Mastery Assignment 1: Mastering Introduction to Biology Quiz

During periods of light, the formation of which molecules allow for continued glucose synthesis during periods of dark? NADP+ and ADP NADP+ and ATP NADPH and ADP NADPH and ATP

NADPH and ATP

Processes in which stage of the cell cycle are inhibited by Compound X? G0 G1 G2 S

S

Which conclusion regarding the identity of the unknown organism is correct? The organism is: eukaryotic, as the organism lacks a nucleus. prokaryotic, as the organism lacks a nucleus. eukaryotic, as the organism contains only one cell. prokaryotic, as the organism contains only one cell.

prokaryotic, as the organism lacks a nucleus.

Which condition best describes that experienced by cells being grown under anaerobic conditions? the absence of light the presence of light the absence of oxygen the presence of oxygen

the absence of oxygen

Which process is directly inhibited by Compound X? the formation of citrate the production of NADH the formation of pyruvate the movement of pyruvate into the mitochondria

the formation of pyruvate

What is the consequence of the organism lacking a nucleus? The cell lacks DNA. The cell lacks protein. Cellular DNA is not compartmentalized. Cellular protein is not compartmentalized.

Cellular DNA is not compartmentalized

For one molecule of glucose, which event best describes the interconversion of ADP and ATP in Compound X-treated cells? Two molecules of ADP are formed first, followed by the formation of four ATP molecules. Two molecules of ATP are formed first, followed by the formation of four ADP molecules. Four molecules of ADP are formed first, followed by the formation of two ATP molecules. Four molecules of ATP are formed first, followed by the formation of two ADP molecules.

Four molecules of ADP are formed first, followed by the formation of two ATP molecules.

Which perturbation will allow for the plant being engineered to better survive in the winter months? Applying a drug that causes stomata to remain closed Engineering a loss of function mutation to photosystem II Introducing an agent that decreases number of thylakoids Blocking chlorophyll from responding to wavelengths corresponding to visible light

Introducing an agent that decreases number of thylakoids

What would you expect Compound X-treated cells to use? More O2 More CO2 Less O2 Less CO2

Less O2

Which hypothesis is most consistent with morphology of the unknown cell upon being placed in the saline solution? The cell has a low number of aquaporins. The cell has a high number of protein transporters. The cell has a relatively high concentration of water. The cell has a relatively low concentration of solutes.

The cell has a relatively low concentration of solutes.

Which mechanism best describes the effect of the saline solution on erythrocyte function? The solution is hypotonic, which causes water to enter into the cell. The solution is hypotonic, which causes water to exit from the cell. The solution is hypertonic, which causes water to enter into the cell. The solution is hypertonic, which causes water to exit from the cell.

The solution is hypotonic, which causes water to enter into the cell.

For one molecule of glucose, which event best describes the interconversion of NAD+ and NADH in Compound X treated cells? Two molecules of NAD+ are formed, and NADH is not regenerated. Two molecules of NADH are formed, and NAD+ is not regenerated. Two molecules of NAD+ are first formed before two molecules of NADH are regenerated. Two molecules of NADH are first formed before two molecules of NAD+ are regenerated.

Two molecules of NADH are formed, and NAD+ is not regenerated.

In terms of osmosis, which event most likely occurs upon placement of the plant cell in the saline solution? Water exits the cell and there is a decrease in turgor pressure. Water exits the cell and there is an increase in turgor pressure. Water enters the cell and there is a decrease in turgor pressure. Water enters the cell and there is an increase in turgor pressure.

Water exits the cell and there is a decrease in turgor pressure.

Why did the scientists most likely include glucose in the growth medium? as a source of energy as a building block for proteins as a component of nucleic acids as a stabilizer of the cell membrane

as a source of energy

Which organelle is most responsible for plant cell morphology following placement in the saline solution? cell membrane cell wall chloroplast vacuole

cell wall

Compared to the summer months, which change is expected to occur during the winter months in the plant being engineered? decreased levels of water increased production of H+ decreased production of O2 increased excitation of electrons

decreased levels of water

How does Compound X most directly contribute to the progression of cancer? Compound X... inhibits cancer through modifying cell division. enhances cancer through modifying cell division. inhibits cancer through modifying DNA duplication. enhances cancer through modifying DNA duplication.

enhances cancer through modifying DNA duplication.

If yeast cells were treated with Compound X, what would the most likely molecular end product be? acetyl CoA ethanol pyruvate oxaloacetate

ethanol

Which process best describes the activity of neurotransmitters once an electrical signal reaches an axon terminal? exocytosis, which requires ATP endocytosis, which requires ATP exocytosis, which does not require ATP endocytosis, which does not require ATP

exocytosis, which requires ATP

in the engineered plant, how are organic molecules most likely stored during the winter months? cellulose glucose glycogen starch

glucose

Which metabolic processes predominate in Compound X treated cells? glycolysis and aerobic respiration glycolysis and anaerobic respiration aerobic respiration and lactic acid fermentation anaerobic respiration and oxidative phosphorylation

glycolysis and anaerobic respiration

According to the passage, which mechanism best explains the ability of neurotransmitters to bind receptors? Neurotransmitters are... hydrophilic and bind to receptor regions located extracellularly. hydrophobic and bind to receptor regions located extracellularly. hydrophilic and bind to receptor regions buried within the cell membrane. hydrophobic and bind to receptor regions buried within the cell membrane.

hydrophilic and bind to receptor regions located extracellularly.

Which symptom is most likely to be observed in an individual with Ehlers Danos syndrome? improved wound healing increased elasticity of the skin decreased flexibility of the joints decreased likelihood for bone fracture

increased elasticity of the skin

Which ion movements are most likely observed along the axon? inward movement of sodium and inward movement of potassium inward movement of sodium and outward movement of potassium outward movement of sodium and inward movement of potassium outward movement of sodium and outward movement of potassium

inward movement of sodium and inward movement of potassium

What stage of cell division is affected by Compound X? prophase metaphase anaphase telophase

metaphase

Of the following, which process is altered by Compound X? mitosis, which is increased meiosis, which is increased mitosis, which is decreased meiosis, which is decreased

mitosis, which is decreased

Which type of diffusion occurs at the dendrites? active diffusion, which requires ATP passive diffusion, which requires ATP active diffusion, which does not require ATP passive diffusion, which does not require ATP

passive diffusion, which does not require ATP

Which term best describes the plant being engineered? photoautotroph chemoautotroph photoheterotroph chemoheterotroph

photoautotroph

A mutation to collagen-encoding DNA prevents the synthesis and processing of collagen at the step involving which organelle? ribosome cell membrane Golgi apparatus smooth endoplasmic reticulum

ribosome

The scientists most directly assessed the function of which organelle by using the growth conditions described? ribosomes lysosomes centrioles mitochondria

ribosomes

The enzyme responsible for modifying the collagen precursor protein is most likely located where? nucleus cytoplasm outside of the cell rough endoplasmic reticulum

rough endoplasmic reticulum

In order to produce glucose, what is the initial energy source used by the plant being engineered, regardless of season? water oxygen sunlight electrons

sunlight

Which statement accurately describes the synthesis and transport of the organelle responsible for the production of collagen protein? The organelle is... synthesized in the nucleolus and resides in the nucleus. synthesized in the cytoplasm and resides in the nucleus. synthesized in the nucleolus and resides outside the nucleus. synthesized in the cytoplasm and resides outside the nucleus.

synthesized in the cytoplasm and resides outside the nucleus.

Which mechanism best describes the export of collagen protein that has not been appropriately modified? use of a vesicle to move from a lysosome to the outside of the cell use of a vesicle to move from the Golgi apparatus to the outside of the cell use of a transport protein to move from a lysosome to the outside of the cell use of a transport protein to move from the Golgi apparatus to the outside of the cell

use of a vesicle to move from the Golgi apparatus to the outside of the cell