Mastering Biology 7

Describe the function of an artery?

Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

_______ is the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle during which the chambers of the heart are relaxed and blood can enter them passively.

Diastole

Which event occurs first during diastole?

The atria and ventricles are relaxed, and blood flows into the atria.

Which event of the cardiac cycle occurs when systolic blood pressure is measured?

The ventricles contract, carrying blood into the aorta, and blood flows into the relaxed atria.

___________ _________ exchanges gases, nutrients, and wastes with the cells in the body.

Transport liquid

Where is the blood pressure is highest in ?

aorta

The _____ has(have) the thinnest walls.

capillaries

Where does Carbon dioxide enters the blood through ?

capillaries of the head, forelimbs, abdominal organs, and hind limbs

Large proteins such as albumin remain in capillaries rather than diffusing out, resulting in the _____.

development of an osmotic pressure difference across capillary walls

The greatest difference in the concentration of respiratory gases is found in which of the following pairs of mammalian blood vessels?

the pulmonary vein and the jugular vein

True or false? The circulatory systems of land-dwelling vertebrates are composed of two pumping circuits: the systemic circulation, which is a lower-pressure circuit to the lung, and the pulmonary circulation, which is a higher-pressure circuit to the rest of the body.

False

What is the function of a circulatory system?

It brings a transport liquid into close contact with all cells in the body

What is the function of the left ventricle?

It pumps oxygenated blood around the body via the systemic circulation.

Why do the circulatory systems of land vertebrates have separate circuits to the lungs and to the rest of the body?

The large decrease in blood pressure as blood moves through the lungs may prevent efficient circulation through the rest of the body.

______ are flaps of tissue that close when the ventricles contract to prevent the backflow of blood into the atria and also when the ventricles relax to prevent the backflow of blood from exiting vessels to the ventricles.

Valves

Organisms with a circulating body fluid that is distinct from the fluid that directly surrounds the body's cells are likely to have a _______ ___________ system.

closed circulatory

The hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells, and the organ where this hormone is synthesized, are _____.

erythropoietin and kidney, respectively

The only vertebrates in which blood flows directly from respiratory organs to body tissues without first returning to the heart are the _____.

fishes

In what organisms does blood flow from the pulmocutaneous circulation to the heart before circulating through the rest of the body?

frog

From the pulmonary veins, blood flows to the _____.

left atrium

From the capillaries of the abdominal organs and hind limbs, blood flows to the _____.

posterior vena cava

Blood returns to the heart via the _____.

pulmonary veins

From the anterior vena cava, blood flows to the _____.

right atrium

Which of the following develops the greatest pressure on the blood in the mammalian aorta?

systole of the left ventricle

Circulatory systems compensate for _____.

the slow rate at which diffusion occurs over large distances