Mastering Biology Chapter 10 and Final
In eukaryotic cells, a terminator in mRNA synthesis is _____.
a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that signals the RNA polymerase to stop
The four bases contained in DNA are____.
adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
First, _____ can allow one gene to produce several different proteins. Second, genes are constantly being turned on and off through the process of _____.
mRNA processing; gene regulation
A promoter is a specific binding site for _____.
the enzyme RNA polymerase
A gene is usually _____.
the information for making a polypeptide
Which statement about DNA replication is correct?
the leading strand is build continuously, and the lagging strand is built in pieces
The information carried by a DNA molecule is in _____.
the order of the nucleotides in the molecule
If you analyzed the nucleotide content of DNA, you would expect to find that _____.
the ration of A to T is close to 1:1 and the ration of G to C is close to 1:1
Which of the following statements is true about double stranded DNA?
the strands run in opposite directions
Which of the following is true of tRNA's?
each tRNA binds a particular amino acid
Which of the following is true about double stranded DNA?
its strands have sugar phosphate backbones
In a nucleotide, the nitrogenous base is attached to the sugar's _____ carbon and the phosphate group is attached to the sugars _____ carbon.
1;5
A gene is a sequence of DNA nucleotide bases that codes for a single protein. Approximately how many nucleotide bases would be required to code for a protein chain that is 100 amino acids long
300
Hershey and chase used ________ to radioactively label the T2 phage's proteins
35Sulfur
Nucleic acids are assembled in the _____ direction.
5;3
The direction of synthesis of an RNA transcript is _____.
5;3
The radioactive isotope 32P labels the T2 phages _______?
DNA
What did the structure of DNA's double helix suggest about DNA's properties?
DNA can be replicated by making complementary copies of each strand, DNA stores genetic information in the sequence of its bases, DNA can change. Errors in copying can result in changes in the DNA sequence that could be inherited by future generations
DNA is considered to be the molecule of life. Which two functions make DNA uniquely suited to this role?
DNA directs the production of proteins, DNA makes more of itself
Early, flawed DNA models proposed by Watson and Crick an dry Linus Pauling correctly described which property of DNA?
DNA is composed of sugars, phosphates, and bases
The molecule that seals the gaps between the pieces of DNA in the lagging strand is
DNA ligase
Which statement is false about DNA replication
DNA ligase adds nucleotides to the lagging strand
Which of the following builds new strands of DNA?
DNA polymerases
The key process for information storage and transfer to offspring cells is _____.
DNA replication
Who demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material of the T2 phage?
Hershey and Chase
After allowing phages grown with bacteria in a medium that contained 32P and 35S, Hershey and chase used a centrifuge to separate the phage ghosts from the infected cells and found that they contained _______ which demonstrated that _____ is the phage's genetic material.
Labeled DNA; DNA
The initiator rRNA attaches at the ribosome's _____ site.
P site
Which of the following catalyzes the linkage between nucleotides to form RNA?
RNA polymerase
In transcription, _____.
RNA polymerase links nucleotides to form mRNA
In eukaryotes, translation is initiated only after transcription is completed. However, prokaryotes can initiate translation before a gene is completely transcribed. Which choice is the best explanation for this observation?
Translation in eukaryotes cannot occur unit the RNA leaves the nucleus, whereas in prokaryotes both transcription and translation occur in the cytoplasm
Which of the following techniques were most helpful to Watson and Crick in determining the structure of DNA?
Xray crystallography
Which of the following events occurs during transcription?
a molecule of RNA is formed based on the sequence of nucleotides in DNA
Which of the following describes a complete nucleotide?
a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group
An anticodon is _____.
a set of triplet bases on a tRNA that is complementary to a codon triplet on mRNA
Which of the following is found in RNA but not in DNA?
an additional hydroxyl group
Who formulated the one gene one enzyme hypothesis
beadle and Tatum
During the replication of DNA molecules, _____.
both strands of the parent molecule act as templates
The function of tRNA during protein synthesis is to _____.
deliver amino acids to their proper site during protein synthesis
Which of the following statements about the genetic code is correct?
each amino acid in a polypeptide is coded for by three bases in the DNA
During DNA replication, _____.
each parental strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a complementary strand
RNA processing involves the addition of ____ to the ends of the RNA transcript.
extra nucleotides
Which of the following terms associated with transcription describe regions of nucleic acid?
gene, promoter, terminator
In the 1950's when Watson and Crick were working their model of DNA, which concepts were well accepted by the scientific community?
genes are located on chromosomes, chromosomes are found in the nucleus, chromosomes are made up of protein and nucleic acid
The bonds that hold tRNA molecules in the correct three dimensional shape are _____.
hydrogen bonds
The two strands of a DNA molecule are joined to each other through_____.
hydrogen bonds between nucleotide bases
In eukaryotic cells, the RNA is processed before it leaves the nucleus. This processing _____.
includes the addition of a cap and tail, which protects the mRNA molecule from enzymatic attack, and the removal of introns
Which of the following statements correctly describes the mRNA processing in eukaryotes?
introns are cut out, and the resulting exons are spliced together
How does RNA polymerase know where to start transcribing a gene into mRNA?
it starts at a certain nucleotide sequence called a promoter
During the transcription of a given portion of a DNA molecule, _____.
mRNA is synthesized from only one of the strands
Which of the following is a correct statement about mRNA?
mRNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm following mRNA processing
Monomers for the synthesis of DNA are called _____.
nucleotides
What effect does a mutation have on the protein that is being translated
prematurely stops the translation of the protein
During replication, the original parent DNA _____
serves as the template for the creation of two complete sets of DNA
A terminator in mRNA synthesis is a _____.
specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that signals the stop of transcription
At the start of translation, where does the initiator tRNA bind?
start codon on the mRNA molecule
Hershey and Chase were able to differentiate between proteins and nucleic acids using radioactive atoms of elements found only in those macromolecules. Which of the following would be found online proteins?
sulfur
What plays a role in translation?
tRNA, Ribosomes, Amino acids, Anticodon
If protein production were an assembly line, a ribosome would be _____.
the worker who puts all the pieces together
Jim Watson and Francis Crick built...
theoretical models, incorporating current knowledge about chemical bonding and Xray data
What is the proper order of the following events in the expression of a eukaryotic gene?
transcription, RNA processing, translation
During the process of translation, _____ matches an mRNA codon with the proper amino acid.
transfer RNA
The translation process requires all of the following:
transfer RNA, ribosomes, AUG codons
tRNA molecules work to _____.
translate mRNA to produce a specific amino acid sequence