Media and society test 2-quiz 6

During the 1950's and 1960's women began to assume prominent roles in public relations. Among the most notable was President Dwight Eisenhower's associate press secretary

Anne Williams Wheaton

_______ refers to a fake grassroots organization, that is funded in secret by those with a vested interest in the issue at hand.

Astroturf

Around in 1920's public relations pioneer ____began stressing two-way communication-that is public relations practitioners talking to people, and in return listening to them when they talked back

Edward Beernays

President Woodrow Wilson appointed _____ to head the committee on Public information to build public support for US participation in World War 1

George Creel

Around 1913, public relations pioneer ______ issued his declaration of principles, which moved the profession's focus from primarily dispensing publicity to providing information

Ivy Lee

The foreign affairs registration auto of 1938, which required anyone who engages in political activities in the United States on behalf of a foreign power to register as an agent of a foreign power with the justice department, was a result of which public relations pioneer's contacts with Nazi Germany

Ivy Lee

the first US presidential press secretary was

John Jay

"A sucker is born every minute" was the public relations philosophy of what legendary PR practitioner?

P.T. Barnum

The first corporate public relations department was established in 1889 by

Westinghouse electric

In 1896, presidential contenders William Jennings Bryan and ____both established campaign headquarters in Chicago, where they issued news releases, position papers, and pamphlets

William mckinley

The history of public relations is divided into four stages-early public relations, the propaganda-publicty stage, early two-way communication, and

advanced two-way communication

PR efforts on behalf of charities, relief groups, or other organizations serving public need are called

cause marketing

Some public relations bill clients by adding a surcharge as high as 17.65% for such things as printing, research and photographs, which are known as

collateral materials

PR professionals interact with an organization's ___or neighbors, to generate goodwill.

communicate

Public affairs work in the communities in which organization exists is characterized of which public relations service?

community relations

____ is the integration of business operations and organizational values.

corporate social responsibility

Around 1920, the beginning of the ___era of public relations, PR companies began talking to people and listening to them when they talked back-in other words, representing their various publics to their clients, just as they represented their clients to those publics.

early two-way communication

There are many publics with whom PR professionals interact, including an organization's ____with company newsletters, social events, and internal and external recognition of superior performance

emplyees

As a result of the public's distrust of public relations, Congress passed the ____ in 1946, requiring that those who deal with federal employees on behalf of private clients disclosed those relationships

federal regulation of lobbying act

The public relations activity that involves enhancement of communication between investor owned companies and their shareholders, the financial community (for example, banks, annuity groups, and investment firms) and the public is known as

finical public relations

Some public relations firms bill clients according to the performance of a specific set of services for a specific and prearranged fee, a method known as

fixed fee arrangements

The research tool ____ employs small groups of a targeted public that are interviewed in detail to provide public relations operation and its clients with feedback

focus groups

As of 1938, anyone who engages in political activities in the United States on behalf of a foreign power must register with the Justice Department as an agent of that power due to the

foreign agents registration act

Public relation firms with particular skillet countering the PR efforts of environmentalists are said to be good at

greenwashing

When a PR firm actively combines public relations, marketing, advertising, and promotion into a more or less seamless communication campaign that is as at home on the web as it is on the television screen nd magazine page. It is engaging in

integrated marketing communications

The public relations activity known as ____typically uses a large-scale-public relations campaign to move or shape opinion on a specific issue

issues management

When PR professionals directly interact with elected officials or government regulators and agents, they are engaging in

lobbying

Anticipating, analyzing, and interpreting public opinion, attitudes and issues that might impact, for good ill, the operations and plans of the organization are part of PR's _____ function

management

PR professionals interact with the__through press packets and briefings

media

When the department store Barneys was beset by numerous complaints of racial discrimination in 2013, it undertook an aggressive PR campaign to speak to those who felt disfranchised by the events. This is an example of

minority relations/multicultural affairs

Public relations professionals have ____ over the placement of their information, and advertising professionals have _____ over the placement of their information.

no control, control

An event staged specifically to attract public attention is a

pseudo-event

The public affairs activity of interacting with officials and leaders of the various power centers with whom a client must deal is known as

public affairs

The public relations activity of getting media coverage for clients is called

publicity

resident Franklin D. Roosevelt made impressive use of which medium as a public relations tool to sell his new deal directly to the people?

radio

____ is the PR practice of offering clients' spokespeople for interview by a worldwide audience via videoconfrenceing.

satellite-delivered media tour

______, outright lying or obfuscation, is antithetical to authentic communication and should be avoided by PR professionals, according to executive Roxanne Taylor

spin

There are many publics with whom PR professionals interact, including an organization's _____they own the organization (if it is a corporation) and their goodwill is necessary for the business to operate)

stockholders

thAs "the voice of the people", which public deserves the attention of any organization that deals with the people?

the government

The first publicity company, ____ was established in 1906 to help to railroad industry, change legislation it opposed.

the publicity bureau

When a group calls for an industry to adopt a position and total disclosure of information?

transparentists

The PR strategy that relies on targeting specific internet users with a given communication and relying on them to spread the word is referred to as

viral marketing