med term chapter 8

Crohn's disease

A chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; however, it is most often found in the ileum and in the colon.

ulcerative colitis

A chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation.

cachexia

A condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS.

cheilosis

A disorder of the lips characterized by cracklike sores at the corners of the mouth.

Hemoccult test

A laboratory test for hidden blood in the stools; also known as fecal occult blood test.

polyp

A mushroomlike growth from the surface of a mucous membrane; not all polyps are malignant.

proctologist

A physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus.

cirrhosis

A progressive degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring.

cholangiography

A radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium.

peristalsis

A series of wavelike contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction that moves the food forward into the digestive system.

anastomosis

A surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures; plural, anatomoses.

jaundice

A yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes caused by greater-than-normal amounts of bilirubin in the blood.

ascites

An abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

leukoplakia

An abnormal white precancerous lesion (sore) that develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheek.

cholangitis

An acute infection of the bile duct characterized by pain in the upper-right quadrant of the abdomen, fever, and jaundice.

hiatal hernia

An anatomical abnormality in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest though an opening in the diaphragm.

anorexia nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by a false perception of body appearance that leads to an intense fear of gaining weight and a refusal to maintain a normal body weight

bulimia nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors, such as self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications .

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

An endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract; this includes the esophagus, stomach, and upper duodenum.

obesity

An excessive accumulation of fat in the body

choledocholithotomy

An incision into the common bile duct for the removal of gallstones

salmonellosis

An infectious disease of the intestines that is transmitted by food contaminated with feces; also referred to as salmonella.

stomatitis

An inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth.

celiac disease

An inherited autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to food containing gluten; also known as gluten intolerance.

trismus

Any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer.

CHOL/E

Bile or gall.

herpes labialis

Blisterlike sores on the lips and adjacent tissue caused by the oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1); also known as cold sores or fever blisters.

Which combining form means bile?

CHOL/E

_____ is a bacterial infection common to older adults in hospitals or long-term care facilities, typically following the use of antibiotics that wipe out competing bacteria.

Clostridium difficile

dysphagia

Difficulty in swallowing.

esophageal varices

Enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus.

ESOPHAG/O

Esophagus.

hyperemesis

Extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration.

Gastric juices are produced by the large intestine to help complete the final process of digestion. T\F

FALSE

CHOLECYST/O

Gallbladder.

____________________ disease, which is also known as GERD, is the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus.

Gastroesophageal reflux

aphthous ulcers

Gray-white pits with a red border that appear in the soft tissues lining the mouth; also known as canker sores or mouth ulcers.

_____ is also known as bad breath.

Halitosis

cholecystitis

Inflammation of the gallbladder; usually associated with gallstones.

hepatitis

Inflammation of the liver usually caused by a viral infection

enteritis

Inflammation of the small intestine caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens

diverticulitis

Inflammation or infection of one or more diverticula in the colon.

antiemetic

Medication administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting.

dyspepsia

Pain or discomfort in digestion; also known as indigestion.

-LITHIASIS

Presence of stones.

RECT/O

Rectum.

SIGMOID/O

Sigmoid colon

peptic ulcers

Sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylorior by medications, such as aspirin, that irritate the mucous membranes.

GASTR/O

Stomach, belly.

Anabolism is the building up of body cells and substances from nutrients. T\F

TRUE

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus. T\F

TRUE

Malabsorptionis a condition in which the small intestine cannot absorb nutrients from food that passes through it. T\F

TRUE

Peristalsis moves food through the digestive system. T\F

TRUE

eructation

The act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach.

bariatrics

The branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases.

diverticulosis

The chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula in the colon

morbid obesity

The condition of weighing two or more times the ideal weight or having a body mass index value greater than 40; also known as severe obesity.

colonoscopy

The direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon, from the rectum to the cecum.

sigmoidoscopy

The endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon

gastroduodenostomy

The establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum.

aerophagia

The excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking, and is a common cause of gas in the stomach.

ileus

The partial or complete blockage of the small intestine, large intestine, or both caused by the stopping of normal peristalsis.

melena

The passage of black, tarry, and foul-smelling stools that is caused by the presence of digested blood.

nasogastric intubation

The placement of a feeding tube through the nose and into the stomach.

cholelithiasis

The presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts

inguinal hernia

The protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin.

regurgitation

The return of swallowed food into the mouth.

borborygmus

The rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine.

colostomy

The surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface.

gastrostomy tube

The surgical placement of a feeding tube from the exterior of the body directly into the stomach.

palatoplasty

The surgical repair of a cleft palate or cleft lip.

gastroesophageal reflux disease

The upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus; also known as GERD.

hematemesis

The vomiting of blood.

volvulus

Twisting of the intestine upon itself, causing an obstruction

-EMESIS

Vomiting

A/An __________ is medication administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting.

antiemetic

AN/O

anus, ring

The condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass such as might occur in a patient with advanced cancer is known as __________ .

cachexia

Which condition is a disorder of the lips characterized by cracklike sores at the corners of the mouth?

cheilosis

Which term describes an acute infection of the bile duct?

cholangitis

Which term describes the presence of gallstones?

cholelithiasis

Which term is also known as a harelip?

cleft lip

COL/O, COLON/O

colon, large intestine

PEPSIA

digestion

Which term describes inflammation of the small intestine?

enteritis

cholecystectomy

he surgical removal of the gallbladder.

A/An __________ is the surgical removal of all or part of the liver.

hepatectomy

Which type of hepatitis is transmitted mainly through contamination of food and water with infected fecal matter?

hepatitis A

Which form of hepatitis is spread by bloodborne transmission?

hepatitis B

Commonly known as cold sores or fever blisters, the medical term for this condition is ____________________.

herpes labialis

Which condition is characterized by blisterlike sores on the lips and adjacent tissue?

herpes labialis

A/An ____________________ is a protrusion of part of the stomach through the esophageal sphincter in the diaphragm.

hiatal hernia

Which condition is a protrusion of part of the stomach upward into the chest through an opening in the diaphragm?

hiatal hernia

The medical term ____________________ describes extreme, persistent vomiting.

hyperemesis

A/An ____________________ hernia is the protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin.

inguinal

Which condition is the protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall?

inguinal hernia

Which condition is a yellow discoloration of the skin and other tissues caused by abnormally increased amounts of bilirubin in the blood?

jaundice

The term ____________________ describes an abnormal, white precancerous lesion that develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheek.

leukoplakia

Which term means an abnormal white precancerous lesion that develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheek?

leukoplakia

HEPAT/O

liver

Which condition is the passage of black, tarry, and foul-smelling stools containing digested blood?

melena

Which procedure is the placement of a feeding tube through the nose and into the stomach?

nasogastric intubation

Anorexia __________ is an eating disorder characterized by a false perception of body appearance that leads to a refusal to maintain a normal body weight.

nervosa

Which term refers to the accumulation of fat in the liver of people who drink little or no alcohol?

nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

A/An __________ is the surgical repair of a cleft palate.

palatoplasty

The series of wavelike contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction is known as ____________________.

peristalsis

Which eating disorder is characterized by an abnormal craving or appetite for nonfood substances, such as dirt, paint, or clay that lasts for at least 1 month?

pica

PROCT/O

rectum and anus

The return of swallowed food into the mouth is known as ____________________.

regurgitation

ENTER/O

small intestine

Which term describes any disease of the mouth due to a fungus?

stomatomycosis

A/An _____ occurs when a portion of the intestine is constricted inside a hernia, cutting off its blood supply.

strangulated hernia

-PHAGIA

swallowing

xerostomia

the lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands; also known as dry mouth

Which term refers to a radiographic procedure to examine the digestive system using a barium swallow?

upper GI series