March 23
Which of the following are most likely to result in prerenal failure?
Failing heart with decrease in blood pressure
A nurse is speaking to a patient who will be receiving hemodialysis. Which of the following is accurate information for the nurse to share?
Hemodialysis is done three times per week for four to six hours
A nursing student is wondering why hospitalized patients are at an increased risk for urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which of the following is the proper explanation?
Hospitalized patients have increased catheter usage
A patient is to undergo renal ultrasound. Which of the following is the test most likely used to assess?
Hydronephrosis
A patient with emphysema is being assessed. Which of the following is an expected finding?
Hyperresonance on percussion of the lungs
Azotemia is noted on a patient's file. Serum values will likely show which of the following?
Increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
A patient with asthma completes a spirometry test and is then given a bronchodilator and a second spirometry test. What is the expected result for the second spirometry test?
Increased forced expiratory volume (FEV) 1.0
A patient complains that she feels she must urinate three times an hour or more. She says urinating helps relieve the discomfort she feels. But she says this is disrupting her life. Which of the following disorders is most likely present?
Interstitial cystitis
A patient is taking a nephrotoxic drug. Which type of renal dysfunction is the nurse most likely concerned about developing?
Intrarenal
On the following image, indicate the location for pyelonephritis.
Pyelonephritis is infection in the renal pelvis
A patient with primary hyperparathyroidism may be at increased risk for which of the following?
Renal calculi
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is recorded as 12 ml/min. What is the correct interpretation by the nurse?
Renal function indicates stage 5 CRF
A patient is having a severe asthma attack. Which of the following may be elevated?
Respiratory rate
A patient is at the emergency department with a severe asthma attack, with decreasing oxygen levels, increasing dyspnea and profound wheezing. The best rescue medication option for such a severe attack is which of the following?
Short-acting beta agonists, epinephrine, and corticosteriods
A woman suffering from interstitial cystitis is looking for advice on how to improve her condition. Which of the following foods may the nurse suggest the patient avoid? Select all that apply.
Spicy foods Coffee Tomatoes
Which of the following statements may alert the nurse that a patient is suffering from a urinary tract infection?
"I feel pain when I go to the bathroom"
The kidneys receive 20% of the cardiac output at rest. If cardiac output is 5 liters per minute, how much blood flow do the kidneys receive in liters per minute? Enter numeral only.
1
A 50 year old man has smoked for 30 years, 1.5 packs per day. What is the smoking pack history for this individual expressed pack/years?
45
A young male, age 19 years, presents with a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which of the following shows correct understanding by the nurse?
A UTI is uncommon is a young male. Further evaluation is needed
A mother is wondering how her son developed asthma, as everyone in the family is in "good health". Which of the following would be correct for the nurse to state is the number one cause of asthma?
Allergies
Of the following patients a nurse is charged for treating, who is most likely to suffer a urinary tract infection?
Adult woman of childbearing age
A patient wants to know what "apnea" means, as he has been diagnosed with sleep apnea. Which of the following response by the nurse is appropriate?
Apnea is cessation of breathing, which you experience during your sleep for brief moments
A nurse is asked to look at the laboratory values to see whether a patient's kidney function has changed. Which of the following will the nurse examine?
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) levels
A male patient, age 72 years, presents with complaints of urinary outflow problems. Which of the following does the clinician consider to be the most likely cause?
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
A urine sample is pink and foamy. Which factors are likely present? Select all that apply.
Blood Protein
A renal patient presents with edema. What may be the primary cause of this edema?
Decreased serum albumin due to renal loss
A nurse educator is speaking to students about a pulmonary condition that results in chronic bronchodilation. Which of the following conditions is he speaking about?
Bronchiectasis
A patient is prescribed a beta-2 agonist for pulmonary issues. Which of the following is the purpose of the prescription?
Bronchodilation
When kidney functions begins to decline, which of the following may the nurse expect to see?
Decreased serum creatinine clearance
A patient passes a kidney stone. What is the most likely composition of the stone?
Calcium
A chest x-ray reveals hyperinflation of the lungs, increase anterior-posterior chest wall dimensions, and flattened diaphragm. Which of the following conditions does a nurse suspect?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
A clinician has ordered an assessment of alpha-antitrypsin (AAT)-1 levels. The values came back much lower than normal. What condition may the patient have increased risk of developing?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
A nurse suspects urosepsis in a patient under her care. Which signs and symptoms is she observing that may indicate urosepsis? Select all that apply.
Confusion Fever Disorientation
A patient states that she heard on TV show that a certain type of juice can help with urinary tract infections. What juice does the nurse think the patient is referring to?
Cranberry
A patient presents with consistently low hemoglobin saturation. This may result in which of the following appearing?
Cyanosis
The patient is diagnosed with chronic bronchitis. Which of the following are signs and symptoms of this disorder? Select all that apply.
Cyanosis Clubbing of the fingers Wheezing
A patient has unexplained hematuria with no pain. Which diagnostic follow-through may be most helpful?
Cystoscopy
Which of the following changes in pulmonary function is likely to occur in a patient with pulmonary fibrosis?
Decreased lung compliance
Which of the following patients under a nurse's care is most at risk for urosepsis?
Elderly woman with indwelling catheter
Assessment of a patient reveals markedly increased anterior-posterior dimension of the chest wall. Which of the following disorders is most likely to contribute to this alteration?
Emphysema
A nursing student is studying for an examination. Which of the following should she list in her notes as factors the kidneys release? Select all that apply.
Erythropoietin (EPO) Renin
Urine specimens are cultured to determine the causative organism. Which organism does the nurse expect the specimen to be positive for?
Escherichia coli
A patient is taking a medication for asthma, which is a beta-2 agonist. The patient wants to know the purpose of the medication. Which of the following is the appropriate response by the nurse?
It dilates your airways
A patient with severe renal failure may develop osteoporosis. Which factor may play a role in this development?
Kidneys are unable to activate vitamin D
A young patient needs to take medication in an easily absorbed mist. Which delivery method will be used?
Nebulizer
A patient has suffered a spinal cord injury, resulting in a compromised of urinary reflex. The bladder often overfills. Which type of incontinence does the nurse recognize the patient is experiencing?
Neurogenic
A patient mentions that bladder cancer runs in his family. Which signs and symptoms may appear in this cancer?
No pain with urination, but blood appears in urine
A urine culture from a patient reveals a very high colony count. However, the patient denies any symptoms, and no signs are apparent. What is the appropriate response?
Obtain another sample, on another day, and culture again
A nurse learns that a patient has arrived in the emergency department complaining of a kidney stone. How will the nurse likely expect the patient to appear?
Pacing to decrease pain
A patient is being assessed for a pneumothorax. Which of the following may be part of the clinical presentation?
Patient presents with obvious asymmetry to the chest wall
A nursing student knows that certain risk factors contribute to nephrotic syndrome. Which patient listed below has the greatest risk of developing nephrotic syndrome?
Patient with diabetes mellitus
Which of the following disorders does the image depict?
Pneumothorax (The X-ray shows the lung collapsed away from the interior of the chest wall)
A nurse is reviewing how heart failure may develop due to pulmonary issues. Please place the following events in the proper order.
Poor pulmonary function Decreased pulmonary oxygen levels Pulmonary vasoconstriction Increased workload on the right ventricle Right ventricular hypertrophy
Place in order the sequence of events leading to oxygen titration in COPD patients
Poor pulmonary gas exchange Prolonged hypercapnia Resetting of chemoreceptors to higher carbon dioxide levels Oxygen, levels, rather than carbon dioxide, serves as signal for ventilation
A patient has developed hydronephrosis. What type of renal dysfunction, from the list below, does the nurse suspect the patient has?
Postrenal
A child frequently forgets to take his asthma medications and frequently has mild asthma attacks. Which of the following is an appropriate response?
Prevention of mild asthma attacks is important because even mild attacks can cause changes in the pulmonary structures
Which of the following bacterial infections is most worrisome to the clinician in regards to glomerular damage?
Streptococcal
A female patient experiences urinary incontinence whenever she coughs or sneezes. Otherwise, she states she has no urinary problems. What type of incontinence is she experiencing?
Stress
A patient's chart lists the presence of incontinence. With no further information provided, which type of the incontinence is the nurse most likely to encounter in the patient?
Stress
A patient is in severe pain with a renal calculi. Which of the following should be considered for pain management?
The nurse provides an opioid
"CVA pain" is written on a patient's file. What does the nurse expect?
The patient has pain in the back near the lower ribs
In a patient's file, it is noted, "Use of accessory muscles to breath." Which of the following is a correct interpretation?
The patient is using additional muscles with each breath
Looking at a patient's set of results, a nurse noticed FEV1.0 has increased from 63% to 85% after bronchodilator usage. Which of the following is a correct interpretation?
The patient may be experiencing bronchial constriction which is alleviated somewhat with a bronchodilator
A patient's urinalysis reveals the presence of glucose. Which of the following should be considered first?
The patient may have diabetes mellitus
A critical care patient is to receive continual renal replacement therapy (CRRT). What is an appropriate description to share with family members of the patient?
The patient's blood will be purified over 24 hours
A patient has oliguria. Which of the following interpretations by the nurse is correct?
The patient's urine output is less than 400 ml/day
On the following image, please click on the segment name where most reabsorption occurs.
The proximal tubule is the location on the nephron where most reabsorption occurs
Over time a patient's partial pressure of carbon dioxide has remained at 55 mm Hg and partial pressure of oxygen has been at 80 mm Hg. Which following interpretations are correct?
The values indicate hypoexemia and hypercapnia
the image. Which of the following would cause pain with this type of presentation?
Urolithiasis
A nurse is reviewing how a urologic obstruction may affect kidney function. Please place the events in the proper sequence.
Urological obstruction Increased pressure in ureter Increased pressure in nephrons Increased pressure in Bowman's capsule Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Within the urologic system, which disorder is the nurse most likely to encounter?
Urinary tract infection
The following assessment results for a patient are reviewed: urine culture revealed a high level of colony-forming units. Urine was cloudy in appearance and the patient reports pain with urination. No fever or other symptoms are present. What conclusion may the clinician make?
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
A patient has an anatomical abnormality that allows fluid in the bladder to flow up into the ureters. What should be listed on the patient's chart?
Vesicoureteral reflux
Which of the following substances may be needed as a supplement for a patient suffering renal osteodystrophy?
Vitamin D
A patient is receiving phenazopyridine (Pyridium) for a urinary tract infection. Which of the following should the nurse note when speaking to the patient?
Your urine may turn a red-orange color
