Mental Health Exam Ch. 18, 22, 24, 25 (Quizlets)

A 70-year-old male patient lost a spouse 3 months ago, has no children, and lives alone. The patient had depression at the age of 25, started drinking alcohol then, and has been treated with antidepressants. The patient reports disturbed sleep and decreased appetite. On assessment the nurse finds that the patient has dementia and is unable to think rationally. What would be the most appropriate intervention for the nurse according to the SAD PERSONS scale? 1. Hospitalize the patient. 2. Refer the patient to a psychiatrist. 3. Follow up the next day. 4. Follow up after a few days

1

A client is being discharged from an alcohol treatment program. The client's wife states, "I'm so afraid that when my husband leaves here, he'll relapse. How can I deal with this?" Which nursing statement would be most appropriate? 1) "Many family members of alcoholics find the Al-Anon support group to be helpful." 2) "You could try going out and having a few beers with him when he gets the urge to drink." 3) "Just make sure he doesn't drink at home. Find all of his hidden bottles and empty them." 4) "Tell your husband that if he drinks again, you will leave him."

1) "Many family members of alcoholics find the Al-Anon support group to be helpful."

The ED nurse assesses a confused client diagnosed with alcohol use disorder and notes the use of confabulation. Which complication of alcohol use disorder would the nurse suspect? 1) Korsakoff's psychosis 2) Vascular neurocognitive disorder 3) Wernicke's encephalopathy 4) Esophageal varices

1) Korsakoff's psychosis is identified by a syndrome of confusion, loss of memory, and confabulation. Confabulation is the creating of imaginary events to fill in memory gaps.

A patient is given an antidepressant for depression related to undiagnosed bipolar disorder. Which drug can lead to mania in this patient? 1. Tricyclic antidepressants 2. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) 3. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors 4. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID)

2

A patient's history documents that there have been examples of indirect self-destructive behavior. Which nursing assessment data support this diagnosis? 1. Patient has attempted suicide on three other occasions. 2. Reports of abusing alcohol since the age of 16 3. Patient experiences episodes of hypoglycemia on a regular basis. 4. Although acknowledging suicidal thoughts, the patient denies any plan.

2

An adult attempted suicide after termination from employment. This patient was hospitalized and has taken antidepressant medication for two weeks. The nurse observes the patient is now brighter and more sociable. What is the nurse's highest priority intervention? 1. Begin discharge planning for the patient. 2. Maintain continuous supervision of the patient. 3. Consider discontinuation of suicide precautions. 4. Refer the patient for cognitive behavioral therapy.

2

When teaching a client diagnosed with alcoholism about nutritional needs, which nutritional concept should the nurse emphasize? 1) Eat a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet to promote lean body mass. 2) Increase sodium-rich foods to increase iodine levels. 3) Provide multivitamin supplements, including thiamine and folic acid. 4) Restrict fluid intake to decrease renal load.

3) Provide multivitamin supplements, including thiamine and folic acid.

A client is diagnosed with stimulant use disorder: cocaine and antisocial personality disorder. The client eagerly participates in therapy and becomes charming and ingratiating to the primary nurse. Which best describes these client behaviors? 1) The client has not completed the cocaine withdrawal process. 2) The client is probably hiding something. 3) The client is exhibiting characteristics of antisocial personality disorder. 4) The client is exhibiting symptoms of cocaine dependence.

3) The client is exhibiting characteristics of antisocial personality disorder.

An impaired nurse is admitted to an inpatient substance abuse treatment facility. Which applies to his situation? 1) The nurse must relinquish his driver's license to the office of motor vehicles. 2) The nurse is mandated to comply with treatment and prescribed therapies. 3) The nurse is not mandated to meet specific requirements, because all civil rights are ensured. 4) The nurse must relinquish his registered nurse (RN) license to the state board of nursing.

3) The nurse is not mandated to meet specific requirements, because all civil rights are ensured. Although some variations occur from state to state, currently psychiatric clients maintain all of their civil rights. This nurse is not mandated by law to meet specific requirements, because all civil rights are ensured.

A nurse is taking caring of a patient who has attempted suicide. What appropriate intervention should the nurse follow for effective treatment? 1. Encourage nonverbal communication in the patient. 2. Believe that the patient doesn't plan to commit suicide in the future. 3. Emotionally connect with the patient's situation. 4. Identify the problems experienced by the patient.

4

Which nursing intervention relates to rehabilitative care for a recovering alcoholic? 1) Providing a safe and supportive environment during alcohol withdrawal 2) Teaching about physical symptoms 3) Providing client and family education and assistance during treatment 4) Encouraging continued participation in AA

4) Encouraging continued participation in AA

Which is the most serious symptom experienced during alcohol withdrawal? 1) Blackout 2) Acute withdrawal delirium 3) Hypotension 4) Seizure

4) Seizure During alcohol withdrawal, the central nervous system (CNS) rebounds from the effects of suppression caused by alcohol intake. This excitation of the CNS can lead to grand mal seizures and other complications, which are life threatening. This is the most serious complication of alcohol withdrawal syndrome.

A client is brought to the ED. The client is aggressive, has slurred speech, and exhibits impaired motor coordination. Blood alcohol level is 347 mg/dL. Among the physician's orders is thiamine. Which is the rationale for this intervention? 1) To prevent nutritional deficits 2) To prevent pancreatitis 3) To prevent alcoholic hepatitis 4) To prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy

4) To prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy Wernicke's encephalopathy is the most serious form of thiamine deficiency in clients diagnosed with alcoholism. If thiamine replacement therapy is not undertaken quickly, death will ensue.

Nurses should assess the lethality of the client's plan for suicide. What factor would be irrelevant to that assessment? A. How long the client has been suicidal B. Whether the plan has specific details C. Whether the method is one that causes death quickly D. Whether the client has the means to implement the plan

A. How long the client has been suicidal

Unit practice requires inspection of all items being brought onto the unit by visitors. This can be most effectively done by: A. having a staff member sit at the door and check packages as visitors enter. B. having a staff member make frequent rounds during visiting hours to inspect gifts. C. asking all visitors to report to the nurse's station before visiting a client. D. asking clients to give staff any unsafe item that might have been left by a visitor.

A. having a staff member sit at the door and check packages as visitors enter.

A client tells the nurse that he believes his situation is intolerable. The nurse assesses that the client is isolating socially. A nursing diagnosis that should be considered is: A. hopelessness. B. deficient knowledge. C. chronic low self-esteem. D. compromised family coping.

A. hopelessness.

A patient says, "I get in trouble sometimes because I make quick decisions and act on them." Select the nurse's most therapeutic response. a."Let's consider the advantages of being able to stop and think before acting." b."It sounds as though you've developed some insight into your situation." c."I bet you have some interesting stories to share about overreacting." d."It's good that you're showing readiness for behavioral change."

ANS: A

What is the priority intervention for a nurse beginning to work with a patient diagnosed with a schizotypal personality disorder? a.Respect the patient's need for periods of social isolation. b.Prevent the patient from violating the nurse's rights. c.Teach the patient how to select clothing for outings. d.Engage the patient in community activities.

ANS: A

Which intervention is appropriate for an individual diagnosed with an antisocial personality disorder who frequently manipulates others? a.Refer requests and questions related to care to the case manager. b.Encourage the patient to discuss feelings of fear and inferiority. c.Provide negative reinforcement for acting-out behavior. d.Ignore, rather than confront, inappropriate behavior.

ANS: A

A client is questioning the nurse about a newly prescribed medication, acamprosate calcium (Campral). Which is the most appropriate reply by the nurse? A. "This medication will help you maintain your abstinence." B. "This medication will cause uncomfortable symptoms if you combine it with alcohol." C. "This medication will decrease the effect alcohol has on your body." D. "This medication will lower your risk of experiencing a complicated withdrawal."

ANS: A Campral has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the maintenance of abstinence from alcohol in clients diagnosed with alcohol dependence who are abstinent at treatment initiation.

Which nursing intervention has the highest priority for a patient diagnosed with bulimia nervosa? a. Assist the patient to identify triggers to binge eating. b. Provide corrective consequences for weight loss. c. Assess for signs of impulsive eating. d. Explore needs for health teaching.

ANS: A For most patients with bulimia nervosa, certain situations trigger the urge to binge; purging then follows. Often the triggers are anxiety-producing situations. Identification of triggers makes it possible to break the binge-purge cycle. Because binge eating and purging directly affect physical status, the need to promote physical safety assumes highest priority.

A 5-year-old child was diagnosed with encopresis. Which assessment finding would the nurse expect associated with this diagnosis? The child: a. frequently smears feces on clothing and toys. b. experiences frequent nocturnal episodes of bedwetting. c. has accidents of defecation at kindergarten three times a week. d. has occasional episodes of voiding accidents at the day care center.

ANS: C Encopresis refers to unsuccessful bowel control. Bowel control is expected by age 5, so frequent involuntary defecation is associated with this diagnosis. Smearing feces is behavioral. Enuresis refers to the voiding of urine during the day (diurnal) or at night (nocturnal).

Three months ago a patient diagnosed with binge eating disorder weighed 198 pounds. Lorcaserin (Belviq) was prescribed. Which current assessment finding indicates the need for reevaluation of this treatment approach? The patient: a. now weighs 196 pounds. b. says, "I am using contraceptives." c. says, "I feel full after eating a small meal." d. reports problems with dry mouth and constipation.

ANS: A Lorcaserin is designed to make people feel full after eating smaller meals by activating a serotonin 2c receptor in the brain and blocking appetite signals. According to the FDA, this drug should be stopped if a patient does not have 5% weight loss after 12 weeks of use. If the patient now weighs 196 pounds, the medication has not been effective. The distracters indicate patient learning was effective and expected side effects of this medication.

One bed is available on the inpatient eating disorders unit. Which patient should be admitted to this bed? The patient whose weight decreased from: a. 150 to 100 pounds over a 4-month period. Vital signs are temperature, 35.9° C; pulse, 38 beats/min; blood pressure 60/40 mm Hg b. 120 to 90 pounds over a 3-month period. Vital signs are temperature, 36° C; pulse, 50 beats/min; blood pressure 70/50 mm Hg c. 110 to 70 pounds over a 4-month period. Vital signs are temperature 36.5° C; pulse, 60 beats/min; blood pressure 80/66 mm Hg d. 90 to 78 pounds over a 5-month period. Vital signs are temperature, 36.7° C; pulse, 62 beats/min; blood pressure 74/48 mm Hg

ANS: A Physical criteria for hospitalization include weight loss of more than 30% of body weight within 6 months, temperature below 36° C (hypothermia), heart rate less than 40 beats/min, and systolic blood pressure less than 70 mm Hg.

Physical assessment of a patient diagnosed with bulimia often reveals: a. prominent parotid glands. b. peripheral edema. c. thin, brittle hair. d. 25% underweight.

ANS: A Prominent parotid glands are associated with repeated vomiting. The other options are signs of anorexia nervosa and not usually seen in bulimia.

A client has a history of daily bourbon drinking for the past 6 months. He is brought to an emergency department by family who report that his last drink was 1 hour ago. It is now 12 midnight. When should a nurse expect this client to exhibit withdrawal symptoms? A. Between 3 a.m. and 11 a.m. B. Shortly after a 24-hour period C. At the beginning of the third day D. Withdrawal is individualized and cannot be predicted.

ANS: A The nurse should expect that this client will begin experiencing withdrawal symptoms from alcohol between 3 a.m. and 11 a.m. Symptoms of alcohol withdrawal usually occur within 4 to 12 hours of cessation or reduction in heavy and prolonged alcohol use.

An outpatient diagnosed with anorexia nervosa has begun refeeding. Between the first and second appointments, the patient gained 8 pounds. The nurse should: a. assess lung sounds and extremities. b. suggest use of an aerobic exercise program. c. positively reinforce the patient for the weight gain. d. establish a higher goal for weight gain the next week.

ANS: A Weight gain of more than 2 to 5 pounds weekly may overwhelm the heart's capacity to pump, leading to cardiac failure. The nurse must assess for signs of pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure. The incorrect options are undesirable because they increase the risk for cardiac complications.

A client is admitted for alcohol detoxification. During detoxification, which symptoms should the nurse expect to assess? A. Gross tremors, delirium, hyperactivity, and hypertension B. Disorientation, peripheral neuropathy, and hypotension C. Oculogyric crisis, amnesia, ataxia, and hypertension D. Hallucinations, fine tremors, confabulation, and orthostatic hypotension

ANS: A Withdrawal is defined as the physiological and mental readjustment that accompanies the discontinuation of an addictive substance. Symptoms can include gross tremors, delirium, hyperactivity, hypertension, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, hallucinations, and seizures.

A nursing instructor is teaching students about cirrhosis of the liver. Which of the following student statements about the complications of hepatic encephalopathy should indicate that further student teaching is needed? (Select all that apply.) A. "A diet rich in protein will promote hepatic healing." B. "This condition leads to a rise in serum ammonia resulting in impaired mental functioning." C. "In this condition, blood accumulates in the abdominal cavity." D. "Neomycin and lactulose are used in the treatment of this condition." E. "This condition is caused by the inability of the liver to convert ammonia to urea."

ANS: A, C The nursing instructor should understand that further teaching is needed if the nursing student states that a diet rich in protein will promote hepatic healing and that this condition causes blood to accumulate in the abdominal cavity (ascites), because these are incorrect statements. The treatment of hepatic encephalopathy requires abstention from alcohol, temporary elimination of protein from the diet, and reduction of intestinal ammonia using neomycin or lactulose. This condition occurs in response to the inability of the liver to convert ammonia to urea for excretion.

Select all that apply. A patient referred to the eating disorders clinic has lost 35 pounds in 3 months. For which physical manifestations of anorexia nervosa should a nurse assess? a. Peripheral edema b. Parotid swelling c. Constipation d. Hypotension e. Dental caries f. Lanugo

ANS: A, C, D, F Peripheral edema is often present because of hypoalbuminemia. Constipation related to starvation is often present. Hypotension is often present because of dehydration. Lanugo is often present and is related to starvation. Parotid swelling is associated with bulimia. Dental caries are associated with bulimia. See relationship to audience response question.

A patient diagnosed with borderline personality disorder has a history of self-mutilation and suicide attempts. The patient reveals feelings of depression and anger with life. Which type of medication would the nurse expect to be prescribed? a.Benzodiazepine b.Mood stabilizing medication c.Monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) d.Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)

ANS: B

A mother who has a history of chronic heroin use has lost custody of her children due to abuse and neglect. She has been admitted to an inpatient substance-abuse program. Which client statement should a nurse associate with a positive prognosis for this client? A. "I'm not going to use heroin ever again. I know I've got the willpower to do it this time." B. "I cannot control my use of heroin. It's stronger than I am." C. "I'm going to get all my children back. They need their mother." D. "Once I deal with my childhood physical abuse, recovery should be easy."

ANS: B A positive prognosis is more likely when a client admits that he or she is addicted to a substance and has a loss of control. One of the first steps in accepting treatment is for the client to admit powerlessness over the substance.

A patient diagnosed with anorexia nervosa is resistant to weight gain. What is the rationale for establishing a contract with the patient to participate in measures designed to produce a specified weekly weight gain? a. Because severe anxiety concerning eating is expected, objective and subjective data may be unreliable. b. Patient involvement in decision making increases sense of control and promotes compliance with treatment. c. Because of increased risk of physical problems with refeeding, the patient's permission is needed. d. A team approach to planning the diet ensures that physical and emotional needs will be met.

ANS: B A sense of control for the patient is vital to the success of therapy. A diet that controls weight gain can allay patient fears of too-rapid weight gain. Data collection is not the reason for contracting. A team approach is wise but is not a guarantee that needs will be met. Permission for treatment is a separate issue. The contract for weight gain is an additional aspect of treatment.

In assessing a client diagnosed with polysubstance abuse, the nurse should recognize that withdrawal from which substance may require a life-saving emergency intervention? A. Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine) B. Diazepam (Valium) C. Morphine (Astramorph) D. Phencyclidine (PCP)

ANS: B If large doses of central nervous system (CNS) depressants (like Valium) are repeatedly administered over a prolonged duration, a period of CNS hyperexcitability occurs on withdrawal of the drug. The response can be quite severe, even leading to convulsions and death.

Which personality characteristic is a nurse most likely to assess in a patient diagnosed with anorexia nervosa? a. Carefree flexibility b. Rigidity, perfectionism c. Open displays of emotion d. High spirits and optimism

ANS: B Rigid thinking, inability to demonstrate flexibility, and difficulty changing cognitions are characteristic of patients with eating disorders. The incorrect options are rare in a patient with an eating disorder. Inflexibility, controlled emotions, and pessimism are more the rule.

A nurse evaluates a client's patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump and notices 100 attempts within a 30-minute period. Which is the best rationale for assessing this client for substance dependence? A. Narcotic pain medication is contraindicated for all clients with active substance-abuse problems. B. Clients who are dependent on alcohol or benzodiazepines may have developed cross-tolerance to analgesics and require increased doses to achieve effective pain control. C. There is no need to assess the client for substance dependence. There is an obvious PCA malfunction. D. The client is experiencing symptoms of withdrawal and needs to be accurately assessed for lorazepam (Ativan) dosage.

ANS: B The nurse should assess the client for substance dependence because clients who are dependent on alcohol or benzodiazepines may have developed cross-tolerance to analgesics, and require increased doses to achieve effective pain control. Cross-tolerance occurs when one drug lessened the client's response to another drug.

A nurse is reviewing STAT laboratory data of a client presenting in the emergency department. At what minimum blood alcohol level should a nurse expect intoxication to occur? A. 50 mg/dL B. 100 mg/dL C. 250 mg/dL D. 300 mg/dL

ANS: B The nurse should expect that 100 mg/dL is the minimum blood alcohol level at which intoxication occurs. Intoxication usually occurs between 100 and 200 mg/dL. Death has been reported at levels ranging from 400 to 700 mg/dL.

A client with a history of heavy alcohol use is brought to an emergency department (ED) by family members who state that the client has had nothing to drink in the last 24 hours. Which client symptom should the nurse immediate report to the ED physician? A. Tactile hallucinations B. Blood pressure of 180/100 mm Hg C. Mood rating of 2/10 on numeric scale D. Dehydration

ANS: B The nurse should recognize that high blood pressure is a symptom of alcohol withdrawal and should promptly report this finding to the physician. Complications associated with alcohol withdrawal may progress to alcohol withdrawal delirium and possible seizure activity on about the second or third day following cessation of prolonged alcohol consumption.

A new psychiatric technician says, "Schizophrenia...schizotypal! What's the difference?" The nurse's response should include which information? a.A patient diagnosed with schizophrenia is not usually overtly psychotic. b.In schizotypal personality disorder, the patient remains psychotic much longer. c.With schizotypal personality disorder, the person can be made aware of misinterpretations of reality. d.Schizotypal personality disorder causes more frequent and more prolonged hospitalizations than schizophrenia.

ANS: C

A nurse reports to the treatment team that a patient diagnosed with an antisocial personality disorder has displayed the behaviors below. This patient is detached and superficial during counseling sessions. Which behavior by the patient most clearly warrants limit setting? a.Flattering the nurse b.Lying to other patients c.Verbal abuse of another patient d.Detached superficiality during counseling

ANS: C

A nurse conducting group therapy on the eating disorders unit schedules the sessions immediately after meals for the primary purpose of: a. maintaining patients' concentration and attention. b. shifting the patients' focus from food to psychotherapy. c. promoting processing of anxiety associated with eating. d. focusing on weight control mechanisms and food preparation.

ANS: C Eating produces high anxiety for patients with eating disorders. Anxiety levels must be lowered if the patient is to be successful in attaining therapeutic goals. Shifting the patients' focus from food to psychotherapy and focusing on weight control mechanisms and food preparation are not desirable. Maintaining patients' concentration and attention is important, but not the primary purpose of the schedule.

A nurse provides health teaching for a patient diagnosed with binge-purge bulimia. Priority information the nurse should provide relates to: a. self-monitoring of daily food and fluid intake. b. establishing the desired daily weight gain. c. how to recognize hypokalemia. d. self-esteem maintenance.

ANS: C Hypokalemia results from potassium loss associated with vomiting. Physiological integrity can be maintained if the patient can self-diagnose potassium deficiency and adjust the diet or seek medical assistance. Self-monitoring of daily food and fluid intake is not useful if the patient purges. Daily weight gain may not be desirable for a patient with bulimia nervosa. Self-esteem is an identifiable problem but is of lesser priority than the dangers associated with hypokalemia.

Over the past year, a woman has cooked gourmet meals for her family but eats only tiny servings. This person wears layered loose clothing. Her current weight is 95 pounds, a loss of 35 pounds. Which medical diagnosis is most likely? a. Binge eating b. Bulimia nervosa c. Anorexia nervosa d. Eating disorder not otherwise specified

ANS: C Overly controlled eating behaviors, extreme weight loss, preoccupation with food, and wearing several layers of loose clothing to appear larger are part of the clinical picture of an individual with anorexia nervosa. The individual with bulimia usually is near normal weight. The binge eater is often overweight. The patient with eating disorder not otherwise specified may be obese. See relationship to audience response question.

A client's wife has been making excuses for her alcoholic husband's work absences. In family therapy, she states, "His problems at work are my fault." Which is the appropriate nursing response? A. "Why do you assume responsibility for his behaviors?" B. "Codependency is a typical behavior of spouses of alcoholics." C. "Your husband needs to deal with the consequences of his drinking." D. "Do you understand what the term 'enabler' means?"

ANS: C The appropriate nursing response is to use confrontation with caring. The nurse should understand that the client's wife may be in denial and enabling the husband's behavior. Partners of clients with substance abuse must come to realize that the only behavior they can control is their own.

As a patient admitted to the eating disorders unit undresses, a nurse observes that the patient's body is covered by fine, downy hair. The patient weighs 70 pounds and is 5 feet 4 inches tall. Which term should be documented? a. Amenorrhea b. Alopecia c. Lanugo d. Stupor

ANS: C The fine, downy hair noted by the nurse is called lanugo. It is frequently seen in patients with anorexia nervosa. None of the other conditions can be supported by the data the nurse has gathered.

A client diagnosed with alcohol abuse joins a community 12-step program and states, "My life is unmanageable." How should the nurse interpret this client's statement? A. The client is using minimization as an ego defense. B. The client is ready to sign an Alcoholics Anonymous contract for sobriety. C. The client has accomplished the first of 12 steps advocated by Alcoholics Anonymous. D. The client has met the requirements to be designated as an Alcoholics Anonymous sponsor.

ANS: C The first step of the 12-step program advocated by Alcoholics Anonymous is that clients must admit powerlessness over alcohol and that their lives have become unmanageable.

During group therapy, a client diagnosed with chronic alcohol dependence states, "I would not have boozed it up if my wife hadn't been nagging me all the time to get a job. She never did think that I was good enough for her." How should a nurse interpret this statement? A. The client is using denial by avoiding responsibility. B. The client is using displacement by blaming his wife. C. The client is using rationalization to excuse his alcohol dependence. D. The client is using reaction formation by appealing to the group for sympathy.

ANS: C The nurse should interpret that the client is using rationalization to excuse his alcohol dependence. Rationalization is the defense mechanism by which people avoid taking responsibility for their actions by making excuses for the behavior.

On the first day of a client's alcohol detoxification, which nursing intervention should take priority? A. Strongly encourage the client to attend 90 Alcoholics Anonymous meetings in 90 days. B. Educate the client about the biopsychosocial consequences of alcohol abuse. C. Administer ordered chlordiazepoxide (Librium) in a dosage according to protocol. D. Administer vitamin B1 to prevent Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

ANS: C The priority nursing intervention for this client should be to administer ordered chlordiazepoxide (Librium) in a dosage according to protocol. Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) is a benzodiazepine and is often used for substitution therapy in alcohol withdrawal. Substitution therapy may be required to reduce life-threatening effects of the rebound stimulation of the central nervous system that occurs during withdrawal.

Select all that apply. A patient diagnosed with anorexia nervosa is hospitalized for treatment. What features should the milieu provide? a. Flexible mealtimes b. Unscheduled weight checks c. Adherence to a selected menu d. Observation during and after meals e. Monitoring during bathroom trips f. Privileges correlated with emotional expression

ANS: C, D, E Priority milieu interventions support restoration of weight and normalization of eating patterns. This requires close supervision of the patient's eating and prevention of exercise, purging, and other activities. There is strict adherence to menus. Observe patients during and after meals to prevent throwing away food or purging. Monitor all trips to the bathroom. Mealtimes are structured, not flexible. Weighing is performed on a regular schedule. Privileges are correlated with weight gain and treatment plan compliance.

A nurse determines desired outcomes for a patient diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder. Select the best outcome. The patient will: a.adhere willingly to unit norms. b.report decreased incidence of self-mutilative thoughts. c.demonstrate fewer attempts at splitting or manipulating staff. d.demonstrate ability to introduce self to a stranger in a social situation.

ANS: D

For which behavior would limit setting be most essential? The patient who: a.clings to the nurse and asks for advice about inconsequential matters. b.is flirtatious and provocative with staff members of the opposite sex. c.is hypervigilant and refuses to attend unit activities. d.urges a suspicious patient to hit anyone who stares.

ANS: D

The nurse caring for an individual demonstrating symptoms of schizotypal personality disorder would expect assessment findings to include: a.arrogant, grandiose, and a sense of self-importance. b.attention seeking, melodramatic, and flirtatious. c.impulsive, restless, socially aggressive behavior. d.socially anxious, rambling stories, peculiar ideas.

ANS: D

Which term should a nurse use to describe the administration of a central nervous system (CNS) depressant during alcohol withdrawal? A. Antagonist therapy B. Deterrent therapy C. Codependency therapy D. Substitution therapy

ANS: D A CNS depressant such as Ativan is used during alcohol withdrawal as substitution therapy to prevent life-threatening symptoms that occur because of the rebound reaction of the central nervous system.

A nurse finds a patient diagnosed with anorexia nervosa vigorously exercising before gaining the agreed-upon weekly weight. Which response by the nurse is appropriate? a. "You and I will have to sit down and discuss this problem." b. "It bothers me to see you exercising. I am afraid you will lose more weight." c. "Let's discuss the relationship between exercise, weight loss, and the effects on your body." d. "According to our agreement, no exercising is permitted until you have gained a specific amount of weight."

ANS: D A matter-of-fact statement that the nurse's perceptions are different will help to avoid a power struggle. Treatment plans have specific goals for weight restoration. Exercise is limited to promote weight gain. Patients must be held accountable for required behaviors.

A nurse is caring for a client who has been prescribed disulfiram (Antabuse) as a deterrent to alcohol relapse. Which information should the nurse include when teaching the client about this medication? A. "Only oral ingestion of alcohol will cause a reaction when taking this drug." B. "It is safe to drink beverages that have only 12% alcohol content." C. "This medication will decrease your cravings for alcohol." D. "Reactions to combining Antabuse with alcohol can occur 2 weeks after stopping the drug."

ANS: D If Antabuse is discontinued, it is important for the client to understand that the sensitivity to alcohol may last for as long as 2 weeks.

Which assessment finding for a patient diagnosed with an eating disorder meets criteria for hospitalization? a. Urine output 40 mL/hr b. Pulse rate 58 beats/min c. Serum potassium 3.4 mEq/L d. Systolic blood pressure 62 mm Hg

ANS: D Systolic blood pressure less than 70 mm Hg is an indicator for inpatient care. Many people without eating disorders have bradycardia (pulse less than 60 beats/min). Urine output should be more than 30 mL/hr. A potassium level of 3.4 mEq/L is within the normal range.

A psychiatric clinical nurse specialist uses cognitive-behavioral therapy for a patient diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. Which statement by the staff nurse supports this type of therapy? a. "What are your feelings about not eating foods that you prepare?" b. "You seem to feel much better about yourself when you eat something." c. "It must be difficult to talk about private matters to someone you just met." d. "Being thin doesn't seem to solve your problems. You are thin now but still unhappy."

ANS: D The correct response is the only strategy that attempts to question the patient's distorted thinking.

Which medication orders should a nurse anticipate for a client who has a history of complicated withdrawal from benzodiazepines? A. Haloperidol (Haldol) and fluoxetine (Prozac) B. Carbamazepine (Tegretol) and donepezil (Aricept) C. Disulfiram (Antabuse) and lorazepan (Ativan) D. Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) and phenytoin (Dilantin)

ANS: D The nurse should anticipate that a physician would order chlordiazepoxide (Librium) and phenytoin (Dilantin) for a client who has a history of complicated withdrawal from benzodiazepines. It is common for long-lasting benzodiazepines to be prescribed for substitution therapy. Phenytoin (Dilantin) is an anticonvulsant that would be indicated for a client who has experienced a complicated withdrawal. Complicated withdrawals may progress to seizure activity.

A nurse is interviewing a client in an outpatient substance-abuse clinic. To promote success in the recovery process, which outcome should the nurse expect the client to initially accomplish? A. The client will identify one person to turn to for support. B. The client will give up all old drinking buddies. C. The client will be able to verbalize the effects of alcohol on the body. D. The client will correlate life problems with alcohol use.

ANS: D To promote the recovery process the nurse should expect that the client would initially correlate life problems with alcohol use. Acceptance of the problem is the first step of the recovery process.

Jermaine scores a 7 on the SAD PERSONS scale. What action needs to be taken? A. Closely follow up; consider hospitalization. B. Hospitalize or commit. C. Send home with follow-up. D. Strongly consider hospitalization.

B. Hospitalize or commit.

A suicidal individual calls a suicide hot line. This represents the level of intervention classified as: A. primary. B. secondary. C. tertiary. D. quaternary.

B. secondary.

The nursing diagnosis Risk for self-directed violence has been added to the care plan of a suicidal client. The most appropriate short-term goal would be that while hospitalized, the client will: A. reclaim any prized possessions that were given away. B. name three personal strengths. C. seek help when feeling self-destructive. D. participate in a self-help group.

C. seek help when feeling self-destructive.

When working with a client who may have made a covert reference to suicide, the nurse should: A. be careful not to mention the idea of suicide. B. listen carefully to see whether the client mentions it a second time. C. ask about the possibility of suicidal thoughts in a covert way. D. ask the client directly if he or she is thinking of attempting suicide.

D. ask the client directly if he or she is thinking of attempting suicide.

The nurse proposes that a suicidal client enter into a no-suicide contract. Such a contract would contain a provision that the client promises: A. never to attempt suicide. B. to alert someone if he or she has made an attempt. C. not to consider suicide for 72 hours. D. not to attempt suicide in the next 24 hours.

D. not to attempt suicide in the next 24 hours.