MGMT 2500 Exam 2

Which of the following is an example of objective feedback?

"You saved the company 2,000 by altering the delivery schedule"

___ feedback occurs when individuals compare their own perceived performance with feedback from superiors, subordinates, and peers?

360- degree

What is the primary managerial implication of Maslow's theory?

A satisfied need may lose its motivational potential

__ is a sense of "we-ness" that helps groups stay together?

Cohesiveness

Role __ occurs when others have contradictory or inconsistent expectations of the focal person?

Conflict

The key components of effective teamwork are?

Cooperation, trust, and cohesiveness

This leadership style is most beneficial in a group's early history?

Directive, structured

According to Vroom's expectancy theory, __ represents in individual's belief that a particular degree of effort will be followed by a particular level of performance

Expectancy

___ holds that people are motivated to behave in ways that produce desired combination of expected outcomes?

Expectancy theory

According to the job characteristics model, skill variety, task identity and task significance lead to the psychological state of?

Experienced meaningfulness

Thorndike's law of effect holds that behavior with ___ consequences tends to ___, while behavior with __ consequences tends to __

Favorable, be repeated; unfavorable, disappear

__ lets people know if they are headed toward their goals or if they are off course and need to redirect there efforts

Feedback

The purpose of a __ group is to help the organization accomplish its goals, while the purpose of a __ is getting together in friendship?

Formal; Informal

Management by objectives is a management system that incorporates?

Goal setting

__ occurs when a cohesive group is unwilling to realistically view alternatives?

Groupthink

Pat and Chris are both computer programmers, but Pat earns more money than Chris. However, Chris perceives an equitable relationship because Pat:

Has more education and experience

Pam is attempting to reduce inequity by attending night school for further job training. In other words trying to?

Increase her inputs

Needs are

Internal factors that arouse behavior

The primary objective of the job characteristics model is to increase?

Internal motivation

Personal feelings of self- satisfaction and accomplishment are examples of __ rewards??

Intrinsic

Vertical loading is associated with?

Job enrichment

In Maslow's need hiearchy theory, the __ need contains the needs for affection and belonging?

Love

Which of the following is a recommended practice when shaping behavior?

Make all rewards contingent on performance

The __ is defined as the desire to influence, coach teach, or encourage others to achieve?

Need for achievement

The __ is defined as the desire to spend time in social relationships and activities?

Need for affiliation

The __ is defined as the desire to master, manipulate, or organize physical objects, human beings or ideas and motivates entrepreneurs ?

Need for power

Equity theory predicts that a student will experience __ if a friend of equal scholarly ability studies the same amount for a test but receives a higher grade?

Negative inequity

__ help organizational members determine right from wrong and clarify behavioral expectations?

Norms

Role ________ occurs when the role sender's expectations exceed the abilities of the focal person?

Overload

According to Tuckman's five stage theory of group development, the __ stage is when activity is focused on solving task problems. Conflicts and job boundary disputes are handled?

Performing

What is the bottom- to- top sequence of needs in Maslow's need hierarchy?

Physiological, safety, love, esteem, self- actualization

___ teams require creative problem solving, which often involves the application of specialized knowledge?

Project

Being supportive and non- threatening, setting goals that are under the employees' control, and explaining why an individual's personal goals support the corporate goals are all the ways?

Promoting goal commitment

__ are small groups of people from the same work area who voluntarily got together to identify, analyze, and recommend solutions for problems related to productivity?

Quality circles

According to equity theory, ___ is an outcome of the employee- employee exchange?

Recognition

According to Alderfer's ERG theory, the __ need reflects the desire to have meaningful relationships with significant others.

Relatedness

According to Herzberg's motivator- hygiene model, which of the following is a motivator factor?

Responsibility

In Maslow's need hierarchy, the ____ need is the desire to become the best one can be

Self- Actualization

Goal commitment may be increased by?

Setting goals that are under the employees control

According to Tuckman's five stage theory of group development, the __ stage is when subgroups take shape and subtle forms of rebellion occur?

Storming

According to Herzberg's motivator- hygiene model, which of the following is a hygiene factor?

Supervisor relations

__ is a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose?

Team

A sense of meaningfulness, a sense of choice, a sense of competence, and a sense of progress represents?

The types of intrinsic rewards responsible for intrinsic motivation.

___ refers to the positive or negative value people place on outcomes

Valence

Which of the following is true regarding hygiene factors? They

are associated with the work context or environment

When giving feedback, managers should?

base it on accurate and credible information

An expectancy of 0.0 indicates...

effort has no anticipated impact on performance

In Maslow's need hierarchy, the __ need is the desire for reputation, prestige, and recognition

esteem

Equity theory is a motivation model that explains how people strive for __ in social exchanges and give and take relationships?

fairness

___ is defined as what an individual is trying to accomplish, the object or aim of an action.

goal