Mastering A&P chapter 1

Match which ones belong to which for negative feedback or positive feedback: -Used for changes in blood glucose levels: -Used for changes in blood pressure: -Used for blood clotting: -Used for childbirth:

-Used for changes in blood glucose levels: Negative feedback -Used for changes in blood pressure: Negative feedback -Used for blood clotting: Positive feedback -Used for childbirth: Positive feedback

Match the words to the correct sentences: 1.) Endocrine 2.) Lymphatic 3.) Immune 4.) Cardiovascular -A functional organ system which provides a means of protecting us from foreign invaders. -Picks up and cleans excess fluid from tissues. -Controls the body with chemical molecules called hormones. -Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues.

1.) Endocrine- Controls the body with chemical molecules called hormones 2.) Lymphatic- Picks up and cleans excess fluid from tissues 3.) Immune- a functional organ system which provides a means of protecting us from foreign invaders 4.) Cardiovascular- Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues

Match the words to the correct sentences: 1.) Muscular 2.)Nervous 3.) Skeletal 4.) Integumentary -Responds to environmental changes by transmitting electrical impulses. -Prevents water loss, entry of germs into the body and synthesizes vitamin D. -Provides a ridged framework to support the body and stores minerals. -Provides the force to move bones about their joints.

1.) Muscular- provides the force to move bones about their joints 2.) Nervous- responds to environmental changes by transmitting electrical impulses 3.) Skeletal- Provides a ridged framework to support the body and stores minerals 4.) Integumentary- prevents water loss, entry of germs into the body and synthesizes vitamin D

Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex: 1. molecules 2. atoms 3. tissues 4. cells 5. organs

2-1-4-3-5 (Atoms-molecules-cells-tissues-organs)

Which of the following best demonstrates the principle of complementarity of structure and function? -Bones can support and protect body organs because they contain hard mineral deposits. -The liver, brain, blood vessels, and stomach are each responsible for a necessary activity that no other organ can perform. -Atoms, the tiny building blocks of matter, combine to form molecules such as water and proteins. -The heart and blood vessels circulate blood continuously to carry oxygen and nutrients to all body cells. Submit

Bones can support and protect body organs because they contain hard mineral deposits.

What organs go with what system:? -Cardiovascular -Respiratory -Endocrine -Digestive -Urinary -Esophagus, large intestine, rectum. -Trachea, bronchi, alveoli. -Kidneys, bladder, ureters. -Adrenal glands, pancreas, pituitary. -Arteries, veins, heart.

Cardiovascular: Arteries, veins, heart Respiratory: Trachea, bronchi, alveoli Endocrine: Adrenal glands, pancreas, pituitary Digestive: Esophagus, large intestine, rectum Urinary: Kidneys, bladder, ureters

Which of the following is the best explanation for why cells are considered the smallest units of living things. -Cells have the ability to reproduce identical copies of themselves in a process called mitosis. -Cells are highly ordered and complex. -Cells cannot be seen with the naked eye and are considered microscopic. -Cells are the simplest structure to fit all of the characteristics necessary to be considered alive. Submit

Cells are the simplest structure to fit all of the characteristics necessary to be considered alive. Submit

Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is NOT correctly matched: -Gross anatomy: study of structures visible to the eye. -Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region. -Microscopic anatomy: study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye. -Embryology: study of the changes in an individual from conception to birth.

Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region

True or False: -Embryology concerns the structural changes that occur in an individual from conception through old age.

False

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the complementarity of anatomy and physiology?: -Anatomy can be described only by the underlying physiology -Functions occur because of the anatomy that exists within the body. -Anatomy describes the form of the body, which is more concrete than physiology because we can see anatomical structure. -Physiology is more concrete than anatomy, because it describes structures that can be seen

Functions occur because of the anatomy that exists within the body

Which of the following organ systems are involved in the uptake and transport of materials required for life-sustaining processes? -I. Digestive system -II. Urinary system -III. Nervous system -IV. Circulatory system -V. Reproductive system -VI. Respiratory system

I (Digestive system) IV (Circulatory system) VI ( Respiratory system)

Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance?: -Negative feedback mechanisms are functioning normally -Positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed. -The internal environment is becoming more stable. -It is considered the cause of most diseases.

It is considered the cause of most diseases

Which of the following best defines anatomy? -It is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships with one another. -It is the study of all chemical reactions that occur within body cells -It is the study of tissues. -It is the study of how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities.

It is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships

When a baby suckles at its mother's breast the stimulus at the breast is sent to the mother's brain (a region called the hypothalamus). The brain responds by releasing hormones to stimulate the production and the ejection of milk from the breast. This helps the newborn to receive nourishment and encourages more suckling. This example is best described as a ________. -negative feedback -positive feedback -necessary life function -loss of homeostasis

Positive feedback

One of the descriptions below is from the perspective of physiological study, the rest are from an anatomical perspective. Select the description below that comes from physiological perspective. -The skull is formed by 22 facial and cranial bones -The contraction of smooth muscle in blood vessels (vasoconstriction) can reduce the flow of blood through the vessel. -The pancreas lies deep to the stomach within the abdominal cavity. -The chambers of the heart and blood vessels leading to and from the heart are separated by valves composed of fibrous connective tissue. Submit

The contraction of smooth muscle in blood vessels (vasoconstriction) can reduce the flow of blood through the vessel.

Select the most correct statement: -Organ systems can be composed of cells or tissues, but not both. -The endocrine system is not a true structural organ system. -Organ systems operate independently of each other to maintain life. -The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system.

The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system

One of the descriptions below is from the perspective of anatomical study, the rest are from a physiological perspective. Select the description below that comes from an anatomical perspective. -The direction of blood flow through the heart is directed by one way valves. -The extremely thin tissue (simple squamous epithelium) of the lungs allows for the quick diffusion of respiratory gases into and out of the body. -The innermost lining of the lungs is composed primarily of a thin tissue called simple squamous epithelium. -The cell-to-cell connections between heart (cardiac) muscle cells are strong. They hold the tissue together for a life time of forceful contractions. Submit

The innermost lining of the lungs is composed primarily of a thin tissue called simple squamous epithelium.

True or False: -A tissue consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function.

True

True or False: -Positive feedback mechanisms tend to enhance the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated.

True

True or False: -Without some sort of negative feedback mechanism, it would be impossible to keep our body chemistry in balance.

True

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________. -a static state with no deviation from preset points -a relatively stable internal environment, within limits -a dynamic state within an unlimited range, depending on circumstances -the lowest possible energy usage

a relatively stable internal environment, within limits

Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels? -cardiovascular physiology -systemic physiology -cardiovascular anatomy -systemic anatomy

cardiovascular physiology

A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ________. -body temperature regulation -enhancement of labor contractions -regulating glucose levels in the blood -blood calcium level regulation

enhancement of labor contractions

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback? -reducing of blood sugar by the hormone insulin -withdrawing your hand from a painful stimulus, like a broken glass -forming a platelet plug during blood clotting -shivering to warm your body up in cold weather Submit

forming a platelet plug during blood clotting

The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called ________ anatomy. developmental microscopic systemic gross

gross

Which subdivision of anatomy would include the study of individual cells? -gross anatomy -developmental anatomy -systemic anatomy -microscopic anatomy

microscopic anatomy

Which one of the following systems responds fastest to environmental stimuli? -muscular -nervous -lymphatic -immune

nervous

A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions for the body is a(n) ________. -complex cell -organ -organ system -complex tissue

organ

Which level of structural organization is considered to be the highest (most complex) level? -cellular -organismal -organ -chemical

organismal

It is wise to study anatomy alongside with physiology because ________. -anatomy and physiology are practically the same thing -it makes for more efficient use of students' and teachers' time -physiology is only explainable in terms of the underlying anatomy -to understand anatomy requires complete understanding of physiology Submit

physiology is only explainable in terms of the underlying anatomy

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback because ________. -positive feedback is critical to health while negative feedback serves only to alert us to potential health threats -positive feedback provides moment-to-moment wellbeing while negative feedback causes a cascade effect -positive feedback tends to enhance the triggering stimulus while negative feedback tends to return the body to a homeostatic balance or "ideal" level -positive feedback is generally beneficial while negative feedback is typically harmful

positive feedback tends to enhance the triggering stimulus while negative feedback tends to return the body to a homeostatic balance or "ideal" level

In a homeostatic control mechanism, which component monitors the environment? -receptor -effector -stimulus -control center

receptor

Some of the nerve endings in the skin are sensitive to changes in temperature. They are part of a negative feedback mechanism regulating body temperature. These nerve endings represent a(n) ________ in the negative feedback mechanism. -homeostatic balance or "ideal" value -receptor -control center -effector

receptor

With regards to a set point or normal limit, negative feedback always __________ a physiological value to the set point or normal limit. -There is not enough information to answer this question. -decreases -returns -increases

returns

Which of the following represents the correct order in which the components interact in a homeostatic control system? -the variable, the receptor, and the set point -the receptor, the stimulus, and the effector -the effector, the stimulus, and the receptor -the receptor, the control center, and the effector Submit

the receptor, the control center, and the effector Submit

Histology would be best defined as a study of ________. -cell chemistry -the gross structures of the body -cells -tissues

tissues

Generally, what is the result of the negative feedback process? -to control body movement -to maintain homeostasis -to regulate excretion via the kidneys -to keep the body's blood sugar level high

to maintain homeostasis