MCQ Basic Science 1

"A pituitary adenoma is likely to result in which of the following? A. Cushing's syndrome B. Deficiency in T3 and T4 C. Diabetes insipidus D. Osteoporosis E. Stunted growth or dwarfism"

A

"A hospital worker is found to have hepatitis B surface antigen. Subsequent tests reveal the presence of e antigen as well. The worker most likely A. Is infective and has active hepatitis B. Is infective but does not have active hepatitis C. Is not infective D. Is evincing a biologic false-positive test for hepatitis E. Has both hepatitis B and C"

A

"A 4-day-old boy weighing 7 lb, 6 oz is brought to the emergency room by his parents. The examining emergency room physician notes that his skin and sclerae are icteric. A blood test indicates elevated unconjugated bilirubin in the serum. The elevated bilirubin levels in this patient are most likely the result of which of the following? A. Deficiency of enzymes regulating bilirubin solubility B. Hepatocellular proliferation C. Decreased destruction of red blood cells D. Dilation of the common bile duct E. Increased hepatocyte uptake of bilirubin"

A

"A 43-year-old man who recently returned from a trip to rural Peru presents with severe watery diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration. He also has marked leg cramps and has lost 8 lb since his return from the trip. Fecal culture is positive for V. cholerae. How does this bacterium exert its effect? A. Activation of enterokinase on the brush border of epithelial cells B. Activation of cholecystokinin effects on pancreatic secretion C. Closure of chloride channels in the enterocyte cell membrane D. Inhibition of cyclic AMP in the enterocytes E. ADP-ribosylation of GS of the GTP-binding protein in enterocytes"

A

"A 5-year-old boy sustains a tear in his gastrocnemius muscle when he is involved in a bicycle accident. regeneration of the muscle will occur through which of the following? A. Differentiation of satellite cells B. Dedifferentiation of myocytes into myoblasts C. Fusion of damaged myofibers to form new myotubes D. Hyperplasia of existing myofibers E. Differentiation of fibroblasts to form myocytes"

A

"A full-term male infant displays projectile vomiting 1 h after suckling. There is failure to gain weight during the first 48 hours. The vomitus is not bile-stained and no respiratory difficulty is evident. Examination reveals an abdomen neither tense nor bloated. Which of the following is the most probable explanation? A. Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis B. Congenital absence of a kidney C. Patent ileal diverticulum D. Imperforate anus E. Tracheoesophageal fistula"

A

"Adults who have had varicella as children occasionally suffer a recurrent form of the disease, shingles. The agent causing these diseases is a member of which of the following viral families? A. Herpesvirus B. Poxvirus C. Adenovirus D. Myxovirus E. Paramyxovirus"

A

"An HIV-positive patient asks you if you can tell him the chances of him progressing to symptomatic AIDS. Which one of the following tests would be most useful? A. CD4 lymphocyte count B. HIV antibody test C. HIV RT PCR D. Neopterin E. HIV p24 antigen"

A

"An HIV-positive patient prior to being treated with AZT, DDI, and saquinavir has a CD4 lymphocyte count and an HIV RNA viral load test done. results are as follows: CD4: 50 CD4 lymphocytes per microliter, HIV RNA: 750,000 copies per ml. Which of the following statements best describes the above patient? A. This patient is no longer in danger of opportunistic infection B. The 5-year prognosis is excellent C. The patient's HIV screening test is most likely negative D. The patient is not infectious E. The viral load of 750,000 copies per ml suggests that the patient will respond to triple therapy"

A

"Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is common. Which one of the following statements best characterizes CMV? A. It can be transmitted across the placental barrier B. While a common infection, CMV is almost always symptomatic C. The CMV can be cultured from red blood cells of infected patients D. Unlike other viral infections, CMV is not activated by immunosuppressive therapy E. There is no specific therapy for CMV"

A

"Hepatitis E, a recently characterized hepatitis virus, is best described by which of the following statements? A. It is not a threat to the blood supply B. It is a major cause of blood-borne hepatitis C. It is prevalent in North America D. It is a single-stranded DNA virus E. The disease resembles hepatitis C"

A

"Infection with hepatitis D virus (HDV; delta agent) can occur simultaneously with infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or in a carrier of hepatitis B virus because HDV is a defective virus that requires HBV for its replicative function. What serologic test can be used to determine whether a patient with HDV is an HBV carrier? A. HBsAg B. HBc IgM C. HBeAg D. HBs IgM E. HBs IgG"

A

"The asymmetry of the cell membrane is established primarily by which of the following? A. Membrane synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum B. Membrane modification in the Golgi apparatus C. Presence of carbohydrates on the cytoplasmic surface D. The distribution of cholesterol E. Flipping proteins between the leaflets of the lipid bilayer"

A

"The cerebral cortex forms from which of the following? A. telencephalon B. Myelencephalon C. Metencephalon D. Mesencephalon E. Diencephalon"

A

"The clinical picture of arbovirus infection fits one of three categories: encephalitis, hemorrhagic fever, or fever with myalgia. One of the characteristics of arboviruses is that they A. Are transmitted by arthropod vectors B. Are usually resistant to ether C. Usually cause symptomatic infection in humans D. Are closely related to parvoviruses"

A

"The neural plate forms directly from which of the following? A. Ectoderm B. Endoderm C. Somatopleuric mesoderm D. Splanchnopleuric mesoderm E. Hypoblast"

A

"Which of the following is the function of the vestibular membrane? A. Maintain the gradient between the endolymph and the perilymph B. Maintain communication between the tympanic and vestibular cavities C. Transmit sound to the oval window D. Maintain the concentration gradient necessary for sensory transduction E. Dampen the action of the auditory ossicles"

A

"Which of the following locations is optimal for fertilization of an ovulated egg by sperm to occur? A. Ampulla of the oviduct B. Uterus C. Infundibulum of the oviduct D. Isthmus of the oviduct E. Cervical canal of the uterus"

A

"Which of the following processes is responsible for fusion of the paired dorsal aortae? A. Lateral folding B. Craniocaudal folding C. Looping of the heart tube D. Neurulation E. Gastrulation"

A

"Which one of the following markers is closely associated with HBV infectivity and DNA polymerase activity? A. HBeAg B. HBsAg C. HBcAg D. Anti-HBc E. HBeAb"

A

"Which one of the following viruses may be human tumor virus? A. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) B. HIV C. Papillomavirus D. Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) E. Herpes simplex virus, type 2 (HSV)"

A

"A 19-year-old teenager is brought to the emergency room after a single-car accident just 20 minutes earlier in which she lost control of her car on black ice and hit a retaining column of an overpass at about 45 miles per hour. She was wearing a seat belt but looks pale, has tachycardia and positional hypotension, is extremely nauseated, and is lying in the fetal position due to increasingly severe abdominal pain. She has no fractures and a cranial nerve test is normal. You order an abdominal CT because you suspect which of the following? A. Lacerated kidney B. Ruptured spleen C. Ruptured gallbladder D. Diverticulitis E. Hemorrhoids"

B

"A patient has arthralgia, a rash, lymphadenopathy, pneumonia but no fever. Which of the following diseases is most likely based on these symptoms? A. Dengue fever B. St. Louis encephalitis C. Infectious mononucleosis D. Hepatitis E. HIV infection"

B

"Atypical lymphocytosis is most likely to be found in which one of the following diseases? A. Encephalitis caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) B. Mononucleosis induced by Epstein-Barr virus C. Parvovirus infection D. Chronic hepatitis C E. Rotavirus gastroenteritis"

B

"Cells that form the three primitive germ layers are derived from which of the following? A. Cytotrophoblast B. Epiblast C. Syncytiotrophoblast D. Hypoblast E. Yolk sac"

B

"Fetal blood from the placenta is about 80% oxygenated. However, mixture with unoxygenated blood at various points reduces the oxygen content. Which of the following fetal vessels contains blood with the highest oxygen content? A. Abdominal aorta B. Common carotid arteries C. Ductus arteriosus D. Pulmonary artery E. Pulmonary vein"

B

"Gallbladder pain often presents as epigastric pain that then migrates towards the patient's right side and can even wrap around to the posterior. The referred pain is not the site of the problem. Anatomically where is the gallbladder located? A. Between the left and caudate lobes of the liver B. Between the right and quadrate lobes of the liver C. In the falciform ligament D. In the lesser omentum E. In the right anterior leaf of the coronary ligament"

B

"Hepatitis C (HCV) is usually a clinically mild disease, with only minimal elevation of liver enzymes. Hospitalization is unusual. Which one of the following statements best characterizes HCV? A. Few cases progress to chronic liver disease B. It often occurs in post transfusion patients C. HBV but not HCV infections occur in IV drug abusers D. It is a DNA virus E. blood products are not tested for antibody to HCV"

B

"In dislocation of the jaw, displacement of the articular disk beyond the articular tubercle of the temporomandibular joint results from spasm or excessive contraction of which of the following muscles? A. Buccinator B. Lateral pterygoid C. Medial pterygoid D. Masseter"

B

"In the developing embryo, the edge of the ectoderm is continuous with which of the following? A. Chorion B. Amniotic membrane C. Yolk sac lining D. Extraembryonic mesoderm E. Adventitia of the umbilical vessels"

B

"In the developing human embryo/fetus, most of the internal organs begin to form in which month? A. First B. second C. Fourth D. Sixth E. Ninth"

B

"One of the most common sexually transmitted diseases that may lead to cervical carcinoma is caused by which of the following viruses? A. Cytomegalovirus B. Papillomavirus C. Epstein-Barr virus D. Herpes simplex virus E. Adenovirus"

B

"The adrenal cortex influences the secretion of the adrenal medulla by means of which of the following? A. secretion of aldosterone into the intra-adrenal circulation B. secretion of glucocorticoids into the intra-adrenal circulation C. Autonomic neural connections D. secretion of monoamine oxidase into the portal circulation E. secretion of androgens into the intrarenal circulation"

B

"The direction in which vestibular hair cell stereocilia are deflected is important for which of the following reasons? A. Differentiates between type I and type II hair cells B. Determines whether cells are depolarized or hyperpolarized C. Determines whether linear or angular acceleration is detected D. Determines the direction of blood flow in the stria vascularis E. Is determined by the frequency of the sound"

B

"The intercostal neurovascular bundle is particularly vulnerable to injury from fractured ribs because it is found in which of the following locations? A. Above the superior border of the ribs, anteriorly B. Beneath the inferior border of the ribs C. Between external and internal intercostal muscle layers D. Deep to the posterior intercostal membrane E. Superficial to the ribs, anteriorly"

B

"The most sensitive test for the diagnosis of herpes simplex (HSV) meningitis in a newborn infant is A. HSV IgG antibody B. HSV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) C. HSV culture D. Tzanck smear E. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein analysis"

B

"The primary function of intermediate filaments is which of the following? A. Generate movement B. Provide mechanical stability C. Carry out nucleation of microtubules D. Stabilize microtubules against disassembly E. Transport organelles within the cell"

B

"The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is characterized by which of the following? A. The presence of the photoreceptor (rod and cone) perikarya B. Phagocytosis of worn-out components of photoreceptor cells C. Origin from the inner layer of the optic cup during embryonic development D. Presence of amacrine cells E. Synthesis of vitreous humor"

B

"The serum of a newborn infant reveals a 1:32 cytomegalovirus (CMV) titer. The child is clinically asymptomatic. Which of the following courses of action would be advisable? A. repeat the CMV titer immediately B. Wait 6 months and obtain another titer on the baby C. Obtain a CMV titer from all siblings D. Obtain an anti-CMV IgM titer from the mother E. Obtain an anti-CMV IgM titer from the baby"

B

"Which of the following is the most direct route for spread of infection from the paranasal sinuses to the cavernous sinus of the dura mater? A. Pterygoid venous plexus B. Superior ophthalmic vein C. Frontal emissary vein D. Basilar venous plexus E. Parietal emissary vein"

B

"Which of the following is the primary regulator of salivary secretion? A. Antidiuretic hormone B. Autonomic nervous system C. Aldosterone D. Cholecystokinin E. secretin"

B

"Which of the following markers is usually the first viral marker detected after hepatitis B infection? A. HBeAg B. HBsAg C. HBcAg D. Anti-HBc E. HbeAb"

B

"Which of the following occurs in diabetic retinopathy? A. reduction in the thickness of the basal lamina of small retinal vessels B. Microaneurysms C. Decreased capillary permeability D. Increased retinal blood flow E. Loss of phagocytic ability of the pigmented epithelium"

B

"Which structure is most susceptible to unintentional damage during a hysterectomy? A. Uterine artery B. Ureter C. Urinary bladder D. Urethra E. Kidney"

B

"A 36-year-old male office worker comes to the clinic complaining of general weakness and shortness of breath. He also relates a rapid, throbbing pulse after climbing a flight of stairs. Cardiac auscultation reveals a diastolic rumbling murmur attributable to the mitral valve. The mitral valve is best heard where? A. left side adjacent to the sternum in the second intercostal space B. left side adjacent to the sternum in the fifth intercostal space C. left side in the midclavicular line in the fifth intercostal space D. Right side adjacent to the sternum in the second intercostal space E. Right side adjacent to the sternum in the fourth intercostal space"

C

"Benign prostatic hypertrophy results in obstruction of the urinary tract. Patients present with weak urine flow, increased difficulty initiating urination, and increase frequency of urination since the bladder often is not fully emptied. Benign prostatic hypertrophy is associated with enlargement of which of the following? A. Entire prostate gland B. Lateral/posterior lobes C. Mucosal and submucosal regions D. Anterior region"

C

"Eastern equine encephalitis virus is associated with a high fatality rate. Control of the disease could be possible by eradication of A. Horses B. Birds C. Mosquitoes D. Fleas E. Ticks"

C

"Infection with herpes simplex virus, a common human pathogen, is best described by which of the following statements? A. The CNS and visceral organs are usually involved B. It rarely recurs in a host who has a high antibody titer C. It can be reactivated by emotional disturbances or prolonged exposure to sunlight D. Initial infection usually occurs by intestinal absorption of the virus E. Infection with type 1 virus is most common"

C

"Like all endocrine glands, the thyroid is highly vascular. The thyroid gland normally receives its blood supply, in part, from branches off which of the following? A. Internal carotid artery B. Lingual artery C. Subclavian artery D. Transverse cervical artery E. vertebral artery"

C

"Meningitis is characterized by the acute onset of fever and stiff neck. Aseptic meningitis may be caused by a variety of microbial agents. During the initial 24 h of the course of aseptic meningitis, an affected person's cerebrospinal fluid is characterized by A. Decreased protein content B. Elevated glucose concentration C. Lymphocytosis D. Polymorphonuclear leukocytosis E. Eosinophilia"

C

"The first (S1, or "lub") heart sound and the second (S2, or "dup") heart sound originate, respectively, from which of the following? A. Closure of the pulmonary valve followed by closure of the aortic valve B. Closure of the tricuspid valve followed by closure of the mitral valve C. Closure of the atrioventricular valves followed by closure of the semilunar valves D. Closure of the atrioventricular valves followed by opening of the semilunar valves E. Opening of the atrioventricular valves followed by closure of the atrioventricular valves"

C

"The major venous return system of the heart, the coronary sinus, empties into which of the following structures? A. Inferior vena cava B. left atrium C. Right atrium D. Right ventricle E. Superior vena cava"

C

"The primordial germ cells that eventually form the oogonia and spermatogonia originate in which of the following? A. Dorsal mesentery of the hindgut B. Gonadal ridge C. Endodermal lining of the yolk sac D. Primary sex cords of the developing gonad E. Chorion"

C

"There is considerable overlap of signs and symptoms seen in congenital and perinatal infections. In a neonate with "classic" symptoms of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, which one of the following tests would be most useful in establishing a diagnosis? A. CMV IgG titer on neonate's serum at birth B. CMV IgG titer on mother's serum at birth of infant C. CMV IgM titer on neonate's serum at birth and at 1 month of age D. Total IgM on neonate's serum at birth E. Culture of mother's urine"

C

"Which of the following is the function of the large subunit of the ribosome? A. Bind messenger RNA (mRNA) B. Bind transfer RNA (tRNA) C. Catalyze peptide bond formation D. Link adjacent ribosomes in a polyribosome E. Initiate protein synthesis"

C

"Which of the following processes places the developing heart in the presumptive thoracic region cranial to the septum transversum? A. Gastrulation B. Lateral folding C. Cranial folding D. Neurulation E. Fusion of the endocardial heart tubes"

C

"Which of the following viruses causes an acute febrile rash and produces disease in immunocompetent children but has been associated with transient aplastic crises in persons with sickle cell disease? A. Rubeola B. Varicella-zoster C. Parvovirus D. Rubella E. Herpes simplex"

C

"Which pair of venous structures contributes to the confluence of dural sinuses on the interior surface of the occipital bone? A. Sigmoid and transverse sinuses B. Inferior sagittal and cavernous sinuses C. Occipital and straight sinuses D. Transverse and inferior petrosal sinuses E. Superior petrosal and occipital sinuses"

C

"Which virus is the leading cause of the croup syndrome in young children and, when infecting mammalian cells in culture, will hemabsorb red blood cells? A. Group B coxsackievirus B. Rotavirus C. Parainfluenza virus D. Adenovirus E. Rhinovirus"

C

"Endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) differs from phagocytosis of damaged cells in which of the following? A. Use of membrane-enclosed vesicles in the uptake process B. Coupling with the lysosomal system C. Dependence on acidification D. Use of clathrin-coated pits E. Use of hydrolases"

D

"Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease), a self-limited disease of children, is caused by A. Measles B. Parvovirus C. Rubella D. Human herpesvirus type 6 E. Norwalk virus"

D

"A 26-year-old woman is in her last trimester of a normal pregnancy. Synthesis of milk by her mammary glands specifically requires which of the following? A. Oxytocin from the neurohypophysis B. Prolactin from the corpus luteum C. The influence of vasopressin D. Placental lactogen E. Neurohumoral reflexes"

D

"A 65-year-old male presents with jaundice for 2-3 weeks, fatigue and increasing epigastric pain. He has no history of peptic ulcers and says the pain does not relate to eating in anyway. His epigastric pain is midline and he has had some recent back pain. His urinary bilirubinogen and serum bilirubin are elevated (serum bilirubin 5. 8 mg/dl). Helical CT reveals a suspicious mass in the head of the pancreas adjacent to the descending duodenum. The gallbladder is significantly enlarged. Which of the following is the likely cause of the elevated bilirubin? A. Viral hepatitis B. Blocked cystic duct C. Open hepatic duct D. Blocked duodenal papilla E. Gilbert syndrome"

D

"A carcinoma in the medial portion of the lower lip is most likely to first metastasize via which of the following lymph nodes? A. Submandibular B. Parotid C. Superficial cervical D. Submental E. Buccal"

D

"A patient has all the gastrointestinal symptoms of infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV), yet all the tests for HAV-IgG and HAV-IgM are nonreactive. A possible cause of this infection is A. Hepatitis B surface antigen B. Hepatitis C C. Hepatitis D D. Hepatitis E E. Rotavirus"

D

"An 85-year old woman comes into your family practice office because she says she is losing weight and she is having trouble chewing. Which of the following muscles is a pure elevator of the jaw? A. Buccinator muscle B. Geniohyoid muscle C. Lateral pterygoid muscle D. Medial pterygoid muscle E. Posterior fibers of temporalis muscle"

D

"An infant, seen in the ER, presents with a fever and persistent cough. Physical examination and a chest x-ray suggest pneumonia. Which of the following is most likely the cause of this infection? A. Rotavirus B. Adenovirus C. Coxsackievirus D. respiratory syncytial virus E. Rhinovirus"

D

"Delta hepatitis only occurs in patients who also have either acute or chronic infection with hepatitis B virus. The delta agent is A. An incomplete hepatitis B virus B. related to hepatitis A virus C. A hepatitis B mutant D. An incomplet E. Hepatitis C"

D

"Elevated estrogen levels during the menstrual cycle result in which of the following? A. Decrease LH levels B. Downregulate FSH receptors on granulosa cells C. Increase FSH levels D. Increase the ciliation of the epithelial cells of the oviduct E. Decrease synthesis and storage of glycogen in the vaginal epithelium"

D

"German measles virus (rubella), a common cause of exanthems in children, is best described by which of the following statements? A. Measles (rubeola) and German measles (rubella) are caused by the same virus B. Incubation time is approximately 3 to 4 weeks C. vesicular rashes are characteristic D. Onset is abrupt with cough, coryza, and fever E. Specific antibody in the serum does not prevent disease"

D

"Infectious mononucleosis, a viral disorder that can be debilitating, is Characterized by which of the following statements? A. It is most prevalent in children less than 14 years old B. It is caused by a rhabdovirus C. The causative pathogen is an Epstein-Barr virus D. Affected persons respond to treatment with the production of heterophil antibodies E. Ribavirin is the treatment of choice"

D

"Pain referred to the right side of the neck and extending laterally from the right clavicle to the tip of the right shoulder is most likely to involve which of the following? A. Cervical cardiac accelerator nerves B. Posterior vagal trunk C. Right intercostal nerves D. Right phrenic nerve E. Right recurrent laryngeal nerve"

D

"Structure(s) that normally transit the diaphragm by way of the esophageal hiatus include which of the following? A. Azygos vein B. Hemiazygos vein C. Azygos and hemiazygos veins D. Anterior and posterior vagal trunk E. Thoracic duct"

D

"The course of the vertebral arteries is best described by which of the following statements? A. They arise from the common carotid artery on the left and the arachiocephalic artery on the right B. They enter the cranium via the anterior condylar canals C. They enter the cranium via the posterior condylar canals D. They pass through the transverse processes of several cervical vertebrae E. They directly give rise to the posterior cerebral arteries"

D

"The stability and arrangement of actin filaments as well as their properties and functions depend on which of the following? A. The structure of the actin filaments B. Microtubules C. Intermediate filament proteins D. Actin-binding proteins E. Motor molecules, such as kinesin"

D

"Which of the following forms from paraxial mesoderm? A. Adrenal cortex B. Adrenal medulla C. Humerus D. Biceps brachii E. Masseter"

D

"Which of the following is in direct contact with maternal blood in lacunae of the placenta? A. Cells of the cytotrophoblast B. Extraembryonic mesoderm C. Fetal blood vessels D. Cells of the syncytiotrophoblast E. Amniotic cells"

D

"Which of the following is the principal supply to the body and tail of the pancreas? A. Common hepatic artery B. Inferior phrenic artery C. left gastric artery D. Splenic artery E. Superior mesenteric artery"

D

"Which of the following may be the only detectable serological marker during the early convalescent phase of HBV infection (window phase)? A. HBeAg B. HBsAg C. HBcAg D. Anti-HBc E. HbeAb"

D

"Which of the following mechanisms is used to establish the mitochondrial electrochemical gradient? A. The action of ATP synthase B. Transfer of electrons from NADH to O2 in the intermembrane space C. Pumping of protons into the mitochondrial matrix by respiratory chain activity D. Proton-translocating activity in the inner membrane E. Transport of ATP out of the matrix compartment by a specific transporter"

D

"Which one of the following groups of people may be at increased risk for HIV infection? A. Members of a household in which there is a person who is HIV-positive B. receptionists at a hospital C. Factory workers whose coworkers are HIV-positive D. Foreign service employees who are hospitalized in Zaire for bleeding ulcers E. Homosexual females"

D

"Which one of the following viruses would be most likely to establish a latent infection? A. Adenovirus B. Measles virus C. Influenza virus D. Parvovirus E. Coxsackievirus group B"

D

"Which of the following is independent of testosterone or other androgens? A. secretion from the prostatic epithelium B. The function of the prostatic glands C. Development of the penis from an indifferent phallus D. Spermatogenesis E. Fetal testis development from an indifferent gonad"

E

"Patients with Cushing's syndrome often show osteoporotic changes. Which of the following is involved in the etiology of osteoporosis induced by Cushing's syndrome? A. Decreased glucocorticoid levels that result in decreased quality of the bone deposited B. Excess deposition of osteoid C. Stimulation of intestinal calcium absorption D. Decreased PTH levels E. Bone fragility resulting from excess bone resorption"

E

"Perilymph is located in which of the following structures? A. Utricle B. Saccule C. semicircular canals D. Scala media E. Scala tympani"

E

"The ectoderm is derived directly from which of the following? A. Hypoblast B. Epiblastic cells that undergo gastrulation C. Mesoderm D. Endoderm E. Nongastrulated epiblast"

E

"The presence of Negri inclusion bodies in host cells is characteristic of A. Mumps B. Infectious mononucleosis C. Congenital rubella D. Aseptic meningitis E. Rabies"

E

"Which of the following is found exclusively in the renal medulla? A. Proximal convoluted tubules B. Distal convoluted tubules C. Collecting ducts D. Afferent arterioles E. Thin loops of Henle"

E

"A 23-year-old woman with a natural menstrual cycle is nearing ovulation. The oocyte of a mature follicle will be induced to undergo the first meiotic division as a result of which of the following hormonal stimuli? A. The cessation of progesterone secretion B. The gradual elevation of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) titers C. The low estrogen titers associated with the maturing follicle D. The slow elevation of progesterone produced by luteal cells E. The surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) initiated by high estrogen titers"

E

"A 24-year old man was a passenger in an automobile broadsided by another vehicle. Although he was wearing a seat belt he felt "terrible," and had left sided abdominal, flank, and shoulder pain. During the ambulance ride into the emergency room his blood pressure kept dropping, he appeared pale, had a rapid heartbeat, with otherwise normal lung and heart sounds. Intravenous saline was started en route. Which of the following abdominal organs is most likely damaged? A. Stomach B. Duodenum C. Pancreas D. left kidney E. Spleen"

E

"A 3-year-old child presents at the physician's office with symptoms of coryza, conjunctivitis, low-grade fever, and Koplik's spots. The causative agent of this disease belongs to which group of viruses? A. Adenovirus B. Herpesvirus C. Picornavirus D. Orthomyxovirus E. Paramyxovirus"

E

"A 55-year-old woman arrives at the emergency room the day after St. Patrick's Day coughing up bright red blood. She has frequented your emergency room before. History includes excessive alcohol consumption. Using abdominal percussion you determine that her liver extends 5 cm below the right costal margin at the midclavicular line. You call in a gastroenterologist because you suspect that the bright red blood is most likely the result of which of the following? A. Hemorrhoids B. Colon cancer C. Duodenal ulcer D. Gastric ulcer E. Esophageal varices"

E

"A regimen that includes appropriately administered gamma globulin may be contraindicated in which one of the following diseases? A. Hepatitis A B. Hepatitis B C. Rabies D. Poliomyelitis E. Infectious mononucleosis"

E

"An immunocompromised person with history of seizures had an MRI that revealed a temporal lobe lesion. Brain biopsy results showed multinucleated giant cells with intranuclear inclusions. The most probable cause of the lesion is A. Hepatitis C virus B. Herpes simplex virus C. Listeria monocytogenes D. Coxsackievirus E. Parvovirus"

E

"During a visit to her gynecologist, a patient reports she received vitamin A treatment for her acne unknowingly during the first 2 months of an undetected pregnancy. Which of the following organ systems in the developing fetus is most likely to be affected? A. The digestive system B. The endocrine organs C. The respiratory system D. The urinary and reproductive systems E. The skeletal and central nervous systems"

E

"During the physical exam of a 52-year-old man you note internal hemorrhoids. He complains of blood in his stool. Which of the following arteries could be the source of his rectal bleeding? A. Superior rectal artery off the inferior mesenteric artery B. Middle rectal artery off the internal iliac artery C. Inferior rectal artery off the internal pudendal artery D. Both B and C E. A, B, and C"

E

"In a patient with diabetes mellitus of 30 years' duration, complications related to kidney function may include which of the following? A. Enhanced selectivity of the filtration barrier B. Decreased permeability to plasma proteins C. Increased glomerular filtration rate D. Decreased secretion of aldosterone E. Glycation of proteins in the basal lamina"

E

"Monozygotic twins arise by means of which of the following? A. Fusion of the embryonic blastomeres from two zygotes B. Fertilization of two oocytes by two sperm C. Fertilization of one oocyte by two sperm D. Division of the inner cell mass (embryoblast) into two embryonic primordia E. Extra cleavage divisions of the zygote induced by the presence of a double chorion"

E

"Mumps virus accounts for 10 to 15% of all cases of aseptic meningitis in the United States. Infection with mumps virus A. Is apt to recur periodically in many affected persons B. Will usually cause mumps orchitis in postpubertal males C. Is maintained in a large canine reservoir D. Usually produces severe systemic manifestations E. Is preventable by immunization"

E

"Which of the following hematopoietic tissues or organs develops from endoderm? A. Thymus B. Tonsils C. Bone marrow D. Spleen E. blood islands"

a