Mastering A&P: Chapter 11.1A-11.3A

Which of these structures conduct(s) action potentials the slowest? - Purkinje fibers - bundle branches - AV bundle - AV node

AV node

Increased pressure in the ventricles would close what valve(s)? - semilunar valves only - both semilunar and AV valves - AV valves only

AV valves only

Total peripheral resistance

the amount of friction blood encounters during flow through blood vessels

Blood pressure

the force of the blood against the vessel wall

Blood viscosity

the friction red blood cells encounter when moving past each other

Cardiac output

the volume of blood pumped out by one ventricle each minute

Which of these is found in capillary walls? - tunica media - valves - tunica externa - tunica intima

Tunica intima

Which of these will increase arterial blood pressure (BP)? - increase in urine output - reduction of cardiac output (CO) - decrease in peripheral resistance - vasoconstriction of arteries

Vasoconstriction of arteries

What part of the heart's intrinsic conduction system carries impulses into the interventricular septum? - Purkinje fibers - atrioventricular (AV) bundle - atrioventricular (AV) node - bundle branches

Atrioventricular (AV) bundle

Where does the sinoatrial node send an impulse after it initiates the electrical signal? - atrioventricular (AV) bundle - Purkinje fibers - atrioventricular (AV) node - bundle branches

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Which of the following occurs when the pressure in the ventricles rises higher than the pressure in the atria? - atrioventricular (AV) valves open - semilunar valves close - atrioventricular valves close - semilunar valves open.

Atrioventricular valves close

The following activities and body conditions affect blood pressure by changing one of the two listed factors.

Blood Volume: - excessive sweating - blood donation Total Peripheral Resistance: - growth - increased sympathetic activity - high-altitude living - smoking

In the capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (HP) is exerted by __________. - proteins in the blood - blood pressure

Blood pressure

Blood pressure would INCREASE as a result of a DECREASE in __________. - cardiac output - blood volume - blood viscosity - blood vessel diameter

Blood vessel diameter

The net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is the hydrostatic pressure in the __________ minus hydrostatic pressure in the __________. - interstitial fluid; capillary - capillary; interstitial fluid

Capillary; interstitial fluid

What blood vessel do you palpate when checking the pulse in your neck? - common carotid artery - jugular vein - common jugular artery - facial artery

Common carotid artery

Bundle branches

Convey(s) the impulse down the interventricular septum

Purkinje fibers

Convey(s) the impulse throughout the ventricular walls

Which of the following supply the myocardium with oxygen-rich blood? - pulmonary vein - coronary arteries - superior vena cava (SVC) - blood within heart chambers

Coronary arteries

The following physiological changes either increase or decrease blood pressure.

Decreases Blood Pressure: - increase blood vessel diameter Increases Blood Pressure: - increase blood vessel length - increase blood volume - increase total peripheral resistance - increase cardiac output - increase blood viscosity

Which of the following will reduce blood pressure? - renin secretion - increasing blood viscosity - decreasing peripheral resistance - increasing cardiac output

Decreasing peripheral resistance

AV node

Delay(s) occurs here while atria contract

By what pathway does oxygen leave capillaries to supply body tissues? - moving through intercellular clefts - vesicular transport - diffusion through pores - diffusion through capillary cell membranes

Diffusion through capillary cell membranes

AV bundle

Electrical link(s) between atria and ventricles

Arrange these elements of the intrinsic conduction system in the order that a depolarizing impulse travels during a normal heartbeat.

First to Last Element Depolarized: 1. SA node 2. internodal pathways 3. AV node 4. AV bundle 5. bundle branches 6. purkinje fibers

What causes the aortic semilunar valve to close? - higher ventricular pressure than aortic pressure - equal ventricular and aortic pressures - greater pressure in the aorta than in the left ventricle

Greater pressure in the aorta than in the left ventricle

SA node

Set(s) the pace for the entire heart

Which type of vessel has a thick tunica media? - venule - capillary - vein - artery

Artery

Where is the radial artery located? - brachial region - crural region - medial forearm - lateral forearm

Lateral forearm

Internodal pathways

Link(s) between the SA node and AV node

Which chamber receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae? - left ventricle - left atrium - right ventricle - right atrium

Right atrium

Which heart chamber pumps unoxygenated blood out the pulmonary trunk? - right atrium - right ventricle - left atrium - left ventricle

Right ventricle

Which of the following changes would produce the greatest change in total peripheral resistance? - 10% change in blood viscosity - 10% change in vessel length - 10% change in cardiac output - 10% change in vessel diameter

10% change in vessel diameter

Which of the following would reflect the typical net hydrostatic pressure (HP) at the arterial end of the capillary? - 12 mm Hg - 1 mm Hg - 34 mm Hg

34 mm Hg

After listening to Janetta's heart for several seconds, her doctor told Janetta that she has an incompetent right atrioventricular (AV) valve. What did Janetta's doctor hear that led to that conclusion? - a scratchy sound - a loud lub sound followed by a softer dup sound - general turbulent sounds - a swishing sound heard after the right AV valve has closed

A swishing sound heard after the right AV valve has closed

Put the phases of the cardiac cycle in the correct order, starting after ventricular filling. - isovolumetric contraction, ventricular ejection, isovolumetric relaxation - isovolumetric relaxation, ventricular ejection, isovolumetric contraction - ventricular ejection, isovolumetric contraction, isovolumetric relaxation - ventricular ejection, ventricular relaxation, isovolumetric contraction

Isovolumetric contraction, ventricular ejection, isovolumetric relaxation

Which heart chamber receives blood from the pulmonary veins? - left atrium - right atrium - left ventricle - right ventricle

Left atrium

What chamber of the heart will blood enter after passing through the bicuspid valve? - left atrium - left ventricle - right ventricle - right atrium

Left ventricle

Which chamber pumps oxygenated blood out the aorta to the systemic circuit? - right ventricle - left atrium - right atrium - left ventricle

Left ventricle

Which of the following is correct about the filling of the ventricles? - most blood flows passively into the ventricles through open AV valves - the majority of ventricular filling is caused by contraction of the atria

Most blood flows passively into the ventricles through open AV valves

Which net pressure draws fluid into the capillary? - net hydrostatic pressure - net osmotic pressure

Net osmotic pressure

Describe the pressures in the atria and ventricles that would cause the opening of the AV valves. - pressures in the atria and ventricles would be equal - pressure in the atria would be greater than the pressure in the ventricles - pressure in the ventricles would be greater than in the atria

Pressure in the atria would be greater than the pressure in the ventricles

What is the function of the heart valves? - regulates blood pressure in the chambers of the heart - prevents backflow of blood - synchronizes blood flow through chambers on each side of the heart - allows blood to flow from one chamber to the next

Prevents backflow of blood

The colloid osmotic pressure in the capillary is caused by __________. - blood pressure - proteins in the blood

Proteins in the blood

The anatomy of the intrinsic conduction system causes contraction of the ventricles to begin at the apex and move superiorly. Why is this important? - so the atria can finish contracting before the ventricles contract - so blood is forced upward, toward the semilunar valves - because the AV bundle is the only electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles - because the Purkinje fibers conduct action potentials away from the heart apex

So blood is forced upward, toward the semilunar valves

Which of these describes a fenestrated capillary? - typical capillary type found in muscle, nerve tissue, and connective tissue - special capillary type with small pores found in tissue where absorption is important - unique capillary type that helps form the blood-brain barrier - special capillary type found in the liver

Special capillary type with small pores found in tissue where absorption is important

Which of these will decrease heart rate? - secretion of epinephrine - sudden drop in blood pressure (BP) - increase in body temperature - stimulation by vagus nerves

Stimulation by vagus nerves

From what organs does the hepatic portal vein receive blood? - hypothalamus and anterior pituitary - right and left kidneys - stomach, intestine, spleen, and pancreas - the liver

Stomach, intestine, spleen, and pancreas

What term refers to the contraction of the heart? - stroke volume (SV) - systole - diastole - cardiac cycle

Systole

Through which valve will blood flow when leaving the right atrium? - aortic semilunar valve - pulmonary semilunar valve - tricuspid valve - bicuspid valve

Tricuspid valve

The heart is actually (one, two, or three) pumps? - three pumps - two pumps - one pump

Two pumps

During exercise, cardiac output may increase by more than 170% to meet the body's increased O2O2 demands. This increase in cardiac output increases blood pressure. But the accompanying increase in arterial pressure is relatively small—only about 40%. What limits this increase in blood pressure so that it doesn't reach dangerously high levels during exercise? - vasodilation causes arterial diameter to increase in the exercising skeletal muscle - blood volume decreases due to sweating - blood vessels shorten in the contracting skeletal muscles - hematocrit decreases as more interstitial fluid enters the blood vessels

Vasodilation causes arterial diameter to increase in the exercising skeletal muscle

Reabsorption of fluid into the capillary takes place at the arterial end or venous end of the capillary? - venous - arterial

Venous

Isovolumetric relaxation and ventricular filling (two phases of the cardiac cycle) take place during __________. - ventricular systole - ventricular diastole

Ventricular diastole