Mathis Semester 1 Exam
In the Declaration of Pilnitz, the king of Prussia and emperor if Austria... A. declared war on the French revolutionaries B. declared their support for the French Revolution C. threatened to intervene to protect the French monarchy D. offered to take in the exiled french royal family
C. threatened to intervene to protect the French monarchy
Diderot's Encyclopedia was important because it... A. compiled classical Greek and Roman works B. spread Enlightenment ideas C. was the first publication printed with movable type D. was the first publication to include articles by women
B. spread Enlightenment ideas
The Battle of Saratoga marked a turning point in the American Revolution because.. A. it was the first American defeat in the war B. the American victory convinced France to support the Revolution C. it caused the British to sign the Treaty of Paris D. the French fleet helped the Americans triumph
B. the American victory convinced France to support the Revolution
One important result of the Estates-General was... A. tax reform B. the National Assembly C. an agreement to close the Bastille D. the abolishing of serfdom
B. the National Assembly
During the Enlightenment, what argument did government and church officials use to justify their war of censorship? A. a strict class system ensures social justice B. the old order reflects natural law C. God set up the old order D. the old order respects Roman tradition
C. God set up the old order
What rules discoverable by reason did Enlightenment thinkers try to apply to the study of human behaviors and society? A. natural right B. social contract C. natural law D. divine right
C. Natural Law
In 1789, the delegates to the Estates-General that broke away and declared themselves to be the National Assembly were from the... A. First Estate B. Second Estate C. Third Estate D. Fourth Estate
C. Third Estate
Participants in the Tennis Court Oath swore to continue meeting until they were able to bring about... A. a reduction in taxes B. the overthrow of Louis XVI C. a just constitution D. the fall of the Bastille
C. a just constitution
The Reign of Terror gave way to the Directory phase of the revolution in which the dominant political force was the... A. Jacobins B. Girondins C. bourgeoisie D. Council of Virtue.
C. bourgeoisie
What statement best describes Voltaire's novel Candid? A. supports a society based of a class system B. advocates the divine right to rule C. exposes corruption and hypocrisy D. emphasizes heavenly reward for earthly suffering
C. exposes corruption and hypocricy
Because American colonies were home to diverse religious and ethnic groups... A. the colonists tended to support British taxes B. the colonists tended to support British royalty C. social distinctions were more blurred than in Europe D. the colonists did not feel entitled to the rights of English citizens
C. social distinctions were more blurred than in Europe
Economist Adam Smith argued that, in a free market, business activity would be regulated by the forces of... A. wages and prices B. saving and investment C. supply and demand D. manufacturing and trade
C. supply and demand
American leaders gathered in Philadelphia in 1787 to revise... A. the Magna Carta B. the Bill of Rights C. the Articles of Confederation D. the Declaration of Independence
C. the Articles of Confederation
Enlightenment thinkers were influenced by the idea of natural law that emerged from the... A. reformation B. Glorious Revolution C. the Scientific Revolution D. Renaissance
C. the Scientific Revolution
Rotten boroughs in Britain were... a. run-down neighborhoods in London needing urban renewal b. rural towns that had an unfairly large amount of representatives in Parliament c. politcally corrupt towns and cities controlled by industrialists d. unclean factory towns that spread through Britain in the early 1800s
b. rural towns that had an unfairly large amount of representatives in Parliament
What was the result of the revolutionary uprising in Belgium in the 1830s? a. Belgium became an independent state with a liberal constitution b. French forces invaded Belgium to aid the rebels c. British forces invaded Belgium to aid the rebels d. Belgium and Holland were united under the Dutch king
a. Belgium became an independent state with a liberal constitution
Uprisings sparked by the dismantling of the Charter of French Liberties forced the abdication of... a. Charles X b. Louis Philippe c. Louis XVIII d. Napoleon III
a. Charles X
Who did King Leopold II hire to explore the Congo River basin and arrange trade treaties with African leader? a. Henry Stanley b. Dr. David Livingstone c. Sir Hiram Maxim d. Cecil Rhodes
a. Henry Stanley
In the Treaty of Nanjing, Britain gained control of... a. Hong Kong b. Taiwan c. the Suez Canal d. India
a. Hong Kong
Which of the following was a result of the Russo-Japanese War? a. Japan gained control of Korea b. Russia gained control of Korea c. Japan gained control of Taiwan d. Russian gained control of parts of Manchuria
a. Japan gained control of Korea
What "Hermit Kingdom" was forced to open its ports to Japanese trade in 1876? a. Korea b. Malaya c. Siam d. Tokyo
a. Korea
The Second Republic in France ended when... a. Louis Napoleon became emperor b. Louis Philippe became emperor c. Louis Napoleon abdicated d. the Third republic began
a. Louis Napoleon became emperor
By the 1800s Russian tsars saw the need to modernize, but they resisted because they thought reforms would... a. undermine their absolute rule b. slow the pace of westernization c. undermine their industrial might d. hold back revolutionary reforms
a. undermine their absolute rule
"The greatest happiness for the greatest number" was a goal of... a. utilitarianism b. socialism c. capitalism d. communism
a. utilitarianism
The Continental System was a form of... a. government b. economic warfare c. social class system d. oppression through terror
b. economic warfare
Most early factory workers were women because.. a. more women than men sought employment b. employers could pay women less than men c. women were less likely than men to have accidents d. women were more willing than men to work long hours
b. employers could pay women less than men
The British Corn Laws were supported by... a. liberals, who believed they encouraged free trade b. farmers and wealthy landowners, because they kept grain prices high c. city workers, because they kept the cost of bread low d. middle-class business leaders, who thought they promoted competition
b. farmers and wealthy landowners, because they kept grain prices high
In 1853, President Millard Fillmore sent a fleet of American ships into lower Tokyo Bay to... a. start a war with Japan b. force Japan to open its ports c. offer American aid to help Japan industrialize d. force Japan to give up claims on Korea
b. force Japan to open its ports
As the Ottoman empire crumbled, Russia plotted to seize the Bosporus and Dardanelles in order to.. a. build a Berlin-to-Baghdad railway b. gain access to the Mediterranean Sea c. build a canal through Egypt d. gain control of the Red Sea
b. gain access to the Mediterranean Sea
Liberals strongly supported laissez-faire economics as the best way to... a. improve the lives of working-class people b. help business succeed c. maintain social and political stability d. bring about national unity
b. help businesses succeed
At the Berlin Conference, European powers agreed that, in order to claim part of Africa, a European power had to... a. conquer the ruling African tribes there b. set up government offices there c. establish missions there to spread the Christian faith d. establish businesses there
b. set up a government office there
When it was founded in 1900, the British Labour Party was primarily made up of... a. women suffragists and Church members b. socialists and union members c. Irish immigrants who wanted Irish home rule d. landowners and conservatives
b. socialists and union members
The United States gained control of the land for the Panama Canal by... a. invading Panama and seizing the land b. helping the Panamanian revolt against Colombia in exchange for land c. helping the Panamanian win independence from Spain d. backing an invasion of Panama by Colombia
b. helping the Panamanian revolt against Colombia in exchange for land
Which of the following was an obstacle to Italian unity? a. the efforts of Risorgimento b. identification with local regions c. a strong monarch d. the efforts of the red shirts
b. identification with local regions
The population of Europe exploded between 1800 and 1900 in large part because... a. couples had more children b. medical advances reduced the death rate c. cities eliminated slums d. couples started families at a younger age
b. medical advances reduced the death rate
The ideas of liberals were sometimes called "bourgeois liberalism" because liberals spoke mostly for the... a. common man b. middle class c. established church d. monarchy
b. middle class
During the struggle for Italian unification, the "Red Shirts" were forces made up of... a. anarchists b. nationalists c. socialists d. monarchists
b. nationalists
The interest of Europeans in Iran intensified with what discovery in the region? a. gold b. oil c. diamonds d. copper
b. oil
Romanticism can be described as a revolt against the Enlightenment's emphasis on... a. religion b. reason c. the past d. legends and folklore
b. reason
Laws called "factory acts" were passed in the early 1800s to... a. provide free education for working children b. reform child labor c. allow workers to organize into unions d. provide the right to vote for working-class men
b. reform child labor
What was a Filipino complaint about Spanish rule in the late 1800s? a. Filipinos did not have access to public education b. the Catholic Church abused its power c. Spain would not allow the Philippines to become a U.S. protectorate d. Catholic beliefs conflicted with traditional Filipino religious practices
b. the Catholic Church abused its power
The quotation above expresses the main idea of... a. the Roosevelt Corollary b. the Monroe Doctrine c. the Taft Agreement d. the Groover Treaty
b. the Monroe Doctrine
What was a result of the treaty that ended the Spanish-American War? a. the Philippines gained independence from France b. the United States gained control of the Philippines c. the Philippines gained control of Cuba d. the Philippines gained independence from the United States
b. the United States gained control of the Phillipines
What invention did the internal combustion engine make possible? a. the steamboat b. the Wright Brothers' flying machine c. the telegraph d. Faraday's electric motor
b. the Wright Brothers' flying machine
Which of the following helped Japan modernize during the Meiji period? a. the emperor stepped down and a democracy was formed b. the constitution ended legal distinctions between classes c. the samurai directed the democracy d. Japan rejected Western technology
b. the constitution ended legal distinctions between classes
The Platt Amendment gave the United States the right to intervene in the affairs of... a. Mexico b. all of Latin America c. Cuba d. Panama
c. Cuba
Ethiopia was able to remain independent because... a. Europeans could not reach its remote location b. Europeans agreed to its independence at the Conference of Berlin c. Ethiopia modernized and imported European weapons d. Ethiopia agreed to accept Christianity as its state religion
c. Ethiopia modernized and imported European weapons
What war brought an end to France's Second Empire? a. Thirty Years' War b. Crimean War c. Franco-Prussian War d. Napoleonic War
c. Franco-Prussian War
Meiji reformers chose to model the new Japanese government after the government of... a. the United States b. Great Britain c. Germany d. the Netherlands
c. Germany
Italian unification was complete when Naples and Sicily were turned over to Victor Emmanuel by... a. Camillo Cavour b. Giuseppe Marconi c. Giuseppe Garibaldi d. Otto von Bismarck
c. Giuseppe Garibaldi
Toussaint L'Oventure led a revolt that eventually resulted in independence for... a. Mexico b. Brazil c. Haiti d. Argentina
c. Haiti
In the 1800s, what was a major reason why the Irish resented the British in Ireland? a. the British prohibited the organization of Irish labor unions b. the British would not grant universal manhood suffrage c. Irish peasants paid high rents to British absentee landlords d. Irish peasants had to pay tithes to support the Catholic Church
c. Irish peasants paid high rents to British absentee landlords
The rise to power of the Tokugawa family resulted in... a. the westernization of Japan b. the end of feudalism in Japan c. Japanese isolation d. the First Sino-Japanese War
c. Japanese isolation
Which revolutionary leader helped Argentina win freedom from Spain? a. Toussaint L'Oventure b. Agustin de Iturbide c. Jose de San Martin d. Simon Bolivar
c. Jose de San Martin
Today's electric generators work on the same principles as the dynamo invented by... a. Thomas Edison b. Benjamin Franklin c. Michael Faraday d. Guglielmo Marconi
c. Michael Faraday
In the late 1800s, the British began to profit from which important port in southern Malaya? a. Vietnam b. the Moluccas c. Singapore d. Laos
c. Singapore
What theory applied the idea of natural selection to the development of business and society? a. socialism b. social gospel c. Social Darwinism d. capitalism
c. Social Darwinism
What was the result of widespread anti-Semitism in Europe in the late 1800s? a. Georges Boulanger pushed for European social reform b. Emile Zola organized the First Zionist Congress c. Theodor Herzl helped to launch modern Zionism d. The French government advocated that Jews created their own state
c. Theodor Herzl helped to launch modern Zionism
Which group established communities where all work is shared and all property is owned in common? a. Communists b. capitalists c. Utopians d. Utilitarians
c. Utopians
The desire to return to the purity and simplicity of Muhammad's original teachings was the goal of what Islamic reform movement? a. Mahdi b. Qajar c. Wahhabi d. Young Turks
c. Wahhabi
As the Boers of southern Africa migrated north, they clashed with the... a. Asante b. Fulani c. Zulus d. Yao
c. Zulus
Which of the following was a long-term result of the Industrial Revolution? a. a general decline in the standard of living b. the overall poverty of the working class c. a general rise in the standard of living d. an overall decline in population
c. a general rise in the standard of living
Through reforms that took place during the 1800s, Britain transformed itself into... a. an oligarchy b. a constitutional monarchy c. a parliamentary democracy d. an aristocracy
c. a parliamentary democracy
Siam avoided becoming a European colony by... a. raising an army equal in size European armies b. forming alliances with other peoples of Southeast Asia c. accepting unequal treaties and modernizing d. having little that European nations wanted
c. accepting unequal treaties and modernizing
Father Miguel Hidalgo's "el Grito de Dolores" was a... a. call for the creoles to pray b. petition to the U.S. government to free the slaves c. call to fight for Mexican independence d. constitution for the United Provinces of Central America
c. call to fight for Mexican independence
Unlike revolutions in other Latin American countries, Haiti's fight for freedom was... a. achieved without bloodshed b. led by a priest c. carried out by slaves d. aided by British troops
c. carried out by slaves
The popular saying "A man's home is his castle" reflected what middle-class value of the late 1800s? a. temperance b. women's suffrage c. cult of domesticity d. romanticism
c. cult of domesticity
The Hundred Days of Reform in China was partly brought about by China's.... a. defeat in the Opium War b. defeat in the Taiping Rebellion c. defeat in the Boxer Rebellion d. defeat in the Sino-Japanese War
c. defeat in the Boxer Uprising
Englishman John Dalton made an important breakthrough in chemistry by showing that... a. atoms exist within the periodic table b. all atoms are basically alike c. each element has its own kind of atoms d. elements can be grouped according to their atomic weights
c. each element has its own kind of atoms
German socialists formed a social democracy in the 1860s in order to transition gradually... a. from socialism to capitalism b. form socialism to communism c. from capitalism to socialism d. from communism to capitalism
c. from capitalism to socialism
What did Mathew B. Brady accomplish in the visual arts? a. his pictures captured the beauty and power of nature b. he photographed the cathedral at Rouen, France from different angles c. he took realistic pictures of the Civil War d. he took postimpressionist pictures with a dreamlike quality
c. he took realistic pictures of the Civil War
In the late 1800s, what did Charles Lyell accomplish? a. He wrote On the Origin of Species b. he uncovered fossilized Neanderthal bones in Germany c. he was a pioneer in the new science of geology d. he developed atomic theory
c. he was a pioneer in the new science of geology
Bloody Sunday served as a turning point in Russia because... a. it strengthened the tsar's power b. it led to Japan's triumph over Russia c. it caused the people to lose faith in the tsar d. it marked the beginning of World War I
c. it caused the people to lose faith in the tsar
The Luddites were a... a. new religious movement b. political party c. labor organization d. secret socialist group
c. labor organization
Land enclosure in the 1600s and 1700s resulted in... a. more farms b. more peasant farmers c. larger farms d. more fenced farms
c. larger farms
What contributed to the overwhelming majority of French voters that supported Louis Napoleon and his Second Empire? a. his plans for a socialist state appealed to workers b. he promised to maintain the principles of the Second Republic c. many voters thought that a monarchy was more stable than a republic d. many voters were impressed by his plans for universal suffrage
c. many voters thought that a monarchy was more stable than a republic
In the early 1700s, Abraham Darby's experiments led him to... a. develop methods for increasing crop yields b. patent a spinning machine called the water frame c. produce less expensive, better-quality iron d. harness new sources of energy
c. produce less expensive, better-quality iron
The putting-out system was a method of... a. removing iron from its ore b. separating seeds from cotton c. producing cloth in individual homes d. spinning thread with the water frame
c. producing cloth in individual homes
In what way were railroads an improvement over canals? a. Railroads could connect two rivers b. railroads could connect an inland town to a coastal port c. railroads did not have to follow the course of a river d. railroads were the only form of overland transportation
c. railroads did not have to follow the course of a river
In the Kulterkampf, Bismarck's goal was to... a. unify the Germans and Austrians b. reduce the power of the socialists c. reduce the power of the Catholic Church d. increase the power over the monarch
c. reduce the power of the Catholic Church
In the 1830s, Prussia created a union called the Zollverein, which promoted German unity by... a. establishing German as the official language b. establishing Frederick William IV as king of a united German states c. removing tariff barriers between German states d. banding together to fight Napoleon's invading forces
c. removing tariff barriers between German states
Synthetic dyes were among the new products that resulted from cooperation between German industrialists and... a. farmers b. bankers c. scientists d. workers
c. scientists
According to socialists, the solution to poverty and injustice was.. a. armed revolution to overthrow the proletariat b. individual ownership of the means of production c. shared ownership by the people of the means of production d. the charity and good works of the religious community
c. shared ownership by the people of the means of production
The Concert of Europe was an agreement to.. a. support social reform b. support political reform c. support the old order d. support revolutions
c. support the old order
A major goal of the decision maker at the Congress of Vienna was to... a. restore the sans-culottes to power in France b. divide France among victors c. suppress revolutionary uprisings throughout Europe d. destroy Napoleon's forces at Waterloo
c. suppress revolutionary uprisings throughout Europe
Tsar Alexander III launched a program of Russification, in which he... a. emancipated the serfs b. introduced legal reforms, such as trial by jury c. suppressed non-Russian cultures within the empire d. secured foreign investment to develop Russian industry
c. suppressed non-Russian cultures within the empire
During the Reign of Terror, trials and executions were carried out under the authority of... a. Louis XVI b. the National Assembly c. the Committee of Public Safety d. Napoleon
c. the Committee of Public Safety
In 1815, why did the Congress of Vienna unite the Austrian Netherlands and the Kingdom of Holland? a. The Belgians wanted to unite with Holland due to their similar cultures b. the Dutch wanted to unite to expand trade c. the Congress wanted to create a strong barrier to French expansionism
c. the Congress wanted to create a strong barrier to French expansionism
Which of the following was a socialist group that had a strong influence on British politics? a. the Communards b. the Progressives c. the Fabian Society d. the Fenian Brotherhood
c. the Fabian Society
The "self-strengthening movement" did not succeed in China becuase... a. a multinational force crushed the movement b. Guang Xu was imprisoned by conservatives c. the Qing government did not support it d. Sun Yixian abandoned the movement
c. the Qing government did not support it
What was a result of the Taiping Rebellion that began in China in 1850? a. the British won the island of Hong Kong b. Chinese peasants won representation in a new republic c. the Qing government survived but had to share power d. the British seized lands in northern China
c. the Qing government survived but had to share power
What was one result of the Sepoy Rebellion? a. The British no longer used Sepoys in their army b. The British were driven out of the Hindu area of India c. The Sepoys won representation in the British colonial government d. Parliament ended the rule of the East India Company
d. Parliament ended the rule of the East India Company
What colony did the British help create for freed slaves in West Africa in 1787? a. Nigeria b. Gold Coast c. Liberia d. Sierra Leone
d. Sierra Leone
French Indochina was made up of... a. China, India, and Burma b. China, Vietnam, and Thailand c. Java, the Moluccas, and Malaya d. Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia
d. Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia
When Italy unified, what form of government did it take? a. an absolute monarchy b. a republic c. a socialist democracy d. a constitutional monarchy
d. a constitutional monarchy
What happened after the French helped Italian nationalists defeat Austria in the mid-1800s? a. Italian nationalists formed an alliance with Prussia b. France invaded the regions of Nice and Savoy c. Prussian troops invaded Italy to support Austria d. A united Italy became a rival on France's border
d. a united Italy became a rival on France's border
Bismarck's editing of the Ems dispatch resulted in... a. an alliance between France and Prussia b. an alliance between Sardinia and Prussia c. a war between Sardinia and Prussia d. a war between France and Prussia
d. a war between France and Prussia
According to laissez-faire economists, the cure for poverty was... a. welfare b. laws requiring factories to increase wages c. popular reform movements d. an unrestricted free market
d. an unrestricted free market
Bismarck became the king's highest official when he assumed the title of... a. prime minister b. kaiser c. president d. chancellor
d. chancellor
Under the Napoleonic Code, French married women... a. were granted only limited voting rights b. were prohibited from taking jobs outside the house c. were required to report for military duty d. had no right to their own earnings
d. had no right to their own earnings
Louis Philippe was called the "citizen king" because... a. he did not come from royal heritage b. he treated people of all classes equally c. unlike other kings, he was a native of France d. he owed his throne to the people
d. he owed his throne to the people
Creating a homeland for people who shared a common heritage was a major goals of... a. revolutionaries b. liberals c. conservatives d. nationalists
d. nationalists
Which of the statements below is true about British social reforms of the mid-1800s? a. the number of capital offenses was increased b. Parliament shut down British penal colonies c. British mineowners were forbidden to hire women and children d. new laws limited women and children to a 10-hour work day
d. new laws limited women and children to a 10-hour work day
In the 1700s, Latin American political and social life was dominated by the.. a. creoles b. mestizo c. mulattoes d. peninsulares
d. peninsulares
During the Industrial Revolution, life changed in what basic way? a. people migrated from villages to work on large farms b. people began selling their goods instead of trading them c. people learned to use machines to make their own clothes d. people migrated from rural areas to cities
d. people migrated from rural areas to cities
Russia did not industrialize as soon as other countries because it lacked.... a. expertise b. capital c. technology d. political stablility
d. political stability
The first British colonists to settle Australia in large numbers were... a. sugar planters b. whalers c. Aborigines d. prisoners
d. prisoners
The purpose of the Open Door Policy was to... a. bring Western-style reforms to China b. protect the British opium trade in China c. carve up China among the European powers d. protect U.S. trading rights in China
d. protect U.S. trading rights in China
The Indian National Congress was formed to... a. make laws for British-controlled India b. push for a separate Muslim state c. advise the British in setting Indian policy d. push for Indian self-rule
d. push for Indian self-rule
The cotton gin was a machine that could... a. spin thread b. weave thread into cloth c. remove insects from raw cotton d. separate seeds from raw cotton
d. separate seeds from raw cotton
The Bessemer process was a method for producing... a. electricity b. textiles c. identical components d. steel
d. steel
The purpose of Normal Schools was to train students to be... a. doctors b. priests c. good wives d. teachers
d. teachers
A production in which workers repeatedly perform one task in the manufacturing process is called... a. interchangeable parts b. the Bessemer process c. cottage industry d. the assembly line
d. the assembly line
The Boer War was sparked by... a. the migration of Boers into British terrritory b. the migration of Boers into Zulu territory c. the desire of the British to take Cape Colony from the Dutch d. the discovery of gold and diamonds on the Boer-held lands
d. the discovery of gold and diamonds on the Boer-held lands
Which issue in the platform of the Populist Party eventually became law in the United States? a. the right of African Americans to vote b. the abolition of alcoholic beverage c. a system of free public education d. the eight-hour workday
d. the eight-hour workday
One result of the October Manifesto was... a. the establishment of zemstvos b. a bloody revolution c. the rise of the Socialists d. the establishment of the Duma
d. the establishment of the Duma
In 1848 in Seneca Falls, New York, Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized... a. a reform movement supporting temperance laws b. a convention to push for educational reforms c. a women's labor reform protest movement d. the first women's rights convention
d. the first women's rights convention
In Bismarck's practice of Realpolitik, his political actions were guided by... a. the needs of the people b. traditional morality c. the principles of divine right d. the needs of the state
d. the needs of the state
Conservatives of the early 1800s believed in... a. natural rights b. constitutional governments c. universal manhood suffrage d. the restoration of monarchies
d. the restoration of monarchies
In Japanese society under the Meiji, women had... a. the same legal status as men b. the same legal status as their husband c. no legal status d. the same legal status as minors
d. the same legal status as minors
The Chartist movement in Britain demanded.. a. free trade that would end quotas and tariffs b. restricting the power of the House of Lords c. the abolition of slavery in the colonies d. the secret ballot
d. the secret ballot
Why did missionaries land in New Zeland in 1814? a. to convery the Aborigines to Christianity b. to seek new scientific discoveries c. to set up a democratic government d. to convert Maori to Christianity
d. to convert the Maori to Christianity
What was a goal of revolutionaries in the Italian states in 1848? a. to unite Italian states into one country b. to overthrow King Frederick William IV c. to end French occupation of northern Italy d. to end Hapsburg domination and set up constitutional governments
d. to end Hapsburg domination and set up constitutional governments
Abraham Darby made better quality iron by... a. using charcoal to smelt iron b. using oil to smelt iron c. using steam to smelt iron d. using coal to smelt iron
d. using coals to smelt iron
Which of the following best describes David Ricardo's "Iron Law of Wages?" a. wages will increase in direct proportion to the rise in prices b. wages will continue to increase for the rich but not for the poor c. wages will never increase as long as there are more workers than available jobs d. wage increases will not raise the standard of living of poor families
d. wage increases will not raise the standard of living of poor families
Bedford College in England and Mount Holyoke in the United States were among the first colleges for... a. a classical education b. a religious education c. people of all races d. women
d. women
The people who lived in tenements in industrial cities were part of the a. bourgeoisie b. upper class c. middle class d. working class
d. working class
Which country was able to remain outside Napoleon's European empire? A. Britain B. Belgium C. Italy D. Netherlands
A. Britain
In France's old order, the clergy belonged to the... A. First Estate B. Second Estate C. Third Estate D. Fourth Estate
A. First Estate
The system of checks and balances in the United States Constitution was influenced by the ideas of which Enlightenment thinker? A. Montesquieu B. Voltaire C. Rousseau D. Diderot
A. Montesquieu
Which of the following British laws imposed taxes on such items as newspapers and pamphlets in the American colonies? A. Stamp Act B. Navigation Act C. Declaratory Act D. Sugar Act
A. Stamp Act
Elegant compositions by Handel, Hayden, and Mozart reflected a new musical style of the Enlightenment known as... A. classical B. barque C. folk D. romantic
A. classical
An enlightened despot was a ruler who... A. influenced political and social change B. gave up absolute power C. allowed limited voting rights D. wrote satire to expose corruption
A. influenced political and social change
Physiocrats supported a government policy of.... A. laissez faire B tariffs C mercantilism D trade regulation
A. laissez faire
What war tactic helped the Russians defeat Napoleon? A. scorched-earth policy B. Continental System C. Waterloo Strategy D. blockades
A. scorched-earth policy
The National Assembly voted to pay off the huge government debt by... A. selling Church lands B. selling lands owned by Louis XVI C. raising taxes on property D. instituting an income tax
A. selling Church lands
The poorest members of the Third Estate were... A. urban workers B. bourgeois workers C. nuns and priests D. philosophes
A. urban workers
When the new National Convention met in 1792, what form of government did the radicals create? A. a constitutional monarchy B. a republic C. a dictatorship D. an absolute monarchy
B. a republic
Enlightenment writers often faced censorship because they.... A. wrote fiction B. challenged old order C. supported traditional ideas D. wrote in salons
B. challenged the old order
Enlightenment writers sometimes tried to avoid censorship by... A. writing in Latin B. disguising their ideas as fiction C. putting false covers on their books D. supporting a strict class system
B. disguising their ideas as fiction
In A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Mary Wollstonecraft argued that women and men should have equal.... A. property rights B. education C. voting rights D. employment opportunities
B. education
The constitution created a federal republic, which divided power between... A. branches of state government B. national and state government C. two houses of Parliament D. the government and the people
B. national and state governments
The Congress of Vienna promoted the principle of legitimacy by... A. restoring Napoleon to the throne B. restoring hereditary monarchies C. establishing a republic in France D. combining France and Belgium
B. restoring hereditary monarchies
The women who marched on Versailles refused to leave until the king agreed to... A. reduce the price of bread B. return to Paris C. open government jobs to the poor D. give up the throne
B. return to Paris
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen was modeled on the... A. United States Constitution B. British Magna Carta C. United States Bill of Rights D. American Declaration of Independence
D. American Declaration of Independence
What Enlightenment thinker argued that the purpose of government is to safe guard the natural rights of the people? A. Thomas Hobbes B. Voltaire C. Rene Descartes D. John Locke
D. John Locke
Which enlightened despot traveled among the peasants in disguise to learn about their problems? A. Catherine the Great B. Maria Theresa C. Frederick the Great D. Joseph II
D. Joseph II
The idea of separation of powers in the Constitution was borrowed from Enlightenment thinker... A. Voltaire B. Locke C. Rousseau D. Montesquieu
D. Montesquieu
Britain passed the Navigation Acts to... A. Support free trade in the colonies B. Encourage world exploration C. Crack down on smugglers D. regulate colonial trade and manufacturing
D. Regulate colonial trade and manufacturing
What form of government did the National Assembly create with the Constitution of 1791? A. an absolute monarchy B. a republic C. a theocracy D. a limited democracy
D. a limited democracy
According to Thomas Hobbes, the best form of government is... A. a federal republic B. a democracy C. a theocracy D. an absolute monarchy
D. an absolute monarchy
Which of the following was an advantage of the colonists in the American Revolution? A. Large money resources for military supplies B. a large number of trained soldiers C. allies among Native Americans and enslaved people D. diverse geography
D. diverse geography
In France's old order, which of the following groups were members of the bourgeoisie... A. nobles B. clergy C. peasants D. merchants
D. merchants
In the 1700s, British merchants gained enormous wealth by dominating what type of trade with Spanish America? A. tea B. molasses C. cotton D. slaves
D. slaves
Louis XVI was forced to dismiss his financial adviser, Jacques Necker, when Necker proposed.... A. reimposing manor dues B. reducing court spending C. abolishing tariffs on internal trade D. taxing the First and Second estates
D. taxing the First and Second estates
Napoleon's final defeat was at the... a. Battle of Waterloo b. Battle of Nations c. Battle of Moscow d. Battle of Austerlitz
a Battle of Waterloo
One result of the social welfare reforms passed in Great Britain in the early 1900s was that... a. Marxism gained only limited support among the British working class b. the appeal of Irish nationalism gradually subsided c. the Conservative party became the dominant political party in Britain d. Britain finally abolished the slave trade
a. Marxism gained only limited support among the British working class
The Shona of Zimbabwe organized to resist Europeans imperialism under the leadership of... a. Nehanda b. Yaa Asantewaa c. Samori Toure d. Menelik II
a. Nehanda
In the 1890s, U.S. farmers joined city workers to support the... a. Populist party b. Labor party c. Socialist Workers party d. American Freedom party
a. Populist party
In the late 1800s, the United States, Germany, and Britain agreed to a triple protectorate over the Pacific island of... a. Samoa b. Hawaii c. Malaya d. Borneo
a. Samoa
Rifle cartridges greased with animal fat were a key cause of the... a. Sepoy Rebellion b. Mughal Rebellion c. Taiping Rebellion d. Armenian Genocide
a. Sepoy Rebellion
Which of the following was an obstacle to progress in Russia in the 1800s? a. a rigid social structure b. few natural resources c. a powerful middle class d. little productive land
a. a rigid social structure
In the government Bismarck set up for the German empire, membership in the Reichstag was determined by... a. a vote of all male citizens b. inherited titles of nobility c. appointment by the rulers of the German states d. Bismarck
a. a vote of all male citizens
Which of the following was a feature of the new Japanese political system created by the Meiji reformers? a. absolute power of the emperor b. a one-house legislature c. expanded voting rights d. a two-house legislature elected by the people
a. absolute power of the emperor
Bismarck introduced many social reforms in Germany because he wanted to... a. avoid a socialist revolution b. fulfill the state's obligation to its people c. win votes for reelection d. move the country toward democracy
a. avoid a socialist revolution
A company that sells ownership shares to many investors is a... a. corporation b. trust c. monopoly d. cartel
a. corporation
David Livingstone believed that opening the interior of Africa to Christianity and trade would... a. end the slave trade b. reduce African resistance to European imperialism c. rob Africans of their culture and traditions d. spark revolts across Africa
a. end the slave trade
What contribution to medical science did German doctor Robert Koch make in the 1880s? a. he identified the bacteria that causes tuberculosis b. he traced malaria back to the mosquito c. he developed a process called pasteurization d. he developed a cure for yellow fever
a. he identified the bacteria that causes tuberculosis
In 1859, Camillo Cavour provoked a war between Sardinia and Austria because... a. he wanted to end Austrian power in Italy b. the Austrian king had insulted a Sardinian ambassador c. German forces would fight for Sardinia against Austria d. Austrian assassins had attacked Victor Emmanuel
a. he wanted to end Austrian power in Italy
Jeremy Bentham believed that... a. laws should be judged by whether they bring more pleasure than pain b. citizens should be more willing to give up individual freedom for the good of the majority c. government should play no role in the economy d. poverty was inevitable, in spite of wage increases for the working class
a. laws should be judged by whether they bring more pleasure than pain
Under Napoleonic Code... a. men regained complete authority over their wives b. most Enlightenment principles were abandoned c. the practice of religion was banned d. many aspects of feudalism were restored
a. men regained complete authority over their wives
The development of steam power enabled the growth of... a. railroads b. canals c. the putting-out system d. cottage industries
a. railroads
An artist of the mid-1800s who portrays the harsh lives of slum dwellers was probably using what artistic style? a. realism b. impressionism c. neoclassicism d. romanticism
a. realism
Reformers in what movement argued that the use of alcoholic beverages harmed family life and reduced worker productivity? a. temperance b. abolition c. suffrage d. social gospel
a. temperance
The first factories developed in what industry? a. textiles b. agriculture c. coal mining d. iron manufacturing
a. textiles
After independence, Britain, France, and Russia pressured the Greeks to accept a German king because a. the European powers did not support the revolution's nationalist ideals b. the European powers wanted to create a unified Europe c. the European powers did not believe the Greeks could successfully govern themselves d. the European powers feared the Greeks would ally with Austria
a. the European powers did not support the revolution's nationalist ideals
In 1832, large towns and cities in Britain received greater representation in Parliament as a result of... a. the Great Reform Act b. the People's Charter c. the secret ballot d. universal manhood suffrage
a. the Great Reform Act
William Lloyd Garrison pushed for what kind of social change? a. the end to slavery in the United States b. universal suffrage in the United States c. the advancement of workers rights through U.S. labor unions d. the regulation of U.S. monopolies
a. the end to slavery in the United States
During the "June Days" in France, why did the peasants attack protesting socialist workers? a. they feared the socialists would take their land b. they were fighting to restore monarchy c. they feared the socialists would take away their right to vote d. they feared the socialists would take away their right to start businesses
a. they feared the socialists would take their land
Through the aid of Prince Maximilian, Napoleon III hoped to... a. turn Mexico into a French satellite b. bring an end to the Crimean War c. help Italian nationalists defeat Austria d. acquire the areas of Nice and Savoy
a. turn Mexico into a French satellite
The technology for America's first textile factory came from... a. Japan b. Britain c. Germany d. France
b. Britain
In 1869, what chemist developed a table that became the basis for the periodic table of elements used today? a. John Dalton b. Dmitri Mendeleyev c. Charles Lyell d. Thomas Edison
b. Dmitri Mendeleyev
Which country was able to preserve its independence by defeating Italian invader in 1896? a. Rhodesia b. Ethiopia c. Algeria d. Congo
b. Ethiopia
Japan gained control of Taiwan as a result of the... a. Treaty of Portsmouth b. First Sino-Japanese War c. Russo-Japanese War d. March First Movement
b. First Sino-Japanese War
What leader, backed by royalists and ultranationalists, was accused of plotting to overthrow the French republic? a. Ferdinand de Lesseps b. Georges Boulanger c. Georges Clemenceau d. Alfred Dreyfus
b. Georges Boulanger
For a short time after liberation from Spanish rule, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama were part of a single nation called... a. the United Provinces of Central America b. Gran Colombia c. New Granada d. Hispaniola
b. Gran Colombia
In 1800, Austria was ruled by the oldest ruling house in Europe, called the... a. Hohenzollens b. Hapsburgs c. Bourbons d. Romanovs
b. Hapsburgs
Charles Stewart Parnell was a leading figure in the... a. abolitionist movement b. Irish nationalist movement c. British labor movements d. education reform movement
b. Irish nationalist movement
Steam became an efficient power source because of improvements made by... a. John Stuart Mill b. James Watt c. Thomas Newcomen d. Eli Whitney
b. James Watt
Japan lacked many basic resources, yet it industrialized rapidly after 1868 because... a. Japanese business leaders had a great deal of wealth to invest b. Japanese political leaders placed a high priority on modernization c. Japanese engineers developed superior technology d. many British engineers came to Japan and set up industries there
b. Japanese political leaders placed a high priority on modernization
Who discovered that sterilizing surgical instruments with antiseptics would help prevent infection? a. Florence Nightingale b. Joseph Lister c. Louis Pasteur d. Robert Koch
b. Joseph Lister
What major event occurred during "February Days" in France in 1848? a. Charles X abdicated b. Louis Philippe abdicated c. Louis Napoleon was elected president
b. Louis Philippe abdicated
What ruler is sometimes called the "father of modern Egypt" due to the reforms he made? a. Muhammad Ahmad b. Muhammad Ali c. Usman dan Fodio d. Menelik II
b. Muhammad Ali
What event in Europe in 1808 encouraged widespread rebellion in Latin America? a. the Italian states set up independent republics b. Napoleon ousted the Spanish king c. Hungarian nationalists demanded independence d. Serbia rebeled against the Ottomans
b. Napoleon ousted the Spanish king
What postimpressionist painter used a style that look like "primitive" folk art? a. Claude Monet b. Paul Gaugin c. Charlotte Bronte d. Henrik Ibsen
b. Paul Gauguin
What was the result of the 1830 revolt in Poland? a. Poland set up a constitutional monarchy b. Russian forces crushed the revolt c. Poland became an independent republic d. Russia, Austria, and Prussia divided up Poland
b. Russian forces crushed the revolt
William II asked Bismarck to resign because... a. Bismarck had lost favor with the people b. William II wanted no rivals c. Bismarck had falsified William's telegram to the French ambassador d. William II wanted a stronger military leader
b. William II wanted no rivals
When radicals took control of the Legislative Assembly in the fall of 1792, they extended voting rights to... a. all citizens b. all male citizens c. all male property owners d. all male and female property owners
b. all male citizens
The slave trade contributed to the rise of industry in Britain by... a. creating a large factory workforce b. bringing in investment capital c. providing cheap labor d.increasing the demand for goods
b. bringing in investment capital
In order to repress the involvement of the Catholic Church in French government, reforms.. a. tried to limit freedom of worship b. created a system of free public elementary schools c. limited the hours that churches could lie open d. forced Catholics out of high government offices
b. created a system of free public elementary schools
Karl Marx despised capitalism because he believed that it... a. limited the individual freedoms of the people b. created prosperity for a few and poverty for many c. discouraged labor unions d. prevented government from protecting workers
b. created prosperity for a few and poverty for many
Thomas Malthus discouraged vaccinations because... a. he feared that vaccinations would cause disease b. disease was a natural means of population control c. vaccinations were not yet effective enough to control disease d. vaccinations were too expensive for the poor
b. disease was a natural means of population control
Which of the following was one of Sun Yixian's "Three Principles of the People?" a. redistribution of property b. economic security for all Chinese c. shared ownership of the means of production d. government based on Confucian tradition
b. economic security for all Chinese
When the Frankfurt Assembly offered Frederick William IV of Prussia the throne of a united German state in 1848, the ruler refused because... a. not all the German states were included b. the offer came from "the people" c. the real power would remain with the individual states d. the governments of the states ad not agreed to the offer
b. the offer came from "the people"
Conservative leaders in Latin America in the 1800s believed in... a. laissez-faire economics b. the traditional social order c. religious toleration d. freedom of the press
b. the traditional social order
Which statement best describes how Catholic and Protestant missionaries interacted with African natives? a. they respected African cultures and religions b. they saw natives as children in need of guidance c. they turned a blind eye to the slave trade d. they treated the natives as equals
b. they saw natives as children in the need of guidance
Emancipation of the serfs benefited the Russian economy because many former serfs... a. rose to become the new merchant class b. took jobs in factories c. acquired large country estates d. helped expand the empire by joining the army
b. took jobs in factories
The United States gained control of Texas after armed conflict with the forces of... a. Benito Juarez b. Simon Bolivar c. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna d. Porfirio Diaz
c. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
In the Ottoman empire, tensions between Turkish nationalists and ethnic groups seeking independence sparked genocide against the... a. Young Turks b. Algerians c. Armenians d. Serbs
c. Armenians
After the defeat of Napoleon I, the Congress of Vienna created the German Confederation headed by... a. Russia b. Prussia c. Austria d. Hungary
c. Austria
The Dual Monarchy was a combination of... a. Austria and Germany b. Germany and France c. Austria and Hungary d. Germany and Hungary
c. Austria and Hungary
What was the result of the British North America Act of 1897? a. Britain annexed Canada b. Britain created the provinces of Upper Canada and Lower Canada c. Canada gained self-rule d. Upper and Lower Canada became one province
c. Canada gained self-rule
African Americans were allowed to vote in the United States when.. a. Congress declared Southern voter eligibility b. Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860 c. Congress passed the Fifteenth Amendment d. Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation
c. Congress passed the Fifteenth Amendment
By the 1860s, Benjamin Disraeli had forged the old Tory Party into the modern... a. Liberal Party b. Labour Party c. Conservative Party d. Whig Party
c. Conservative Party
Britain created the provinces of Upper Canada and Lower Canada when it passed the... a. British Act of Union in 1840 b. British North America Act of 1867 c. Constitutional Act of 1791 d. Proclamation of 1793
c. Constitutional Act of 1791
Milos Obrenovic was able to win Russian support for Serb independence because... a. he promised the Russians a portion of Serb territory in exchange for their aid b. he promised the Russians that Serbs would support the Russian revolution c. the Russians and Serbs shared a common language and religion d. the Russians and Serbs both sought freedom form Ottoman rule
c. the Russians and Serbs shared a common language and religion
Robespierre believed that France could achieve a "republic of virtue" only through... a. extending suffrage to more citizens b. electing a strong, absolute ruler c. the use of terror d. observing strict religious laws
c. the use of terror
What limited the effectiveness of women involved in the temperance movement? a. they cared too much about the suffrage movement b. they did not want to be involved in political issues of the day c. they could not vote and were barred from most schools d. they were too busy with their family life to vote
c. they could not vote and were barred from most schools
Which of the following was a Social Darwanist argument in favor of Western imperialism? a. colonies would bring wealth and prestige to the home country b. western nations needed outlets for their growing population c. westerners thought they had a duty to bring civilization to inferior races d. increased trade would benefit all peoples
c. westerners thought they had a duty to bring civilization to inferior races
Which of the following is a true statement about the Dual Monarchy? a. one parliament made laws for both Austria and Hungary b. Austria and Hungary became one country ruled by the Hungarian monarch c. Austria and Hungary shared the same constitution d. Austria and Hungary remained separate states
d. Austria and Hungary remained separate states
Which of the following were writers of the realism movement? a. Edgar Degas and Georges Seurat b. William Wordsworth and Percy Byshhe Shelley c. Gustave Courbet and Thomas Eakins d. Charles Dickens and Victor Hugo
d. Charles Dickens and Victor Hugo
After overthrowing the Directory in 1799, Napoleon and his followers set up a three-man governing board call the... a. Revolutionaries b. Assembly c. Convention d. Consulate
d. Consulate
What did the Catholic Emancipation Act accomplish in Ireland in 1829? a. Irish Catholics were granted freedom of religion b. Irish Catholics were granted the right to govern themselves c. British landlords could no longer charge unfair rents to Irish Catholics d. Irish Catholics were allowed to vote and hold office
d. Irish Catholics were allowed to vote and hold office
The March First Movement was a... a. Japanese reform movement b. French-Canadian nationalist movement c. Mexican reform movement d. Korean nationalist movement
d. Korean nationalist movement
What event spurred Simon Bolivar and his followers to begin the struggle for independence? a. the revolt in Haiti b. the constitution forced on the Spanish king c. the execution of Father Morelos d. Napoleon's occupation of Spain
d. Napoleon's occupation of Spain