar products and services, acknowledge each other as rivals, and act and react to each other's strategic actions. a. Character of the rivalry b. Direct competition c. Competitive inertia d. Differentiation e. Distinctive competence

b

A company expressing its ongoing commitment to continuous product improvement and premium quality products is most likely to be committed to _____. a. winning ISO 8000 certification b. a bureaucratic structure c. total quality management d. implementing an MRP program e. autonomous work stations

c

According to ____, the most effective management theory or idea depends on the kinds of problems or situations that managers are facing at a particular time and place. a. the human relations approach b. scientific management c. the contingency approach d. bureaucratic management e. administrative management

c

An individual's _____ refers to his or her tendency to respond to situations and events in a predetermined manner. a. extraversion b. personality c. disposition d. locus of control e. motivation

c

As the human resources manager at Hayden Engineering and Manufacturing Corp, Kim had to find effective ways to reward high performing employees and boost their morale during an economic downturn. Which management function did Kim have to engage in? a. Evaluating b. Controlling c. Organizing d. Planning e. Leading

c

_____ is a method in which a company builds a new business or buys an existing business in a foreign country. a. Global new venture b. Joint venture c. Direct foreign investment d. Strategic alliance e. Direct exporting

c

_____ is the set of shared values and beliefs that affects the perceptions, decisions, and behavior of the people from a particular country. a. Cultural nationalization b. Cultural diversity c. National culture d. National mindset e. National diversity

c

_____ plans specify how a company will use resources, budgets, and people to accomplish specific goals within its mission. a. Operational b. Strategic c. Tactical d. Visionary e. Single-use

c

_____ responsibility means making a profit by producing a product valued by society. a. Fiscal b. Legal c. Economic d. Discretionary e. Ethical

c

​A(n) _____ operation does not start processing or assembling products until it receives a customer order. a. make-to-stock b. line-flow c. make-to-order d. assemble-to-order e. continuous flow

c

​_____ is the degree to which someone is not angry, depressed, anxious, emotional, insecure, or excitable. a. Extraversion b. Disposition c. Emotional stability d. Conscientiousness e. Agreeableness

c

​_____ is the promptness and willingness with which service providers give good service. a. Assurance b. Serviceability c. Responsiveness d. Empathy e. Service reliability

c

​_____ teaches employees the practical abilities they need for managing a diverse work force, abilities such as flexibility and adaptability, negotiation, problem solving, and conflict resolution. a. Awareness training b. Diversity audits c. Skills-based diversity training d. Conscientiousness e. Organizational plurality

c

A true statement about older workers is that they _____. a. are more likely to quit, be late, or be absent than younger workers b. typically demonstrate poor judgment c. tend to perform less effectively compared to younger workers d. are likely to show better judgment e. care less about the quality of their output than younger workers

d

Companies are not considered unethical if they do not perform their _____ responsibilities. Select one: a. legal b. ethical c. social d. discretionary Rationale: Carrying out discretionary responsibilities is voluntary. Companies are not considered unethical if they don't perform them. e. organizational Feedback The correct answer is:

d

Environmental uncertainty is most likely to be lowest when: a. the industry is at equilibrium. b. the environment is stable. c. environmental change is maximum. d. environmental resource scarcity is low. e. the environment is least complex.

d

In many companies, bureaucratic control has evolved into _____ which is the use of perceivable measures of employee behavior or output to assess performance and influence behavior. a. normative control b. input control c. concertive control d. objective control e. self-control

d

The balanced scorecard approach to control _____. a. only looks at factors within a company's controllable environment such as innovation and learning b. places greatest priority on the most important aspect of control, the financial perspective c. maximizes the chances of suboptimization d. forces managers at each level to set specific goals and measure performance in each of four areas e. minimizes the chances of optimization

d

The last step in effective planning is to _____. a. develop long-term action plans b. develop goal commitment c. acculturate the employees d. maintain flexibility in planning e. track progress toward goal achievement

d

The two basic kinds of inequity are _____. a. valence and instrumentality b. balanced and unbalanced rewards c. intrinsic and extrinsic rewards d. underreward and overreward e. higher-order and lower-order inequities

d

To use expectancy theory to motivate employees, managers can: a. assign specific, challenging goals to each employee. b. make all rewards equal in value. c. reinforce the practice of granting overreward and underreward. d. systematically find out what employees want from their jobs. e. avoid the use of empowerment.

d

Venus Stores has installed more billing counters in its stores to reduce waiting time for customers. This will help the store improve its _____. a. process loss b. entropy c. satisficing d. effectiveness e.reciprocity

d

When the first cell phone was released, only a few people could afford to buy it. Over the years, mobile manufacturers improved the phone designs and features and also reduced their cost to make them more affordable. This signaled the shift to the _____ stage of the technology cycle. a. discontinuous change b. technological discontinuity c. technological continuity d. incremental change e. dominant design

d

Which of the following is an advantage of the balanced scorecard? a. It eliminates the problem of regulation costs. b. It does not require managers to analyze the external environment. c. It helps managers focus solely on financial measures. d. It minimizes the chances of suboptimization. e. It reduces the need for innovation and learning.

d

Which of the following is one of the three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin? a. change mentoring b. organizational dialogue c. incremental change d. unfreezing e. change definition

d

Which of the following is the first step in management by objectives? a. Developing operational plans b. Reviewing progress towards goal achievement c. Centralizing decision making power d. Discussing possible goals e. Preparing worker schedules

d

Which of the following methods for managing resistance to change should only be used as a last resort or under crisis conditions? a. Arbitration b. Reinforcement modification c. Negotiation d. Coercion e. Mentoring

d

Which of the following statements about information management is true? a. Throughout history, organizations have been reticent to adopt new information technologies. b. Information management is a form of management that appeared with the introduction of computers. c. Obtaining information through information technology is costly and labor intensive. d. The first technologies to truly revolutionize the business use of information were paper and the printing press. e. Businesses are not typically interested in information technologies that offer speed.

d

Which of these methods will work best in motivating employees to increase their efforts? a. Setting reasonably high standards to stimulate employees to make use of their abilities b. Satisfying higher-order needs first c. Relying on the innate value of extrinsic rewards d. Asking employees what their needs are then matching rewards to those needs e. Expecting employees' needs to remain stable over time

d

Who among the following are the secondary stakeholders of an organization? Select one: a. employees b. major investors c. customers d. trade associations Rationale: Secondary stakeholders, such as the media, trade associations and special interest groups, e. governments

d

____ is the phase of a technology cycle characterized by technological substitution and design competition. a. Technological lockout b. Change substitution c. Technological adaptation d. Discontinuous change e. The technological growth stage

d

_____ are the natural rewards associated with performing a task or activity for its own sake. a. Extrinsic rewards b. Physiological rewards c. Performance valences d. Intrinsic rewards e. Motivational cues

d

_____ is a deviation in the form, condition, or appearance of a product from the quality standard for that product. a. Quality underperformance b. Divergence c. Performance breakdown d. Variation e. Aberration

d

_____ is a discrepancy between a company's intended strategy and the strategic actions managers take when actually implementing that strategy. a. Customer inertia b. Competitive dissonance c. Differentiation discrepancy d. Strategic dissonance e. Competitive inertia

d

_____ is a technique of understanding a speaker's perspective and personal frame of reference and giving feedback that conveys that understanding to the speaker. a. Symbiotic listening b. Reflective hearing c. Non-confrontational listening d. Empathetic listening e. Active listening

d

_____ is the ultimate form of commitment companies can make to their workers. a. Information sharing b. Paying high wages c. Decentralization d. Employment security e. Skill development

d

_____ pay structures have few pay levels and small differences in pay between levels.​ a. Stratified b. Graded c. Hierarchical d. Compressed e. Commissioned

d

_____ productivity is a measure of performance that indicates how much of a particular kind of input it takes to produce an output. a. Unifactor b. Segregated c. Fractional d.Partial e. Breakdown

d

_____ refer to discernible symbols of an organization's culture, such as the office design and layout, company dress code, and company benefits and perks, like stock options, personal parking spaces, or the private company dining room.​ a. Organizational relics b. Organizational stories c. Business confidence Indices d. Visible artifacts e. Company missions

d

​Which of the following was recommended by Gantt and Taylor? a. Companies should give higher incentives for better performance. b. Companies should always try and expand their business. c. Companies should cut down expenses as much as possible. d. Companies should train and develop their workers. e. Companies should give more facilities to their workers.

d

A(n) _____ is a direct tax on imported goods. a. import subsidy b. boycott quota c. nontariff barrier d. trade roadblock e. tariff

e

According to attribution theory, _____ makes managers more likely to attribute workers' problems or failures to internal rather than external causes. a. the defensive bias b. closure c. cognitive dissonance d. the self-serving attribution bias e. the fundamental attribution error

e

According to the S.M.A.R.T. guidelines, goals should be ____. a. role-related b. maximized c. synergistic d. unattainable e. task-oriented

e

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, which of the following leadership styles involves being friendly and approachable to employees, showing concern for them and their welfare, treating them as equals, and creating a friendly climate? a. Leadership empowerment b. Achievement-oriented leadership c. Directive leadership d. Participative leadership e. Supportive leadership

e

At which stage of organizational decline does the decline become irreversible? a. Blinded stage b. Faulty action stage c. Crisis stage d. Inaction stage e.Dissolution stage

e

Budgets are a type of ____ plans. a. policy b. strategic c. tactical d. actionable e. operational

e

Companies may determine standards by _____. a. performing an organization-wide appraisal b. adopting anti-competitive practices c. partaking in industrial espionage d. actively undermining other companies e. listening to customers

e

Downtime and lost efficiency are both examples of _____. a. ordering costs b. stockout costs c. holding costs d. depreciation costs e. setup costs

e

Ethical intensity depends on all of the following EXCEPT ____. Select one: a. concentration of effect b. temporal immediacy c. proximity of effect d. probability of effect e. individual commitment Rationale: Six factors must be taken into account when determining the ethical intensity of an action: magnitude of consequences, social consensus, probability of effect, temporal immediacy, proximity of effect, and concentration of effect.

e

Groupthink occurs in ____. a. standing committees whose members are under no pressure to agree b. groups in which members have dissimilar backgrounds c. groups whose members are elected to serve as figureheads d. newly formed groups whose members were arbitrarily selected and who are assigned to make programmed decisions e. highly cohesive groups where there is a great deal of pressure to agree with each other

e

Hofstede's research has shown that there are _____. a. direct relationships existing between type of infrastructures and growth potential b. two distinct methods for dealing with cultural differences--adaptation and continuation c. four factors upon which a company should base its decision to globalize d. no cultural differences among nations in which Spanish is the national language e. five consistent dimensions of cultural differences across countries

e

Managers can use integrity tests to _____. Select one: a. differentiate primary and secondary stakeholders b. assess the ethical intensity of an issue c. force the use of the principle of distributive justice when dealing with customers d. determine which principle of ethical decision making is most appropriate to the situation e. select and hire ethical employees Rationale:

e

Protectionism is the use of trade barriers to protect local companies and their workers from _____. a. copyright violations b. patent violations c. trademark infringements d. international unions e. foreign competition

e

The CEO of Midwestern Sweets is often sits on the boards of other companies to share perspectives. The CEO performs the interpersonal role of a _____. a. disseminator b. resource allocator c. disturbance handler d. figurehead e. liaison

e

The _____ created a regional trading zone in Europe. a. Global Agreement for Transactional Trading b. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation c. Association of Southeast Asian Nations d. Free Trade Agreement e. Maastricht Treaty

e

The _____ determined that companies can be prosecuted and punished for the illegal or unethical actions of employees even if management didn't know about the unethical behavior. Select one: a. U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission b. U.S. Department of Labor c. Federal Trade Commission d. World Trade Organization e. U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines

e

The normative decision theory _____. a. assumes leader behavior can be fitted to subordinate characteristics b. assumes leaders are generally unable to change their leadership style c. states that the situation determines what leadership style to use d. assumes that certain inalienable characteristics determine the most effective leaders e. helps leaders determine how much employee participation should be used in decision making

e

To help companies reduce age discrimination, their managers can _____. a. create more glass ceilings b. recognize that age discrimination is not a very widespread problem c. give additional training to younger workers compared to older workers d. hire workers under 40 e. ensure that younger and older workers interact with each other

e

Top management is responsible for developing ____. a. operational plans b. tactical plans c. appraisal reports d. worker schedules e. strategic plans

e

Transaction costs and loss of customers' goodwill are both examples of _____. a. depreciation costs b. holding costs c. ordering costs d. setup costs e. stockout costs

e

Under conditions of _____, a competitive attack by a rival is more likely to produce sustained competitive advantage. a. high resource similarity b. high market commonality c. low market commonality d. high competitive autonomy e. low resource similarity

e

When Mark assumed the role of CEO of Splendour Inc., he immediately began to make drastic changes to the company's structure and product lines. He envisioned a bloated, inefficient company becoming an efficient, profitable organization over time. He inspired and motivated his employees to change. In this case, Mark _____. a. performed the functions of a manager b. had a short-term perspective c. emphasized means rather than ends d. acted as a builder rather than an architect e. performed the functions of a leader

e

Which of the following is the goal of scientific management? a. To eliminate conflict between workers and management. b. To decrease wages for individual workers. c. To make sure workers do not consider their work monotonous or repetitive. d. To find different ways to motivate workers. e. To find the one best way to perform each task.

e

Which of the following questions is deemed acceptable for employers to ask applicants during the selection process? a. Are you a United States citizen? b. Do you smoke or use tobacco products? c. Have you ever filed a lawsuit against an employer? d. Do you have children? e. Have you ever been convicted of a crime?

e

Which of the following statements about service recovery is true? a. Service recovery is different from performing heroic services that far surpasses the expectations of dissatisfied customers. b. Service recovery refers to restoring customer satisfaction to strongly dissatisfied customer c. Service recovery decreases the cost of selecting and hiring service workers who are capable of solving problems and dealing with irate customers. d. Service recovery requires service employees to only fix whatever mistake was made. e. Service recovery can be achieved through empowering service employees to make decisions that quickly solve customer problems.

e

Which of the following statements best describe managers in the monitor role? a. They adapt themselves, their subordinates, and their units to change. b. They need to respond to pressures and problems so severe that they demand immediate attention and action. c. They share information with people outside their departments or companies. d. They motivate and encourage workers to accomplish organizational objectives. e. They receive a great deal of unsolicited information because of their personal contacts.

e

Why is it often difficult for an employee to assume the role of whistleblower? Select one: a. Because of organizational decentralization b. Because managers have such broad spans of management c. Because of the U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines d. Because of employee empowerment e. Because of the lack of company action on their complaints

e

____ is a systematic process of defining problems, evaluating alternatives, and choosing optimal solutions. a. Multivariable selection b. Problem identification c. Benchmarking d. Keystoning e. Rational decision making

e

____ is the set of key values, beliefs, and attitudes shared by members of an organization. a. Internal environment b. Business confidence indice c. Organizational strategy d. Industry code of ethics e. Organizational culture

e

_____ are a basis of comparison for measuring the extent to which organizational performance is satisfactory or unsatisfactory. a. Outcomes b. Estimations c. Strategies d. Methodologies e. Standards

e

_____ are calculations typically used to track a business's liquidity , efficiency, and profitability over time compared to other businesses in its industry. a. Adminstrative ratios b. Operations ratios c. Personnel ratios d. Marketing ratios e. Financial ratios

e

_____ ask raters to rate the frequency with which workers perform specific behaviors representative of the job dimensions that are critical to successful job performance. a. Objective performance measures b. Observational research studies c. Trait rating scales d. Graphic rating scales e. Behavioral observation scales

e

_____ consists of the strategic actions that a company takes to return to a growth strategy. a. Differentiation b. Stability c. Focus d. Portfolio e. Recovery

e

_____ control is top-down control in which managers try to influence employee behavior by rewarding or punishing employees for compliance or noncompliance with organizational policies, rules, and procedures. a. Objective b. Administrative c. Concertive d. Normative e. Bureaucratic

e

_____ is choosing a goal and developing a method or strategy to achieve a goal.​ a. Leading b. Organizing c. Commanding d. Coordinating e. Planning

e

_____ is feedback that is disapproving without any intention of being helpful and almost always causes a negative or defensive reaction in the recipient. a. Bureaucratic feedback b. Judgmental feedback c. Unsolicited feedback d. Administrative feedback e. Destructive feedback

e

_____ inventories are partially finished goods consisting of assembled component parts. a. Raw material b. Setup c. Average aggregate d. Finished goods e.Work-in-process

E

The employees in Henderson Inc. have the freedom to plan their own schedules and are empowered to make decisions. The employees also believe in sharing common goals and striving for improving product quality. The managers have high levels of trust in their employees and foster team work. These beliefs and attitudes constitute Henderson's _____. a. organizational culture b. cognitive maps c. industry environment d. business confidence indices e. general environment

a

The most important factor in an attractive business climate is the _____. a. easy access to growing markets b. high competition among companies c. presence of established markets d. limited infrastructure e. high political risks

a

The term _____ refers to the overall organizational strategy that addresses the question "What business or businesses are we in or should we be in?" a. corporate-level strategy b. industry-level strategy c. operations strategy d. portfolio strategy e. firm-level strategy

a

The two general kinds of trade barriers are _____. a. tariff barriers and nontariff barriers b. voluntary and involuntary barriers c. government import standards and industry import standards d. nationalistic and geocentric barriers e. qualitative and quantitative barriers

a

Treating people differently because of how old they are refers to _____. a. Age discrimination b. Sex discrimination c. Racial discrimination d. Ethnic discrimination e. Disability discrimination

a

Which of the adaptive strategies tends to result in the poorest performance? a. Reactors b. Analyzers c. Defenders d. Niche marketers e. Prospectors

a

Which of the following should managers do in order to minimize the problems inherent in firing employees? a. They should give employees a chance to change their behavior before firing them. b. They should only verbally report the reason for the firing to the human resource department. c. They should avoid firing employees in private. d. They should fire employees for all reasons, even if they are not job related. e. They should refrain from warning employees before they are fired.

a

Which of the following statements is true about the compression approach to managing innovation? a. It is used during periods of incremental change. b. It aims at developing a new dominant design. c. It is used during periods of discontinuous change. d. It involves the general strategy of building something new. e. It is used during periods of uncertainty.

a

Which skill is needed to get employees to participate in competitive situations? a. Motivation to manage b. Decisional skill c. Technical capability d. Intrapersonal knowledge e. Conceptual skills

a

____ is defined as getting work done through others. a:. Management b: Divestment c: Consulting d: Strategizing e: Deskilling

a

____ is the emotional reaction that can occur when disagreements become personal rather than professional. a. A-type conflict b. Norm disruption c. Organizational disharmony d. Emotive empowerment e. C-type conflict

a

_____ are any groups that can influence or be influenced by the company and can affect public perceptions about its socially responsible behavior. a. Secondary stakeholders b. Covert stakeholders c. Preliminary stakeholders d. Conventional stakeholders e. Reactive stakeholders

a

_____ are two kinds of cooperative contracts. a. Franchising and licensing b. Direct investment and indirect investment c. Licensing and joint ventures d. Joint ventures and strategies alliances e. Direct exporting and indirect exporting

a

_____ can increase the frequency of a particular behavior. a. Positive reinforcement b. Referent power c. Punishment d. Extinction e. Underreward

a

_____ consists of differences such as personality and attitudes that are learned only through extended interaction with others and are communicated through verbal and nonverbal behaviors. a. Deep-level diversity b. Organizational plurality c. Behavioral diversity d. Surface-level diversity e. Ego-driven heterogeneity

a

_____ integrity tests indirectly estimate employee honesty by measuring psychological traits. a. Personality-based b. Attitudinal c. Covert d. Psychographic-based e. Overt

a

_____ is a method of gathering information about performance deficiencies after they occur. a. Feedback control b. Concurrent control c. Preventive control d. Predictive control e. Preemptive control

a

_____ is also called avoidance learning. a. Negative reinforcement b. Positive reinforcement c. Punishment d. Intermittent reinforcement e. Extinction

a

_____ is intentional discrimination that occurs when people are purposefully not given the same hiring, promotion, or membership opportunities because of their race, sex, age, ethnic group, national origin, or religious beliefs. a. Disparate treatment b. Inequitable discrimination c. Deliberate negative reinforcement d. The four-fifths rule e. Dysfunctional turnover

a

_____ is the number of times per year that a company sells its average inventory. a. Inventory turnover b. Stock rollover c. The ratio of inputs to outputs d. The average inventory replacement cycle e. Average aggregate inventory

a

_____ strategy is a corporate-level strategy that minimizes risk by diversifying investment among various businesses or product lines. a. Portfolio b. Deskilling c. Grand d. Divesting e. Industry

a

​_____ is defined as a firm's purpose or reason for existing. a. Company mission b. Organizational culture c. Business commission d. Cognitive map e. Business confidence indices

a

A technology cycle occurs whenever there are major advances or changes in the _____ in a field or discipline. a. structure or personnel requirements b. knowledge, tools, and techniques c. internal resource environment d. way information is retrieved e. human, technical, and conceptual skills needed

b

A violation of the _____ used by the courts and federal agencies to determine whether there is evidence of adverse impact occurs when the members of a particular race, sex, or ethnic group are unintentionally harmed or disadvantaged because they are hired, promoted, or trained (or any other employment decision) at substantially lower rates than others. a. disparate treatment rule b. 80 percent rule c. dysfunctional turnover rule d. dominant minority rule e. two-fifths rule

b

According to Henri Fayol, _____ is monitoring progress toward goal achievement and taking corrective action when needed​. a. planning b. controlling c. organizing d. compromising e. leading

b

According to Mintzberg, managers in the _____ role perform ceremonial duties like greeting company visitors, speaking at the opening of a new facility, or representing the company at a community luncheon to support local charities. a. monitor b. figurehead c. liaison d. spokesperson e. disseminator

b

All of the following are important factors in the creation of an ethical business climate EXCEPT ____. Select one: a. top management's active involvement in an ethics training program b. official approval of a company's ethics code by government regulators Rationale: Government regulators do not play a role in establishing an ethical business climate. c. a reporting system that encourages whistleblowers to report potential ethics violations d. personal examples set by company management e. fair but consistent punishment of violators Feedback The correct answer is:

b

_____ focuses on the psychological and social aspects of work. a. Operations management b. Scientific management c. Human relations management d. Systems management e. Bureaucratic management

c

Every day, thousands of workers work in hazardous conditions to make clothes for Freeline Fashions, a clothing store. Every year, at least a thousand workers get injured because of their hazardous factory conditions. When this was brought to the notice of people by the media, the company's annual sales dropped by fifty percent. This is an example of how ____ stakeholders can influence organizational strategy. Select one: a. situational b. transactional c. secondary Rationale: Secondary stakeholders are important because they can affect public perceptions and opinions about socially responsible behavior. d. covert e. functional

c

Formal project review points used to assess progress and performance are called _____. a. change forces b. dominant designs c. milestones d. change agents e. prototypes

c

In Fiedler's contingency theory, the term _____ refers to the degree to which leaders are able to hire, fire, reward, and punish workers. a. task structure b. situational favorableness c. position power d. initiating structure e. authority-compliance

c

In the _____ stage of organizational decline, cutbacks and layoffs will have reduced the level of talent among employees. a. inaction b. dissolution c. crisis d. faulty action e. blinded

c

In the context of managing change, _____ forces support the status quo. a. Autonomous b. Generational c. Resistance d. Experiential e. Dialectical

c

The _____ approach is an advocacy group tactic that relies on voluntary participation by the news media and the advertising industry to send out the advocacy group's message.​ a. media advocacy b. industry regulations c. public communications d. environmental scanning e. product boycott

c

The _____ interview uses only standardized, job-related interview questions that are prepared ahead of time so that all candidates are asked the same questions. a. informal b. piecework c. structured d. unconventional e. scripted

c

The _____ is an organization's set of procedures, rules, and policies. a. situational favorableness b. primary work group c. formal authority system d. locus of control e. position power

c

The term ____ refers to the events and trends inside an organization that affect management, employees, and the organizational culture. a. general environment b. industry environment c. internal environment d. competitive environment e. industry regulation

c

Which of the following does a Gantt chart visually indicate? a. The hierarchy existing in an organization b. The performance of each employee c.The time in which each task should be completed for a project d. The profits and losses incurred by the various projects in an organization e. The resources required to perform different tasks

c

Which of the following is NOT an example of a diversity principle that will help managers do a better job of managing company diversity? a. Treat group differences as important but not special. b. Find the common ground. c. Tailor opportunities to groups and not individuals. d. Set high but realistic goals. e. Follow and enforce federal and state laws regarding equal opportunity employment.

c

Which of the following is most relevant to the internal perspective of the balanced scorecard? a. Waste and pollution b. Customer defections c. Total quality management d. Product substitution e. Economic value added

c

Which of the following results in the greatest minimization of waste? a. Waste treatment b. Waste disposal c. Waste prevention and reduction d. Waste segregation and incineration e. Recycle and reuse

c

____ is based on an exchange process, in which followers are rewarded for good performance and punished for poor performance. a. Charismatic leadership b. Transformational leadership c. Transactional leadership d. Participative leadership e. Supportive leadership

c

_____ can be best defined as the process of finding, developing, and keeping the right people to form a qualified work force. a. Work force forecasting b. Employee recruiting c. Human resource management d. Functional resource planning e. Human resource implementation

c

_____ communication encourages lower-level managers and employees to participate in organizational decision making. a. Kinesic b. Horizontal c. Upward d. Downward e. Informal

c

_____ is the most important factor in determining the success or failure of an international assignment. a. The similarity of a foreign language to an expatriate's native language b. The willingness of an expatriate to accept a foreign assignment c. The amount of language training provided to an expatriate d. The amount of cross-cultural training provided to an expatriate e. The willingness of an expatriate's spouse and family to adjust to a foreign culture

e

_____ is unintentional discrimination that occurs when members of a particular race, sex, or ethnic group are unintentionally harmed or disadvantaged because they are hired, promoted, or trained (or any other employment decision) at substantially lower rates than others. a. Demographic discrimination b. Unsolicited discrimination c. Bona fide discrimination d. Disparate treatment e. Adverse impact

e

_____ occurs when customers purchase new technologies to replace older technologies. a. Incremental environmental change b. Transition management c. Entropy d. Organizational synergy e. Technological substitution

e

_____ plans are the day-to-day plans for producing or delivering the organization's products and services. a. Strategic b. Single-use c. Tactical d. Standing e. Operational

e

______ are the assets, capabilities, processes, information, and knowledge that an organization uses to improve its effectiveness and efficiency, to create and sustain competitive advantage, and to fulfill a need or solve a problem. a. Competitive advantages b. Strategic stances c. Grand strategies d. Distinctive competencies e. Resources

e

​_____refers to identifying and addressing customer needs, trends, and issues before they occur. a. Reactive monitoring b. Customer inertia c. Discreet customer care d. Demand analysis e. Proactive monitoring

e