Medic Chap 13 Pharmacology

Patient A has taken an overdose of medication X, which has a half-life of 2 hours. The plasma level of the medication on arrival to the emergency department was 100 mcg/mL. After 4 hours, what will the plasma level be? -100 mcg/mL -50 mcg/mL -25 mcg/mL -12.5 mcg/mL

25 mcg/mL

The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) recommended temperature range for MOST medications in the prehospital setting is: -40*F to 76*F (4*C to 24*C) -45*F to 80*F (7*C to 27*C) -59*F to 86*F (15*c to 30*C) -60*F to 90*F (16*C to 32*C)

59*F to 86*F (15*c to 30*C)

What is tachyphylaxis? -A severe immune reaction to a specific medication -A reaction elicited by medication interference. -A reaction to a class of medications resulting from overexposure to a medicine in that class -A condition in which repeated doses of a medication within a short time rapidly cause tolerance

A condition in which repeated doses of a medication within a short time rapidly cause tolerance

Which of the following routes of administration has 100% bioavailability? -Intramuscular -Intravenous -Nasogastric tube -Sublingual

Intravenous

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of pharmacokinetics? -Duration -Mechanism of action -Onset -Peak

Mechanism of action

________ increases the amount of medication necessary for a desired clinical effect. -Facilitated diffusion -Filtration -Plasma protein binding -Osmosis

Plasma protein binding

On which system does an ACE inhibitor focus? -Sympathetic nervous system -Renin-angiotensin system -Parasympathetic nervous system -Sodium potassium pump

Renin-angiotensin system

What class of drug is hydrocodone? -Schedule I -Schedule II -Schedule III -Schedule IV

Schedule IV

Why would you give a patient a low-dose aspirin? -To alter the patient's mood and reduce anxiety -To keep pain under control -To reduce blood pressure -To keep platelets from coagulating

To keep platelets from coagulating

Select whether each statement listed is true or false. -Dopamine can affect either alpha or beta receptors. -Alpha agents increase heart rate, force, and automaticity. -Beta adrenergic agonists trigger significant bronchodilation. -Biotransformation makes medications and chemicals more water-soluble.

True False True True

A(n) _________ agent is used to increase the pH of the serum or urine: -antacid -alkalinizing -anticoagulant -antihistamine

alkalinizing

Calcium channel blockers have ________ properties. -antihypertensive -anticonvulsant -antiplatelet -anticoagulant

antihypertensive

If seizures occur after following an administration of flumazenil (Romazicon): -an opiate medication should be given immediately because of its potent antiseizure properties -the patient should receive half the normal dose of a benzodiazepine in order to control the seizure -the paramedic should give naloxone immediately in order to reverse the affects of the flumazenil -benzodiazepine medications will be minimally effective or ineffective controlling the seizure

benzodiazepine medications will be minimally effective or ineffective controlling the seizure

Sympathomimetic chemicals mimic naturally occurring _____________. -catecholamines -alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonists -catechol groups -anticholinergics

catecholamines

A direct biochemical interaction between two drugs is referred to as ________. -synergism -interference -potentiation -neutralization

interference

Medications administered by the ___________ route, by definition, have 100% bioavailability. -sublingual -intramuscular -endotracheal -intravenous

intravenous

A medication is used "off-label." This means that it: -is used for a purpose not approved by the FDA, at doses different from the recommended doses, or by a route of administration not approved by the FDA -has been determined to be safe by a physician, and is used to treat a patient's illness before the medication has been approved by the FDA for any purpose -is administered in a clinical trials while the manufacturer conducts further research and before the FDA has approved the medication for use -is administered in extreme emergency situation, but only if initial clinical trials have been determined that the medication will not cause harm to the patient

is used for a purpose not approved by the FDA, at doses different from the recommended doses, or by a route of administration not approved by the FDA

A medication is called an antagonist if: -it has a higher affinity for the receptor site than the chemical mediator -it stimulates a receptor site to cause the response that the receptor normally causes -it attaches to the receptor site and produces an effect or series of effects -the chemical mediator of a receptor has a higher affinity than the medication

it has a higher affinity for the receptor site than the chemical mediator

Succinylcholine should not be used in patients with: -a closed head injury -known hyperkalemia -a rapid heart rate -suspected hypokalemia

known hyperkalemia

Animal testing establishes _____ of a drug. -median lethal dose (LD50) -median toxic dose (TD50) -median average dose (AD50) -therapeutic index

median lethal dose (LD50)

Ketamine is an example of a(n) ________ -Class III drug -competitive antagonist -noncompetitive antagonist -partial antagonist

noncompetitive antagonist

Medication X is given to increase the effects of medication Y, which provides more relief than if medication Y were given alone. This is an example of: -synergism -summation -potentiation -antagonism

potentiation

The primary action of an ACE inhibitor is to -suppress the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II -promote the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II -block the alpha receptor -block the beta-1 receptor .

promote the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

Stimulation of alpha-1 receptors results in: -insulin secretion -vasoconstriction -arterial dilation -glucagon secretion

vasoconstriction

The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970: -regulated the import, manufacturer, prescription and sale of several nonnarcotic medications and cocaine, opium, and their derivatives -was aimed at protecting the public from mislabeled, poisonous, or otherwise harmful food, medications and alcoholic beverages -increased the penalties for violation of the Harrison Narcotic Act, made the possession of heroin illegal, and outlawed the acquisition and transportation of marijuana -was a legislative act dealing with narcotics and nonnarcotic medications that have a potential for abuse, and developed a drug classification system according to the abuse potential for the medications

was a legislative act dealing with narcotics and nonnarcotic medications that have a potential for abuse, and developed a drug classification system according to the abuse potential for the medications