Memory

Recall

Ability to bring back information and integrate it ie: Short answer/essay questions

Recognition

Ability to pick the correct answer from a list of choices ie: Multiple choice

Schema

An organized and systematic approach to answering questions or solving problems

Elaboration

Attaching the maximum number of details to an item

Acoustic memory

Brief sound memory

Iconic Memory

Brief visual memory

Explain how chunking, principle learning, mnemonic devices, and elaboration help us learn material.

By learning things in one of these ways we are able to better remember them. Chunking allows us to group things, principle learning focuses on the main idea, mnemonic devices are unusual associations, and elaboration is attaching a maximum # of details to an item.

Sensory Memory

Directly receives info from the enviornment

Emotional Involvement

Emotional factor

Principle learning

Focus on basic ideas behind whats being learned

State-dependent learning

Learning that becomes associated with the conditions under which it occurred so that it is best remembered under the same conditions

Pretend you have amnesia. Which memories would you probably regain first, old memories or new memories? Explain the reasoning for your answer.

Old memories because it amnesia affects your hippocampus which is where the encoding, storage, and retrieving memories happens.

Eidetic Memory

Photographic memory

Explain the difference between a positive and negative transfer.

Positive is learning results from similarities between two task. Negative is learning results from differences between two tasks.

Information Processing

Process of encoding, storing, retrieving materials

Chunking

Putting items into clusters so they can be learned in groups

Short term memory

Retains information for a few seconds to minutes

Long term memory

Retains information for hours, days, weeks, ect.

Describe different characteristics of STM, LTM and SMS

STM: retains info for a few seconds to minutes. LTM: retains info for hours, days, weeks, ect. SMS: directly receives info from the enviornment.

Jack is about to study for this psychology test. Discuss how stimulants and depressants could increase or decrease Jack's retention.

Stimulants: Caffeine can increase memory. Too much can decrease. Depressants: Always decrease memory, blocks firing of neurotransmitters.

Interference Theory

The belief that we forget new and old material conflict with one another

Amnesia

The blocking of older memories and the loss of new ones

Overlearning

The process of learning something beyond one perfect recitation so that the forgetting curve will have no effect

Mnemonic Device

Unusual associations