Medieval Europe lesson 3 Kingdoms & Crusades
William Duke of Normandy
1066 invaded England claiming the English throne in the Battle of Hastings. He won the battle of hastings by surrounding the tired army of Harold Godwinson and shooting him in the eye with an arrow.
Domesday Book
A book that was created by William the Conqueror to record the taxes. It created a census of the people and every person, and farm animal in England were counted & recorded to be the first census in this book to help create taxes.
grand jury
A group of citizens that meets to decide whether people should be accused of a crime.
Why did William believe that he was the rightful king of England?
Because he was a relative of the Anglo-Saxon kings
Why did the rulers of Moscow work with the Mongols?
Because the Mongols gave them the right to collect taxes. When territories couldn't pay, Moscow rulers took control and expanded it's territory little by little.
How is a grand jury different from a trial jury?
Both are made up of average people but A grand jury helps determine whether charges should be brought against a suspect, while a trial jury renders a verdict at the criminal trial itself. Put differently, a grand jury hands down an indictment at the beginning of a case, while a trial jury decides guilt or innocence at the very end (not counting the appeal process).
Manga Carta
Great Charter- limited kings power over nobles. It forced the king to uphold the rights of freemen, including the right to fair trials by jury.
How did the Magna Carta limit the power of the king of England?
It limited royal power because the king had to obey the law, & uphold the right of freemen, including right to fair trials by jury; it benefited all people.
circuit judges
Judges who traveled throughout the country to hear cases, brought the king's law to all parts of England.
How did cities of Kiev and Moscow become centers of powerful Slavic states?
Kiev grew wealthy from its river trade with Scandinavia and the Byzantine empire. In 988 the Rus ruler Vladimir married the sister of the Byzantine emperor. Priests came to teach religious rituals and the art of painting icons. Moscow became a large city after settlements moved into the area. Moscow was at the crossroads of trade routes. Moscow expanded its territory when territories couldn't provide tax money or soldiers.
Ivan III
Moscow prince who led rebellion against Mongol rule, referred to as a czar which means "emperor" in Russian, started establishing a huge empire.
Harold Godwinson
Most powerful noble, became king of england in 1066, ruled for brief time until defeated and killed at the Battle of Hastings
How did the kings of France increase their power?
Philip II regained some French land from England.
How was the Estates-General of France different from England's parliament?
The Estates-General included the townspeople and peasants, while England's parliament did not.
How was the king's power strengthened and then limited in medieval England?
The Magna Carta weakened the power of the government over time, by saying that the people have rights, and that the power of the government should be limited.
What was one way the crusades changed Christian Europe?
The crusades ensured that Christianity would be the major religion of Europe.
Why did Western Europeans go on crusades?
They were told to go by the pope, in the name of their religion. To capture Jerusalem and free the Holy Land from the Muslims.
King Alfred of Wessex
Unified England, was known as Alfred the Great
trial jury
a group of citizens that decides whether an accused person is innocent or guilty
King Henry II of England
set up central royal court with lawyers, judges, a body of common law, and the grand and trial jury