Metabolism

Which activity expends the greatest amount of energy per hour?

competitive swimming

Which primary mechanism of heat transfer is the direct transfer of energy through physical contact?

conduction

Which nutrient group provides vitamins A, B12, pantothenic acid, thiamine, and riboflavin?

dairy

In the postabsorptive state of metabolic activity, __________.

glucocorticoids stimulate the mobilization of lipid and protein reserves

In most tissues, the transport of glucose into the cell is dependent on the presence of a carrier protein that is stimulated by which of the following?

insulin

Convection __________.

is the result of conductive heat loss to the air that overlies the surface of the body

Glucose

is transported to the liver by way of the hepatic portal vein.

An excess of which water-soluble vitamin results in polycythemia?

B12 (cobalamin)

Which response is coordinated by the heat-gain center?

In children, hypothalamic TRH release increases.

Why is glucose the primary energy source for cells?

It can be efficiently stored as glycogen, which forms compact, insoluble granules.

Which statement regarding the citric acid cycle is true?

Its function is to remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to coenzymes.

Which statement regarding long-term regulation of appetite is true?

Leptin, a peptide hormone released by adipose tissues as they synthesize triglycerides, stimulates the satiety center.

Which of the statements below represents one potential disadvantage to Keith's proposed all-meat diet?

Lipid catabolism is slower than carbohydrate catabolism

Which characteristic correctly applies to lipid metabolism?

Most lipids can be synthesized on demand.

Choose the correct characteristic regarding the short-term mechanism of control of the hypothalamic satiety and feeding centers.

Several hormones of the digestive tract, including CCK, suppress appetite during the absorptive state.

If Keith adopts an all-meat diet, with which vitamin below should he make sure to supplement his diet to avoid deficiency?

Vitamin A

Which is correct regarding the heat-gain center's conservation of body heat?

The countercurrent exchange of heat from the periphery traps heat near the body core.

Which statement regarding amino acid metabolism is true?

The removal of the amino group is the first step in amino acid catabolism.

Which of the following is a response coordinated by the heat-loss center?

The respiratory centers are stimulated.

Which is a characteristic of oxidative phosphorylation?

The stepwise passage of electrons by coenzymes embedded in the cristae of the mitochondrion releases energy.

What is the definition of metabolism?

The sum of all chemical reactions, both breakdown and build-up reactions.

Choose the correct statement regarding glycolysis.

There is a net gain of two ATP molecules for each glucose molecule.

Which is the common substrate for mitochondria in the citric acid cycle?

acetate

In the absorptive state of metabolic activity:

androgens, estrogens, and growth hormone stimulate protein synthesis.

Chylomicrons

are lipoproteins-lipid-protein complexes that contain insoluble lipids.

Which process describes the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources?

gluconeogenesis

Which condition results when body fluids become saturated with uric acid?

gout

Which of the following basic food groups provides complete proteins?

meat, fish, eggs, and legumes

When chyme arrives in the duodenum, cholecystokinin (CCK) release triggers the secretion of which enzyme?

pancreatic alpha-amylase

Beriberi is an effect of deficiency of which water-soluble vitamin?

vitamin B1 (thiamine)

Which fat-soluble vitamin is essential for liver synthesis of prothrombin and other clotting factors?

vitamin K