Martini - Chapter 21
11) Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel? A) tunica intimaB) external elastic membraneC) tunica media D) internal elastic membraneE) tunica externa
A
16) Of the following, which is an elastic artery? A) the subclavianB) the external carotidC) the brachial D) the femoralE) the ulnar
A
28) What vessels contain elastic fibers in the walls that are stretched during systole? A) arteriesB) arteriolesC) capillaries D) venulesE) veins
A
3) Capillaries that have a complete lining are called A) continuous capillaries.B) fenestrated capillaries.C) sinusoidal capillaries. D) sinusoids.E) vasa vasorum.
A
36) The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the A) arterioles.B) venules.C) veins. D) arteries.E) capillaries.
A
41) The increase in effective blood volume that results from venoconstriction is the A) venous reserve.B) capacitance of veins.C) vessel mobilization. D) venous return.E) vessel residual.
A
45) A(n) ________ is a bulge, or weakened wall, of an artery. A) aneurysmB) strokeC) vascular edema D) arteriosclerosisE) atherosclerosis
A
55) Which of the following is not a commonly palpated arterial pressure point? A) axillaryB) radialC) brachial D) femoralE) popliteal
A
65) In what vessel is blood pressure the highest? A) arteryB) arterioleC) capillary D) venuleE) vein
A
73) If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be A) doubled.B) halved.C) four times greater. D) 1/4 as much.E) unchanged.
A
80) Each of the following changes will result in increased blood flow to a tissue except A) increased hematocrit.B) increased vessel diameter.C) increased blood pressure. D) decreased peripheral resistance.E) relaxation of precapillary sphincters.
A
84) Which of the following is normally the greatest source acting against blood flow? A) vascular resistanceB) venous pressureC) viscosity of blood D) vessel lengthE) turbulence
A
87) Blood colloid osmotic pressure is produced byA) large non-diffusible proteins in the blood plasma. B) a greater salt concentration in blood cells.C) the force of blood pushing against the vessel wall. D) osmosis of water.E) hypertonic solutions separated by a cell membrane.
A
89) Calculate the net filtration pressure (NFP) with a blood hydrostatic pressure of 40 mm Hg and a blood colloid osmotic pressure of 25 mm Hg. Then determine if filtration or reabsorption occurs. NFP = ________ and results in a fluid ________. A) 15 mm Hg; filtrationB) 65 mm Hg; reabsorptionC) 65 mm Hg; filtrationD) 15 mm Hg; reabsorptionE) -15 mm Hg; filtration
A
90) Which of the following opposes the flow of blood back to the heart? A) vascular resistanceB) peripheral veins have valves to prevent backflow of bloodC) muscular pumps squeeze veins and move blood toward the heart D) blood pressureE) blood pressure gradient from arteries to veins
A
96) Total peripheral resistance is affected primarily by A) blood vessel diameter.B) blood vessel length.C) blood viscosity. D) venous pressure.E) turbulence.
A
12) Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems.A) doubles; decreasesB) reduces; increases C) decreases; doubles D) increases; reduces E) reduces; reduces
B
15) Which of the following vessels changes diameter most readily to local conditions or SNS stimulation?A) elastic arteriesB) arterioles C) fenestrated capillaries D) venulesE) veins
B
23) Which kind of vessel is also called a resistance vessel? A) arteryB) arterioleC) capillary D) venuleE) vein
B
25) The common iliac artery is an example of which type of artery? A) arteriolarB) elasticC) connective D) muscularE) vascular
B
32) Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels? A) large veinsB) venulesC) medium veins D) arteriovenulesE) venous valves
B
33) Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following except A) the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries.B) pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.C) the respiratory pump. D) valves in the veins preventing the backward flow of blood. E) muscular compression.
B
35) What is the correct order for the sequence of blood vessels that blood would travel in the systemic circuit, starting at the aorta?1. venules2. arterioles 3. capillaries4. elastic arteries5. medium veins6. large veins7. muscular arteriesA) 6, 5, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4B) 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6C) 7, 4, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6D) 5, 6, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4E) 2, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5, 6
B
38) The direct interconnection of two arteries is called an arterial A) collateral.B) anastomosis.C) unification. D) merger.E) portal.
B
4) The smallest arterial branches are called the A) muscular arteries.B) arterioles.C) capillaries. D) venules.E) veins.
B
42) In the condition known as ________, the wall of an artery becomes thicker and stiffer. A) arthritisB) arteriosclerosisC) stenosis D) atherosclerosisE) multiple sclerosis
B
46) ________ form elaborate capillary networks within tissues that allow for very slow blood flow.A) VaricositiesB) Sinusoids C) ForaminaD) Portal systemsE) Perfusion centers
B
48) The tunica intima consists ofA) stratified squamous epithelium.B) simple squamous epithelium and loose connective tissue. C) smooth muscle and loose connective tissue.D) simple squamous epithelium and smooth muscle.E) loose connective tissue.
B
5) The layer between the tunica media and the tunica externa in a large artery is the A) tunica intima.B) external elastic membrane.C) tunica media. D) internal elastic membrane.E) tunica externa.
B
51) Monocytes filled with lipid that attach to the endothelial lining in atherosclerosis are termed A) lipoproteins.B) foam cells.C) Kuppfer cells. D) fibrocytes.E) adipocytes.
B
54) A genetic condition that leads to the inability to absorb and recycle cholesterol in the liver is A) focal calcification.B) familial hypercholesterolemia.C) atherosclerosis. D) arteriosclerosis.E) coronary artery disease.
B
60) Resistance is a force thatA) increases blood flow.B) decreases blood flow.C) never changes in a blood vessel.D) acts with pressure to move blood along a vessel. E) is always higher than blood pressure.
B
61) Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following except the A) length of a blood vessel.B) osmolarity of interstitial fluids.C) turbulence. D) blood viscosity.E) blood vessel diameter.
B
62) As blood travels from arteries to veins, A) pressure builds.B) pressure drops.C) flow becomes turbulent. D) viscosity increases.E) diameter of the blood vessels gets progressively smaller.
B
68) The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the A) artery.B) arteriole.C) capillary. D) venule.E) vein
B
69) The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg is the A) venous pressure.B) capillary hydrostatic pressure.C) diastolic pressure. D) peripheral pressure.E) pulse pressure.
B
76) If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90, his mean arterial pressure would be ________ mm Hg.A) 210B) 100 C) 93D) 105E) 90
B
85) The force that moves fluid out of capillaries is ________ pressure whereas the opposing force that moves fluid into capillaries is ________ pressure.A) systolic; diastolicB) hydrostatic; colloid osmotic C) blood; interstitialD) colloid osmotic; hydrostaticE) plasma; extracellular
B
99) Which of the following is true of arteries compared to other vessels? A) Blood pressure and velocity are lowest.B) Blood pressure and velocity are highest.C) Blood pressure and cross-sectional area are lowest. D) Blood pressure and cross-sectional area are highest. E) Velocity and cross-sectional area are highest.
B
1) The muscular layer in the wall of a blood vessel is the tunica A) intima.B) externa.C) media. D) interna.E) adventitia.
C
100) Which of the following is true of capillaries compared to other vessels? A) Blood pressure and velocity are highest.B) Blood pressure and cross-sectional area are lowest.C) Cross-sectional area is highest and velocity is lowest. D) Cross-sectional area is lowest and velocity is highest. E) Blood pressure is highest and velocity is lowest.
C
13) Venous valves are responsible forA) preventing anterograde flow.B) channeling blood away from the heart.C) channeling blood toward the heart.D) preventing blood from re-entering a ventricle. E) regulating blood pressure in veins.
C
17) You would expect to find fenestrated capillaries in A) skeletal muscles.B) cardiac muscle.C) the pituitary gland. D) bone.E) skin.
C
18) A sample of tissue displays many large flattened spaces lined by fenestrated endothelium. Blood moves slowly through these spaces. This tissue sample most likely came from theA) heart.B) lungs. C) liver.D) kidneys.E) skin.
C
19) These vessels may be continuous or fenestrated. A) arteriesB) arteriolesC) capillaries D) venulesE) veins
C
20) What structure do RBCs move through single-file? A) arteryB) arterioleC) capillary D) venuleE) vein
C
21) Capillaries with a perforated lining are called A) perforated capillaries.B) discontinuous capillaries.C) fenestrated capillaries. D) sinuses.E) vasa vasorum.
C
24) Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the A) vasa vasorum.B) plexus.C) precapillary sphincter. D) thoroughfare channel.E) venule.
C
29) Which of the following is most likely to result from an aneurysm in a brain artery? A) hypotensionB) quadriplegiaC) stroke D) myocardial infarctionE) pulmonary embolism
C
39) A(n) ________ is a direct connection between an arteriole and a venule. A) arteriovenule jointB) collateralizationC) arteriovenous anastomosis D) arteriovenule junctionE) arch
C
40) The ________ are small blood vessels that nourish tissue components in the wall of large arteries and veins.A) tunica capillariaB) perfusion capillaries C) vasa vasorumD) vascular capillariesE) cortical vessels
C
50) What is the difference between elastic arteries and muscular arteries?A) Elastic arteries have more smooth muscle than muscular arteries.B) Muscular arteries have larger lumens than elastic arteries.C) Elastic arteries have elastic fibers throughout the tunica media whereas muscular arteries have few elastic fibers in the tunica media. D) Elastic arteries are closest to the arterioles and muscular arteries are farther away.E) Elastic arteries have a larger tunica intima and tunica media compared to muscular arteries.
C
53) What is the primary reason cardiovascular disease affects older women and not younger women?A) Older women are less likely to smoke.B) Older women are less likely to see a doctor. C) Older women lack estrogen.D) Older women are more likely to have osteoporosis. E) Older women lack growth hormone.
C
58) Anti-angiogenic drugs are being used to decrease tumor growth. These drugs work by decreasingA) cell division.B) cell communication. C) new blood vessel formation. D) focal calcification.E) vascular flow.
C
64) Blood pressure is determined byA) measuring the size of the pulse.B) listening carefully to the pulse.C) estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff. D) estimating the degree of turbulence in a partly closed vessel. E) measuring the force of contraction of the left ventricle.
C
70) Clinically, the term blood pressure usually refers to A) arteriovenous pressure.B) capillary hydrostatic pressure.C) arterial pressure. D) peripheral pressure.E) pulse pressure.
C
71) Averaged over a few heartbeats, venous return is ________ cardiac output. A) much higher thanB) somewhat higher thanC) equal to D) somewhat lower thanE) much lower than
C
75) Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance except A) increased sympathetic stimulation.B) elevated levels of epinephrine.C) vasodilation. D) irregularities in the vessel walls caused by plaques. E) elevated hematocrit.
C
77) The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure. A) critical closingB) mean arterialC) pulse D) bloodE) circulatory
C
8) Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue? A) tunica intimaB) external elastic membraneC) tunica media D) internal elastic membraneE) tunica externa
C
81) In comparison to a vessel with a large diameter, a vessel with a small diameter has A) less resistance to blood flow.B) the same amount of pressure as resistance.C) a greater resistance to blood flow. D) a higher blood pressure.E) a greater blood flow.
C
83) As blood circulates from arteries into capillaries, the total cross-sectional area of capillaries A) decreases and causes the blood velocity to decrease.B) is the same as the total cross-sectional area of arteries and blood velocity is equal between arteries and capillaries. C) increases and causes the blood velocity to decrease. D) increases and causes the blood velocity to increase. E) decreases and causes the blood velocity to increase.
C
88) Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) decreases in starving children because A) starvation increases blood pressure which, in turn, decreases BCOP.B) starvation increases the permeability of capillaries causing a decrease in BCOP. C) starvation prevents the liver from producing enough protein to maintain BCOP. D) malnourished children do not exercise, which results in a decrease in BCOP. E) This statement is false; BCOP actually increases in starving children.
C
98) Cross-sectional area is highest in A) arteries.B) arterioles.C) capillaries. D) venules.E) veins.
C
10) In arteries, the thick layer of elastic fibers associated with the tunica intima is called the A) tunica intima.B) external elastic membrane.C) tunica media. D) internal elastic membrane.E) tunica externa.
D
2) Compared to arteries, veinsA) are rounder in a sectional cut.B) have more smooth muscle in their tunica media. C) have a pleated endothelium.D) have thinner walls.E) hold their shape better when cut.
D
27) The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery? A) arteriolarB) elasticC) connective D) muscularE) vascular
D
30) Complications related to arteriosclerosis account for roughly ________ percent of deaths in the United States.A) 30B) 60 C) 20D) 50E) 25
D
34) Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood?A) pulmonary arteriesB) capillaries C) systemic arterioles D) veinsE) arteries
D
43) The condition known as ________ is characterized by the formation of fatty plaques within the wall of arteries.A) arthritisB) arteriosclerosis C) stenosisD) atherosclerosisE) multiple sclerosis
D
52) Cardiovascular diseases typically affect A) young children.B) young women.C) old men. D) old men and old women.E) young men.
D
57) In the bone marrow, new blood cells must enter the circulation through A) arterioles.B) continuous capillaries.C) fenestrated capillaries. D) sinusoidal capillaries.E) venules.
D
59) Distension of the superficial veins caused by weakened valves is termed A) hemorrhoids.B) venoconstriction.C) vaso vasorum. D) varicose veins.E) venous reserve.
D
63) Blood flow to a tissue will increase if theA) level of oxygen at the tissue increases.B) level of carbon dioxide at the tissue decreases. C) veins constrict.D) arterioles dilate.E) arterioles constrict.
D
66) Blood pressure increases with all of the following except increased A) cardiac output.B) peripheral resistance.C) blood volume. D) parasympathetic innervation.E) force of cardiac contraction.
D
67) Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries?A) decreased plasma albuminB) increased blood hydrostatic pressure C) increased tissue hydrostatic pressureD) both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure E) increased plasma albumin and decreased blood hydrostatic pressure
D
7) After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the A) arteries.B) arterioles.C) capillaries. D) venules.E) veins.
D
74) In which of the following would the blood flow be highest? A) a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 2 meters longB) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 10 meters longC) a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 4 meters long D) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long
D
78) The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the A) concentration of plasma sodium ions.B) concentration of plasma glucose.C) concentration of plasma waste products. D) concentration of plasma proteins. E) number of red blood cells.
D
91) As blood travels from arteries to veins,A) viscosity of blood changes.B) pressure increases.C) diameter of the blood vessels gets progressively smaller. D) pressure decreases. E) flow becomes turbulent.
D
93) The resistance to blood flow of the entire cardiovascular system is known as A) severe combined constriction.B) vasomotion.C) vasoconstriction. D) total peripheral resistance.E) systemic resistance.
D
94) Systemic arterial pressure in an adult at the entrance to the aorta averages A) 18 mmHg.B) 35 mmHg.C) 80 mmHg. D) 120 mmHg.E) 93 mmHg.
D
97) All of the following conditions change peripheral resistance by affecting blood viscosity except A) sickle-cell anemia.B) increase in erythropoietin.C) polycythemia.D) atherosclerosis.E) pernicious anemia.
D
14) Venae cavae are the largest of what type of vessel? A) arteryB) arterioleC) capillary D) venuleE) vein
E
22) Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in A) arteries.B) arterioles.C) veins. D) venules.E) capillaries.
E
26) Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel? A) arteryB) arterioleC) capillary D) venuleE) vein
E
31) Arteriosclerosis can lead to all of the following except A) hypertension.B) stroke.C) coronary artery disease. D) myocardial infarction.E) diabetes.
E
37) Multiple arteries joined in order to serve a single capillary network are called A) convergents.B) arteriole beds.C) portals. D) connexons.E) collaterals.
E
44) Points where a muscular artery can be compressed against a bone to control severe bleeding are calledA) decompression points.B) palpation points. C) diastolic points.D) regulation points.E) pressure points.
E
47) After the precapillary sphincter, blood enters a(n) A) venule.B) anastomosis.C) vein. D) arteriole.E) thoroughfare channel.
E
49) What are the layers of blood vessels from outside to inside? A) tunica intima; tunica externa; tunica mediaB) tunica intima; tunica media; tunica externaC) tunica media; tunica externa; tunica interna D) tunica externa; tunica interna; tunica media E) tunica externa; tunica media; tunica interna
E
56) Which vessel has only the tunica intima layer? A) arteryB) veinC) arteriole D) venuleE) capillary
E
6) Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers?A) tunica intimaB) external elastic membrane C) tunica mediaD) internal elastic membraneE) tunica externa
E
72) Blood pressure is lowest in the A) arteries.B) arterioles.C) capillaries. D) venules.E) veins.
E
79) Which of the following statements is false concerning the movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial space?A) Blood hydrostatic pressure forces fluid from the capillary to the interstitial space.B) Blood osmotic pressure moves fluid from the interstitial space to the capillary. C) The osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid is less than the blood osmotic pressure.D) The hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid is largely unimportant in determining fluid movement.E) The net filtration pressure is usually zero.
E
82) Which of the following equations shows the correct relation between blood flow (F), pressure (P), and resistance (R)?A) P = (F × R) × 4B) F = R/P C) F = P + RD) F = P - RE) F = P/R
E
86) Some of the fluid that is forced out of capillaries is returned to the blood by the A) muscular arteries.B) liver.C) hepatic portal vein. D) venules.E) lymphatic system.
E
9) The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called A) arteries.B) arterioles.C) capillaries. D) venules.E) veins.
E
92) Edema may occur whenA) the plasma concentration of protein is reduced.B) capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated.C) capillary endothelium permeability goes up.D) the plasma concentration of protein is reduced and capillary endothelium permeability goes up.E) the plasma concentration of protein is reduced, capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated, and the capillary endothelium permeability goes up.
E
95) You can expect children to have lower blood pressures than adults on average because A) they have fewer blood vessels.B) their hearts beat less forcefully.C) their capillaries are leakier. D) their blood is less viscous.E) their blood vessel length is less.
E
