Marketing Research Quiz 12

Mack Trucks decides to conduct an experiment to determine if a new oil additive actually results in increased fuel efficiency. They find a lab that contains 50 engines that are exactly alike. Mack randomly divides the 50 engines into two groups — an experimental group (which has the new oil additive) and the control group (which does not have the new oil additive). They pour the exact same amount of fuel into all 50 engines and time how long each engine runs. Afterward, they average the length of time run by the 25 engines in the control group versus the 25 engines in the experimental group. Which of the following represents the experimental design in this study? A) X O1 B) (R) O1 X O2 (R) O3 O4 C) O1 X O2 D) (R) O1 X O2 (R) O3 D O4 E) (R) O1 O2 (R) O3 D O4 A B C D E

B

How can it be determined if an experiment is valid? The observed change in the dependent variable is in fact due to the independent variable. The results of the experiment apply to the real world outside the experimental setting. The results do not account for the effects of extraneous variables. Both A and B are correct. A, B, and C are correct.

Both A and B are correct.

Which of the following statements concerning causality and association is true? If association is found, it means that one variable clearly causes the other. Absence of causality implies the absence of association. Causality can be clearly established by experimental as well as descriptive researches. Causality requires association. All of the above statements are true.

Casuality requires association

________ is concerned with the extent to which the change in the dependent variable was actually due to the independent variable. Representativeness External validity Internal validity Measurement Validation

Internal validity

What makes an experimental design a "true" experimental design? There are no "false" variables. It truly isolates the effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable while controlling for effects of any extraneous variables through randomization. It is performed by a certified marketing researcher. both A and C none of the above

It truly isolates the effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable while controlling for effects of any extraneous variables through randomization.

Which of the following designs represents the Pretest-Posttest with Control Group design? O - C I X O O1 X O2 B X O1 O2 A Correct Answer none of the above

None of the above

Which of the following symbols represents the measurement of the dependent variable? O X C M none of the above

O

A single group of test units is exposed to an experimental variable and then is observed once for their response. This is what type of study? a Pretest-Posttest One-Group design a post-experimental study a static group comparison a One-Shot Case study a longitudinal study

One -shot case study

Which of the following best describes the logic used in the Pretest-Posttest with Control Group experimental design that allows this design to be a true experimental design? The experimental group change (O2 - O1) contains the change in the independent variable due to the dependent variable and extraneous variables. When we subtract from this the control group (O4 - O3), which is the change due to the extraneous variables, we are left with the change due solely to the dependent variable. The experimental group change (O2 - O1) contains the change in the complex variable due to the dependent variable and extraneous variables. When we subtract from this the control group (O4 - O3), which is the change due to the extraneous variables, we are left with the change due solely to the complex variable. The control group change (O2 - O1) contains the change in the independent variable due to the dependent variable and extraneous variables. When we subtract from this the experimental group (O4 - O3), which is the change due to the extraneous variables, we are left with the change due solely to the dependent variable. The experimental group change (O2 - O1) contains the change in the dependent variable due to the dependent variable and extraneous variables. When we subtract from this the control group (O4 - O3), which is the change due to the extraneous variables, we are left with the change due solely to the dependent variable. The experimental group change (O2 - O1) contains the change in the dependent variable due to the independent variable and extraneous variables. When we subtract from this the control group (O4 - O3), which is the change due to the extraneous variables, we are left with the change in the dependent variable due solely to the independent variable.

The experimental group change (O2 - O1) contains the change in the dependent variable due to the independent variable and extraneous variables. When we subtract from this the control group (O4 - O3), which is the change due to the extraneous variables, we are left with the change in the dependent variable due solely to the independent variable.

Select the question that can be answered through experiments. Do adults in the western US consumer more 100% fruit drinks than those in the Northeast? Will one brand name produce higher level-of-satisfaction reports than another brand name? Do consumers purchase more chicken per capita on a retail weight basis now than they did two years ago? Does the average two-person household purchase more than $65 worth of groceries a week? A and C.

Will one brand name produce higher level-of-satisfaction reports than another brand name?

The type of study design that affords the research the most control is a descriptive design. an exploratory design. a field experiment. a sample survey. a laboratory experiment.

a laboratory experiment

A procedure for ensuring that the change in the dependent variable may be solely attributed to the change in the independent variable is called: an experimental design a variable design a procedural design a design procedure a change procedure

an experimental design

A lab experiment is more internally valid than a field experiment. affords the researcher greater control. better eliminates confounding factors. does b and c only. does all of the above.

does all of the above

What type of experimental validity is concerned with the extent that the relationship observed between the independent and dependent variable during the experiment IS generalizable to the real world? internal validity external validity extraneous validity causal validity face validity

external validity

When a variable exerts influence on the dependent variable and is not an independent variable we refer to it as a(an): influencing variable unwanted variable complex variable extraneous variable reliable variable

extraneous variable

What type of experiment involves manipulating the independent variable and measuring the dependent variable in a natural setting? extraneous experiment laboratory experiment causal experiment longitudinal experiment field experiment

field experiment

What type of experiment involves manipulating the independent variable and measuring the dependent variable in a natural setting? extraneous experiments field experiments laboratory experiments naturalistic experiments eco-experiments

field experiments

In an experiment, over which type of variable does a researcher have control and wish to manipulate? dependent variables independent variables extraneous variables exploitive variables reliable variables

independent variables

What type of experiment involves manipulating the independent variable and measuring the dependent variable in an artificial setting contrived to control extraneous variables? laboratory experiment field experiment extraneous experiment government experiment art-con experiment

laboratory experiment

An experiment is defined as: something men and/or women in white coats do manipulating an independent variable to see how it affects a dependent variable, while also controlling for the effects of additional complex variables manipulating an independent variable to see its effect a dependent variable, while also controlling for the effects of additional extraneous variables manipulating a dependent variable to see how it affects an independent variable, while also controlling for the effects of additional complex variables controlling for the effects of reliable variables on dependent variables

manipulating an independent variable to see its effect a dependent variable, while also controlling for the effects of additional extraneous variables

In experimental designs an R stands for: restricted use of complex variables random assignment of research subjects (e.g. stores) to groups (experimental and control) random assignment of treatments to either the independent or the dependent variables the reliable variable There is no R in experimental design terminology.

random assignment of research subjects (e.g. stores) to groups (experimental and control)

Lab experiment are primarily distinguished from field experiments by their manipulation of variables their cost their validity their control their environments

their environments

Which of the following is a good description of causality? understanding a phenomenon in terms of conditional statements of the form "x leads to y." a very casual understanding of a topic understanding a phenomenon in terms of two phenomena occurring at the same time understanding of two phenomena that never occur at the same time none of the above

understanding a phenomenon in terms of conditional statements of the form "x leads to y."

When are laboratory experiments desirable? when the sample should be representative of the population to which the results are generalized. when the experiment's context and conduct are natural so that the subjects behave realistically. when the intent of the experiment is to achieve high levels of internal validity. when the intent of the experiment is to achieve high levels of external validity. Laboratory experiments are never desirable; they are used when field experiments are too costly.

when the intent of the experiment is to achieve high levels of internal validity.