Maternity Exam 1

Which information would the nurse emphasize in the teaching plan for a postpartal woman who is reluctant to begin taking warm sitz baths?

C) Sitz baths increase the blood supply to the perineal area.

A pregnant women tends not to eat for long periods of time because of her bust work schedule. What process safeguards her fetus from becoming hypoglycemic during this time?

C) Somatomammotropin

A woman who has had a cesarean birth asks you if she will always need to have cesarean births in the future. Which of the following would be your best response?

D) "Although there are some exceptions, surgical techniques allow for vaginal birth after cesarean birth."

The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a patient recovering from a cesarean birth. What should the nurse instruct the patient to help improve stamina and energy after the procedure?

A) Drink at least six glasses of fluid each day. C) Rest twice a day for at least one-half hour each time.

When the membranes of a pregnant patient rupture during labor, the nurse determines that the patient and fetus are in danger. What did the nurse assess at the time of membrane rupture?

A) Meconium-stained amniotic fluid

The nurse is evaluating a new mother's ability to breastfeed her infant. Which criteria indicate that the mother is able to breastfeed independently? Select all that apply.

A) Nipples are everted. B) Breasts are soft and nontender. D) Baby swallows spontaneously and frequently.

The nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of teaching on perineal care provided to a postpartum patient. Which outcome indicates that teaching has been effective?

A) Patient performs perineal care independently with every morning shower.

The nurse is planning to instruct a new mother on care of the newborn. Which instructions support the 2020 National Health Goals for the newborn? Select all that apply.

A) Place the infant on the back to sleep. C) Continue to breast-feed the baby until age 6 months. E) Do not provide the baby with a bottle while falling asleep.

The nurse is caring for a newborn that weighed 7 lb 3 oz (3220 g) at birth. What action should the nurse take first based on this weight?

A) Plot the weight on a gestational age graph.

A newborn weighed 7 lb, 3 oz (3220 g) at birth. Based on this birth weight, which procedure would be necessary for you to carry out?

A) Plotting his weight on a gestational age graph

The nurse has noticed a change in the type of care needed to support maternal and child health issues. What does the nurse realize as reasons for the changes in care? Select all that apply

A) smaller families C) more employed mothers E) More single-parent families

To assess the frequency of a woman's labor contractions, the nurse would time:

A) the beginning of one contraction to the beginning of the next.

A mother points out to the nurse that following three meconium stools, her newborn has had a bright green stool. The nurse would explain to her that:

A) this is a normal finding.

During her first prenatal visit, a woman 18 weeks pregnant reports she did not realize she was pregnant and continued to take her birth control pills. She is concerned about their effects on her baby. Which of the following would be the best response to her concerns?

B) "Because of concerns about the estrogen exposure to the baby, we will monitor the fetal development."

A woman whose fetus at 30 weeks of pregnancy is failing to thrive in utero is told her physician wants to deliver the baby by cesarean birth today. She asks the nurse why this would be preferred to a vaginal birth. Which of the following would be your best response?

B) "Cesarean birth will reduce pressure on the immature head."

The nurse is concerned that a pregnant patient is not adjusting emotionally to being pregnant. Which statement indicates that the patient may need additional counseling?

B) "I need to get right back to work after delivery."

Gynecologic health is an important part of a woman's health history. Which statement best illustrates the way to begin a menstrual history?

B) "I'd like to ask you some questions about your menstrual periods."

A woman's primary care provider has told her he wants to use an episiotomy for birth. She asks the nurse what the purpose of this is. Which answer would be best?

B) "It relieves pressure on the fetal head."

A patient who had a previous cesarean birth asks the nurse if all future births must occur the same way. Which response should the nurse make to support the 2020 National Health Goals regarding cesarean births?

B) "Not if you fulfill the criteria for vaginal birth after cesarean."

The nurse teaches the importance of avoiding nonessential substances to a young adult female who is 6 weeks pregnant. Which patient statement indicates that teaching has been effective?

B) "Smoking is bad for me and my baby."

The spouse of a pregnant patient is concerned about the risk of paralysis from an epidural block being used during labor. How should the nurse respond to the spouse's concern?

B) "The injection is given in the space outside the spinal cord."

A new mother is concerned that she will not have enough breast milk because of small breasts. What should the nurse respond to the mother?

B) "The size of breasts does not impact the amount of breast milk that is made."

While conducting the first prenatal health history visit, the nurse learns that a pregnant patient is taking various herbal remedies and over-the-counter medications for minor ailments. Which nursing diagnosis should the nurse identify as being appropriate for the patient at this time?

B) Deficient knowledge regarding exposure to teratogens during pregnancy

During a routine health visit, the mother of a 6-month-old baby mentions that she would like to begin weaning the baby from breast-feeding. What teaching should the nurse provide to the mother at this time?

B) Discontinue gradually by omitting one breast-feeding session a day.

The nurse is explaining the process of fertilization to a patient who has just learned of being pregnant. On which day during pregnancy should the nurse explain that the embryo implants on the uterine surface?

B) Eight to 10 days after fertilization

While providing care to a child, the nurse informs the parents about the treatment plans and helps the parents make decisions about the child's care needs. What do this nurse's actions support?

B) Empowerment

A new mother is distraught because the baby has a white discharge coming from the breasts. What should the nurse explain to the mother about this discharge?

B) It is caused by the mother's hormones.

After assessment, the nurse determines that a pregnant patient's fetus has a face presentation that is pointing to the patient's left side with transverse pointing. How should the nurse document this assessment finding?

B) LMT

During a routine prenatal examination, a pregnant patient's urine is found to have a trace amount of glucose. What does this finding indicate to the nurse?

B) Lactose may be spilling into the urine.

The nurse assesses a postpartum patient's discharge as being moderate in amount and red in color. How should the nurse document the appearance of the lochia?

B) Lochia rubra

Which of the following would be a danger signal of labor for a woman in labor?

B) Meconium-stained amniotic fluid

A mother asks you how she can judge that her infant is receiving sufficient breast milk. What would be the most appropriate response?

C) "The infant should gain weight and have six wet diapers daily."

A woman's husband expresses concern about risk of paralysis from an epidural block being given to his wife. Which would be the most appropriate response by the nurse?

C) "The injection is given in the space outside the spinal cord."

A woman who has small breasts is afraid that she will not have enough breast milk. Which of the following is the nurse's best response to this?

C) "This is a common concern. The size of breasts, however, does not reflect the number of milk glands present."

A client who is in the transition phase reports her pain medication last given 3 hours ago has worn off. She asks if she can have another dose of the meperidine. How should the nurse respond to her request?

C) "Your stage of labor makes giving another dose unsafe."

The nurse records a newborn's Apgar score at birth. A normal 1-minute Apgar score is:

C) 7 to 10.

The nurse assesses a newborn's Apgar score at birth and documents that it is normal. Which score did the nurse most likely record?

C) 8

Dilation follows effacement in the primiparous mother. To be fully dilated, the cervix should have a distance of what measurement?

C) 8 to 10 cm

A patient scheduled for a cesarean birth asks if there are any difficulties with breast-feeding after this type of delivery. What should the nurse include when responding to this patient?

C) A comfortable position can be found to support breast-feeding the infant.

At 16-week checkup, a client's blood pressure is slightly decreased from her prepreegnancy level. The nurse evaluates this change based on which statements concerning blood pressure during pregnancy?

C) A decrease in the second trimester may occur because of placental growth

A patient who is 16 weeks pregnant has a lower blood pressure than that of prepregnancy levels. What should the nurse realize as being the cause for this lower blood pressure?

C) A decrease in the second trimester may occur because of placental growth.

The first stage of labor is often a time of introspection. In light of this, which information would guide the nurse's planning of nursing care?

C) A woman may spend time thinking about what is happening to her.

The nurse is caring for a patient recovering from a cesarean birth. Which assessment should the nurse make a priority for this patient?

C) Abdominal texture

A woman is in labor with her second child. She knows that she will want epidural anesthesia, and she has already signed her consent form. What must the nurse do before the woman receives the epidural?

C) Administer a fluid bolus through the IV line to reduce the risk of hypotension.

A pregnant patient received a narcotic analgesic 2 hours before delivery. The newborn is lethargic and difficult to arouse. What should the nurse prepare to do to help this newborn?

C) Administer naloxone hydrochloride.

After delivery of the placenta, a patient's uterus is sluggish to contract. What should the nurse prepare to do to assist the patient at this time?

C) Administer oxytocin as prescribed.

A pregnant patient planning for labor is asking questions about pain control options. What should the nurse explain about pain control during labor?

C) Any medication should have maximum effect for the patient and minimal effect on the fetus.

A woman tells the nurse that she is going to use a home pregnancy test to determine whether she is pregnant. Which precautions should the nurse give to her

C) Arrange for prenatal care if the test is positive

A postpartum patient has a history of thrombophlebitis. What should the nurse do to determine if the patient is developing this after delivery?

C) Assess for calf redness and edema.

A new mother does not want the baby to return to the nursery because of the fear of someone taking the baby without her permission. What should the nurse explain to the mother to allay her fears?

C) Both the mother and infant have identification bands that need to match

When entering the second phase of labor, a patient tells the nurse that the pain is severe and is unsure if pain medication should be used. Which nursing diagnosis should the nurse use to guide the care of the patient at this time?

C) Decision conflict related to the use of analgesia during labor

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) reduces pain by which of the following mechanisms?

C) Electrical impulses are created that interfere with nerve transmission.

During a home visit, the nurse learns that a new mother is experiencing breast engorgement. What should the nurse recommend to help alleviate this problem?

C) Encouraging her to continue regular breastfeeding

On the fourth day postpartum, a woman develops breast engorgement. Which measure would be best to recommend to her as a means of alleviating this problem?

C) Encouraging her to continue regular breastfeeding

The fetus of a patient who is 30 weeks pregnant is failing to thrive in utero. The health care provider wants to deliver the fetus through cesarean birth today. The patient asks why this approach is preferred over a vaginal delivery. What should the nurse respond to the patient?

D) "Cesarean birth will reduce pressure on the immature head."

Which question should the nurse include when conducting a review of systems with a patient during the first prenatal visit?

D) "Have you had any urinary tract infections?"

A new mother asks the nurse how to determine if the baby is receiving enough breast milk. What response should the nurse make to the mother?

D) "The infant should gain weight and have six wet diapers daily."

When caring for a newborn several hours after birth, the nurse assesses the newborn's respiratory rate. In a normal newborn, this would be:

D) 30 to 60 breaths per minute.

When caring for a newborn several hours after birth, what would the nurse assess as a normal newborn's respiratory rate?

D) 30 to 60 breaths/min

How should the nurse document a pregnant patient's gestational status using the GTPAL system after collecting the following data?

D) 4, 1, 1, 1, 1

The nurse is planning an educational session for community members to address the issue of school-age child mortality. Which topic should the nurse identify as the highest priority for this population?

D) Accidents

When teaching a mother to care for her newborn's umbilical cord, which of the following instructions would you include?

A) Keeping it dry

While caring for a woman who underwent a primary cesarean section for a breech presentation, she states this baby seems to have so much more mucus than her first baby. Concerned, she asks why this has happened. How should the nurse respond?

A) "Babies born by cesarean section have more respiratory complications because they do not have the benefit of having the mucus in their lungs removed by the pressure experienced in the birth canal."

The nurse manager of a prenatal clinic has implemented interventions to individualize the prenatal care experience. Which patient statement indicates that the nurse's efforts have been successful?

A) "It was so nice to not have to wait long in the waiting room."

A woman's physician has suggested that she use patient-controlled analgesia for pain relief after a cesarean birth. She asks the nurse if this will be effective. Which of the following would be the nurse's best response?

A) "Not only will it be effective, but it also will reduce the amount of narcotic needed."

The nurse teaches a pregnant patient the manifestations associated with complications while pregnant. Which statement indicates that additional patient teaching is needed?

A) "Pain with urination is expected during pregnancy."

The nurse is teaching new parents how to calculate the amount of formula to feed their newborn each day. The baby weighs 8 lb. How much formula should the nurse teach the parents to provide each day?

A) 20 to 24 oz

A new mother is concerned that the baby is not going to receive enough calories from breast milk to grow. What should the nurse instruct the mother as the daily caloric requirements per pound of weight for a newborn?

A) 50 to 55

Which of the following correctly identifies the daily caloric requirement per pound for a newborn?

A) 50 to 55

The nurse is concerned that a new mother is developing a postpartum complication. What did the nurse most likely assess in this patient?

A) Absence of lochia

A new mother asks the nurse what medications she can and cannot take into her body because it might affect breast milk. What should the nurse respond to this mother's request?

A) Almost all drugs are excreted to some extent in breast milk.

When teaching a woman about ingesting drugs while breastfeeding, which of the following statements is most accurate?

A) Almost all drugs are excreted to some extent in breast milk.

The nurse assists while a pregnant patient has an amniotomy. Which action should the nurse take immediately at the conclusion of the procedure?

A) Assess fetal heart rate.

The nurse is concerned that a new mother is ambivalent about the newborn and does not participate in newborn care. What action should the nurse take to help both the mother and newborn at this time?

A) Contact the Social Services department

A patient in labor is prescribed transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) to help with pain relief during labor. How should the nurse explain the process of pain relief with this method?

A) Counterirritation stimulation blocks pain from traveling to the spinal cord.

The nurse is assessing a term newborn. Which finding should the nurse expect when assessing the patterns of sole creases?

A) Creases on two-thirds of the foot

The physician of a patient in labor decides that an emergency cesarean birth is required to safely deliver the fetus. When preparing the operating room suite for this procedure, which medications should the nurse ensure are available for possible use? Select all that apply.

A) Diazepam B) Ephedrine D) Atropine sulfate

The nurse manager of a postpartum care area is planning educational sessions for the nursing staff to support the 2020 National Health Goals for postpartum care. Which information should be included in this staff training? Select all that apply.

A) Encourage postpartum patients to participate in breast-feeding. B) Provide information on reproductive life planning if requested. E) Explain the importance of close observation to detect postpartum maternal hemorrhage.

The nurse caring for pregnant patients is identifying interventions to support the 2020 National Health Goals regarding pain relief during labor. Which interventions support these goals? Select all that apply.

A) Encourage pregnant patients to prepare for childbirth by attending classes. D) Review the different breathing techniques that help with pain control during labor. E) Explain the various complementary and alternative therapies to help with pain control.

A patient in labor with chronic back pain tells the nurse about taking a dose of hydrocodone/acetaminophen (Vicodin) for labor pain prior to coming to the hospital. What should the nurse prepare to do once the fetus is delivered?

A) Evaluate the fetus for withdrawal symptoms. B) Inform the physician so that liver effects can be monitored.

The nurse is instructing a patient who is in the third trimester of pregnancy on the difference between false and true labor contractions. What should the nurse emphasize as being characteristics of false labor contraction? Select all that apply.

A) False labor contractions are irregular. E) False labor contractions do not increase in duration, frequency, and intensity.

After learning about the need for a cesarean birth, the pregnant patient begins to cry and hyperventilate. Which nursing diagnosis should the nurse use to guide the care that the patient needs at this time?

A) Fear related to impending surgery

How does a woman who feels in control of the situation during labor influence her pain?

A) Feelings of control are inversely related to the client's report of pain.

The fetus of a patient in labor is in a vertex presentation and at a -1 station. How should the nurse interpret the location of the fetal head?

A) Floating

While observing care being provided to an infant, the new mother looks at the nurse repeatedly and asks, "Am I doing this the right way?" Which nursing diagnosis should the nurse select to guide the care needs of the mother at this time?

A) Health-seeking behaviors related to care of newborn

A new mother asks you how soon she can breastfeed after delivery. Which of the following would be your best answer (barring unforeseen complications)?

A) Immediately after birth

A pregnant client in labor asks the nurse how soon the baby can be breastfed after delivery.

A) Immediately after birth

The nurse is concerned that a pregnant patient will have a complication from a medication after a cesarean birth. For which prescribed medications are complications most likely to occur? Select all that apply.

A) Insulin B) Anticoagulant C) Antihypertensive D) Antianxiety agent

What instructions should the nurse include when teaching a mother to care for her newborn's umbilical cord?

A) Keep it dry.

A primigravida whose baby is presenting breech is scheduled to have a cesarean birth. Which of the following would you prepare her for postoperatively?

A) Presence of an indwelling catheter

The nurse is collecting a urine specimen from a pregnant patient during a prenatal visit. For what will the nurse test this patient's urine? Select all that apply.

A) Protein B) Glucose C) Bacteria E) White blood cells

A patient having an examination to check the placement of an intrauterine device (IUD) is diagnosed as being pregnant. For which action should the nurse prepare the patient at this time?

A) Removal of the IUD

At the conclusion of a prenatal assessment, the nurse determines that a patient is at risk during the pregnancy. Which data from the patient's past illness history does the nurse use to make this decision? Select all that apply.

A) Seizure disorder C) Hypertension for 10 years E) Previous treatment for gonorrhea

The nurse providing care to patients in the labor and delivery suite desires to support the 2020 National Health Goals to reduce maternal and infant mortality after labor and birth. Which action should the nurse perform to support these goals?

A) Support laboring patients through the use of controlled breathing techniques.

The nurse is teaching a pregnant patient the cardinal movements of labor. What should the nurse explain that occurs once the fetal head presses on the sacral nerves at the pelvic floor?

A) The fetal head bends forward onto the chest.

During a home visit, a new mother is concerned that, after three meconium stools, her newborn has had a bright green stool. What should the nurse explain to the mother?

A) This is a normal finding.

A pregnant patient has an anthropoid pelvis. How should the nurse explain this finding to the patient?

A) Transverse narrow

The nurse in a community clinic is identifying ways to achieve the 2020 National Health Goals to support prenatal care. Which nursing actions would support the achievement of these goals? Select all that apply.

A) Urge female patients to ingest an adequate intake of folic acid. B) Recommend pregnant patients attend developmental childbirth classes. D) Provide a play area in the waiting room for the children of patients waiting to be seen. E) Support pregnant patients to achieve the recommended weight gain during pregnancy.

The nurse is caring for a woman who has had a baby by cesarean birth. Which of the following would be the most important assessment to make?

A) Whether her abdomen is soft or not

Which finding would lead the nurse to suspect that a woman is developing a postpartum complication?

A) an absence of lochia

The nurse notices that a newborn has a white discharge from his breasts. The nurse would explain to his parents that this is:

A) caused by his mother's hormones.

As a woman enters the second stage of labor, which would the nurse expect to assess?

A) feelings of being frightened by the change in contractions

The nurse assesses a postpartum woman's perineum and notices that her lochial discharge is moderate in amount and red. The nurse would record this as what type of lochia?

A) lochia rubra

When palpating for fundal height on a postpartal woman, which technique is preferable?

A) placing one hand at the base of the uterus, one on the fundus

Which assessment finding indicates to the nurse that a newborn has hip subluxation?

B) Inability of the right hip to abduct

A patient in labor who is dilated 7 cm reports that narcotic pain medication given 3 hours ago has worn off and is asking for another dose. How should the nurse respond to this request?

B) "Your stage of labor makes giving another dose unsafe."

The nurse is teaching a pregnant client about the nutritional value of breast milk. What information should the nurse include about the number of calories in a fluid ounce?

B) 20

A newborn is being breastfed. To evaluate nutritional adequacy, you should be aware that breast milk contains an average of how many calories?

B) 20 calories per ounce

Which of the following women most likely will not be a candidate to attempt a vaginal birth after having had a previous cesarean section?

B) A woman who had a cesarean section because of cephalopelvic disproportion

A newborn is prescribed to receive vitamin K 0.5 mg intramuscularly. What should the nurse do when providing this medication to the newborn?

B) Administer the medication into the anterolateral muscle

During a home visit, a new mother tells the nurse that her nipples are sore from breast-feeding. What should the nurse instruct the mother at this time? Select all that apply.

B) Apply lanolin to nipples after air exposure. C) Expose the nipples to air so the nipple dries. D) Position the baby differently for each feeding. E) Massage a few drops of breast milk to the areola.

During the active stage of labor, a patient's membranes spontaneously rupture. Which action should the nurse do first after this occurs?

B) Assess fetal heart rate for fetal safety.

A postpartal woman has a history of thrombophlebitis. Which action would help the nurse determine if she is developing this postpartally?

B) Assess for calf redness and edema.

A postpartum patient is prescribed docusate sodium (Colace) as treatment for constipation. What should the nurse include when teaching the patient about this medication? Select all that apply.

B) Be sure to engage in activity to aid in intestinal motility. D) This medication works the best when a high-fiber diet is consumed. E) Take each dose of the medication with a full glass of water or juice.

Which of the following is an advantage of breastfeeding for the infant?

B) Breast milk contains antibodies and thus decreases the possibility of gastrointestinal illnesses.

The nurse is preparing a seminar on breastfeeding for a group of pregnant clients. Which information should the nurse include during this seminar?

B) Breastfeeding enhances bonding with the infant.

Which of the following statements is true about breastfeeding?

B) Breastfeeding offers a good chance for bonding with the infant.

A postpartum patient is concerned about loose tissue around the abdominal area. Which exercise should the nurse recommend that the patient begin on postpartum day 2 to strengthen and tighten these muscles?

B) Chin-to-chest

The nurse completes a physical assessment of a newborn. Which finding should the nurse identify as being abnormal?

B) Clear drainage at the base of the umbilical cord

To prevent thrombophlebitis following a cesarean birth, which of the following would be most important to implement?

B) Encourage the woman to ambulate.

The parents of a newborn are concerned that something is wrong with their newborn's eyesight. What should the nurse instruct the parents as being an expected finding in the newborn?

B) Follows a light to the midline

The nurse is explaining the process of breast milk production with a client pregnant with her first child. What should the nurse include when providing this teaching? Select all that apply.

B) For the first 3 to 4 days, the breast milk is colostrum. D) True breast milk comes in by the 10th day after giving birth.

A patient who has just given birth to her first baby asks the nurse for help with breast-feeding. Which nursing diagnosis would be the most appropriate for the patient at this time?

B) Health-seeking behaviors

While reviewing a newborn's hospital record, which of the following would be most important for you to locate?

B) If he breathed spontaneously at birth

The health care provider is reluctant to provide pain medication to a patient delivering a preterm fetus. What should the nurse explain to the patient as the reason for the preterm fetus being more affected by medication?

B) Inability of the immature liver to metabolize or inactivate drugs

After pelvic measurements, a patient who is 20 weeks' pregnant is informed that the diagonal conjugate diameter is narrow. For which component of labor should the nurse plan care to address this?

B) Passageway

A pregnant patient nearing her due date expresses anxiety over the labor and delivery process. Which outcome should the nurse select as appropriate for the patient during the delivery process?

B) Patient uses breathing techniques to control anxiety and pain during labor.

A new mother asks if it is possible to have rooming-in with the newborn. How should the nurse respond to this patient's request?

B) Rooming-in allows increased maternal-newborn contact.

Which action would most make the nurse believe that a postpartum woman is accepting a child well?

B) She turns her face to meet the infant's eyes when she holds her.

A postpartum patient is experiencing painful hemorrhoids. Which position should the nurse suggest the patient use when resting?

B) Sims position

A woman who is two days postpartum has painful hemorrhoids postpartally. Which of the following positions would you suggest she use for resting?

B) Sims' position

A postpartum patient is reluctant to begin taking warm sitz baths. What should the nurse emphasize when teaching the patient about this treatment approach?

B) Sitz baths increase the blood supply to the perineal area

The nurse is visiting the family of a newly pregnant patient whose spouse was ambivalent about the pregnancy during the first prenatal visit. Which observation indicates that the spouse is accepting the pregnancy?

B) Spouse sits with the pregnant patient during the nurse's visit.

While conducting Leopold maneuvers, the nurse determines that the fourth maneuver does not need to be done. What information caused the nurse to make this decision?

B) The fetus is not in a cephalic presentation.

On the first postpartum day, a patient who underwent a cesarean section requests pain medication. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform first?

B) The location of the pain should be assessed.

During labor, a pregnant patient's doula uses therapeutic touch and massage. Which outcome indicates that these approaches have been effective?

B) The patient is not requesting pain medication.

A woman having a cesarean birth will have a low cervical incision. Which of the following would you cite as an advantage?

B) The skin incision will be just above her pubic hair.

The laboring client who is at 3 cm dilation and 25% effaced is asking for analgesia. The nurse explains the analgesia usually is not administered prior to the establishment of the active phase. What is the appropriate rationale for this practice?

B) This may prolong labor and increase complications.

If the monitor pattern of uteroplacental insufficiency were present, which action would the nurse do first?

B) Turn her or ask her to turn to her side.

A patient having a cesarean birth will have a low segment incision. What should the nurse explain to the patient as an advantage for this type of incision?

B) Vaginal deliveries can occur with future births.

A woman states that she still feels exhausted on her second postpartal day. The nurse's best advice for her would be to do which action?

B) Walk with the nurse the length of her room.

A postpartal woman with an episiotomy asks the nurse about perineal care. Which recommendation would the nurse give?

B) Wash her perineum with her daily shower.

A primapara woman, 30 weeks' gestation, has no family support and frequently calls the health care provider's office with questions. Which report by the woman would alert the nurse that she may be having a complication related to the pregnancy and needs to come to the clinic today for further assessment?

B) feeling of achy, cramping in vaginal area accompanied by bleeding that has saturated 1 pad/hour

On an Apgar evaluation, how is reflex irritability tested?

B) flicking the soles of the feet and observing the response

A woman refuses to have an epidural block because she does not want to have a spinal headache after birth. What would be the nurse's best response?

C) "Spinal headache is not a usual complication of epidural blocks."

A 33-week gestation infant dies after 1 week of life in the neonatal intensive care unit. This infant's death rate would be classified under which statistical category?

B) neonatal death

The nurse is caring for a mother who has just given birth to twins of 28 week's gestation, each weighing 2 kg. What is the health risk for the mother and the twins

B) neonatal death

On inspection, the nurse notes that a newborn has a normal newborn head/body proportion. This proportion for the head is:

B) one-fourth his total length.

A newborn infant has loose, yellow stools. Although the infant is healthy, his mother is concerned that this means he is allergic to breast milk. The nurse would explain to her that:

B) the stools of breastfed infants are normally loose

Implantation generally occurs at which place on the uterus?

B) the upper posterior surface

A woman states that she does not want any medication for pain relief during labor. Her primary care provider has approved this for her. What the nurse's best response to her concerning this choice?

C) "I respect your preference whether it is to have medication or not."

The nurse provides discharge instructions to a postpartum patient. Which patient statement indicates that teaching has been effective?

C) "I should plan to return to my full-time job after 6 weeks."

A woman is admitted to a labor unit in active labor. Which assessment would alert you to the possibility that she may have difficulty accepting this child?

C) "I want this baby to be a boy."

A client preparing for patient-controlled analgesia for pain relief after a cesarean birth asks if this is an effective way to control pain. How should the nurse respond to the patient?

C) "Not only is it effective but it also will reduce the amount of narcotic needed."

A woman who began breastfeeding develops sore nipples. The nurse bases her response on which of the following?

C) Exposing her nipples to air after each feeding should help.

The nurse is assessing the fundus of a patient on postpartum day 2. What should the nurse expect when palpating the fundus?

C) Fundus two fingerbreadths below umbilicus and firm

A husband asks if he can view his wife's cesarean birth. Which of the following reflects a modern policy on this subject?

C) He can view it if he chooses, especially because his wife will be awake.

The nurse documents that a newborn has a normal head-to-body proportion. What did the nurse document in the baby's medical record?

C) Head one fourth of total length

A patient who has been in labor for 20 hours is being prepared for an emergent cesarean birth. Which action will help ensure the patient's fluid status during the procedure?

C) Initial intravenous fluid therapy.

When teaching the pregnant patient about self-medicating for pain during labor, why did the nurse instruct the patient to avoid taking acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)?

C) Interference with blood coagulation with increased risk of bleeding in mother or infant

Why should a woman be cautioned against taking acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) to relieve pain in labor?

C) Interference with blood coagulation with increased risk of bleeding in mother or infant

A nurse places an external fetal monitor on a woman in labor. Which instruction would be best to give her?

C) Lie on her side so she is comfortable

A patient whose fetus is presenting breech is scheduled to have a cesarean birth. What should the nurse anticipate this patient will need to ensure maximum postoperative care?

C) Maintenance of an indwelling catheter

The nurse notices that a new mother who is beginning postpartum day 2 handles the newborn tentatively and does not kiss the child when holding him. What should the nurse suspect as the probable reason for this behavior?

C) Reacting normally to accepting a new child

The nurse is preparing materials to instruct a pregnant patient about the use of a local anesthetic to block specific nerve pathways. About which type of pain reduction technique will the nurse instruct the patient?

C) Regional anesthesia

During active labor, the nurse observes the patient crying during contractions and not using breathing techniques learned during prenatal classes. Which nursing diagnosis would be appropriate for the patient at this time?

C) Risk for ineffective breathing pattern related to breathing exercises

While documenting patient care, the nurse notes that a postpartum patient is accepting the birth of the child well. What did the nurse most likely observe to come to this conclusion?

C) Turns the face to meet the infant's eyes when holding the baby

On the second day postpartum following a cesarean birth, at which of the following locations would you expect to palpate the woman's fundus?

C) Two fingers below the umbilicus

Following a cesarean birth, a woman has 3000 mL of intravenous fluid ordered. The nurse anticipates in the plan of care that she will be kept NPO except for minimal ice chips until which time?

C) Until bowel sounds have returned

The fetus of a woman in labor is in a vertex presentation and at a -1 station. The nurse would interpret this to mean that the fetal head is:

C) floating.

When examining a newborn's eyes, the nurse would expect which assessment?

C) follows a light to the midline

A postpartal woman (gravida 1, para 1) asks immediately after delivery if she should request rooming-in with her infant. Your best response would be that:

C) rooming-in allows increased maternal-newborn contact.

The nurse is preparing to measure the diagonal conjugate of a pregnant patient's pelvis. Which anatomic landmarks will the nurse use to make this measurement?

D) Anterior surface of the sacral prominence and the posterior surface of the symphysis pubis

As a woman enters the second stage of labor, her membranes spontaneously rupture. When this occurs, what would the nurse do next?

D) Assess fetal heart rate for fetal safety.

The nurse is visiting a new mother who has been home with a new infant for 4 days. Which observation indicates that the mother's home environment was inadequately assessed prior to being discharged from the hospital?

D) Baby sleeps with the mother in bed.

A new mother asks the nurse to explain the difference between breastfeeding and formula when feeding a newborn. What should the nurse respond as an advantage of breastfeeding for the infant?

D) Breast milk contains antibodies and decreases the possibility of gastrointestinal illnesses.

A postpartal woman is concerned that her abdomen is extremely lax. Which exercise would the nurse suggest she start on the second day postpartum to tighten her abdominal muscles?

D) Chin-to-ches

On inspecting a newborn's abdomen, which finding would you note as abnormal?

D) Clear drainage at the base of the umbilical cord

The nurse is assisting a new mother begin breastfeeding. Which action is the most appropriate for the nurse to take at this time?

D) Encouraging her to lie on her side and help the baby become wide awake by talking to him

During labor, a fetus is identified as having uteroplacental insufficiency. Which tracing should the nurse assess on the monitor to confirm this finding?

D) Fetal heart rate declining late with contractions and remaining depressed

Which of the following supports why a preterm fetus usually is more affected by medication given at birth than a full-term fetus?

D) Inability of the immature liver to metabolize or inactivate drugs

When explaining what will occur during the first prenatal visit physical examination, a pregnant patient asks why a Papanicolaou smear is being done at this time. What should the nurse respond to the patient?

D) It detects cancer cells of the cervix, vulva, or vagina

A woman is scheduled to have epidural anesthesia for a cesarean birth. Which of the following would the nurse anticipate including in the preoperative plan of care while she waits for the anesthetic?

D) Keeping her turned on her side

A woman is scheduled to have epidural anesthesia for a cesarean birth. What should the nurse anticipate to include in the preoperative plan of care while the patient waits for the anesthetic?

D) Keeping in a side-lying position

The following are nursing measures commonly offered to women in labor. Which nursing intervention probably would be most effective in applying the gate-control theory for relief of labor pain?

D) Massage the woman's back

The nurse is determining care for a patient entering the active phase of labor. Which outcome would be the most appropriate for the patient at this time?

D) Patient will adjust body to attain the most comfortable position

The nurse encourages a patient recovering from a cesarean birth to begin early ambulation. For which outcome would this action be indicated?

D) Patient will not develop manifestations of thrombophlebitis.

The nurse is concerned that a patient in the second stage of labor will experience a drop in blood pressure. What should the nurse do to prevent this from occurring?

D) Position the patient side-lying.

The nurse is inspecting a male newborn's genitalia. Which action should the nurse avoid when conducting this assessment?

D) Retracting the foreskin over the glans to assess for secretions

A pregnant client had decided to breastfeed the infant but, after delivery, tells the nurse that formula feeding would be the best choice for her now. What nursing diagnosis should the nurse use to plan this client's care?

D) Risk for impaired parenting

A pregnant patient in labor is being encouraged to push with contractions. In which position should the nurse assist to help the patient at this time?

D) Semi-Fowler's position with legs bent against the abdomen

A nurse is assessing a postpartal woman. Which behavior would the nurse interpret as an indication that the woman is entering the taking-hold phase of the postpartal period?

D) She did her perineal care independently

A new mother is ambivalent about breastfeeding and agrees to do it for at least 3 months. What response should the nurse provide to the patient at this time that would support the 2020 National Health Goals?

D) Six months to 1 year of age is the best time frame to support the baby's growth needs.

When assessing a newborn's 5-minute Apgar score, how will the nurse determine reflex irritability?

D) Slapping the soles of the feet and observing the response

A nurse helps a postpartum woman out of bed for the first time postpartally and notices that she has a very heavy lochia flow. Which assessment finding would best help the nurse decide that the flow is within normal limits?

D) The color of the flow is red.

The nurse is preparing to assess the duration of contractions for a patient in labor. Which process should the nurse use to time the contractions?

D) The interval between the beginning and the end of one contraction

Which possible outcome would be a major disadvantage of any pain relief method that also affects awareness of the mother?

D) The mother may have difficulty working effectively with contractions.

The nurse instructs the client about skin massage and the gate-control theory of pain. Which statement would be appropriate for the nurse to include for client understanding of the nonpharmacologic pain relief methods?

D) This is a technique to prevent the painful stimuli from entering the brain.

Immediately following an epidural block, a pregnant patient's blood pressure suddenly falls to 90/50 mmHg. What action should the nurse take first?

D) Turn onto the left side or raise the legs.

Following a cesarean birth, a patient is prescribed to receive intravenous fluids. At which time should the nurse anticipate that this patient will be able to resume an oral intake?

D) When bowel sounds return

A woman asks you if she will have any difficulty breast-feeding following a cesarean birth. Which of the following would be your best response?

D) You will help her find a comfortable position for breastfeeding her infant.

On the first day postpartum, a new mother is concerned that her milk has not yet "come in." The nurse would explain to her that:

D) breast milk normally comes in on the third or fourth postpartum day.

If a fetus were not receiving enough oxygen during labor because of uteroplacental insufficiency, which pattern would the nurse anticipate seeing on the monitor?

D) fetal heart rate declining late with contractions and remaining depressed

When doing a health assessment, at which location would the nurse expect to palpate the fundus in a woman on the second postpartal day and how should it feel?

D) fundus two fingerbreadths below umbilicus and firm

The purpose of a circulatory shunt, such as the ductus arterioles is to:

D) permit oxygenated blood to supply the most important fetal organs

Which two tests are generally performed on urine at a prenatal visit?

D) protein and glucose

The injection of a local anesthetic to block specific nerve pathways is referred to as:

D) regional block

Immediately following an epidural block, a woman's blood pressure suddenly falls to 90/50. The nurse's first action would be to:

D) turn her on her left side or raise her legs

11. During the second stage of labor, a woman is generally:

D) turning inward to concentrate on body sensations.

More nurses are stepping into the role of the advanced practice nurse's role would be to provide care for children under the age of 18

Pediatric nurse practitioner

To give birth to her infant, a woman is asked to push with contractions. Which pushing technique is the most effective and safest?

head elevated, grasping knees, breathing out

A nurse is assessing a pregnant women in her second trimester and obtains a urine sample for analysis. When reviewing the results, which finding would cause the nurse to be concerned?

A) serum creatinine: 1.2 mg/100 mL (106 μmol/L)

A pregnant patient scheduled for an amniocentesis asks the nurse how the placenta is not punctured during the procedure. What should the nurse respond to the patient?

B) "A sonogram to locate it will be done first"

A pregnant woman needs to increase the amount of milk she drinks daily. Early in pregnancy, which statement would probably be most effective as a health teaching measure?

A) "Milk will strengthen your fingernails as well as be good for the baby"

A nurse is assessing a pregnant woman who has come to the clinic for a follow up visit. During the visit the nurse assesses the woman for evidence that she is working through the developmental tasks and adjusting psychologically. Which statement would the nurse interpret as indicating that the woman is adjusting positively?

A) "My mother and I are closer than ever before"

The nurse determines that a pregnant patient is working through developmental tasks. Which statement did the patient make to the nurse?

A) "My mother and I are closer than ever before"

Which actions should the nurse perform when supporting the goals of maternal and child health care? Select all that apply

A) Advocates protecting the rights of the mother and fetus B) Teaches family members interventions to improve health

Amniotic fluid does not grow stagnant because

A) Amniotic fluid is constantly formed by the amnion

Which trend is currently influencing maternal and child healthcare?

A) An expansion of community based services

During an assessment, the nurse asks a patient from a non-English-speaking culture which types of home remedies and herbs the patient uses for health care. What is the purpose of asking the patient this question

A) Analyze for herb-drug interactions

A client reports feeling increased levels of stress and anxiety before a routine ultrasound. What is an appropriate action by the nurse?

A) Encourage the client to meditate for a few minutes

The nurse is caring for a woman in a prenatal clinic who thinks she might be pregnant. Which assessment is a probable sign of pregnancy?

C) a positive pregnancy test

A pregnant woman tells the nurse she often has allergic responses to drugs. She is concerned that she will be allergic to her fetus or her body will reject the pregnancy. The nurse's reply would be based on which statement?

A) Immunologic activity is decreased during pregnancy

A pregnant patient who has frequent allergic responses to drugs is concerned about an allergic reaction to the fetus. What information will the nurse use when responding to this patient's concern?

A) Immunologic activity is decreased during pregnancy.

Which statement best describes the pattern of maternal mortality since World War II

A) It has steadily decreased

A woman reports to the clinic to have her IUD checked. During the visit it is determined she is 6 weeks pregnant. How will the presence of the IUD be handled?

A) It will be removed to allow the pregnancy to grow.

A pregnant patient is directed to perform a daily fetal movement count. What should the nurse instruct the patient about this count? Select all that apply

A) Lie down to do the count after eating a meal E) Count fetal movements until a total of 10 are counted and record the time

For which reasons would a nurse review infant mortality statistics in the United States. Select all that apply

A) Measures the quality of pregnancy care B) Reviews information on overall nutrition D) Determines infant health and available care E) Provides an index of the country's general health

A nurse is doing a literature search on maternal mortality and finds that direct causes comprise the majority of maternal deaths. Direct causes are noted to be unpredictable reasons. Which action would be most appropriate to implement that would have the greatest impact on reducing these numbers?

A) Practicing high standards of infection control

A newly wed young adult patient tells the nurse that she hopes to become pregnant soon. What should the nurse recommend to this patient to support the 2020 National Healh Goals for pregnancy? Select all that apply

A) Stop smoking C) Eat a healthy diet E) Limit alcohol intake

The nurse is running an education program for early grade-school children. Which topic would address the number one cause of death for this age group?

A) The importance of crossing the streets safely

A pregnant patient is observed talking with another patient holding an infant in the clinic waiting room. What does this observation indicate to the nurse?

A) The patient is role-playing.

When measuring the diagonal conjugate of a woman's pelvis, the distance between which anatomic landmarks would be used?

A) anterior surface of the sacral prominence and the anterior surface of the symphysis pubis

A patient who is 6 months pregnant is complaining of a lumbar backache. What actions should the nurse suggest to help this patient? Select all that apply.

A) do pelvic rocking B) Walk with head high C) Rest and elevate the feet

The nurse is reviewing the 2020 National Health Goals and notes that which is a focus of these goals

A) health promotion and disease prevention

Assessment for surfactant level is primary estimation of fetal maturity. The purpose of surfactant is to:

A) prevent alveoli form collapsing on expiration

A pregnant woman is asked to observe fetal movements as a fetal assessment technique. The nurse would instruct her to:

C) count fetal movements for 1 hour at the same time each day

An 18-year-old pregnant woman asks the nurse why she has to have a routine alphafetoprotein serum level drawn. The nurse explains that this:

C) may reveal chromosomal abnormalities

A nurse is providing teaching to a parenting class on childhood mortality prevention. Which topic would be the priority for the nurse to include?

C) seat belt safety

During the interview portion of her first prenatal visit, a woman reports she thinks she may have a vaginal infection. When questioned, she reports the discharge is thick, greenish-yellow, and she is very uncomfortable. She reports she thinks it is "yeast." How should the nurse reply?

B) "Yeast is usually a thick, cheesy, white discharge so we will need to evaluate it during the pelvic exam."

During a physical assessment, the nurse palpates a pregnant patient's fundus at the level of the umbilicus. What statement should the nurse make to the patient about this assessment finding?

B) "You are at 20 weeks of your pregnancy"

The fetal-assessment technique of a rhythm strip refers

B) A tracing of fetal heart rate compared to maternal pulse

During pregnancy, which situation would interfere with mother-child bonding?

B) A woman's father has been very ill during the pregnancy

After a routine examination, a patient tells the nurse that she plans to use a home pregnancy test to determine if she is pregnant. What should the nurse's response be to this patient's plan?

B) Arrange for prenatal care if the test is positive.

Which precaution should the nurse take with a pregnant woman following an amniocentesis?

B) Assess fetal heart rate and possible uterine contractions

A woman has come to the clinic for her first prenatal visit. Which method would be the most effective way for the nurse to initiate data gathering for a health history?

B) Conduct an interview in a private room to obtain her health history.

The nurse is providing care to a new mother and infant according to the quality and safety education for nurses competency approach. Which action should the nurse perform to demonstrate the skill for the competency of safety

B) Ensure the mother and newborn have intact identification bands

What makes the area of family nursing a difficult arena to provide care at times?

B) Family members who might not agree on treatments and a plan of care

The nurse is planning to instruct a patient who is 12 weeks pregnant on interventions to stop smoking. What should the nurse include in these instructions? Select all that apply.

B) Follow a smoking cessation plan C) Ask a friend to help with smoking cessation actions E) Ask the physician if a smoking cessation medication can be used

The nurse notes that statistics on maternal mortality had improved but are again becoming elevated. What does the nurse realize as a reason for this change in maternal mortality rates?

B) Gestational hypertension

A pregnant woman's husband does not voice concerns at prenatal visits. Which observation would lead the nurse to suspect that the husband is emotionally involved in the pregnancy

B) He walks around furniture as if his abdomen is enlarged

What is a current trend in child health care?

B) Health promotion rather than health restoration

The nurse works in a maternal and child care area that supports health promotion. Which activities will the nurse perform to support this philosophy of health care? Select all that apply.

B) Patient teaching C) Family counseling D) New mother advocacy

A nursing student asks an experienced nurse to explain the role of evidence-based practice on the maternal child unit. Which statement by the experienced nurse is most appropriate?

B) Women have been able to be successful at having a natural birth after a cesarean birth

On what day during pregnancy does the embryo implant on the uterine surface?

B) eight days after ovulation

What is a positive sign of pregnancy?

B) fetal movement felt by examiner

A nurse is reviewing the statistical outcomes related to fetal deaths nationwide and notes that the numbers have changed over the last several decades. The best explanation would be

B) improved prenatal

A fetus is capable of producing antibodies. The finding of IfM antibodies in an infant at birth implies that

B) the fetus contracted an infection during intrauterine life

The nurse determines that a fetal nonstress test is nonreactive for over 20 minutes. The nurse interprets this result as suggesting which situation? Select all that apply

B) the patient is hypoglycemic C) The patient is using an illicit drug E) The patient is smoking while pregnant

A woman in a prenatal clinic tells the nurse that her pregnancy was unplanned and unwanted. At what point in pregnancy does the average woman change her mind about an unwanted pregnancy?

B) when quickening occurs

The nurse instructs a pregnant patient on the need to increase foods containing folic acid. Which patient statement indicates that teaching has been effective?

C) "I will add spinach to my salad every evening."

To prepare his 4 year old son for a new baby, a father should use which statement?

C) "a new baby will make our family bigger but not change our love for you"

During a care conference, a nurse provides everyone with a copy of the latest research on improving the success of breast-feeding for the first-time mothers. Which quality & safety education for nurses competency does this nurse's action support

C) Evidence-based practice

After an examination, an advanced practice nurse confirms that a patient is pregnant. What did the nurse assess in this patient? Select all that apply

C) Fetal movements felt by the nurse D) Visualization of the fetus by ultrasound E) Fetal heart rate separate from the patient's

A patient who is 2 months pregnant is concerned about frequent urination. What should the nurse instruct the patient about this occurrence?

C) It is caused by pressure on the bladder from the uterus.

A pregnant patient asks why an a-fetoprotein serum level has been ordered. What should the nurse explain to the patient about this test?

C) It may reveal chromosomal abnormalities

A patient who is 28 weeks pregnant is demonstrating signs of placental insufficiency. The health care provider prescribes betamethasone. When teaching the patient about this drug's purpose, which information would the nurse include?

C) It potentiates the formation of surfactant

The nurse is completing a physical assessment with a patient who has just learned of being pregnant. The patient's last menstrual period was August 15. When should the nurse instruct the patient that the baby will be due?

C) May 22

A new mother asks the nurse if all of the new baby's injections can be given in one visit because the mother is losing income from missing work because of the office visits. What does this new mother's issue indicate to the nurse?

C) Missing work does not support the baby's health maintenance visits

The nurse is teaching a patient in the first trimester of pregnancy about the importance of folic acid in the diet and how folic acid supplements might be beneficial. For which reason is the nurse teaching the patient about this vitamin

C) Prevents neural tube disorders in the developing fetus

Which of the following would you advise a woman about breast self-examination during pregnancy?

C) She should choose a date each month to do this

During a prenatal examination, the nurse learns that a pregnant patient has a supernumerary nipple. What should the nurse teach the patient about this finding?

C) Such growths deepen in color during pregnancy.

The nurse is evaluating the fetal heart rate rhythm strip and determines that the amplitude varies with a rate 15-20 beats/min. What does this assessment finding indicate to the nurse about variability

C) Variability is normal

The nurse has been hired to provide care to patients on a maternal and child unit. What will the nurse use as a guide to legally provide care to this patient population?

C) standards of practice

A pregnant patient tells the nurse that she is not happy to learn about the pregnancy. At which point in the pregnancy does the nurse realize that the patient will changer her mind about the pregnancy?

C) when quickening occurs

What makes the area of maternal-child health nursing a more extensive area for consideration of legal issues than other areas of nursing?

Caring for a fetus, an unseen client

A nurse is providing care to a woman early in her pregnancy. The woman is scheduled for a sonogram to confirm the presence of the gestation sac. Which instruction would the nurse include when teaching the woman about this test

D) "Make sure to drink a large amount of fluid prior to the study"

A pregnant patient is concerned that the baby is going to drown in the uterus because of the fluid. What should the nurse respond about fetal respiration?

D) "Oxygen is provided to the baby through the placenta"

Utilize the GTPAL system to classify a woman who is currently 18 weeks pregnant. This is her 4th pregnancy. She gave birth to one baby vaginally at 26 weeks who died, experienced a miscarriage, and has one living child who was delivered at 38 weeks' gestation.

D) 4, 1, 1, 1, 1

A patient makes an appointment at the prenatal clinic because she thinks she might be pregnant. Which assessment is a probable sign of pregnancy?

D) A positive pregnancy test

The nurse is assessing a patient who is 3 months pregnant. Which breast changes would the nurse expect to assess in this patient?

D) Darkened breast areolae

During an assessment, a patient who is 5 months pregnant tells the nurse that she has to change her diet because she is just becoming too fat. Which nursing diagnosis should the nurse use to guide interventions for the patient at this time?

D) Disturbed body image

A pregnant patient is scheduled for an abdominal ultrasound. What should the nurse instruct the patient about this procedure?

D) Drink a glass of water every 15 minutes starting 90 minutes before the procedure

A non stress test is an assessment test based on which phenomenon?

D) Fetal heart sounds increase in connection with fetal movement

A nurse is reviewing a journal article about fetal development and the formation of various body systems. When reading about the development of the digestive system, the nurse finds information related to the developmental abnormality of omphalocele. The nurse demonstrates understanding of this information by identifying which situation as the reason for an omphalocele

D) Intestines failed to return to the abdominal cavity during intrauterine life

Why is a Papanicolaou smear done at the first prenatal visit?

D) It identifies abnormal cervical cells.

Which statement correctly defines the term "perinatal death rate"?

D) Number of deaths per 1000 live births beginning when the fetus reaches 500 g and ending 28 days after birth

A patient who learns of being 9 weeks pregnant asks the nurse to explain the changes that are occurring with her body?

D) Readiness for enhanced knowledge

A 20-year-old woman you see in a prenatal clinic has an accessory nipple. Which of the following teaching points would be most important to make with her?

D) Such growths deepen in color during pregnancy.

If a woman is 3 months pregnant, which finding related to breast changes would the nurse expect to assess?

D) darkened breast areolae

A program designed to decrease the infant mortality rate in the United States would probably make the greatest impact if it focused on which aspect of care?

D) increasing the number of women receiving prenatal care

The nurse is providing care in an organization that supports the maternal and child care continuum. Which type of patient care area is an example of this approach?

Family-centered care