MGMT 311
Which of the following is a "hidden cost" of employee turnover?
decreased morale
performance goals
goals framed in terms of performing well in front of others, being judged favorably, and avoiding criticism
The personality dimension of neuroticism is associated with the traits of being
moody and emotional.
Mentally "checking out" and going through the motions at work is a reaction known as
neglect
Spending money to train and develop employees is a means of fostering
normative commitment.
Mary is an extravert who is highly regarded in her department for her conscientiousness to daily tasks. This describes Mary's
personality
Integrity tests
personality tests that focus specifically on a predisposition to engage in theft and other counterproductive behaviors
cultural values
shared beliefs about desirable end states or modes of conduct in a given culture
Luke is at a leadership conference where he has just met Jasmine for the first time. In this situation, he will most easily be able to judge if Jasmine has the personality trait of
extraversion.
Big 5 Taxonomy
1. Conscientiousness 2. Agreeableness 3. Neuroticism 4. Openness to experience 5. Extraversion
holland RIASEC
1. realistic-hands on, 2. investigative-analytical, theory oriented 3.artistic- entertaining and fascinating 4. social-enjoys helping or serving 5.enterprising-persuading, leading 6.conventional-organization, data
Which of the following is a characteristic trait of a bad coworker?
1. seems to always be looking for something else, even if it is not better
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
4 types 1.extraversion 2.sensing 3.thinking 4.judging
Psychological empowerment
An intrinsic form of motivation derived from the belief that one's work tasks are contributing to some larger purpose
Conscientiousness
Dependable, organized, reliable, ambitious, hardworking, and persevering
Which of the following is true of diversity in the workplace?
Diversity makes it more challenging to retain valued employees by reducing affective and continuance commitment.
Which of the following is a "veiled purpose" test item in an integrity test?
Do you agree with the statement, "I don't feel I've had control over my life"?
Which of the following statement concerning personality and cultural values is not true?
Employees are the same anywhere in the world—responsible, easygoing employees from the United States act the same as responsible, easygoing employees in China.
lone wolves
Employees with low commitment levels and high task performance levels who focus on their own career rather than what benefits the organization.
External Locus
Highly structured jobs requiring greater compliance
One of the taxonomies used to describe cultural values is the
Hofstede Dimensions.
Openness to experience
Imaginative, creative, complex, refined and sophisticated
Frank and Daniel both agreed to volunteer for a company project cleaning and organizing the district warehouse. There were to be 50 volunteers. Upon arrival, they discovered volunteer turnout was low. They were assigned to the northwest corner of the warehouse where they were to meet Trixie, who would give them their assignment. When they arrived, Trixie was nowhere to be found but they did find two push-brooms leaning against the wall. Frank took a seat on a box to wait for Trixie and his assignment. Daniel grabbed one of the push-brooms and began sweeping. While he was sweeping, Daniel thought, "This is why my desk looks so tidy, while Frank's desk looks like a disaster." Which of the following statements is likely true of this scenario?
In this weak situation, Frank's laziness trait is activated.
Which of the following is true of organizational behavior?
It is a field of study devoted to understanding the attitudes and behaviors of individuals and groups in organizations.
Which of the following is true about "agreeableness"?
It reflects a strong desire to obtain acceptance in personal relationships as a means of expressing personality.
Internal Locus
Jobs with high initiative and lower compliance
________ is the use of work time and resources to complete something other than job duties, such as assignments for another job.
Moonlighting
Which of the following statements is an expression of normative commitment?
My organization gave me my start . . . they hired me when others thought I was not qualified.
Neuroticism
Nervous, moody, emotional, insecure, jealous
Normative Commitment
Obligation Based
Which of the following is true according to the Rule of One-Eighth?
One-half of the firms that make comprehensive changes will persist with their practices long enough to actually derive economic benefits.
Method of Science
People accept some belief because scientific studies have tended to replicate that result using a series of samples, settings, and methods
Method of Intuition
People hold firmly to some belief because it "just stands to reason"—it seems obvious or self-evident.
Locus of control
Reflects whether people attribute the causes of events to themselves or to the external environment
Which of the following is accurate with regard to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator method of personality measurement?
Research on this model suggests that managers are more likely to be "thinking-judging" personality types than the general population.
SMART goals
Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timely
Situational strength
Strong situations have clear behavioral expectations, incentives, or instructions that makes differences between individuals less important
Extraversion
Talkative, sociable, passionate, assertive, bold, and dominant
Short-term vs. long term orientation
The degree to which a culture stresses values that are past- and present-oriented (short-term orientation) or future-oriented (long-term orientation).
Masculinity-femininity
The degree to which a culture values stereotypically male traits (masculinity) or stereotypically female traits (femininity).
causal inference
The establishment that one variable does not cause another, based on covariation, temporal precedence, and the elimination of alternative explanations.
________ are defined as a collection of assertions—both verbal and symbolic—that specify how and why variables are related, as well as the conditions in which they should (and should not) be related.
Theories
________ contracts are based on a narrow set of specific monetary obligations.
Transactional
Agreeableness
Warm, kind, cooperative, sympathetic, helpful, and courteous
Which of the following answer options is not one of the four primary responses to negative events at work?
Withdrawl
intrinsic motivation
a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake The psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior
extrinsic motivation
a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment
withdrawal behavior
a set of actions that employees perform to avoid the work situation - behaviors that may eventually culminate in quitting the organization
The scientific method begins with
a theory
Goal Setting Theory
a theory that says that specific and difficult goals, with feedback, lead to higher performance The process of motivating and clarifying employees role perception by establishing performance objectives
Equity Theory
a theory that states that people will be motivated when they perceive that they are being treated fairly
Bri took a test and found out she has an investigative personality type. According to the RIASEC model, Bri will probably enjoy
abstract, analytical, theory-oriented tasks and tend to be analytical, intellectual, reserved, and scholarly.
When an employee has a desire to remain a member of an organization because they want to, they are exhibiting which type of commitment?
affective
equity distress
an internal tension that can only be alleviated by restoring balance to the ratios
progression model
argues that the various withdrawal behaviors are positively correlated
independent forms model
argues that the various withdrawal behaviors are uncorrelated with one another, occur for different reasons, and fulfill different needs on the part of employees
compensatory forms model
argues that the various withdrawal behaviors negatively correlate with one another - that doing one means you're less likely to do another
clear purpose tests
ask applicants about their attitudes toward dishonesty, beliefs about the frequency of dishonesty, endorsements of common rationalizations for dishonesty, desire to punish dishonesty, and confessions of past dishonesty
veiled purpose tests
assess more general personality traits that are associated with dishonest acts
Joe takes a personal location device with him whenever he goes hiking in the woods because the park ranger said they save lives when a hiker becomes lost. Joe is exhibiting the method of
authority.
Relational contracts
based on a broader set of open-ended and subjective obligations
Which of the Big Five personality traits has the greatest effect on typical performance?
conscientiousness
continuance commitment
cost based
Which of the following is something a company could do to foster bonding and affective commitment?
hold a weekly "employee appreciation" party
Which of the following qualities of an organization adds to the value of its resources by making it inimitable?
its people
Which one of the following is an individual outcome of interest to organizational behavior researchers?
job performance
meta-analysis
method that combines the results of multiple scientific studies by essentially calculating a weighted average correlation across studies
Rule of 1/8th
one half of organizations won't believe the connection between how they manage their people and the profits they earn one half of organizations will try to make a single change to solve their problems, not realizing that the effective management of people requires a more comprehensive and systematic approach
self-efficacy
one's sense of competence and effectiveness
Method of Experience
people hold firmly to some belief because it is consistent with their own experience and observations
Method of Authority
people hold firmly to some belief because some respected official, agency, or source has said it is so
stretch goals
performance targets that we have to work extra hard and stretch to reach
Psychological contracts
reflect employees beliefs about what they owe the organization and what the organization owes them
Instrumentality
represents the belief that successful performance will result in some outcomes
learning goals
set targets to create the knowledge and skills required for performance
Trait activation
some situations provide cues that trigger the expression of a given trait
social influence model
suggests that employees who have direct linkages with "leavers" will themselves become more likely to leave
erosion model
suggests that employees with fewer bonds will be most likely to quit the organization
Embeddedness
summarizes employees' links to their organization and community, their sense of fit with their organization and community, and what they would have to sacrifice for a job change
Valence
the anticipated value of the outcomes associated with performance
individual collectivism
the degree to which a culture has a loosely knit social framework (individualism) or a tight social framework (collectivism)
power distance
the degree to which a culture prefers equal power distribution
uncertainty avoidance
the degree to which a culture tolerates ambiguous situations (low uncertainty avoidance) or feels threatened by them (high uncertainty avoidance).
Expectancy Theory
the theory that people will be motivated to the extent to which they believe that their efforts will lead to good performance, that good performance will be rewarded, and that they will be offered attractive rewards
If a scatter plot comparing two variables results in a straight line, which of the following best describes the correlation between the two variables?
they show a perfect correlation of 1.0.
Collectivists exhibit
•Higher levels of task performance and citizenship behaviors in work team settings •Lower levels of counterproductive and withdrawal behaviors •Greater commitment to employers •Preference for group rewards versus rewards tied to individual achievement