maternal practice questions

A formula often prescribed for the infant with galactosemia is based on

soy

The best position for a newborn to sleep is

supine

A mother wants to know if she can keep leftover baby food in a jar. Choose the best nursing response.

" Remove the amount of food you think the baby will eat from the jar and refrigerate the rest

The nurse can help reduce accidental injuries to toddlers by:

Teaching parents about expected behavioral changes.

Which is the most important teaching about use of the microwave for heating infant food?

Test the temperature of any warmed food on the inner wrist

Select the toy that is most likely to injure a toddler a. balloon b. blocks c. sand box d. pull toy

a. balloon

When asked about her activities, a 10-year-old girl responded, "I like school. I play the flute in the school band, and I take tennis lessons." What does the nurse know these activities will help this child develop? a. Initiative b. Industry c. Identity d. Intimacy

b. Industry

What is the nurse's best advice to a parent about a preschooler's "imaginary friend"? a. Having imaginary friends is a sign that the child has low self-esteem. b. It is common for preschoolers to have imaginary friends. c. Preschoolers invent an imaginary friend when they feel overwhelmed. d. The best approach to dealing with an imaginary friend is to ignore them.

b. It is common for preschoolers to have imaginary friends.

What instruction would the nurse include when planning anticipatory guidance for parents of a toddler? a. Adhere to a rigid schedule because the toddler is ritualistic. b. Limit-setting should include praise. c. Shoes should fit snugly at the toe and arch. d. Dress the toddler in pants with a zipper so that he or she can learn to zip and unzip clothes.

b. Limit-setting should include praise.

A 10-year-old child with disabilities is begging her parents for a dog. When at the pediatric clinic, the parents inquire about possible benefits pet ownership may provide to their child. What benefits of pet ownership should the nurse indicate? (Select all that apply.) a. Decrease the need for physical therapy b. Lower blood pressure c. Improve communication d. Foster trust e. Ease path to socialization

b. Lower blood pressure c. Improve communication d. Foster trust e. Ease path to socialization

What intervention might the nurse suggest as helpful for the child with enuresis? a. Applying an electric pad that gently shocks the child b. Waking the child several times during the night to urinate c. Decreasing fluid intake after the evening meal d. Increasing dietary fiber intake

c. Decreasing fluid intake after the evening meal

Choose the best example of egocentric thinking

"The airplane takes me to Grandma's"

The nurse can reassure parents that their infant's colic will probably not last beyond the age of:

3 months

Which developmental milestone is appropriate for each child's age in the selection below?

Pulls self to standing position at 10 months

What does adolescent acne result from? a. Ineffective sweat glands b. Oily skin c. Inadequate hygiene d. A poor diet

b. Oily skin

According to Erikson, the developmental task if the preschool period is to achieve a sense of:

inititative

Minor head lag when pulling a 1-month old infant to the sitting position

is an expected finding

The primary focus of regular infant health care is to

prevent disease

A child who sucks his thumb is unlikely to have damage to the mouth if the thumb-sucking stops before:

the permanent teeth erupt

If a parent wants to microwave formula before feeding, the nurse should

tell the parent that formula heats less evenly than breast milk and to mix and test very carefully

Choose the most appropriate teaching for parents of a child with enuresis.

the child should empty his bladder before going to bed

Automobile child restraint devices should be used when the child

travels anywhere in the car

The nurse is assessing development in a 9-month-old infant. What would the nurse expect to observe? a. Speaking in 2-word sentences b. Grasping objects with palmar grasp c. Creeping along the floor d. Beginning to use a spoon rather sloppily

c. Creeping along the floor

A mother is concerned because her 1-year old infant who was 7 pounds (3178 g) at birth is "getting fat." The baby now weighs 21 pounds and all developmental milestones have been reached at appropriate ages. What should the nurse tell the mother about her baby's weight?

The baby's weight gain is about what it is expected at this age.

A girl tells the nurse that she and her best friend belong to the popular clique. She states, "I love Katy Perry, and I want to be a singer." The nurse recognizes the girl's statement as characteristic of what time period? a. Early adolescence b. Middle adolescence c. Late adolescence d. The entire adolescent period

a. Early adolescence

A new mother is voicing concern she is breastfeeding her newborn too frequently. How often does the nurse instruct this mother she should expect her newborn to feed? a. Every 2 to 3 hours b. Every 4 to 6 hours c. Every 6 to 8 hours d. Every 8 to 10 hours

a. Every 2 to 3 hours

The mother of a 2-year old asks the nurse whether she should begin toilet training now. The most appropriate nursing response is:

"Does your child ever wake up dry in the morning"

A mother asks you what she should do about her 2-year old child's temper tantrums. The best response is:

"Have you tried rewarding his good behavior?"

A first-time mother is concerned because she believes her 18-month-old son is not growing properly. Assessment indicates that the little boy's height and weight are average for his age. How can the nurse best advise her?

"It is normal for a child's growth to slow down after the first year"

When bringing her 9 month old baby in for a check up a new mother asks if she can feed the baby pureed fish since this is a low fat food that is a staple in the family's diet. The best response of the nurse is:

"fish is more likely than other meats to cause allergies

The nurse assessing a 2-year-old is satisfied to see that the present weight of the child is _____________ times their birth weight.

3

A nurse counsels a mother who is starting her baby on solid foods that she should wait____ days before introducing the next food

4-7

Choose the appropriate age when children begin playing games that have simple rules.

5 years

The baby can usually be offered finger foods such as toast or Zwieback crackers beginning at about age:

7 months

The parents should make safety preparations prior to the time their infants crawls, usually about age:

7 months

When assessing a 2-year-old child hospitalized for minor day surgery, the nurse should expect that the pulse rate will be about_____bpm

70-110

Which is the best choice for play activity for a 4-year old child?

Build with blocks

Choose the best description of physical changes during the toddler systems

Head growth slows and chest growth continues

Why does day care for the toddler differ from that of the preschooler? a. Toddlers have a shorter attention span. b. Toddlers need more group play. c. Toddlers are less prone to environmental dangers. d. Toddlers require less outdoor space.

a. Toddlers have a shorter attention span.

Which is the best description of a 2 year old's speech and language ability?

The child understands more than he or she is able to verbalize.

The nurse suggests the use of "I" messages to communicate a parent's feeling to an adolescent. What is the most appropriate example of an "I" message? a. "I feel frightened when you stay out past your curfew." b. "I am your mother, and I insist that you observe your curfew." c. "I am sick and tired of your staying out late." d. "I expect you to show me proper respect."

a. "I feel frightened when you stay out past your curfew."

The priority need in personality development during the first year is to acquire:

Trust in the primary caregivers

What is the most appropriate advice for the nurse to offer parents who are concerned about their preschoolers masturbation?

Try to interest the child in another activity

What statement made by a parent indicates an understanding about helping a 13-year-old adult manage his allowance? a. "I set amounts he can earn for particular chores." b. "I give him a certain amount of money for each day." c. "I put money into his bank account each month." d. "I told him to ask me when he needs money."

a. "I set amounts he can earn for particular chores."

A mother reports that she has a new job and her 12-year-old child is home alone for a time after school. Which statement made by the parent alerts the nurse to a potentially unsafe situation for this child? a. "I told him that he could invite a few friends after school." b. "I put a list of emergency numbers next to the telephone." c. "Last week we made a first aid kit together." d. "There is a neighbor available in case of an emergency

a. "I told him that he could invite a few friends after school."

A 13-year-old boy states, "The girls in my class tower over me." What would be the nurse's most informative response? a. "It may seem that way because girls have a growth spurt 2 years earlier than boys." b. "Perhaps your parents are not exceptionally tall." c. "Boys usually experience a growth spurt 1 year earlier than girls." d. "You may feel short, but you are actually average height for your age."

a. "It may seem that way because girls have a growth spurt 2 years earlier than boys."

A father is concerned about how long his preschool-age child will continue sucking his thumb. What is the most helpful response from the nurse? a. "Most children will stop thumb-sucking naturally by school age." b. "Over-the-counter treatments that give a bad taste can be placed on the thumb to discourage the practice." c. "Consistently touching the child's fingers whenever he sucks his thumb is most effective." d. "Thumb-sucking is detrimental to the eruption of the child's teeth and must be stopped as soon as possible."

a. "Most children will stop thumb-sucking naturally by school age."

The school nurse is planning a program for girls about the physical changes of puberty. What is the target age the nurse should choose for this program? a. 10 years b. 12 years c. 14 years d. 16 years

a. 10 years

When does the posterior fontanelle close? a. 2 to 3 months b. 3 to 6 months c. 6 to 9 months d. 9 to 12 months

a. 2 to 3 months

The nurse is planning to explain the use of time-outs to the parent of a 3-year-old child. How many minutes will the nurse indicate is appropriate for a child of this age? a. 3 b. 6 c. 10 d. 15

a. 3

The parent of a 3-month-old infant asks the nurse, "At what age do infants usually begin drinking from a cup?" What is the nurse's most accurate response? a. 5 months b. 9 months c. 1 year d. 2 years

a. 5 months

A school-age child becomes frustrated with a school assignment and says, "I can't do this!" What is the most developmentally supportive response from the parent? a. Ask, "What is it that is so difficult?" b. Allow the child to quit the effort. c. Call in older siblings to help. d. Finish the project for them.

a. Ask, "What is it that is so difficult?"

The nurse considers what "rites of passage" valued by the adolescent in American society? (Select all that apply.) a. Attaining legal drinking age b. Selection of a career c. Religious affiliation d. Obtaining a driver's license e. High school graduation

a. Attaining legal drinking age d. Obtaining a driver's license e. High school graduation

What guideline should an adult follow when speaking to a toddler? a. Be at eye level with the child. b. Hold by the shoulders to keep the child's attention. c. Seat the child to focus on conversation. d. Speak in a firm strong voice.

a. Be at eye level with the child.

What developmental milestone(s) assist the 5-year-old boy toward developing his sexual identity? (Select all that apply.) a. Begins to be less focused on his mother. b. Ignores both parents totally. c. Regresses to a more infantile level. d. Forms a romantic attachment to the mother. e. Identifies with the parent of the same sex.

a. Begins to be less focused on his mother. d. Forms a romantic attachment to the mother. e. Identifies with the parent of the same sex.

What will the nurse take into consideration when educating parents regarding infant nutrition? (Select all that apply.) a. Cultural practices b. Sex of the infant c. Parental knowledge d. Infant's developmental level e. Parent-child interaction

a. Cultural practices c. Parental knowledge d. Infant's developmental level e. Parent-child interaction

The school nurse is discussing challenges of the adolescent years with a group of high school students in health class. What challenges toward adolescent development will the nurse include? a. Developing intimacy b. Maintaining dependence on parents c. Searching for identity d. Adjusting to body changes e. Establishing future goals

a. Developing intimacy c. Searching for identity d. Adjusting to body changes e. Establishing future goals

A 16-month-old child is attending a well-child visit at a pediatric clinic. Which assessment would indicate the biggest cause for concern? a. Does not walk independently b. Prefers finger feeding c. Limited to single words d. Is unable to climb steps

a. Does not walk independently

Restlessness in adolescence is most likely attributed to which changes? (Select all that apply.) a. Drive to be accepted by society as an individual b. Urge for independence c. Establishment of a personal identity d. Intense libido e. Slowing of body changes

a. Drive to be accepted by society as an individual b. Urge for independence c. Establishment of a personal identity d. Intense libido

What does including play in the plan of care for a 5-year-old allow the child to do? (Select all that apply.) a. Exercise his imagination. b. Assume a role and act it out. c. Offer an emotional outlet. d. Avoid magical thinking. e. Interact with other children.

a. Exercise his imagination. b. Assume a role and act it out. c. Offer an emotional outlet. e. Interact with other children.

The nurse is preparing to outline principles of discipline for parents of an infant. What information should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) a. Firmly say "No." b. Distract the child to another activity. c. Bribe the child with a sweet treat. d. Remain consistent. e. Ignore the child until behavior improves.

a. Firmly say "No." b. Distract the child to another activity. d. Remain consistent.

What is the best suggestion by the nurse for an appropriate toy for a hospitalized 6-year-old boy? a. Handheld video game b. MP3 player c. Adventure book d. Jigsaw puzzle

a. Handheld video game

What is the most appropriate intervention when dealing with occasional aggression in a 4-year-old child? a. Have the child take a time-out in the corner for 4 minutes. b. Spank the child at the time of the incident. c. Take away television privileges for the day. d. Send the child to his room for 30 minutes.

a. Have the child take a time-out in the corner for 4 minutes

A 9-year-old boy is often cranky and irritable, and his school performance has declined. What is the most probable factor causing this behavior? a. He sleeps only 6 to 7 hours a night. b. He eats eggs every day. c. He has a new dog. d. He plays about 1 to 3 hours each evening.

a. He sleeps only 6 to 7 hours a night.

A mother confides in the school nurse that she witnessed her son kissing another boy. Which concepts should guide the nurse to base a reply? (Select all that apply.) a. Homosexual behavior in adolescents is not uncommon. b. Homosexuality is a mental disorder. c. Adolescents often desire to explore alternative lifestyles. d. Homosexual tendencies should be addressed with counseling. e. Parents should immediately seek a support group for parents of gays.

a. Homosexual behavior in adolescents is not uncommon. c. Adolescents often desire to explore alternative lifestyles.

The nurse points out what advantage(s) of a nursery school or preschool experience? (Select all that apply.) a. Increasing self-confidence b. Fostering group cooperation c. Detecting adjustment problems d. Attainment of toilet training skills e. Playing experiences with other children

a. Increasing self-confidence b. Fostering group cooperation c. Detecting adjustment problems e. Playing experiences with other children

The nurse cautions that children who have unmet hunger needs will likely display which characteristic(s)? (Select all that apply.) a. Irritability b. Ineffective feeding patterns c. No predictable sleep-wake cycle d. Distrust e. Effective parent bonding

a. Irritability b. Ineffective feeding patterns c. No predictable sleep-wake cycle d. Distrust

The nurse is talking with a parent about tooth eruption. What teeth will the nurse explain are the first deciduous teeth to erupt? a. Lower central incisors b. Upper central incisors c. Lower lateral incisors d. Upper lateral incisors

a. Lower central incisors

What basic "feeling" words should the nurse use in attempting to help a 7-year-old girl express her feelings about being in a new school? (Select all that apply.) a. Mad b. Glad c. Sad d. Scared e. Jealous

a. Mad b. Glad c. Sad d. Scared

Parents tell the nurse they are frustrated with their toddler's recent behavior and refusal to agree with anything they ask of them. What does the nurse explain as the term for when a toddler tests their own power? a. Negativism b. Dawdling c. Tantrums d. Food fads

a. Negativism

The school nurse is preparing an educational program for new teachers regarding school-age children. What information is accurate for the nurse to include? (Select all that apply.) a. Participation in group activity increases b. Egocentricity prevails c. Thinking is logical d. Preference is toward family interaction e. Understand cause and effect

a. Participation in group activity increases c. Thinking is logical e. Understand cause and effect

The nurse is educating parents of a 2-month-old infant about immunizations. What immunizations against illness should their child receive? (Select all that apply.) a. Pertussis (whooping cough) b. Influenza c. Diphtheria d. Tetanus e. Polio

a. Pertussis (whooping cough) b. Influenza c. Diphtheria d. Tetanus e. Polio

The nurse is aware that the 7-month-old infant can signal feeding readiness by which action(s)? (Select all that apply.) a. Pulling spoon toward mouth b. Biting at spoon with upper and lower incisors c. Pointing to food bowl d. Bouncing up and down with excitement at sight of food e. Manipulating finger foods

a. Pulling spoon toward mouth e. Manipulating finger foods

What should the teaching plan include about infant fall precautions? (Select all that apply.) a. Remove all unsteady furniture. b. Keep crib rails up and in locked position. c. Steady infant with hand when on changing table. d. Use tray attachment on high chair as restraint. e. Keep infant seat on the floor while indoors.

a. Remove all unsteady furniture. b. Keep crib rails up and in locked position. c. Steady infant with hand when on changing table. e. Keep infant seat on the floor while indoors.

The nurse is assessing a 1-year-old infant in the pediatric office. What finding should the nurse report to the physician immediately? a. Respiratory rate of 60 breaths/minute b. Pulse rate of 100 beats/minute c. Minimal verbalization d. Fussy behavior

a. Respiratory rate of 60 breaths/minute

What tasks would be appropriate to expect of a 5-year-old child? a. Setting the table with paper plates b. Washing the dirty knives c. Carrying glasses from the table to the sink d. Scrubbing out the sink with cleanser

a. Setting the table with paper plates

When selecting a potty chair, the parents are encouraged to select one that has which characteristic(s)? (Select all that apply.) a. Small enough for the child's feet to touch floor b. Sturdy and stable c. Supportive of child's back and arms d. Made of plastic or fiberglass e. Capable of being taken apart easily

a. Small enough for the child's feet to touch floor b. Sturdy and stable c. Supportive of child's back and arms

The nurse is documenting the pediatrician's assessment of a female patient. When assessing Tanner's stages of breast development there is elevation of papilla only. What stage of development will the nurse document? a. Stage 1 b. Stage 2 c. Stage 3 d. Stage 4

a. Stage 1

Parents of a toddler are discussing the emotion of fear with the pediatric nurse. What information can the nurse offer regarding fear and the toddler? (Select all that apply.) a. Stress increases fear. b. Rituals help deal with fear. c. Teasing the child can decrease fear. d. Once fear is learned it is difficult to eliminate. e. Adults should openly share their fears.

a. Stress increases fear. b. Rituals help deal with fear. d. Once fear is learned it is difficult to eliminate.

Which bedtime preparation rituals are the most appropriate for the nurse to suggest? (Select all that apply.) a. Telling a story b. Placing a favorite toy in bed c. Placing a glass of water at the bedside d. Turning on a night-light e. Playing energetically

a. Telling a story b. Placing a favorite toy in bed c. Placing a glass of water at the bedside d. Turning on a night-light

What would the nurse assessing growth and development of a 2-year-old child expect to find? a. The child jumps with both feet. b. Twenty deciduous teeth have erupted. c. The child can hop on one foot. d. The child has a vocabulary of 900 words.

a. The child jumps with both feet.

The nurse observes a 10-month-old infant using her index finger and thumb to pick up pieces of cereal. What does this behavior indicate the infant has developed? a. The pincer grasp b. A grasp reflex c. Prehension ability d. The parachute reflex

a. The pincer grasp

The parents of an 8-year-old child tell the nurse the child wakes the household crying out during his frequent nightmares. What is the nurse's most helpful response to explain nightmares? a. They are a normal extension of the child's fear of mutilation. b. They are an abnormal response to repressed feelings. c. They are a common result of latent sexuality. d. They are a side effect of overactivity and stimulation.

a. They are a normal extension of the child's fear of mutilation.

The parents of a 4-year-old boy are concerned because they have noticed him frequently touching his penis. What knowledge would act as the basis for the nurse's response? a. This behavior indicates a normal curiosity about sexuality. b. Masturbation suggests the boy has an excessive fear of castration. c. It is usually a result of discomfort from a penile rash or irritation. d. The behavior is abnormal and the child should be referred for counseling.

a. This behavior indicates a normal curiosity about sexuality.

The nurse points out which physiological change(s) in the toddler that serve(s) as protection against disease? (Select all that apply.) a. Toughening of the skin b. Increased capillary response for thermoregulation c. Stabilization of body temperature d. Elevation in white blood cell count e. Enlarged adenoids and tonsils

a. Toughening of the skin b. Increased capillary response for thermoregulation c. Stabilization of body temperature e. Enlarged adenoids and tonsils

Which is an example of associative play? a. Two children playing in house, one playing the role of the dad and the other playing the role of the mom b. Two children playing in a sand box, one building a wall and the other digging a hole c. Two children playing with sports-associated items, one with a football and the other with a bat d. Two children playing with a coloring book, one coloring pictures and the other looking at pictures

a. Two children playing in house, one playing the role of the dad and the other playing the role of the mom

The school nurse is planning sex education classes for school-age children. What should the nurse be sure to do? a. Use simple terms. b. Avoid slang or "street" words and concepts. c. Keep topics on biological aspects of sexual development. d. Limit questions to keep content clear.

a. Use simple terms.

select the assessment that should make a parent or health care provider suspect a communication disorder. a. an 18 month old child does not respond when his name is called. b. a 15 month old child can point to one picture when the parent calls its name. c. a 3 yr old child can use plurals and pronouns correctly d. a 16 month old child cannot use 2-word phrases when appropriate.

a. an 18 month old child does not respond when his name is called.

a healthy preschool girl asks her parents if she will die. The best response is to tell her that: a. people do not usually die until they are old b. she does not need to worry about dying c. parents usually die before their children d. she will not die for a long time.

a. people do not usually die until they are old

A major cause of health problems in preschool children is:

accidental injuries

A preschool child falls off of the swing and cries, "Bad swing! You made me fall!" This child's response is an example of

animism

A fruit that should be delayed until after the infant's first birthday is:

apricots

When helping a toddler choose clothing for the day, the best approach is to

ask which of two appropriate outfits he prefers

An adolescent's parent comments, "My son seems so preoccupied with his appearance these days. Is this normal?" What is the nurse's best response? a. "It is his attempt to express his individualism." b. "His preoccupation with his looks is quite normal." c. "He is probably troubled with his physical changes." d. "This shows that he has a positive self-image."

b. "His preoccupation with his looks is quite normal."

Which stage of cognitive development is a 9-year-old child in according to Piaget? a. Formal operations b. Preoperational c. Concrete operations d. Sensorimotor

c. Concrete operations

The parent of a toddler tells the nurse, "My daughter's appetite has decreased. Thank goodness she loves to drink milk." What is the most appropriate response by the nurse? a. "Has your daughter been sick recently?" b. "How much milk does she drink in a day?" c. "Has she become a fussy eater, too?" d. "Have you tried offering her finger foods?"

b. "How much milk does she drink in a day?"

The school nurse is educating high school students about guidelines to be followed when participating in sports. Which statement by a student alerts the nurse of the need for further information? a. "I will eat carbohydrates before practice." b. "I drink large amounts of fluid when working out." c. "I wear protective gear every time I play sports." d. "I avoid caffeine when participating in sports

b. "I drink large amounts of fluid when working out."

The nurse discusses child-proofing the home for safety with the mother of a 9-month-old infant. Which statement made by the mother would indicate an unsafe behavior? a. "I put covers on all of the electrical outlets." b. "In the car, she rides in a front-facing car seat." c. "There are locks on all of the cabinets in the house." d. "I have a gate at the top and bottom of the stairs."

b. "In the car, she rides in a front-facing car seat."

At what age does an infant's birth weight triple? a. 9 months b. 1 year c. 18 months d. 2 years

b. 1 year

What is the earliest age at which the infant should be able to walk independently? a. 8 to 10 months b. 12 to 15 months c. 15 to 18 months d. 18 to 21 months

b. 12 to 15 months

How many hours should toddlers be able to stay dry for the nurse to suggest they are ready to begin bladder training? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

b. 2

Which major developmental tasks will the nurse expect a child to accomplish by the end of the preschool years? (Select all that apply.) a. Development of parallel play b. Acceptance of separation c. Increased communication skills d. Consistent appetite e. Control of bodily functions

b. Acceptance of separation c. Increased communication skills e. Control of bodily functions

The parent of a -year-old child tells the nurse, "My daughter points instead of speaking whenever she wants me to get something for her, but she understands me when I ask her to do something." Based on the parent's comment, what does the nurse suspect? a. Age-appropriate language development b. An expressive language delay c. A receptive language delay d. A potential hearing deficit

b. An expressive language delay

A parent is concerned because her infant has a diaper rash. What is the best action the nurse would advise the parent to implement? a. Use commercial diaper wipes to clean the area. b. Apply a protective ointment on the area. c. Change the infant's diaper less frequently. d. Keep the diaper area covered all of the time.

b. Apply a protective ointment on the area.

A parent brings a 6-month-old infant to the pediatric clinic for her well-baby examination. Her birth weight was 8 pounds, 2 ounces. What will the nurse weighing the infant today expect her weight to be? a. At least 12 pounds b. At least 16 pounds c. At least 20 pounds d. At least 24 pounds

b. At least 16 pounds

The nurse is planning a safety program for high school students. Which is the top cause of accidental deaths during adolescence? a. Firearms b. Automobiles c. Drowning d. Diving injuries

b. Automobiles

A parent remarks, "My 18-month-old daughter carries her blanket around everywhere. Is this normal?" What is the best explanation a nurse who has an understanding of toddler development might give? a. She carries her blanket because she is ritualistic. b. Carrying her favorite blanket is self-consoling behavior. c. This behavior can be discouraged by offering new toys to the child. d. This could be indicative of emotional distress.

b. Carrying her favorite blanket is self-consoling behavior.

What is the most appropriate toy for the nurse to select for a normal 2-year-old child? a. Bicycle with training wheels b. Dump truck c. Wind-up toy d. Building block set

b. Dump truck

The nurse suggests offering which food(s) to support the toddler's desire to self-feed? (Select all that apply.) a. Pureed foods b. Finger foods c. Foods served cold d. Foods in colorful dishes e. Foods that are varied and colorful

b. Finger foods d. Foods in colorful dishes e. Foods that are varied and colorful

The nurse is assessing a school-age child. What will the nurse expect in regard to physical development of this child? a. Growth of 3 to 6 inches per year b. Gain of 5 to 7 pounds per year c. Increase of head circumference by 1 inch per year d. A visual acuity of 20/20 by 9 years of age

b. Gain of 5 to 7 pounds per year

At what stage is the adolescent considered to be, according to Freud's theory? a. Conceptual b. Genital c. Glandular d. Pubertal

b. Genital

What is the best advice the nurse can offer a parent concerned because her 2-year-old child is very active and does not eat much? a. Insist that the child eat one food on the plate. b. Help the child wind down with a quiet activity before mealtime. c. Maintain a consistent eating schedule for the family. d. Serve the meal with a variety of interesting plates, cups, and utensils.

b. Help the child wind down with a quiet activity before mealtime.

Which of the following describes idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) Select all that apply A. ITP is a congenital hematological disorder b. ITP causes excessive destruction of platelets c. Children with ITP have normal bone marrow d. Platelets are small in ITP e. Purpura is observed in ITP

b. ITP causes excessive destruction of platelets c. Children with ITP have normal bone marrow e. Purpura is observed in ITP

The pediatric nurse is presenting school-age children with information on safety issues to follow when going home alone. What guidelines should they be educated to follow? (Select all that apply.) a. Ask for identification before letting someone in the house. b. Never accept rides with strangers. c. Keep doors locked. d. Do not enter house if door is ajar. e. Walk to and from school with friends.

b. Never accept rides with strangers. c. Keep doors locked. d. Do not enter house if door is ajar. e. Walk to and from school with friends

The nurse observed three toddlers playing side by side with dolls. Closer observation revealed that the children were not interacting with one another. What type of play is this? a. Solitary b. Parallel c. Associative d. Cooperative

b. Parallel

The nurse is advising parents of a 10-year-old boy about the most developmentally supportive experiences for their son. What is the best experience for this child according to Erikson's theory? a. Constant variety of activities b. Successful performance in Little League c. Feeling healthy and strong d. Having a girlfriend

b. Successful performance in Little League

On a home visit, the nurse notes that the parents require teaching intervention to protect the 15-month-old child who lives there. What observation would lead the nurse to this conclusion? a. The fireplace has a screen. b. The dining room table has a tablecloth on it. c. There are paintings on the wall. d. The kitchen floor is clean but not shiny.

b. The dining room table has a tablecloth on it.

What would be an expected finding when assessing language development in a 2-year-old child? a. A 900-word vocabulary b. Use of two-word sentences c. Use of pronouns and prepositions d. 100% of speech is understandable

b. Use of two-word sentences

A parent is concerned about her children's reaction should their grandmother die. What understanding will guide the nurse's response? a. Children are unlikely to notice their grandmother's absence if no one reminds them. b. Young children often understand that other people die, but do not equate it with themselves. c. The children's response will depend entirely on whether they have been acquainted with death before this. d. Children can understand the concept of a higher being much like adults can.

b. Young children often understand that other people die, but do not equate it with themselves.

Choose the most effective way for parents to deal with a preschool child's jealousy of her new brother. a. help her choose toys to share with the new baby b. remind her of things she can do that the baby cannot c. explain that she will soon love her new brother d. ask her to share her room with the new baby at first.

b. remind her of things she can do that the baby cannot

A 13-year-old girl tells the nurse she is concerned because she has not had her first menstrual period. What is the best initial response from the nurse? a. "Your hormone levels may be irregular." b. "Could you be pregnant?" c. "Age of first menstrual cycle varies." d. "Do not worry about it."

c. "Age of first menstrual cycle varies."

The nurse is discussing preschoolers' sexual curiosity with the parent. What statement by the mother leads the nurse to determine that the mother understands the information? a. "Make up funny words for body parts." b. "Distract the child with a toy if they ask about sex." c. "Answer their questions when they ask." d. "Tell them to ask you again when they are 6 years old."

c. "Answer their questions when they ask."

The nurse is educating a group of preschool parents about the importance of safety. Which statement by a parent indicates the need for further education? a. "I continue to provide a great deal of indirect supervision for my child." b. "My stairway is always free of clutter." c. "I only leave my child in the car for brief moments." d. "Medications are kept in a locked cabinet."

c. "I only leave my child in the car for brief moments."

Which statement indicates the mother of an 8-month-old infant understands infant sleep patterns? a. "I put the baby in my bed until she falls asleep, then I put her in her crib." b. "I let the baby skip an afternoon nap so that she will fall asleep earlier." c. "I put the pacifier in the crib so that she can find it when she wakes up." d. "I rock the baby back to sleep if she wakes up at night."

c. "I put the pacifier in the crib so that she can find it when she wakes up."

Parents of a 6-month-old infant ask the nurse why it is necessary to offer iron-rich formula to their child. What is the correct response? a. "The infant has limited ability to produce red blood cells." b. "The infant has ineffective digestive enzymes." c. "The infant has exhausted maternal iron stores." d. "The infant has need of the iron to support dentition."

c. "The infant has exhausted maternal iron stores."

A preschool child is asked, "Why do trees have leaves?" Which response would be an example of animism? a. "So I can have shade over my sandbox." b. "Because God made them that way." c. "To hide behind when they are scared." d. "For the squirrels to play in."

c. "To hide behind when they are scared."

An 18 month old male is brought to the clinic by his mother. His height is in the 50th percentile, and his weight is in the 80th percentile. The child is pale. The physical examination is normal, but his hematocrit level is 20%. Which of the following questions should assist the nurse in making a diagnosis? Select all that apply. a. "How many bowel movements a day does your child have? b. "How much did your baby weigh at birth" c. "What does your child eat every day" d. "Has the child been given any new medications" e. "How much milk does your child drink per day"

c. "What does your child eat every day" e. "How much milk does your child drink per day"

What is the earliest age at which an infant is able to sit steadily alone? a. 4 months b. 5 months c. 8 months d. 15 months

c. 8 months

A parent asked the nurse, "At what age are children capable of assuming more responsibility for personal belongings?" What is the nurse's best response based on knowledge of growth and development? a. 6 years b. 7 years c. 9 years d. 12 years

c. 9 years

What should the nurse suggest as the most appropriate toy choice for a 3-year-old? a. A board game b. A small pet, such as a goldfish c. A large construction set d. Push-pull toys

c. A large construction set

The nurse is planning care of an adolescent. What psychosocial task does the nurse understand is important for the adolescent to develop? a. A sense of initiative b. A sense of industry c. A sense of identity d. A sense of involvement

c. A sense of identity

The nurse is discussing toilet training with parents. What behavior by the child would identify toilet training readiness? a. Willing to sit on the potty for 15 to 20 minutes b. Dry in the daytime for 4-hour periods c. Able to communicate that he or she is wet d. Curious about bathroom activities

c. Able to communicate that he or she is wet

The nurse is taking care of a child with sickle cell disease. The nurse is aware that which of the following problems are associated with sickle cell disease? Select all that apply a. Polycythemia b. Hemarthrosis c. Aplastic anemia d. Thrombocytopenia e. Vaso-occlusive crisis

c. Aplastic anemia e. Vaso-occlusive crisis

What type of play is most appropriate when planning care for a child with moderate intellectual deficiency? a. Exercise leg and arm muscles. b. Be educationally oriented to make up for lost time. c. Be adjusted to mental age rather than chronological age. d. Involve contact sports and aggressive physical activity with other children.

c. Be adjusted to mental age rather than chronological age.

What fear is unique to the preschool period? a. Water b. Animals c. Bodily harm d. Death

c. Bodily harm

What is best for the nurse to suggest to the parents of an overweight 9-year-old child to help prevent obesity? a. Use whole milk as a between-meal snack because it is more filling than skim milk. b. Feed the child before family meal times to monitor intake more closely. c. Encourage the child to engage in physical activity for at least an hour a day. d. Remove all sweets and junk food from the house.

c. Encourage the child to engage in physical activity for at least an hour a day.

The nurse is assessing a 13-year-old boy. Which physical change indicates that male puberty has begun? a. Development of axillary and facial hair b. Enlargement of penis c. Enlargement of testicles d. Pigmentation of the scrotum

c. Enlargement of testicles

The parent of a -year-old child tells the nurse, "Bedtime is difficult. I can't get my son to go to bed at night." The nurse and the child's mother discuss options. What intervention is the most appropriate choice? a. Allow the child to put himself to bed when he is tired. b. Let the child read in his room until he falls asleep. c. Establish a bedtime routine and use it consistently. d. Tire him out with physical activity before bedtime

c. Establish a bedtime routine and use it consistently.

How does the nurse characterize the play of 5-year-old children? a. Enjoying rough and tumble play b. Playing well-organized games c. Following rules d. Preferring inside activities

c. Following rules

The school nurse is preserving a tooth that was knocked out on the school playground. What will the nurse be especially careful to do? a. Wrap the tooth loosely in a clean cloth. b. Rinse the tooth with alcohol. c. Handle the tooth only by the crown. d. Place the tooth in a warm environment.

c. Handle the tooth only by the crown.

What is an abnormal finding in an evaluation of growth and development for a 6-month-old infant? a. Weight gain of 4 to 7 ounces per week b. Length increase of 1 inch in 2 months c. Head lag present d. Can sit alone for a few seconds

c. Head lag present

Which statement best describes the 3-year-old child? a. Boisterous, tattles on others b. Aggressive, shows off c. Helpful, wants to assist with chores d. Talkative, inquisitive about the environment

c. Helpful, wants to assist with chores

The nurse is leading a discussion group with parents of adolescents. One parent comments, "My son can't do anything without checking with his friends first. My opinion doesn't count anymore." What knowledge in regard to this behavior would the nurse formulate as a response? a. It is unusual for adolescent boys. b. It is often more apparent in boys than girls. c. It is a normal phenomenon during adolescence. d. It is suggestive of feelings of low self-worth.

c. It is a normal phenomenon during adolescence.

What would the nurse expect a 4-month-old infant to be able to accomplish? a. Hold a cup. b. Stand with assistance. c. Lift head and shoulders. d. Sit with back straight.

c. Lift head and shoulders.

What can the nurse suggests as a good dietary source of zinc for an adolescent who is a vegetarian? a. Green, leafy vegetables b. Citrus fruits c. Nuts d. Enriched breads

c. Nuts

What could the nurse recommend to a child's mother to encourage a toddler to practice independence? a. Offer a variety of items to choose from to stimulate his mind. b. Allow the child to determine his own daily routine. c. Offer him a choice between two items. d. Set the routine herself, but discuss with her toddler how he or she would have done it differently.

c. Offer him a choice between two items.

Parents ask the pediatric nurse how school life might influence their growing child. What area of development will the nurse indicate that school affects the least? a. Moral development b. Social development c. Physical development d. Cognitive development

c. Physical development

What is the most appropriate activity to recommend to parents to promote sensorimotor stimulation for a 1-year-old infant? a. Ride a tricycle. b. Spend time in an infant swing. c. Play with push-pull toys. d. Read large picture books.

c. Play with push-pull toys.

A 13-year-old girl tells the school nurse that she is getting fat, especially in her hips and legs. What understanding by the nurse would best guide the response? a. Many adolescents are unaware of proper nutrition. b. Adolescents of this age become less active and should eat fewer calories. c. Puberty is often preceded by fat deposits in these areas. d. As soon as menarche occurs, she will lose this excess weight.

c. Puberty is often preceded by fat deposits in these areas.

Which finding would concern the nurse assessing vital signs on a 2-year-old child? a. Temperature of 37.1° C (98.8° F) b. Pulse at 100 beats/minute c. Respirations of 36 breaths/minute d. Blood pressure of 90/60 mm Hg

c. Respirations of 36 breaths/minute

How would the nurse advise a parent who states, "I never know how much food to feed my child"? a. Serving sizes should not exceed 1 teaspoon of each type of food. b. Food quantities must be carefully measured to avoid overfeeding. c. Use 1 tablespoon of each food for each year of age as a guideline. d. A toddler should eat three balanced meals. Snacks are not necessary.

c. Use 1 tablespoon of each food for each year of age as a guideline.

Which behavior reported by a parent of an 18-month-old toddler would the nurse report to the pediatrician as a cause for concern? a. Has temper tantrums. b. Feeds self sloppily. c. Walks by holding onto furniture. d. Speaks in short sentences.

c. Walks by holding onto furniture.

A 3-year-old child, while playing with his favorite toy in the playroom of the pediatric unit, is approached by another child who also wants to play with the same toy. What behavior will the nurse anticipate from this child? a. Will play well with the other child. b. Will give the toy up and then not play anymore. c. Will become angry and a physical response might ensue. d. Will ignore the toy and go on to something else.

c. Will become angry and a physical response might ensue.

The mother of an infant born prematurely tells the nurse, "The baby is irritable. She cries during diaper changes and feedings. Can you make some suggestions about what I should do to soothe her?" What is the most appropriate recommendation to help this parent? a. Play the radio or TV while you feed the infant. b. Put the infant in a room with sunlight. c. Wrap the infant snugly when you hold them. d. Change the infant's position quickly.

c. Wrap the infant snugly when you hold them.

when buying shoes for their toddler, parents should choose those that provide. a. a firm, straight sole to facilitate walking b. a strong arch to prevent "fallen" arches c. protection from objects that might injure the feet. d. adequate movement of the heel within the shoe.

c. protection from objects that might injure the feet.

A 16-year-old boy excitedly tells his parents that he was offered a part-time job. Which response represents an effective problem-solving approach for his parents? a. "Your studies are too important for you to have a part-time job." b. "When we went to high school, academics were the adolescent's priority." c. "We want you to put your earnings in a savings account." d. "How do you think you will manage your school work and a job?"

d. "How do you think you will manage your school work and a job?"

What statement made by a parent indicates correct understanding of infant feeding? a. "I've been mixing rice cereal and formula in the baby's bottle." b. "I switched the baby to low-fat milk at 9 months." c. "The baby really likes little pieces of chocolate." d. "I give the baby new foods before he takes his bottle."

d. "I give the baby new foods before he takes his bottle."

What statement by an 11-year-old child leads the nurse to determine he has moved from the mind-set of egocentrism? a. "I am a member of the best Cub Scout group in the world." b. "I must do my homework before I can play." c. "My dad can do anything!" d. "I'm sorry. I bet that hurt your feelings."

d. "I'm sorry. I bet that hurt your feelings."

A mother is concerned because her 9-year-old boy has developed the habit of twitching his eyes and flipping his hair while communicating with anyone. What is the best nursing response to this parent? a. "This may indicate that he needs eyeglasses." b. "Children sometimes do these things for attention." c. "This behavior suggests low self-esteem." d. "Tics appear when a child is under stress."

d. "Tics appear when a child is under stress."

The nurse discusses preparation for school with the parents of a 6-year-old girl who will soon be starting first grade. What statement by the girl's father leads the nurse to determine that the parents understood the information? a. "We should put a stop to her thumb-sucking." b. "We'll have a talk about what school is like." c. "We will let her walk to the bus stop by herself." d. "We'll have her meet some children who will be in her class."

d. "We'll have her meet some children who will be in her class."

The nurse is assessing a 3-year-old toddler. What is the expected weight gain for this age child? a. 2 times the birth weight b. 2.5 times the birth weight c. 3 times the birth weight d. 4 times the birth weight

d. 4 times the birth weight

What foods would be a healthy choice for an adolescent who just finished playing in a strenuous sports game? a. A cheeseburger and soda b. A hot fudge sundae c. Two sausage and egg breakfast sandwiches and orange juice d. A bagel and skim milk

d. A bagel and skim milk

A parent states, "My 7-year-old really wants a dog. His 10-year-old brother has allergies to animal dander. I don't know what to do." What type of pet should the nurse suggest as the best choice? a. A small breed of dog because the large dogs produce more allergens. b. An older unneutered dog that produces fewer allergens than a younger one. c. A cat because it requires less care and is less allergenic. d. A poodle, which does not shed, making it a good choice for people with allergies

d. A poodle, which does not shed, making it a good choice for people with allergies

What does the nurse consider as an appropriate snack for a 2-year-old child? a. Hot dog sections b. Grapes c. Popcorn d. Applesauce

d. Applesauce

Parents of a 5-year-old child tell the nurse they are concerned about their child's speech development by stating, "No one can understand him but us." What clinical classification of speech disorder does the nurse suspect? a. Global language delay b. Expressive language delay c. Language loss d. Articulation disorder

d. Articulation disorder

A 4-year-old child tells the nurse she will not eat peas because they are green. Of what is this an example? a. Egocentrism b. Artificialism c. Animism d. Centering

d. Centering

A mother is concerned because her 10-month-old infant is lethargic. What is the best action the nurse can advise this mother to implement? a. Keep the infant's room well lit. b. Rub the infant's soles vigorously. c. Offer the infant a pacifier. d. Handle the infant slowly and gently.

d. Handle the infant slowly and gently.

What will children who are unable to express themselves with words often do? a. Become reclusive and introspective. b. Develop other methods of verbal communication. c. Engage in more creative play. d. Have tantrums and act out.

d. Have tantrums and act out.

A seventh-grade girl tells the school nurse that her art teacher, a woman, is her hero. What is the most appropriate interpretation of the girl's comment? a. The student may be exploring her career options. b. The comment is cause for concern about sexual abuse. c. The child may have difficulty interacting with her peers. d. Hero worship is a normal phenomenon.

d. Hero worship is a normal phenomenon.

The nurse using the PACE interview guide for persons at risk for substance abuse arrives at a score of 2 for an adolescent patient. How would the nurse interpret this score? a. Nonindicative of potential substance abuse b. Normal experimentation of the adolescent c. Need to schedule another PACE interview in 3 months d. Indication for referral for counseling

d. Indication for referral for counseling

What does an adolescent's peer group serve as related to development? a. Social outlet b. Association to blur personal identity c. Platform for "group think" d. Initial separation from family

d. Initial separation from family

What will the nurse advise a parent to do when introducing solid foods? a. Begin with one tablespoon of food. b. Mix foods together. c. Eliminate a refused food from the diet. d. Introduce each new food 4 to 7 days apart.

d. Introduce each new food 4 to 7 days apart.

A 4-year-old child insists he has more money with a nickel than his father has with a dime. What is this perception, as described in Piaget's theory? a. Egocentrism b. Artificialism c. Animism d. Intuition

d. Intuition

A parent confides in the school nurse that her 8-year-old twins argue and bicker constantly. What is the best response by the nurse? a. Express alarm at the constant aggression. b. Voice concern and investigate referral for counseling. c. Inquire about what punitive action the parents have taken to stop it. d. Offer reassurance that such behavior is normal for 8-year-olds.

d. Offer reassurance that such behavior is normal for 8-year-olds.

How might the nurse demonstrate the parachute reflex with an infant? a. Lifting the infant high in the air above her head b. Holding the infant in a football hold, cradling the head c. Seating the infant in a stroller in an upright position d. Placing the infant downward into the crib

d. Placing the infant downward into the crib

Parents of an infant inform the nurse they are planning home preparation of solid foods. What directions should the nurse provide? (Select all that apply.) a. Boil foods in a large amount of water. b. Do not freeze foods. c. Add 1 teaspoon of salt per cup. d. Puree food in electric blender. e. Add sugar sparingly.

d. Puree food in electric blender. e. Add sugar sparingly

A mother calls the pediatrician's office because her infant is "colicky." What is the most helpful measure the nurse can suggest to the mother? a. Sing songs to the infant in a soft voice. b. Place the infant in a well-lit room. c. Walk around and massage the infant's back. d. Rock the fussy infant slowly and gently.

d. Rock the fussy infant slowly and gently.

What type of relationships are the preferred social interactions for the school-age child? a. Heterosexual interest groups b. Association with one "best friend" c. Rigidly organized groups with complex rules d. Same-sex peer groups

d. Same-sex peer groups

What should the nurse keep in mind when planning to teach a class on nutrition to fourth-grade students? a. School-age children can concentrate on only one aspect of a situation. b. School-age children can think abstractly. c. School-age children are egocentric in their thinking. d. School-age children think logically and concretely.

d. School-age children think logically and concretely.

A parent comments that her adolescent daughter seems to be daydreaming a lot. What does the nurse understand this behavior to indicate regarding their daughter? a. She is bored. b. She is not getting enough rest. c. She is trying to block out stress and anxiety. d. She is mentally preparing for real situations.

d. She is mentally preparing for real situations.

When planning to answer a 16-year-old girl's questions about menstruation, the nurse must consider cognitive development. What is developed during adolescence according to Piaget? a. The ability to view a situation from multiple perspectives b. The ability to focus more on the past than present situations c. The ability to exercise concrete reasoning d. The ability to consider hypothetical situations

d. The ability to consider hypothetical situations

What are the best breakfast choices for the nurse to point out prior to a big exam, to provide high levels of alertness and increased memory? (Select all that apply.) a. Pancakes and syrup b. Coffee and chocolate-covered donuts c. Bacon and fried eggs d. Whole grain cereal and yogurt e. Oatmeal and sliced apples

d. Whole grain cereal and yogurt e. Oatmeal and sliced apples

bedtime for the preschool child should include. a. flexibility in the time the child goes to bed b. a period of exercise after dinner c. warm milk d. a quiet activity such as a story.

d. a quiet activity such as a story.

When planning to read to a 5-year old child, the understands that favorite stories of preschool children are those that relate to their:

daily experiences

A good initial method to deal with a 9-month old infant who is attracted to a diagnosis situation is to:

distract him from the situation

When teaching parents of the toddler about eating, the nurse should stress that the toddler:

eats one food for a while, then rejects it.

The mother of a 2 month old is bringing her to the office for a routine checkup and immunizations. She says the baby cries quite a bit but she just lets her cry so she won't become "spoiled." As a nurse, the best response is to:

explain that babies this young cannot be spoiled, then give her some ideas to help soothe the baby and instill trust.

The nurse would explain to parents that fears of preschool children are usually

greater than those they had as toddlers

The primary use of growth and development guidelines is to:

help parents anticipate their child's changing needs

Considering safety when choosing toys for a 5 month old, one should assume that all of them will go into the baby's

mouth

Social development that is common for the 2 month old infant is

responsive smiling

One effective method of discipline for a preschool child is to:

reward the child for good behavior