McGraw Hill Smart Book - Chapter 6 - Skeletal System
the most superior seven vertebrae are classified as vertebrae.
cervical
The spinal cord exits from the cranium through the foramen magnum, which is located in the ________ bone
occipital
The branch of medicine that specializes in treating diseases and disorders of the skeletal system is
orthopedic
Bone forming cells which deposit bone matrix are called ___.
osteoblasts
Cells which function to breakdown bone matrix during bone remodeling are called ___.
osteoclasts
Bone cells are called __________.
osteocytes
The general term for bone formation is ______
osteogenesis
The bones that form the sides and the roof of the cranium are the __________ bones
parietal
The fibrous connective tissue membrane that lines outer surface of a bone:
periosteum
The cranium and facial bones comprise the ___
skull
Identify the bones of the lower limb. -A -B -C -D
- Tibia -femur -patella -fibula
The typical vertebral column consists of ____cervical vertebrae, _____thoracic vertebrae and ____ lumbar vertebrae. (Identify a number.)
-5 -12 -5
Match the type of vertebrae with the typical number of that type in the vertebral column. -cervical -htoracic -lumbar
-7 -12 -5
Identify the vertebral curvatures. A B C D
-A - CERVICAL -B - THORACIC -C - LUMBAR -D - SACRAL
Identify the bones of the pectoral girdle and the upper limb. -A -B -C -D -E
-A - CLAVICAL -B - SCAPULA -C - HUMERUS -D - ULNA -E - RADIUS
Match the following movements depicted in the image with the correct term. A B C D E F
-A - Dorsiflexion -B - Plantar flexion -C - Inversion -D - Eversion -E - Felxion -F - Extension
Identify the indicated vertebral structures. A B C D E
-A - Spinous process -B - superior articular facet -C - transverse process -D - vertebral foramen -E - body
Identify the bones of the pelvis and their markings: -A -C -B -D -E
-A - ilium -C - sacrum -B - acetabulum -D - obturator foramen -E - pubic symphysis
Match each of the structures of a typical long bone with its description: -the end of a long bone -The shaft of a long bone -Protects and cushions the ends of a long bone -Space within the shaft of a long bone -Fibrous membrane that covers bones
-Epiphysis -Diaphysis -Articular Cartilage -Medullary Cavity -Periosteum
Match each of the following types of synovial joints with the correct example(s). -gliding joint -condyloid joint -hinge joint -saddle joint -ball-and-socket joint -pivot joint
-Joint between clavicle and scapula -Joint between metacarpal and proximal phalanx -Elbow and knee -Joint between carpal and metacarpal of thumb -Shoulder and hip -Joint between atlas and axis
Identify the bones classified as facial bones. -Ethmoid and sphenoid -Maxillae and mandible -Temporal and occipital -Lacrimal and nasal -Palatine and vomer
-Lacrimal and nasal -Palatine and vomer -Maxillae and mandible
Match the following vertebral structures with the best description. -Body -Vertebral Foramen -Spinous process -Intervertebral formaina -Transverse processes
-Load bearing portion of the vertebra -Space through which the spinal cord passes -Posterior extension of the vertebra -Lateral passageways for spinal nerves -Lateral extensions of the vertebra
Identify the bones that form the nasal septum. -Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid -Vomer -Inferior nasal conchae -Zygomatic -Nasal bone
-Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid -Vomer
The frontal bone forms which of the following features of the skull? -Roof of the nasal cavity -Superior portion of the orbits -Roof of the mouth -The upper jaw -Forehead
-Roof of the nasal cavity -Superior portion of the orbits -Forehead
The clavicle articulates laterally with the acromion process of the _______and medially with the _______.
-Scapula -Sternum
Identify the indicated fontanelles located in the skull of an infant. -B -C
-Sphenoid fontanelle -Mastoid fontanelle
The occipital bone forms which of the following features of the skull? -The roof of the nasal cavity -The floor of the cranium -The lateral sides of the cranium -The posterior portion of the cranium -The forehead
-The floor of the cranium -The posterior portion of the cranium
Which of the following are components of the thoracic cage? -Thoracic vertebra -Clavicle -Sternum -Scapula -Costal cartilages -Ribs
-Thoracic vertebra -Sternum -Costal cartilages -Ribs
Which of the following bones are part of the axial skeleton? -Humerus -Coxal bones -Vertebral column -Skull -Ribs
-Vertebral column -Skull -Ribs
Match the suture with the correct description. -coronal suture -sagittal suture -lambdoid suture -squamous suture
-between the frontal bones and the parietal bones -between the left and right parietal bones -between the occipital and parietal bones -between the parietal and temporal bones
Bone is made up of the following active living tissues: -bone tissue -endocrine tissue -nervous tissue -lymphatic tissue -cartilage -dense irregular connective tissue -blood
-bone tissue -nervous tissue -cartilage -dense irregular connective tissue -blood
List the curvatures of the vertebral column from top to bottom
-cervical -thoracic -lumbar -sacral
The bones of the pectoral girdle include the ___. -clavicle -scapula -ulna -sternum -ribs
-clavicle -scapula
List the events of intramembranous ossification in the correct sequence.
-connective tissue membrane is formed in an embryo -connective tissue cells become osteoblasts -Osteoblasts deposit spongy bone at the center of the connective tissue membrane -Osteoblasts from the periosteum form a protective layer of compact bone
The skull bones are subdivided into categories called the____________and the ______________ bones.
-cranial -facial
Match the following types of joint with the correct description. -no movement -slight movement -freely moveable
-fibrous joint -Cartilaginous joint -Synovial joint
Functions of the periosteum include ___. -formation and repair of bone tissue -formation of blood cells -protection -storage of fat
-formation and repair of bone tissue -protection
List the sequence of events of endochondral ossification in the correct order.
-hyaline cartilage model forms -primary ossification center forms in the middle of developing bone -blood vessels and nerves penetrate the primary ossification center -secondary ossification centers form in the epiphysis -epiphyseal plate separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis
The three processes that extend from the temporal bone are the ___. -mastoid process -spinous process -zygomatic process -styloid process -coronoid process
-mastoid process -zygomatic process -styloid process
Functions of the paranasal sinuses include ___. -reduce the weight of the skull -resonance of sound -allowing a person to breath
-reduce the weight of the skull -resonance of sound
The suture between the right and left parietal bones is the suture and the ________ suture between the temporal and parietal bones is the ________suture.
-sagittal -squamosal
Identify the bones and cartilages of the thoracic cage.
-sternum -costal cartilages -true ribs -False ribs
The general signs and symptoms of arthritis are ___. -swelling -bone demineralization -inflammation -pain
-swelling -inflammation -pain
ow many thoracic vertebra are there in a typical vertebral column?
12
The vertebral column consists of ___ vertebrae, the sacrum and the coccyx.
24
When does ossification, the formation of bone, begin in an embryo?
6-7 weeks
The vertebral column consists of _____ cervical vertebrae, ____ thoracic vertebrae, ______ lumbar vertebrae, the sacrum and the coccyx. OR Within a typical vertebral column there are ___ cervical vertebrae, ___ thoracic vertebrae and ___ lumbar vertebrae.
7-12-5
Identify the structures of a typical long bone by matching the letters to the structures. A- B- C- D- E- F-
A-Epiphysis B-Diaphysis C-Articular Cartilage D-Compact Bone E-Medullary Cavity F-Periosteum
Identify the bones of the skull indicated by A-E. A- B- C- D- E-
A-Ethmoid B-lacrimal C-nasal D-zygomatic E-maxilla
Identify the paranasal sinuses shown. A- B- C- D-
A-Frontal Sinus B-Ethmoid Sinus C-Sphenoid Sinus D-Maxillary Sinus
Identify the three processes that extend from the temporal bone. A- B- C-
A-Mastoid process B-styloid process C-zygomatic process
Identify the following facial bones. A- B- C- D- E- F-
A-Nasal B-Lacrimal bone C-Middle Nasal Concha D-Zygomatic E-Inferior nasal concha F-vomer
Identify the bones of the skull indicated the letters. A- B- C- D- E-
A-Parietal B-Temporal C-Mandible D-Frontal E-Sphenoid
The image marked _____ is depicting abduction?
B
Which image is depicting a typical thoracic vertebra? A? B? D?
B
Which image is depicting flexion? A? B?
B
Which of the following bones are located in the lower limb? -Humerus -Femur -Metatarsals -Fibula -Carpals -Tibia
Femur Metatarsals Fibula Tibia
Which of these bones is U-shaped and is located inferior to the mandible?
Hyoid
Ivan has a compound fracture of his femur. Identify the branch of medicine that the emergency room doctor would call for a consult.
ORTHOPEDICS
Which of these bones are part of the upper limb? Metatarsals Radius Carpals Fibula Ulna Humerus
Radius Carpals Ulna Humerus
A joint disease that is characterized by inflammation, swelling and pain is called ___.
arthritis
The head, neck, and trunk are all included in the __________skeleton
axial
Attachment of muscles to the _______allows skeletal movement.
bones
The nasal bones form the _______.
bridge of the nose
The most superior seven vertebrae are classified as __________vertebrae.
cervical
A fracture which extends all way through a bone is said to be a(n) ___ fracture.
complete
The parietal bones are joined to the frontal bone by the ___ suture and to each other along the midline by the ___ suture.
coronal; sagittal
he bones of the pelvic girdle include the two ___________bones.
coxal
The bridge of the nose is formed by the fused ______ bones.
nasal
The shaft of a long bone located between the epiphyses is called the _____________
diaphysis
The type of bone formation (ossification) shown here is ___.
endochondral ossification
The type of ossification that begins with a hyaline cartilage model is ________.
endochondral ossification
The general term for the end of a long bone is
epiphysis
The incompletely ossified areas of an infants skull are called ___.
fontanelles
The largest anterior portion of the cranium is formed by the ____________ bone.
frontal
The bone located in the neck that does not articulate with other bones and attaches to the muscles of the tongue is the __________ bone.
hyoid
Beth has a hairline fracture extending half way through her tibia. This fracture is said to be a(n) ___ fracture.
incomplete
The cartilaginous discs that separate the vertebra are called ______discs.
intervertebral
Most bones of the skull are formed via _________.
intramembranous ossification
The junction between two or more bones is called a(n) ______
joint
Bone cells are found in small chambers located between the lamellae. These chambers are called ____________
lacunae
The only moveable bone of the skull is the
mandible
The sella turcica, which contains the pituitary gland, is located in the _________ bone.
sphenoid
The temporal bones are joined to the parietal bones superiorly by the ___ suture and to the occipital bone posteriorly by the ___ suture.
squamous; lambdoid
The fused immovable joint depicted here at the tip of the blue arrow is called a _____.
suture
The bones of the cranium are fused together by immovable joints called ___________
sutures
The external auditory meatus passes through the ________ bone.
temporal
The bone that makes up the inferior portion of the nasal septum is the _____.
the vomer
The cervical vertebrae are unique in that they have a(n) ___ that serves as a passageway for blood vessels and nerves.
transverse foramen
True or false: Blood cells are formed in the red bone marrow.
true
True or false: Each bone is made up of a variety of different tissue types.
true
The lower part of the nasal septum is the______ bone.
vomer
The nasal septum is formed by the _____ and the _____.
vomer; perpendicular plate of the ethmoid
The bones that form the cheek bones are called the ___ bones.
zygomatic