mastering bio 3

which discovery supports the hypothesis that evolution of the lactase-persistence trait was driven by the use of milk in pastoralist cultures?

Ancient pots used to hold milk are about the same age as the lactase-persistence mutations.

you are a marine biologist. what is the best way for you to follow reproducing corals?

As spring progresses, move north

the goal of crispr technology is to alter which of the following?

DNA

what did researchers discover about the genetic mutation causing lactase persistence?

It is found in a regulatory region (a "switch") upstream of the lactase gene.

Why is the enzyme lactase necessary to digest dairy products?

Lactase breaks down lactose into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the cells that line the small intestine.

When Charles Darwin set sail on the HMS Beagle, what did he and most of his contemporary scientists think about the origin of species?

Most scientists, including Darwin, thought each species was specially created by God in its present form and did not change over time.

How do lactase supplements help people who are lactose intolerant?

The supplements provide the enzyme that breaks down the lactose in dairy products.

As Wallace traveled the Malay Archipelago, he noticed that western islands had placental mammals, like monkeys. Eastern islands had marsupial mammals, like kangaroos. How did Wallace explain this distribution?

The western islands were once connected to Asia and the eastern islands had been connected to Australia. The islands had never been connected to each other.

Based upon what we are learning about the lionfish diet, what is most likely going to happen to Caribbean coral reefs invaded by lionfish?

There will be fewer algae eating fish. More algae will grow over and damage corals.

lactose intolerance in infants is more common in the population today than it was a hundred years ago. why?

Today there are alternatives to breast milk, such as lactose-free formula and soy milk, so lactose intolerant infants can survive.

suppose that a mutation for lactase-persistence occurred in each of the populations described below. in which pollutions would the mutation be more likely to increase in frequency over time because of natural selection?

a population that raises wheat and sheep

which of following is true

populations of bedbugs that feed on humans are more likely resistant to pesticides that populations of bedbugs that feed on bats

you are an epidemiologist with the goal of eradicating leishmaniasis by using crispr in the same way as has been proposed for malaria. what are you targeting?

sand fly vector

which of the following in true?

the bedbug that feeds on humans can interbreed with the bedbug that feeds on bats though they typically don't do so

which of the following does current research most support?

the common bedbug lives with bats first, then humans

what is Crispr?

a set of molecules

which of the following is most likely to suffer the most from invasive species?

a species found only on the island of hawaii

which of the following appears most likely to be true?

as sediment increases, reproductive success in corals declines

why should a lactase supplement be taken in order to be most effective, and why?

at the same time daisy is consumed, so lactase will be in contact with lactose

How could milk-drinking have provided strong favorable selection for lactase persistence?

famine, pathogens, high in fat and protein

which of the following is true around the world?

flora and fauna are more homogenous now than in the past

the enzyme lactase breaks the sugar lactose into which compounds?

galactose and glucose

hey girl

hi

in which country would you most likely find a higher incidence of lactase persistence?

in a Scandinavian country where people historically raised dairy cattle and made cheese

four individuals measured their baseline blood glucose, then drank a litre of milk. they then measured their blood glucose levels at regular 15 minute intervals for 60 minutes. the results are shown in the graph below. which individuals are lactase-persistent?

peter and sarah

darwin and wallace made independent observations in different parts of the world. which statements are true?

- Both collected huge numbers of specimens and realized that individuals vary within species. - Both witnessed nature up close and realized it was a battlefield with massive casualties. - Both observed slightly different species on nearby islands and concluded that species could change over time.

which observations led darwin to establish a relationship between extinct and living animals?

- The fossilized remains of giant sloths were found in places where smaller sloths now live. - The bony shells of armadillos resembled the shells of ancient Glyptodon fossils.

scientists working in the fields of both genetics and archaeology have made discoveries that help us understand the origin of maize. which statements best reflect the way each disciplines work support evidence generated by the other?

- geneticists used DNA data to determine how long ago maize was domesticated. archaeologists then verified the conclusion by dating maize microfossils. - genetics data pinpointed the likely location of the earliest maize domestication, which allowed archaeologists to find fossil evidence of early maize in caves.

George Beadle concluded that teosinte is the likely ancestor of maize (corn), even though the two plants appear very different. What evidence did Dr. Beadle collect that led to his conclusion?

- teosinte and maize have similar chromosomes - teosinte and maize can produce fertile hybrids

After his journey on the HMS Beagle, Darwin made this now-famous sketch in his notebook. Which ideas does it represent?

-Species descend from other species just as naturally as children come from parents. -All species are connected to one another in a "family tree." -All species are linked to one another by common ancestry.

based on this result, how many genes did dr. beadle conclude could account for the differences between maize and teosinte?

4 or 5

what characteristics of lionfish contribute to their ability to spread and become established in new areas?

A single lionfish female may produce up to 2 million eggs a year. The eggs float for up to a month, spreading the lionfish populations.

Why should we not view lactose intolerance as a disease in adult humans?

Adult humans did not consume dairy products until fairly recently in our evolutionary history.

How did the fish biologists determine the diet of lionfish in the regions where the lionfish have invaded?

Biologists examined the contents of the stomachs of lionfish caught in the wild.

darwin and wallace independently arrived at the same conclusion that species change over time. which observations supported their conclusions?

Bird families clustered geographically: cockatoos in the Malay Archipelago and Australia, macaws and hummingbirds in the Americas. Tortoises from different Galapagos islands have distinct shells. The fossilized remains of giant sloths were similar to the smaller, living sloths Darwin encountered. Mockingbirds from different Galapagos islands had subtle, consistent differences. The bony shells of armadillos resembled fossilized shells from the extinct Glyptodon. Birdwing butterflies were found throughout the Malay archipelago, but species differed slightly from island to island.

If using these genetically modified mosquitoes is a success, which of the following will happen in Brazil?

Cases of Zika and dengue fever will decrease.

which of the following natural methods would likely work the best to decrease the mosquito population around your home?

Eliminate all standing water.

you are a genetic engineer interested in using the same technique used in this method to control the anopheles mosquito which transmits malaria. which of the following do you release in malaria-riddled regions?

Engineered males.

if these mosquitos are released in florida and something goes wrong, which of the following agencies will be held responsible?

FDA

which of the following is key to this project being a success?

Following the release of the engineered mosquitoes, the offspring born in the wild will live, but will die before reproducing.

why do we classify lionfish populations near the eastern united states as an invasive species? what suggests that these new populations are not an expansion of the lionfish's natural range?

Lionfish are native to the tropical Pacific. There are no natural water routes of warm water between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.

What did Wallace conclude from observing that the bones in manatee flippers look similar to the bones in a human arm and hand?

Manatees' arm and finger bones are evidence that manatees share a common ancestor with land mammals.

if climate change is brought under control, which of the following would be most likely?

a decrease in ocean temp and decrease in coral bleaching

how does the term "lactase persistence" relate to the term "lactose tolerant"

a lactase-persistent person is lactose tolerant

controlling which of the following from early on would have benefitted the birds of Guam?

brown tree snake

Based upon what we are learning about invasive lionfish populations in the Caribbean and along the Atlantic coast of the United States, these lionfish populations __________.

cannot be eliminated by any means currently known

which of the following invasive species is most likely to be deemed harmful by all scientists.

chestnut blight in the US

What do genes do?

code for proteins

-osis

condition

patho

disease

which of the following is true?

it is possible for a species to be endangered in its natural habitat and considered a pest in another habitat

which of the following is true regarding Crispr?

it works in plants, animals, and fungi

most people are lactose intolerant as adults, but nearly everyone who produces sufficient lactase as an infant. however, in some cases, genetic mutations can occur that make an infant lactose intolerant. from an evolutionary perspective — over thousands of years — why would lactose intolerance in infants be very rare in the populations?

lactose intolerant infants could not digest milk and therefore usually died, never having chance to pass down mutation.

you are an engineer specializing in biomimicry. you wish to engineer a product that works in a similar fashion to cryptochromes. what will your product respond to?

light

tubercul/o

little swelling

Dr. Doebley and his team compared the DNA sequence of maize to that of a number of teosinte varieties from throughout Mexico. What did their analysis reveal?

maize is most closely related to a teosinte variety in the Balsas region of Mexico maize originated from a variety of teosinte that existed about 9,000 years ago

which of following is true?

over time, the bedbug that feeds on bats will likely become less similar to the bedbug that feeds on humans

which of the following celestial bodies likely plays the largest role in coral reproduction?

the moon

Teosinte kernels are covered in a hard fruitcase, whereas maize kernels are "naked." What happened when Dr. Doebley's team introduced maize's version of the fruitcase gene into teosinte plants?

the teosinte kernels were partially exposed

which of the following led to the greatest decline of bedbug populations in the mid twentieth century?

the use of pesticides namely DDT

evol

to unroll

in which situation can just a few genes dramatically change an organisms entire appearance?

when the genes each control the expression of many other genes