mastering biology : chapter 4

which of the following is a function of the central vacuole? a. storing compounds produced by the cell. b. separating the cell from its surroundings. c. working with mRNA to synthesize proteins. d. storing the genetic information of the cell. e. converting light energy to chemical energy.

(a) - one of the functions of the central vacuole is to store compounds produced by the cell -

what carriers instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm? a. mRNA b. ribosomes c. ATP d. DNA e. rough er

(a) - the "m" in mRNA stand for "messenger"; mRNA is the messenger that carries genetic instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm -

the ___ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell. a. plasma membrane b. nucleoid region c. ribosome d. fimbriae e. cell wall

(a) - the plasma membrane is selectively permeable -

what structure acts as selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell? a. plasma membrane b. endomembrane system c. nucler envelope d. cytoskeleton e. extracellular matrix

(a) - the plasma membrane surrounds the cell and regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell -

___ are found only in plant cells, but ___ are found in both plant and animal cells. a. lysosomes; plasma membranes b. central vacuoles; ribosomes c. chloroplasts; central vacuoles d. cell walls; chloroplasts e. plasma membrane; mitochondria

(b) - central vacuoles are found only in plant cells. ribosomes are found in both plant and animal cells -

one of the ways smooth er differs from rough er is covered by a. mitochondria b. ribosomes c. the golgi apparatus d. the cytoskeleton e. the extracellular matrix

(b) - ribosomes dock on the rough er, and proteins are completed inside the rough er -

the plant cell wall a. is very similar to the animal cell wall. b. is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils. c. makes food by converting light energy to chemical energy. d. regulates the composition of the cytoplasm. e. is found just inside the plasma membrane.

(b) - the cell wall is a structure that protects the plant cell and is made of cellulose fibrils -

the structural framework in a cell is the a. extracellular matrix b. cytoskeleton c. endomembrane system d. plasma membrane e. endoplasmic reticulum (er)

(b) - the cytoskeleton is the structural framework in a cell ("cyto" refers to cell and "skeleton" refers to a structural framework) -

what function of a bacterium's capsule? a. protein synthesis b. dna storage c. protection d. propulsion

(c) - a bacterium's capsule has a protective role -

what plant cell organelle coverts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell? a. plasma membrane b. golgi apparatus c. mitochondrion d. chloroplast e. central vacuole

(c) - in both plant and animal cells, it's the mitochondria that convert chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell -

which of the following organelles break down worn-out organelles? a. golgi apparatus b. rough er c. lysosomes d. mitochondria e. smooth er

(c) - lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and break down worn-out organelles -

what name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell? a. capsule b. fimbriae c. cell wall d. flagella e. nucleoid region

(c) - the cell wall is a rigid supporting structure -

where is the genetic information of the cell stored? a. golgi apparatus b. smooth er c. lysosomes d. nucleus e. rough er

(d) - DNA is the genetic information of the cell, and it is stored in the nucleus -

where is a bacterial cell's DNA found? a. ribosomes b. nucleus c. peroxisome d. nucleoid region c. capsule

(d) - bacteria lack a nucleus; their DNA is found in the nucleoid region -

where are lipids made in the cell? a. rough er b. mitochondria c. ribosomes d. smooth er e. golgi apparatus

(d) - the smooth er make lipids -

which of the following is part of the endomembrane system? a. cytoskeleton b. mitochondria c. ribosomes d. golgi apparatus e. flagellum

(d) the endomembrane system includes the ER, the golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles. in manufactures, processes, and transports lipid and proteins. the golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins -

which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast? a. the chloroplast serves as a protein manufacturing facility. b. the chloroplast creates internal pressure for a cell. c. the chloroplast stores compounds produced by the cell. d. the chloroplast functions as the site of lipid synthesis. e. the chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy

(e) - the chloroplast makes food for the plant cell by converting light energy to chemical energy -

where in a cell is ATP made? a. mitochondria b. ribosomes c. lysosomes d. nucleus e. cytoskeleton

(a) - ATP is made in mitochondria -

___ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface. a. fimbriae b. flagella c. ribosomes d. cell walls e. mitochondria

(a) - fimbriae enable bacterial cells to stick to a surface -

in bacterium, where are protein synthesized? a. ribosomes b. nucleus c. peroxisome d. nucleoid region e. capsule

(a) - ribosomes are involved in the manufacture of polypeptides (proteins) -

movement of proteins through the endomembrane system and out of the cell

START - manufacturing (rough er) --> transport (vesicle from er) --> processing (golgi apparatus) --> transport (vesicle from golgi) --> secretion (plasma membrane) - FINISH

lysosome

breaks down macromolecules using digestive enzymes.

___ is all of the material contained within the plasma membrane of a cell, except for the nucleus.

cytoplasm

the ___ is a system of membranes and channels where proteins and lipids are synthesized.

endoplasmic reticulum

rough er

found in both plant and animal cells

cell wall

found in plant cells but not animal cells

chloroplast

makes food by converting light energy into chemical energy found in plant cells but not animal cells

a(n) ___ is a small, hollow strand of the protein tubulin that enables movement of cell structures and is a major component of cilia and flagella.

microtubule

golgi apparatus

modifies and packages proteins.

the nucleus is an example of a cell ___, one of a number of tiny membrane-enclosed structures found in many cell.s

organelle

a(n) ___ cell lacks a nucleus. a(n) ___ cell has a "true" membrane-enclosed nucleus.

prokaryotic, eukaryotic

central vacuole

regulates cytoplasm composition, creates internal pressure, and stores cell compounds.

smooth er

site of lipid synthesis.

nucleus

stores the genetic information of the cell. found in both plant and animal cells

plant cell wall

strong, protective structure made from cellulose fibrils.

the structure in plant cells where photosynthesis takes place is known as the ___.

chloroplast

mitochondrion

converts chemcial fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell.

mitochondrion

converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy (ATP) that can power the cell.

a(n)___ is a membrane-bound cell structure that digests worn-out cellular material and foreign matter that enters the cell.

lysosome

ribosome

works with mRNA to synthesize proteins.