mgmt 310

Which of the following statements best describes the political model of decision making?

A model of decision making that acknowledges that most organizational decisions involve many managers who have different goals and who have to share information to reach an agreement

Which of the following statements best describes negotiation?

A process by which two parties attempt to reach agreement on an issue by offering and reviewing various courses of action

Which of the following is the best example of a team in the storming stage of development?

A team with members arguing with each other due to interpersonal issues arising from differences in the perspectives of each team member

Which of the following teams is the best example of a team in the norming stage of development?

A team with members sharing their personal opinion with others and group members being more open to one another's ideas and suggestions

Which of the following statements about teams and workgroups is true?

All teams may not be a work group, but all work groups are necessarily teams.

Which of the following situations is the best example of an intergroup conflict?

An organization's marketing team had a conflict with the production team due to the delay in the arrival of finished products.

Individuals who connect their immediate work group with other parts of the company or with groups in other organizations are called _____.

Boundary Spanners

Which of the following statements is true of diverse teams?

Diverse team members tend to produce more creative and innovative solutions.

Vinita buys a stock assuming that she can make profit out of it. However, shortly thereafter the stock value drops and she loses a lot of money. Her financial planner thinks the stock value will drop further and advices her to sell the stock. However, she has lost so much money already and therefore she doesn't want to sell. Instead she holds onto the stock in hopes to regain her loss. Instead she loses more. This phenomena is referred to as:

Escalation of commitment

Thomas is an executive in a firm's IT department. He has immense knowledge in IT and has come up with many technological innovations, which had helped the organization to perform its activities more efficiently. Moreover, he has the ability to solve all types of issues that arise on a daily basis with relative ease. As a result, the individuals in the organization developed great respect for him. Identify the kind of power demonstrated by Thomas.

Expert Power

Which of the following statements is true of distributive negotiation?

In these negotiations, what one person wins, the other person loses.

Which of the following statements about interpersonal networks is true?

Interpersonal networks are networks of relationships that develop across functions to accomplish tasks quickly.

Which of the following situations is the best example of an interpersonal conflict?

Jane and Jack, executives of a firm's finance department, had a conflict with their teammate, John, who failed to submit an important report on time.

Which of the following is an extrinsic reward?

Job security

Which of the following statements about Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory is true?

Lower-order needs must be satisfied before higher-order needs can be addressed.

Which of the following individuals best represents a person with reward power?

Maria, a team lead, motivates her team members by giving them incentives and promotions on improved performance.

Which of the following statements about the reinforcement theory is true?

Negative reinforcements tend to decrease certain behaviors.

Which of the following statements about negotiating across cultures is true?

People in low-context cultures prefer to communicate directly.

Which of the following networks is the best example of a trust network?

Pinky couldn't work on her project due to some personal issues. She discussed her issues with Paul, her teammate, and he helped her finish the task on time.

According to Whetton and Cameron, power that comes from an individual's formal place within an organization's structure is known as _____ power.

Positional

Which of the following is a symptom of groupthink?

Pressures toward uniformity

Which of the following is the best example of a geographically distributed team?

Sam, Ben, and Nick are team members working from three different locations on the same project, relying mainly on telephone calls and e-mails to interact with each other.

Which of the following terms refers to the value that an individual can derive from his or her contacts?

Social capital

Which of the following statements about nonprogrammed decisions is true?

These are made in response to novel, poorly defined, or unstructured situations.

Which of the following individuals best represents a person with referent power?

Vinita, an executive, has a great personality and everyone in the organization respects and admires her for her intelligence.

Which of the following statements about strength of ties is true?

Weak ties are effective in sharing information and they often provide redundant information

Which of the following networks best exemplifies an advice network?

When it comes to solving technical issues, the employees in an organization often get suggestions from Victor who has more technical expertise.

According to Gulati and Sytch, dependence asymmetry exists when:

a firm is more dependent on a business partner.

Jane is Maria's colleague and they often tend to argue with each other over minor issues. Both belong to the same team and Jane often insults Maria by passing rude comments for no reason and Maria in turn threatens Jane. This scenario is the best example of an _____ conflict.

affective

Edwin, a top manager in a bureaucratic organization, often engages in persuading employees while making decisions and focuses more on his team and provides extra coaching to employees. He also maintains a good reputation both inside and outside the organization. Based on McClelland's acquired needs theory, it can be inferred that Edwin is an example of _____.

an affiliation oriented manager

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, hygiene factors:

are potential dissatisfiers that, when fulfilled, do not cause people to become satisfied.

The process of sharing power with subordinates and pushing decision making and implementation to the lowest possible level, increasing the influence and autonomy of all employees is referred to as _____.

empowerment

Maria and Jose have worked together in the same office in the same position for quite some time. They have similar educational backgrounds and have been in the job for about the same period of time. Maria works extremely hard and often notices that Jose is taking long breaks and not putting in the same effort as she is. Thus, when she learns that Jose is paid $8000, more than what she earns, she gets very upset and decides to reduce her effort and take long breaks as well. Which of the following theories explains this behavior?

equity theory

The acronym ERG in Alderfer's theory of motivation refers to:

existence, relatedness, and growth.

John, a top executive, is in a situation where he has to quickly decide between two projects that came in simultaneously from two major clients. Since his team is not big enough to complete both projects at a time, he cannot accept both. He had a hunch and just like that accepted one of the clients' project without any considerations. This scenario is an example of _____.

intuitive decision making

The factor that differentiates work groups from teams is that work groups:

involve individual accountability and clearly defined leadership.

Bounded rationality refers to:

making decisions within a set of constraints.

Mark, an employee, belongs to the marketing department in an organization. However, he often interacts with people in all other departments including top management, which helped him improve professionally and personally. By maintaining many informal networks within the organization, he manages to get his job done more effectively than others. From this description, it can be inferred that Mark demonstrates _____ power.

referent

The act of choosing a solution that is good enough is called _____.

satisficing

According to Douglas McGregor, managers who conform to Theory X:

tend to believe that employees are principally motivated by extrinsic rewards, especially compensation.

Of the three variables of expectancy theory, valence includes:

the evaluation of whether the available outcomes are attractive to the employee.

As a response to conflict, avoidance must be used when:

the issue is trivial.

The management in an organization wanted to reduce employee turnover by increasing their job satisfaction. Therefore, they provided employees with a safe work environment and a sense of job security. However, the turnover rate did not decrease even after implementing these changes. During exit interviews, the employees complained that they do not have any opportunities for achievement and personal recognition. From this scenario, according to Herzberg's theory, it can be understood that:

the organization falls short of motivators.

The status quo bias is best described as:

the tendency to favor the 'here and now' and to reject potential change.

Influence refers to the:

vehicle by which leaders exercise their power.