MGMT 3370 TTU Exam 2 Review Questions

Which of the following is not one of the main ways to reduce cognitive dissonance? Change your attitude. Find consonant elements that outweigh the dissonant ones. Complete an EI assessment. Change your behavior. Belittle the importance of the inconsistent behavior.

Complete an EI assessment.

Workers who face discrimination in their jobs in the United States are best protected by ______ legislation. small business labor EEO compensation OSHA

EEO

______ means that anyone can be dismissed at any time for any reason at all, or for no reason. Capricious dismissal Quid pro quo Nonrational dismissal Fair termination Employment at will

Employment at will

Several studies found that strategic planning does not benefit smaller companies, as they very seldom see improvements in financial performance from this type of planning. True False

False

When a grocery store chain adopts a new practice of its competitors by staying open 24 hours a day, requiring employees to work flexible schedules, it is considered a(n) ______ change. innovative radically innovative impermanent adaptive process

Innovative

_______ are organizations of employees formed to protect and advance their members' interests by bargaining with management over job-related issues. Mediation firms Labor unions Right-to-work groups Safety boards Arbitration boards

Labor unions

Employee engagement is defined as an individual's involvement, satisfaction, and enthusiasm for work. True False

True

In deciding to decide, a manager agrees that he or she must decide what to do about a problem or opportunity and take effective decision-making steps. True False

True

Elly and Sylvia, owners of Organic Foods, do not have a formal policy about dress code and work procedures because they see their company as a family place that is enjoyable to work for. Elly and Sylvia believe that if you treat employees like family, the company will do well and grow. These beliefs by the owners of Organic Foods represent the core values of their organization's culture, and are known as ____. family codes basic assumptions observable artifacts rites and rituals a code of ethics

basic assumptions

Organizational ______ tries to explain and predict workplace behavior to help managers better lead and motivate others. strategy behavior development culture awareness

behavior

Analyzing the underlying causes is the process of ____. digging diagnosis management through analysis analytics undermining

diagnosis

Kotter proposed which of the following for organization change? a three-step model: diagnosis, intervention, and evaluation three types of innovation: adaptive, innovative, and radically innovative ten reasons employees resist change a three stage model: unfreezing, changing, and refreezing eight steps for leading organizational change

eight steps for leading organizational change

A(n) ______ program includes plans to help employees cope with stress, burnout, substance abuse, health problems, and family issues that influence job performance. career counseling counterproductive behavior employee engagement holistic wellness employee assistance

employee assistance

Organizational dimensions, the outer layer of the diversity wheel, include all of the following except _____. management status seniority ethnicity union affiliation work location

ethnicity

Innovation can be easily systematized. True False

false Lots of people believe that innovation can be systematized, or made a codified and standardized process that can be designed to always yield fruitful results. Obviously, if this could be done, many companies would be doing it. The problem with innovation, however, is that there are too many challenges associated with it, which makes success unpredictable.

When it comes to decision making, it is accurate to say that groups _____. take less time to make decisions, and their decision-making accuracy is higher take less time to make decisions, and the larger the group, lower the quality of the decision that are larger make higher-quality decisions have higher decision-making accuracy when group members know a good deal about the relevant issues take less time to make decisions, and are more confident about their choices than individuals are

have higher decision-making accuracy when group members know a good deal about the relevant issues

A control mechanism for making sure the right people do the right things at the right time is a(n) _____. matrix structure hierarchy of authority division of labor organization chart contingency design

hierarchy of authority

Teachers Credit Union has decided that tellers must rotate through a new weekend shift on Saturday afternoons since several of its financial competitors have recently begun to offer additional hours to customers. This is a(n) ______ change. innovative proactive reactive adaptive radically innovative

innovative

The predisposition in which people's subjective confidence in their decision making is greater than their objective accuracy is ____. the tunnel vision effect confidence bias predisposition bias hindsight bias overconfidence bias

overconfidence bias

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is considered a(n) ______ test. performance ability character reliability personality

personality

Jeff, the owner of a toy store, is interested in developing a sustainable competitive advantage. To do this he needs to be responsive to customers and to stay ahead in ____. -company diversity and synergy -profitability, usage of MBO, and innovation -innovating, quality, effectiveness, and company diversity -company diversity and synergy and strong employee morale -responsiveness, innovating, quality, and effectiveness

responsiveness, innovating, quality, and effectiveness

Firms such as General Motors and McDonald's actively collect information about customer preferences and try to address them in their new products. This reflects __________. social and political pressures technological advancements shareholder, customer, and market changes human resource concerns managers' behavior

shareholder, customer, and market changes

Which of the following is not a symptom of negative stress? alcohol abuse heart attack insomnia hostility slurred speech

slurred speech

In the BCG matrix, companies that have high growth and high market share, and are definite keepers are ____. cash cows stars sleeping giants sleepers turtles

stars

The tendency to attribute to an individual the characteristics one believes are typical of the group to which that individual belongs is called _____. selective perception stereotyping the halo effect attribution self-serving bias

stereotyping

Having realistic expectations and thinking about the kind of manager you want to be, not forgetting to manage upward and sideways as well as downward, getting guidance from other managers, and resisting isolation is good advice for those who are _____. developing a diversity or synergy plan starting retirement starting a networking group within an organization transitioning upward in an organization developing a training and development program

transitioning upward in an organization

_______________ is the ability to control your emotions and act with honesty and integrity in reliable and adaptable ways. Situational awareness Self-awareness Social awareness Self-management Relationship management

Self-management

The rational model of decision making is also called the ____ model. decision focused analytical classical logical

classical

When physically attractive people are also assumed to be smarter and nicer, which perception distortion has occurred? halo effect stereotyping recency effect self-serving bias selective perception

halo effect

A(n) ______ is a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people. hierarchy of authority task plan culture closed system organization

organization

The two co-founders of Network Appliance, a data-storage firm in Sunnyvale, California, were feuding with each other because one founder couldn't stick to his decisions, which drove the other founder crazy. A(n) ____________ began working with the warring executives in separate sessions to solve the problem. labor relations specialist informational technologist acquisition consultant family doctor organizational behavior specialist

organizational behavior specialist

According to the competing values framework, clan, adhocracy, market, and hierarchy are ____. organizational norms MBO levels of achievement organizational cultures industry cultural standards organizational values

organizational cultures

A company's overall ability to execute is a function of effectively executing according to three processes, but Bossidy and Charan proposed that the _____ process is the most important. -planning -leading -people -operations -controlling

people

Chad and his partner, John, have decided to update their computer network, although they have no expertise in this area. During a meeting with John, Chad commented that "Our decision is limited by numerous constraints, such as our understanding of the complexity of technology, time and money, imperfect information, and our conflicting goals." These limitations are hindrances to _____. rational decision making MBO satisficing intuitive decision making nonrational decisions

rational decision making

_______________ is the process of locating and attracting qualified applicants for jobs open in the organization. Selection Recruiting Hiring Job posting Interviewing

recruiting

If a manager knows one of his employees has low self-esteem and wishes to enhance it, he should _____. redesign the work so that it is routine and structured avoid delegating work to this employee avoid giving feedback provide frequent reminders about improving weaknesses reinforce the employee's positive attributes and skills

reinforce the employee's positive attributes and skills

An emotional or behavioral response to real or imagined threats to an established work routine is known as _____. fight or flight response resistance to change need for stability performance anxiety irrational insecurity

resistance to change

Many customers shop at Organic Foods because of the employees' extensive product knowledge. This is an example of the company's _____. -weaknesses -strengths -intelligence -opportunities -threats

strengths

Beginning with __________, a body of law has grown that requires organizations to provide employees with nonhazardous working conditions. the Taft-Hartley Act establishment of the National Labor Relations Board the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of 1970 the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of 1970

Tom and his family have developed a successful business selling a liquid spray fertilizer to other farmers in his area, consisting of rich, organic compost material. Recently ABC Seed, a national seed company, has been marketing a powdered chemical fertilizer to his customers that is less expensive than Tom's product. ABC's efforts are an example of ___ in Porter's model for industry analysis. -power of the suppliers -threats of new ideas -threats of substitute products and services -competitive rivalry among competitors -buyers' negotiating influence

threats of substitute products and services

______ refers to educating technical and operational employees in how to better do their current jobs. Training Orientation Development Career instruction Mentoring

training

The type of performance appraisal that consists of ratings of subjective attributes like attitude or leadership is a(n) ______ appraisal. behavioral self- objective trait 360-degree

trait

An organization's vision is its long-term goal describing _____. -the ethical and diversity standards of the organization -its competition and external environment -what the company wants to become, its long-term direction and strategic intent -the organization's purpose or reason for being -the organization's purpose or reason for being and its strategic intent

what the company wants to become, its long-term direction and strategic intent

Which of the following is a good suggestion for managers when conducting interviews? Ask questions spontaneously to get the most straightforward answers from the candidate. The resume should be used for selection of interview candidates only; ignore it thereafter. After the interview, write a short report with a quantitative score of the candidate's qualifications. Do more than half of the talking to make sure you are sharing enough about the company and its culture. Ask about the candidate's family to show personal interest.

After the interview, write a short report with a quantitative score of the candidate's qualifications.

Allie has a degenerative eye disease that is causing her to gradually lose her eyesight. When Allie asked her employer to purchase a low-vision computer for her use at work, she was instead let go. This violates provisions of the __________. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) Family and Medical Leave Act Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Privacy Act

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

Patty, the CEO of an oil drilling company, and her top management team recently discovered that their facilities are damaging an Asian beach and the local wildlife. They understand that they need to decide if temporarily closing or not closing the facility is unethical. They then consider the four questions: Is not temporarily closing the facility legal? If yes, does this proposed action maximize shareholder value? If yes, is not temporarily closing the facility ethical? If no, would it be ethical not to take the proposed action? These are suggested questions according to _____. Maslow's hierarchy of needs the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Bagley's ethical decision tree the stakeholder's value statement Frank Gilbreth's code of ethical conduct

Bagley's ethical decision tree

Stores of data that are so vast that conventional database management systems cannot handle them, and very sophisticated analysis software and supercomputing-level hardware are required, are known as ____. super data mega IT new age computing cyber-age databases Big Data

Big Data

The ____________ is a law that requires an extension of health insurance benefits after termination. Occupational Safety and Health Act Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) Civil Rights Act Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Social Security Act

Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA)

Quality Services is an organization that operates several companies that market food products, restaurant equipment, and paper and plastic products, and it even has a division that counsels restaurant owners, helping them become established. Quality Services is involved in a _____ strategy. -single-product -focused-differentiation strategy -differentiation -multiproduct -diversification

Diversification

______ has been associated with success for managers and salespeople. Emotional stability Openness to experience Extroversion Conscientiousness Agreeableness

Extroversion

Which piece of legislation first established the U.S. federal minimum wage? Occupational Safety and Health Act Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) Social Security Act Civil Rights Act Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938

Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938

A person who scores high on the openness to experience personality dimension is typically relaxed, secure, and unworried. True False

False

Being aware of your decision-making style does not really help a person determine his or her strengths and weaknesses as a decision maker, but it can help them understand when a decision needs to be made. True False

False

The metaphor for an invisible barrier preventing women and minorities from being promoted to top executive jobs is the steel curtain. True False

False

The local university is now facing some tough decisions, so they are using the decision tree, which contains individuals, web sites, and organizations that specialize in handling sensitive and difficult decisions. True False

False A decision tree is a graph of decisions and their possible consequences; it is used to create a plan to reach a goal.

An offensive strategy is a grand strategy that involves reduction in the organization's efforts. True False

False A defensive strategy, or a retrenchment strategy, is a grand strategy that involves reduction in the organization's efforts.

Thomas, an employee for a government contractor, likes the strict culture that he finds with ABC Industries, which supplies equipment parts to several government bases. There is very little focus on the external environment and little company flexibility due to the type of customers they serve. Since the product they sell needs little improvement and there is virtually no competition, few are risks taken. This is an example of an adhocracy culture. True False

False A hierarchy culture has an internal focus and values stability and control over flexibility. An adhocracy culture has an external focus and values flexibility. This type of culture attempts to create innovative products (new drugs) by being adaptable, creative, and quick to respond to changes in the marketplace. Employees are encouraged to take risks and experiment with new ways of getting things done (drug research).

A sustainable competitive advantage is the ability of an organization to perform the tasks it normally does well in the same way each time to perfect those activities. True False

False A sustainable competitive advantage is the ability of an organization to produce goods or services more effectively than its competitors do, thereby outperforming them. It means performing different activities from rivals, or performing similar activities in different ways.

According to Chester I. Barnard, an organization is made up of at least one person who strives daily to achieve the organization's goals. True False

False According to Chester I. Barnard's classic definition, an organization is a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people.

A logic manager is someone trained about matters of ethics in the workplace. True False

False An ethics officer is someone trained about matter of ethics in the workplace

Decision making is the process of identifying and choosing individuals who can assist with looking at alternative choices. True False

False Decision making is the process of identifying and choosing alternative courses of action.

Evidence-based management is the use of facts regarding an employee, for example when theft is suspected, and using a database to assist in decision making regarding future action. True False

False Evidence-based management means translating principles based on best evidence into organizational practice.

Mutual-benefit organizations are voluntary collectives whose purpose is to advance members' interests, while nonprofit organizations are formed to offer services to some clients, not to make a profit. True False

False Mutual-benefit organizations are voluntary collectives whose purpose is to advance members' interests (examples: unions, trade associations). Nonprofit organizations are formed to offer services to some clients, not to make a profit (examples: hospitals, colleges). For-profit organizations are formed to make money, or profits, by offering products or services (examples: Microsoft, Dell Computer. Delta Airlines).

Strategic planning is a type of planning used exclusively by the government to develop short-term strategies to compete globally. True False

False Strategic planning is concerned with developing a comprehensive program for long-term success.

The organizational-management process consists of seven steps: (1) doing research, (2) establishing the mission and vision, (3) assessing the current reality, (4) formulating the grand strategy, (4) implementing the strategy, (6) maintaining strategic control, and (7) maintaining the feedback loop. True False

False The strategic-management process has five steps, plus a feedback loop

When the company closed his plant and permanently dismissed most of the employees who worked there, Randy was subject to the process known as dismissal for cause. True False

False A downsizing is a permanent dismissal; there is no rehiring later. An automaker discontinuing a line of cars or on the path to bankruptcy might permanently let go of its production employees.

An employee assistance program focuses on self-responsibility, nutritional awareness, relaxation techniques, physical fitness, and environmental awareness. True False

False A holistic wellness program focuses on self-responsibility, nutritional awareness, relaxation techniques, physical fitness, and environmental awareness.

Because of globalization and information technology, the United States has an advantage in knowledge workers. True False

False A knowledge worker is someone whose occupation is principally concerned with generating or interpreting information, as opposed to manual labor. Because of globalization and information technology, the United States no longer has an advantage in knowledge workers. The United States may be in danger of slipping behind because of the advancement of China, India, Russia, and Brazil; the offshoring of sophisticated jobs; the decrease in math and science skills among today's younger Americans; and other factors.

Adaptive change is the introduction of a practice that is new to the organization. True False

False Adaptive change is reintroduction of a familiar practice—the implementation of a kind of change that has already been experienced within the same organization. Innovative change is the introduction of a practice that is new to the organization.

Negotiations between management and employees about disputes over compensation, benefits, working conditions, and job security are referred to as the union-management debate. True False

False Collective bargaining consists of negotiations between management and employees about disputes over compensation, benefits, working conditions, and job security.

Job satisfaction is an individual's involvement, satisfaction, and enthusiasm for work. True False

False Employee engagement is an individual's involvement, satisfaction, and enthusiasm for work. Job satisfaction is the extent to which you feel positive or negative about various aspects of your work.

For Megan, a program manager, her performance review at the end of the year included feedback from her four employees, her boss, another accounting manager, several clients, and even a few employees in other departments with whom she worked recently. This is an example of an employee survey. True False

False In the 360-degree assessment, or 360-degree feedback appraisal, employees are appraised not only by their managerial superiors but also by peers, subordinates, and sometimes clients, thus providing several perspectives

Organizational development managers and consultants follow a moving vehicle model. True False

False Like physicians, OD managers and consultants follow a medical-like model; that is, they follow the rules of evidence-based management. They approach the organization as if it were a sick patient, using diagnosis, intervention, and evaluation: "diagnosing" its ills, "prescribing" treatment or intervention, and "monitoring" or evaluating progress.

OD intervention strategies that are successful in one country are highly likely to be successfully applied in other countries. True False

False OD effectiveness is affected by cross-cultural considerations. Thus, an OD intervention that worked in one country should not be blindly applied to a similar situation in another country.

Before applying, Carlos read the job analysis for the available position, which said that the responsible party reviews contracts for technical accuracy and completeness, and tracks invoices against the executed contracts. True False

False Once the fundamentals of a job are understood, then you can write a job description, which summarizes what the holder of the job does and how and why he or she does it.

Organizational culture appears as five layers: observable artifacts, espoused values, basic assumptions, informal groups, and management groups. True False

False Organizational culture appears as three layers: (1) observable artifacts, (2) espoused values, and (3) basic assumptions.

The IT network that allows for the movement of organizational information within that company is known as the organizational structure. True False

False Organizational structure is a formal system of task and reporting relationships that coordinate and motivates an organization's members so that they can work together to achieve the organization's goals.

Thought is the process of interpreting and understanding one's environment. True False

False Perception is the process of interpreting and understanding one's environment

Selection is the process of locating and attracting qualified applicants for jobs open in the organization. True False

False Recruiting is the process of locating and attracting qualified applicants for jobs open in the organization.

Research reveals that reactive people tend to be more satisfied with their jobs, committed to their employer, and produce more work than nonproactive individuals. True False

False Research reveals that proactive people tend to be more satisfied with their jobs, committed to their employer, and produce more work than nonproactive individuals.

Cognitive dissonance can cause conflicts at work, make you feel fatigued all the time, and generate problems like insomnia, backaches, headaches, and chest pain. True False

False The American Institute of Stress estimates that workplace stress costs the U.S. economy over $300 billion a year in health care, missed work, and stress-reduction treatment. Stress can cause conflicts at work, make you fatigued all the time, and generate problems like insomnia, backaches, headaches, and chest pain.

When a manager is trying to foster innovation, the first thing he or she should do is work to overcome employee resistance. True False

False The first step in fostering innovation is to recognize problems and opportunities, and devise solutions.

In two-tier wage contracts, veteran employees are paid less or receive fewer benefits than new employees. True False

False The pressure of competition abroad and deregulation at home has forced many unions to negotiate two-tier wage contracts, in which new employees are paid less or receive fewer benefits than veteran employees have.

Three types of selection tools, including background information, interviewing, and social media tests, help predict how well the candidate will perform the job and how long he or she will stay. True False

False The selection process screens job applicants to hire the best candidate. Essentially this becomes an exercise in prediction: how well will the candidate perform the job and how long will he or she stay? Three types of selection tools are background information, interviewing, and employment tests.

Two advantages of decentralization are that managers are encouraged to not solve their own problems, but ask for assistance as soon as possible, and decisions are made slower, since they are discussed at a higher level of management. True False

False. An advantage of decentralized authority is that managers are encouraged to solve their own problems rather than to buck the decision to a higher level. In addition, decisions are made more quickly, which increases the organization's flexibility and efficiency.

__________ is a performance review system in which all employees within a business unit are ranked against one another. Forced ranking Normal distribution 360-degree assessment Unit grading Standard curve

Forced ranking

________________ is the purpose of the strategic human resource process. Getting optimal work performance to help realize the company's mission and vision Informing the grand strategy Formulating human resource-sensitive strategic plans Maintaining a stable workforce for minimum expense Finding the human resources needed in a timely fashion

Getting optimal work performance to help realize the company's mission and vision

In the third step of rational decision making (evaluating alternatives and select a solution), you need to evaluate each alternative not only according to cost and quality but also according to the following questions: _____ Is it feasible and profitable? Is it ethical, feasible, and effective? Is it ethical and will it hurt diversity? Is it efficient and how will it affect our marketing strategy? Is it feasible, effective, and efficient?

Is it ethical, feasible, and effective?

Arbitration is the process in which a neutral third party, a mediator, listens to both sides in a dispute, makes suggestions, and encourages them to agree on a solution. True False

Mediation is the process in which a neutral third party, a mediator, listens to both sides in a dispute, makes suggestions, and encourages them to agree on a solution. Arbitration is the process in which a neutral third party, an arbitrator, listens to both parties in a dispute and makes a decision that the parties have agreed will be binding on them.

______ is the personality dimension that describes how intellectual, imaginative, curious, and broad-minded a person is. Inquisitiveness Extroversion Emotional stability Openness to experience Inventiveness

Openness to experience

_____________ is the process of interpreting and understanding one's environment. Self-awareness Self-monitoring Perception Openness to experience Self-management

Perception

____________ is (are) defined as those stable psychological and behavioral attributes that give you your identity. Individual behavior Character Values Personality Attitude

Personality

Which of the following is not a recommended way to manage innovation and change? Give one consistent explanation for the change. Prevent failure at all cost. Look for opportunities in unconventional ways. Have the courage to follow your ideas. Don't stomp on new ideas.

Prevent failure at all cost.

Jason is more apt to take initiative and persevere to influence the environment; he has a(n) ______ personality. proactive reactive agreeable extroverted introverted

Proactive

Dave and his partner are studying the strengths and weaknesses of their construction business, as well as researching the opportunities and threats in the external environment. This process by Dave and his partner is the development of a _____. -SWOT analysis -contingency plan -forecast -strength statement -synergy plan

SWOT analysis

Empathy and organizational intuition are a part of which emotional intelligence (EI) trait? social awareness self-monitoring self-management relationship management self-awareness

Social awareness

To provide direction and momentum, encourage new ideas, and develop a sustainable competitive advantage are reasons why an organization should adopt _____. -an aggressive cost-cutting plan -a diversity policy -a positive synergy agenda -a strong business plan -`strategic management and strategic planning

Strategic management and strategic planning

Developing a comprehensive program for long-term success is the focus of ____. -mission and vision statements -strategic planning -tactical plans -a focused sigma plan -a synergy plan

Strategic planning

Many customers have visited Sally's Diner for decades because of their friendly service. Most customers feel that Sally's is the friendliest placed around. The friendly service at Sally's is an example of a company _____. -strength -weakness -opportunity -threat -vision

Strength

Anthony, the plant manager, was talking with another manager about Tim, the lead engineer in the corporate R & D department. Anthony remarked that "Tim is so bright, and is an expert in designing products. But like so many experts, he can't imagine what it's like to be as ignorant as the rest of us. I think at times, he cannot see things from an outsider's perspective." This is known as _____. an analytics perspective the tunnel vision effect a narrow perspective the curse of knowledge the intellectual fog effect

The curse of knowledge

Compared to internal recruiting which of the following is true of external recruiting? The process is more expensive and takes longer. The pool of talent is more limited. It creates the need for multiple recruitments. The process is cheaper. It encourages greater employee loyalty.

The process is more expensive and takes longer.

A stability strategy is a grand strategy that involves little or no significant organizational change. -True -False

True

A system of shared beliefs and values that develops within an organization and guides the behavior of its members is known as the company's culture or organizational culture. True False

True

According to one study, middle-aged male employees tend to have stable attitudes toward their work, even when they change jobs. True False

True

Belittling the importance of the inconsistent behavior is one way to reduce cognitive dissonance. True False

True

Disruptive innovation is a process by which a product or service takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a market and then relentlessly moves up market, eventually displacing established competitors. True False

True

Donald, the owner of a popular restaurant, is a religious man, and he needs to make a decision on whether he will add beer and wine to his menu, based on the recommendations of his chefs and others. When confronted with a choice when making a decision, he tends to make his decisions based on his beliefs, even if evidence shows those beliefs are wrong. If his beliefs favor not serving alcohol in his café, according to the prior-hypothesis bias he would choose not to add beer and wine to his menu. True False

True

During a management workshop, Tony, the HR manager, spoke about making decisions related to firing an employee. He said "I have several rules of thumb in which I use to make a decision. First, I ask if it's legal and then if it's ethical." He then laid out several other steps he uses in the decision-making process related to firing. Tony's rules of thumb are a strategy that he uses in this decision-making process, also known as heuristics. True False

True

Gestures such as constructive statements about the department, expression of personal interest in the work of others, suggestions for improvement, training of new people, the caring for organizational property, and punctuality and attendance well beyond standard or enforceable levels are examples of organizational citizenship behaviors. True False

True

Hannah, the youngest owner of a family-owned grocery, wants to make sure her company's culture is embedded in their organization. In a recent tradeshow workshop, she learned that she can do this by having company rites and rituals, continuing to tell stories about company legends, and being a role model to her employees. True False

True

If managers are able to increase job satisfaction, employees may show higher levels of commitment, which in turn can elicit higher performance and reduce employee turnover. This is an example of organizational commitment. True False

True

In sexual harassment, the harasser may be a(n) outsider, coworker, supervisor, or someone of the same sex. True False

True

Internal dimensions of diversity are those human differences that exert a powerful, sustained effect throughout every stage of our lives: gender, age, ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, and physical abilities. True False

True

Johnson's Fruit Farm is one of several stores in the county where customers can purchase locally grown fruits and vegetables. However, Mrs. Johnson also offers weekly workshops in her store on topics such as canning, healthy eating, and how to grow a garden, which no other store in the county does. By offering these unique workshops, the Johnsons are engaging in strategic positioning. True False

True

Low self-efficacy is associated with learned helplessness, the debilitating lack of faith in one's ability to control one's environment. True False

True

Managers hoping to foster innovation must gain allies by communicating their vision. True False

True

Radical innovation creates products, services, or technologies that don't exist yet. True False

True

Research shows that most managers have characteristics that fall into two or three decision-making styles, and that decision-making styles vary across occupations, job level, and countries. True False

True

Since internals seem to have a greater belief that their actions have a direct effect on the consequences of that action, internals likely would prefer and respond more productively to incentives such as merit pay or sales commissions. True False

True

So the owners of a computer repair shop can better formulate strategies, they are doing a SWOT analysis to understand the strengths and weaknesses within their company and the opportunities and threats of the external environment. These are some of the benefits of doing a SWOT analysis. True False

True

Strategy implementation is putting strategic plans into effect, which means dealing with roadblocks within the organization's structure and culture and seeing if the right people and control systems are available to execute the plans. True False

True

Sue and Jane Smith are writing the vision for their new consignment shop. Because they want their employees and business to grow and reach goals, like all organization visions, it should be positive and inspiring, pushing their organization and the workers to achieve goals that they believe are not possible. True False

True

The value of Kotter's steps for leading organizational change is that they provide specific recommendations about behaviors that managers need to exhibit to successfully lead organizational change. True False

True

When managers and employees within the same department are brought together in cross-functional teams to solve particular problems, this is a team-based design. True False

True

Innovation happens in a "Eureka!" moment and it can be systematized. True False

Two myths about innovation are that it happens in a "Eureka!" moment and that it can be systematized.

Employers must consider an employment test's ______, whether or not it measures what it purports to measure and is free of bias. consistency reliability central tendency legitimacy validity

Validity

As a manager, when you expect employees to perform badly, they probably will, and when you expect them to perform well, they probably will. This is referred to as _____. stereotyping self-serving bias a self-fulfilling prophecy or the Pygmalion effect employee engagement the recency effect

a self-fulfilling prophecy or the Pygmalion effect

Personal Care Products recently introduced a new acai berry shampoo. Rinn, director of new product development, has just reviewed the dismal results. As it appears that his team adequately researched the product's acceptance by consumers prior to its introduction, he is confused by the outcome. But to keep his team open to innovation, Rinn should __________. step down as director acknowledge the team for their effort fire and replace the team lead as an example to others ignore the product failure demote the team leader

acknowledge the team for their effort

During December at Toys For Tiny Tots, employees know that they are generally required to work different schedules, weekends, and often with overtime to support the holiday shopping season. This is an example of a(n) ______ change. adaptive reactive radically innovative incremental innovative

adaptive

The statement "I really don't like that Ivan got so angry in that meeting" reflects the ______ component of an attitude. cognitive factual value affective behavioral

affective

Since Frank believes that external forces control him, he may do best in a highly structured job that requires greater compliance. This is an example of _________. high self-esteem an external locus of control low self-monitoring low self-esteem high self-efficacy

an external locus of control

People with ______ exhibit less anxiety, greater motivation, and stronger expectations that effort leads to performance. an internal locus of control low self-efficacy an external locus of control high self-efficacy high self-monitoring

an internal locus of control

Dave is a salesperson who takes a long time to make decisions. He loves sales because he responds well to the pressure he faces in the many new or uncertain situations as a salesperson. Like most successful salespeople, he is high in his tolerance for ambiguity. Dave represents a person with a(n) _____ style. ambiguous analytical conceptual behavioral directive

analytical

To help with hiring decisions during peak seasons and holidays, Touching Cards uses time-series forecasts, like sales from last Valentine's Day and Christmas, to predict future sales based on patterns of historical data. This defines ___. analytics diagnosis a trend decision a logical system a seasonal trend

analytics

The Delphi technique is a group process that uses physically dispersed experts who fill out questionnaires to ____. develop a synergy agenda anonymously generate ideas cut costs and increase efficiency form a diversity plan generate sales

anonymously generate ideas

With a modular structure, a firm _____. assembles portions of product provided by outside contractors is an organization whose members are geographically apart, usually working via e-mail is a company outside a company that is created specifically to respond to an exceptional market opportunity consists of a company with many divisions has a central core of key functions and outsources production

assembles portions of product provided by outside contractors

Which of the following is not one of the five steps in the training process? implementation assessment attendance objectives selection

attendance

The rights inherent in a managerial position to make decisions, give orders, and utilize resources are known as ____. power a clan culture authority a hierarchy of power touching

authority

Brad supervises several employees who seem to have low self-efficacy. To improve this, he should do all the following except _____. provide guided experiences role model and mentor them give positive feedback and constructive pointers nurture their self-efficacy avoid rewarding small successes

avoid rewarding small successes

"I'm going to buy a Ford to support the U.S. auto industry" is an example of which component of attitude? cognitive affective value actionable behavioral

behavioral

The question "What was the best idea you ever sold to a supervisor, teacher, peer, or subordinate?" would be used in which type of interview situation? performance test unstructured interview situational interview compatibility test behavioral-description interview

behavioral-description interview

Dora is conducting a performance appraisal for Sue, one of her employees. The company's performance appraisal form asks her to rate Sue's performance on various items like "Submits reports on time with minimal errors" on a scale from 1 to 5. Dora's is using a ______ appraisal system. behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS) MBO 360-degree results trait

behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS)

The process by which a company compares its performance with that of high-performing organizations is known as ___. -trend analysis -a vision plan -benchmarking -a managerial pact -contingency planning

benchmarking

The idea that proposes that the ability of decision makers to be rational is limited by numerous constraints, such as complexity, time, cognitive capacity, values, skills, habits, and unconscious reflexes, is known as _____. nonrational decision making MBO analytics rational decision making bounded rationality

bounded rationality

A technique used to help groups generate multiple ideas and alternatives for solving problems is known as _____. MBO Big Data framing brainstorming groupthink

brainstorming

A consultant with a background in behavioral sciences who can be a catalyst in helping organizations deal with old problems in new ways is known as a _____. development counselor change agent modification expert conversion specialist transformation consultant

change agent

After Mary's Gifts and Cards surveyed its customers, it discovered that its customers preferred the company's competition more than 70% of the time. The most frequently cited reason was customer service. This information will be most helpful to introduce to her employees during which stage of Lewin's change model? unfreezing continuous improvement stabilizing refreezing changing

changing

Employees and customers are treated like a family at Bayou Seafood Café. Paul and Betsey, the owners, work to encourage unity to increase their employees' job satisfaction and commitment. At their café, Paul and Betsey have built a(n) ____. adhocracy culture bureaucracy culture goal-driven agenda market culture clan culture

clan culture

Because people are uncomfortable with inconsistency between their attitudes and behaviors, they will seek to reduce _____. a self-serving bias group behavior causal attribution cognitive dissonance fundamental attribution

cognitive dissonance

Gathering information about your competitors' activities so that you can anticipate their moves and react appropriately is known as ____. -competitive intelligence -scouting -benchmarking -environmental exploration -MBO

competitive intelligence

Which of the following is a typical off-the-job training method? role-playing computer-assisted instruction planned work activities coaching job rotation

computer-assisted instruction

Marie is a small-business owner who loves to take risks. She also enjoys going out and meeting customers and potential clients—the social aspect of her job. Marie relies on intuition and discussions with others to acquire information. As an interior decorator, Marie utilizes her imaginative strengths, taking a broad perspective to problem solving, and she likes to consider many options and future possibilities. Marie represents a person with a(n) _____ style. behavioral ambiguous analytical conceptual directive

conceptual

Organizations using a matrix structure _____. establish a hierarchy in which employees report to only one supervisor centralize authority into a single person contain two command structures, in which some people actually report to two bosses contain multiple overlapping command structures, in which employees report to several managers utilize teams or workgroups with few lines of authority

contain two command structures, in which some people actually report to two bosses

Mountain Rescue Incorporated sells emergency safety and rescue products to ski patrols and rescue workers at prices that are below those of its competitors, who offer a larger line of products and focus on broader markets. Mountain Rescue Incorporated is pursuing a ____ strategy. -narrow -cost-leadership -focused-differentiation -cost-focus -differentiation

cost-focus

When organizations endeavor to keep their costs, and hence prices, of their products or services below those of competitors and to target a wide market this is a _____ strategy. -differentiation -focused-differentiation -cost-leadership -cost-focus -reinventing

cost-leadership

Symbols, stories, heroes, and rites and rituals are ways in which ____ is(are) most often transmitted to employees. culture goals ethics plans objectives

culture

The second step in the strategic-management process is to look at where the organization stands and see what is working and what could be different to maximize efficiency and effectiveness in achieving the organization's mission. This step is the process of completing a(n) _____. -organizational vision statement -current reality assessment -ethical and diversity evaluation -company synergy assessment -grand strategy

current reality assessment

In which of the following situations would OD techniques be the most helpful? helping employees from two similar organizations work better together in a strategic alliance facilitating discussion of ethical issues in preparing a company's code of ethics working with the CEO to determine how to increase profitability increasing efficiency among employees in a firm dealing with employee stress that comes from changing behaviors or from adapting to mergers

dealing with employee stress that comes from changing behaviors or from adapting to mergers

Artem, the president of Instructor Services, told one of his new hires that "Managers are encouraged to solve their own problems rather than to buck the decision to a higher level, and decisions are made more quickly, which increases our organization's flexibility and efficiency." These advantages that Artem spoke of are attributed to ____. management responsibility centralized authority decentralized authority work specialization management accountability

decentralized authority

Important decisions are made by middle-level and supervisory-level managers with ____. centralized authority decentralized authority focused power higher-management influence upper authority

decentralized authority

A choice made from among available alternatives is a ____. value statement plan goal decision consensus

decision

The prospect theory suggests that ____. decision makers are influenced by the way a situation or problem is framed decision makers find the notion of an actual loss more painful than giving up the possibility of a gain decision makers have too much confidence in their own abilities decision makers can't abandon an idea that costs too much money decision makers tend to make judgments based on an initial impression

decision makers are influenced by the way a situation or problem is framed

A computer-based information system that provides a flexible tool for analysis and helps managers focus on the future is known as a(n) _____. collaborative IT system group-web decision support system IT synergy web flexible computing system

decision support system

A graph of decisions and their possible consequences is a ______. corporate hierarchy decision-result assessment decision structure resolution graph decision tree

decision tree

The combination of how an individual perceives and responds to information is a reflection of their ____. decision-making style observation guide ambiguity index big data perception perception scale

decision-making style

Ace Manufacturing has high turnover continually due to issues with the corporate office. Paul, the plant manager, is frustrated and cannot find a solution to stop it. At first he offered raises to many of the good employees who were leaving, but after a while, Paul started blaming those who were leaving, saying, "they are poor-quality employees and they are to blame for leaving." Paul is engaged in ____. relaxed change delayed change panic defensive avoidance blind avoidance

defensive avoidance

So-called Millennials (those born after 1980) are vastly different from their parents in their views on everything from technology to politics to marriage to tattoos. This is an example of a ______ force for change. financial political social demographic structural

demographic

The increasing diversity of the American workforce is an example of a(n) ______ force for change. economic social and political market political demographic

demographic

Alex is the R&D manager with Digital Copier. The company is having a problem with one of its most popular copiers jamming. The vice president of marketing told Alex that "we need to quickly discover how to make this a desirable situation. You need to determine the underlying cause of the problem and perhaps even make improvements to the copier." This is an example of ____. analytics MBO feasibility diagnosis synergy

diagnosis

As an OD consultant, Sharon is designing a survey of employee attitudes to be given to workers at SW Emergency Clinic. By collecting this information, Sharon is conducting the ______ stage of OD. evaluation unfreezing intervention diagnosis refreezing

diagnosis

The organizational development (OD) process has three steps: ____, ____, and ____. evaluation, data collection, and diagnosis management, revitalization, and adaptation diagnosis, intervention, and evaluation management, diagnosis, and implementation intervention, implementation, and execution

diagnosis, intervention, and evaluation

Organic Market sells high-quality products and grocery items that are unique to their area; in addition it offers delivery for customers who are unable to leave their home and a number of regular workshops regarding eating healthy. By offering these types of products and services, Organic Market is pursuing a _____ strategy. -differentiation -cost-savings -cost-focus -value-focused -focused-differentiation

differentiation

According to Harvard Business School professor Michael Porter, strategic positioning means _____ to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. -distinctive positioning -collaborative planning -strategic alliances -aggressive growth -retrenchment

distinctive positioning

The arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people is known as a(n) ____. employee structure organization chart contingency approach common purpose division of labor

division of labor

Greg, the CEO of Organic Market, wants managers and employees to instruct each other about the organization's chosen values and beliefs. Greg has encouraged the seasoned employees to retell stories about the company legends, and he plans on bringing back the monthly rewards. Greg is endeavouring to ____. add heroes embed company culture use a diversity plan establish a value system embed industry culture

embed company culture

Which of the following is not a principal reason why an employee may be transferred? to broaden employee experience. employee's skills are needed in another part of the organization. employee has personal differences with their present boss. to retain employee interest and motivation by presenting a new challenge. employee is suspected of illegal behavior.

employee is suspected of illegal behavior.

Thomas, a sales associate in the furniture department, reports to Betsey, the furniture department manager. This morning, Betsey asked Thomas to change the price tags on the desk chairs. While working on this task, David, the computer department manager, told Thomas that he wanted him to unload some computers. Thomas is confused about what to do because under the principle of unity of command, _____. Thomas needs to decide which manager has more power employees should report to one manager employees can report to two managers, so Thomas needs to decide whom to listen to Thomas will need to determine how he can multitask Thomas can refuse to do both tasks

employees should report to one manager

During Lewin's refreezing stage, managers should __________. provide benchmarking results make employees dissatisfied with the present way of doing things reduce the barriers to change give employees the tools for change encourage and reinforce the desired change in the employees

encourage and reinforce the desired change in the employees

Regarding the results of a SWOT analysis, organizational opportunities are ____. -problems that a specific industry needs to correct -skills and capabilities that give an industry advantages in executing its strategies -MBO skills and opportunities that should be emphasized -environmental factors that the organization may exploit for a competitive advantage -weaknesses within the organizational hierarchy

environmental factors that the organization may exploit for a competitive advantage

Sue keeps a close eye on her company's internal and external environment to discover possible opportunities for new products and threats from competition, as soon as possible. This is an example of ____. -competitive intelligence -the observation approach -management by observation -corporate spying -environmental scanning

environmental scanning

In order, the steps of the strategic-management process are _____. -establish the mission and vision; assess the current reality; formulate the grand strategy; implement the strategy; maintain strategic control -establish the mission and vision; assess the current reality; conduct a trend analysis; maintain the feedback loop -establish the mission; maintain strategic control; formulate the grand strategy; implement the strategy -determine the strategy; carry out the strategic plans -establish the vision; develop a mission statement; formulate the grand strategy; implement the strategy; maintain the feedback loop

establish the mission and vision; assess the current reality; formulate the grand strategy; implement the strategy; maintain strategic control

Pat, the human resources manager, has significant experience handling ethical issues in the workplace. Over the years he has received extensive training in matters of workplace ethics, and with a legal background, the management of his company rely on Pat to assist them with legal issues, especially with ethical dilemmas. Pat is a good example of a(n) _____. whistle-blower oversight specialist ethics officer proprietary officer ombudsman officer

ethics officer

Scott has a bachelor's degree in ethics and human resources, and has extensive experience working with employees and managers regarding ethics, especially in the area of ethical dilemmas. With his background of dealing with legal issues, he has assisted extensively in determining if decisions are both ethical and lawful. With Scott's background, he is a top candidate for the company's new _____. ethical dilemma watchdog decision tree manager values specialist board of directors position ethics officer

ethics officer

A year after she assisted them in making changes to an employee incentive plan, Kara, an OD consultant, is visiting Thomas Engineering to determine if the changes were helpful. Kara will compare sales and turnover data from the last three years to the current year. Kara is in the ______ stage of OD. evaluation intervention refreezing adaptation diagnosis

evaluation

Olivia, the owner of a small city newspaper, started her business two years ago, believing that there was still enough demand for her product. However, because people are busy and with the availability of news online, she has seen the demand for her paper drop steadily. Olivia made a decision to change the original direction of the company and focus more on an Internet news service. By demonstrating that managers need to think and act as if their company is an unfinished prototype, won't be ruined by new ideas and focusing on facts, Olivia is relying on _____. the knee-jerk reaction theory intuition evidence-based decision making a knowledge dilemma a decision tree

evidence-based decision making

Espoused values are _____. physical manifestations of organizational culture profit and cost expectations stated in the business plan a narrative based on true events, which emphasize a particular value the values and norms actually exhibited in the community explicitly stated values and norms preferred by an organization

explicitly stated values and norms preferred by an organization

Espoused values are _____. profit and cost expectations stated in the business plan a narrative based on true events, which emphasize a particular value physical manifestations of its core beliefs explicitly stated values and norms preferred by an organization the values and norms actually exhibited in the community

explicitly stated values and norms preferred by an organization

Julie really enjoys mingling at work functions, both to network for new contacts and simply to share stories with other interesting people. Julie probably scores high in _____. conscientiousness extroversion openness to experience emotional stability agreeableness

extroversion

Employees resist change for all the following reasons except _____. individuals' low predisposition toward change fear of the unknown or failure peer pressure disruption of group relationships faith in change agent's intentions

faith in change agent's intentions

Productivity expert Odette Pollar proposed that "To accomplish more in a day, you must do more and do everything faster." True False

false Oakland, California, productivity expert Odette Pollar proposed that "To do more in a day, you must do less—not do everything faster."

Which of the following is not one of the soft skills employers often find lacking in many Millennial applicants? ability to communicate manners professional appearance familiarity with social media punctuality

familiarity with social media

Strategic position emerges from three sources: ____. -low-profit margin, many customers; no needs, many customers; broad needs, few customers -high-profit margin, few customers; few needs, many customers; broad needs, few customers -high profits, many customers; low profits, few customers; broad needs, many customers -few needs, many customers; broad needs, few customers; broad needs, many customers -no needs, many customers; broad needs, few customers; broad needs, many customers

few needs, many customers; broad needs, few customers; broad needs, many customers

Strategic position emerges from three sources: _____. -low-cost products; huge market needs; unique products -few needs, many customers; broad needs, few customers; broad needs, many customers -many needs, few customers; little need, many customers; narrow needs, few customers -poor products available; few products available; no products available -bad economy; strong economy; stable economy

few needs, many customers; broad needs, few customers; broad needs, many customers

The three types of dismissals are layoffs, downsizings, and __________. transfers resourcings firings closings outsourcings

firings

Cody was surprised to learn that not everyone would receive a bonus this year. Instead, management planned to rank all of the employees in his division and award bonuses only to the top 20%. This is an example of a(n) ______ performance review system. unit grading standard curve functional positioning normal distribution forced ranking

forced ranking

A projection for the future is a _____. -benchmark -final analysis -past correction -forecast -trend

forecast

Sometimes culture can be strong enough to take the place of an organization's ____. business plan code of ethics mission statement performance standards formal rules and regulations

formal rules and regulations

During Lewin's changing stage, managers should __________. reduce the barriers to change encourage employees to exhibit the new change give employees new information, perspectives, and models for behavior make employees dissatisfied with the present situation reinforce the desired change

give employees new information, perspectives, and models for behavior

Having a greater pool of knowledge, gaining different perspectives, gaining intellectual stimulation, having a better understanding of decision rationale, and having a deeper commitment to the decision are advantages of ____. a quicker decision group decision making more flexibility in the final decision less thought required deeper commitment to the decision

group decision making

Regarding decision making, research has found that ____. neither individuals acting alone nor groups make better-quality decisions groups tend to be less productive than the best individuals working on projects group decisions seldom are of the quality of individual decisions groups make better decisions than most individuals acting alone individuals acting alone make better decisions than groups

groups make better decisions than most individuals acting alone

As owner and senior accountant at a tax preparation firm, Mark is changing the work schedule of all employees, including managers and accountants, for the months of March and April, the company's busiest time. He is requiring work on weekends for everyone, using the same basic schedule as last two years. Mark should expect that his employees will be __________. moderately upset and complain hardly upset or not upset at all moderately upset but not willing to quit terribly upset but not quit terribly upset and quit

hardly upset or not upset at all

Debbie likes working in the banking industry because there is a lot of structure and certainty, and the daily work is routine. Debbie probably _____. thrives on ambiguity has a low tolerance for ambiguity is in the middle ambiguity range has a high tolerance for ambiguity has a large need for ambiguity

has a low tolerance of ambiguity

Salvador, who works as a waiter in a top restaurant in Manhattan, likes the fast pace of his work and the fact that things are always changing there. Salvador can be said to _____. have a high task orientation have a large need for structure have a high tolerance for ambiguity rank high on the stress index have a low tolerance for ambiguity

have a high tolerance for ambiguity

IKEA employees are expected to work hard, inspired by an anecdote from their Swedish founder, Invar Kamprad, in which he told how he was berated by his father for failing repeatedly to get out of bed to milk the cows on his family's farm. Then one day he got an alarm clock. "'Now by jiminy, I'm going to start a new life,' he determined, setting the alarm for twenty to six and removing the 'off button.'" Invar Kamprad is an example of a ____. key employee hero urban legend fable trend

hero

Jose, the sales manager, is working on the problem of increasing sales by using the rational model of decision making. In the first step he identified the problem of his employees needing more training. In the second step he thought of alternative solutions; and in step three he evaluated alternatives and selected a solution. In the fourth step, Jose needs to _____. set up a diversity and synergy training plan to increase the chances of success do more research to look at types of training determine how costly the solution will be implement and evaluate the training program chosen select a contingency plan

implement and evaluate the training program chosen

Which of the following is not one of the primary uses of OD? adapting to an acquisition managing conflict adapting to a merger improving recruitment revitalizing an organization

improving recruitment

Which of the following is not a supertrend shaping the future of business? faster speed-to-market traditional companies struggling with radically innovative change more niche products offshore suppliers affecting U.S. business information becoming a competitive advantage

information becoming a competitive advantage

The scientists, nurses, and doctors who work for Medical Technology, an organization that researches the cure for several diseases, work together for a common goal of ending these illnesses. This is an example of ____. integration diversity autocratic structure contingency design differentiation

integration

Employees with a(n) ______ locus of control will probably resist close managerial supervision and should probably be placed in jobs requiring high initiative and lower compliance. high internal low absent external

internal

If you have a(n) ____________, you believe you control your own destiny. low level of self-efficacy high level of learned helplessness tolerance for ambiguity external locus of control internal locus of control

internal locus of control

Which of the following is not one of the four steps for fostering innovation? effectively managing people, groups, and organizational processes and systems in the pursuit of innovation gain allies by communicating your vision recognize problems and opportunities and devise solutions issue a mandate: change or leave empower employees and reward them to achieve progress

issue a mandate: change or leave

As an employee's age increases, his or her _____. work motivation decreases organizational commitment decreases job involvement decreases absenteeism increases job satisfaction increases

job satisfaction increases

A person's overall satisfaction with work depends on how he or she feels about several components. Which of the following is not such a component? promotions supervision coworkers life outside of work pay

life outside of work

Carol really doesn't like her new boss and is not happy with the new tasks she's been assigned and the long hours she's been working. Still, she truly believes in what the company is trying to accomplish. Carol has _____. low organizational commitment poor job performance low job involvement low job satisfaction poor job enrichment

low job satisfaction

Peter, the owner of Happy Burger, is involved in the company's daily decisions and has established procedures for every task. The company rules are clearly specified in the handbook, and Peter also believes in close supervision of all employees. Happy Burger is a(n) _______ organization. mechanistic non-hierarchical organic decentralized informal

mechanistic

A 2013 survey found that among managers, the use of _____ is popular. -a synergy agenda -TQM -mission and vision statements -organizational diversity -an autocratic discipline program

mission and vision statements

Fred, who is starting a painting business, was advised by a friend, a successful business owner, to write down the purpose of his painting business and why he believes his company will exist. Fred was writing his ____. -mission statement -code of ethics -vision statement -ownership belief statement -proprietorship pact

mission statement

Who are our customers? What are our major products or services? In what geographic areas do we compete? These are all questions that are answered in a good _____. -mission statement -management belief statement -value pact -code of ethics -vision statement

mission statement

The more subunits into which an organization breaks down, the _____. lower the productivity more unified it becomes more highly differentiated it becomes less differentiated it becomes higher the costs

more highly differentiated it becomes

Which of the following is not part of the strategic human resource management process? orient, train and develop negotiate employment contract plan human resources needed establish grand strategy recruit and select people

negotiate employment contract

A manager must ensure fairness and __________ in considering a promotion of an employee. openness profitability nondiscrimination safety permanence

nondiscrimination

Ann is a teacher who became interested in helping adults in some of the poorer neighborhoods learn how to read. She plans to start a reading center in a low income area to help residents with reading skills at no cost. Ann's center is an example of a(n) _____. association nonprofit organization coop union for-profit organization

nonprofit organization

Organizations that are formed to offer services to clients and not make a profit are ____, and those organizations that are formed to make money, or profits, by offering products or services are _____. unions; associations nonprofit organizations; for-profit organizations nonprofit organizations; associations co-ops; for-profit organizations for-profit organizations; nonprofit organizations

nonprofit organizations; for-profit organizations

The company dress code and award ceremonies are part of its ____. ethical codes organization benefits core values observable artifacts mission statement

observable artifacts

Manner of dress, awards, myths and stories told about the company, and rituals and ceremonies are ____. basic assumptions about organizational culture enacted values of organizational culture observable artifacts of organizational culture espoused values of organizational culture invisible artifacts of that industry's culture and values

observable artifacts of organizational culture

Computer-assisted instruction is usually a form of _____. off-the-job training orientation managerial development on-the-job training management selection

off-the-job training

Phone Tech, a global phone company, frequently needs to respond quickly to the fast-changing consumer tastes with its phones. Therefore, management has fewer rules and procedures than most organizations, and networks of employees are encouraged to cooperate and respond quickly to unexpected tasks and changes in technology. Phone Tech is utilizing a(n) ____ structure. hierarchical organic inflexible mechanistic inelastic

organic

Melissa impressed her boss by making lots of suggestions for department improvements and by putting in many weekend hours to do extra tasks to develop the new procedures. Melissa is exhibiting _____. self-efficacy onboarding traits organizational citizenship behaviors the halo effect counterproductive work behaviors

organizational citizenship behaviors

Jean-Paul, the store manager, was speaking with Patty, his new assistant manager, about the store's system of job relationships and whom she will report to and who will report to her. He said, "This structure is one of the things that motivates our workers to work together to achieve our company's goals." Jean-Paul was telling Patty about the store's _____. organizational culture analytics code of ethics organizational structure diversity plan

organizational structure

In the BCG matrix, stars are _____. -highly overvalued, so are not wise purchases -risky new ventures -companies with slow growth and high market share -beyond reach, due to their high purchase price and profits -organizations with high growth and high market share which are definite keepers

organizations with high growth and high market share which are definite keepers

Salaried executive, administrative, and professional employees are exempt from ______ rules. OSHA EEO ADA overtime Fair Labor Standards Act

overtime

When a manager is so frantic to get rid of the problem that he or she can't deal with the situation realistically, this is known as ____. defensive avoidance panic avoidance management a fog reaction life avoidance

panic

The continuous cycle of improving job performance through goal setting, feedback and coaching, and rewards and positive reinforcement is known as ______. performance management performance appraisal workforce evaluation employee development training

performance management

When Jackie interviewed for a position as a computer programmer, she was asked to take a test on a particular programming language. This is an example of a(n) __________. capability test personality test performance test aptitude test ability test

performance test

A data-mining technique used to predict future behavior and anticipate the consequences of change is known as ___. predictive modeling GIGO decisions by trends the decision tree data digging

predictive modeling

Walmart's implementation of RFID, a type of technology that allows it to improve inventory tracking, is an example of a(n) ______ change. responsive proactive incremental cultural reactive

proactive

Difficulties that inhibit the achievement of goals are known as _____. values synergies problems objectives alternatives

problems

A(n) ______ innovation is a change in the way a product or service is conceived, manufactured, or disseminated. adaptive process product transformational procedural

process

In defensive avoidance, when a manager can't find a good solution, the manager follows with ____. frantically getting rid of the problem finding the most cost-effective solution doing nothing procrastination, passing the buck, or denying the risk of any negative consequences taking the easiest way out

procrastination, passing the buck, or denying the risk of any negative consequences

Researchers working on hydrogen fuel cells hope that this could be a(n) ______ innovation, leading to a clean, renewable energy source, and reducing dependence on depleting fossil fuels with their adverse impact on the global environment. disruptive incremental radical process product

radical

Jim was recently promoted to the position of dining room supervisor, and he is now responsible for making decisions on numerous matters in the dining room and giving orders to the serving staff. At the same time, Jim has the obligation to perform the many new tasks assigned to him as a supervisor, such as overseeing the closing work and cleaning the dining room. Jim's new obligations are known as his _____. power authority hierarchy responsibility beliefs

responsibility

Paula, the controller of Tasty Pizza, is purchasing several new delivery vehicles. Paula has numerous work responsibilities, so she has limited time to shop for cars. Because of the time constraints, she cannot make an extensive search for the best alternative but instead needs to look for cars until she finds one that is satisfactory. Paula is following the _____ model. limited scope satisficing rational limited focus dilemma

satisficing

Contingency planning is also known as _____. -organizational opportunities -scenario goal-setting and plans -scenario planning and scenario analysis -a trend analysis -strategic planning

scenario planning and scenario analysis

Applications, résumés, interviews, and employment tests are known as ______ tools. investigation performance recruitment selection sorting

selection

When much of her work was automated with a new computerized system, Brittany became unsure of her ability to do her job. Sara, her boss, has been mentoring her to improve her __________. agreeableness internal locus of control conscientiousness learned helplessness self-efficacy

self-efficacy

One report reads that big companies, such as Amazon, Google, or Apple, "are no longer content simply to enhance part of your life. The new strategy is to build a device, sell it to consumers, and then ____." -sell them the maintenance agreements for their devices -focus on selling more items and devices to their friends and families -send customers to partner retailers to supply content -find service companies to assist customers if needed -sell them the content to play on their device

sell them the content to play on their device

Alana, the children's department manager at Shoe Mart, has eight employees in her department, and all of them report directly to her. The eight employees who report directly to Alana are her _____. span of direction hierarchy of authority area of responsibility span of control management depth

span of control

Philip, a shift manager in a factory, has 40 employees on his shift that he directly supervises. The 40 workers who report directly to Philip represent his _____. span of direction span of control division of labor unity of command hierarchy of authority

span of control

A hierarchy culture has an internal focus and most values ____. flexibility external stakeholders risk-taking community standards stability and control

stability and control

Rashid, the CEO of Top Productions, was telling his new vice president of accounting that "In the past I had resistance to new ideas by people who felt that one of our plans threatens their influence or jobs. So when you tell your collections department that we just hired a collection agency to handle bad debt, you may have to sell your collections manager and his supervisors on using the agency and that nobody is going to be laid off." Selling middle and supervisory managers on changes to overcome their resistance is often a necessary part of _____. -strategic control -strategy formulation -reality assessment -strategy implementation -operational control

strategy implementation

Doug is the CEO of Johnson Motors, a business consisting of Chevrolet, Buick, Cadillac, and Mercedes-Benz dealerships. He also sells Fleetwood and American Coach RVs. Doug mentioned to his sales manager that "there is economic value in having many related businesses managed by one ownership group. They are worth more than if they are separate companies." This is an example of ____. -diversification -diversity -synergy -differentiation -multiproduct

synergy

Social media (LinkedIn, Facebook), used by 98% of recruiters, make finding employees more efficient. This is an example of a(n) __________ advancement or force. inside social or political market technological demographic

technological

The invention of a machine to make plastic corks for wine bottles has severely affected companies that produce traditional cork. This is an example of a(n) ______ advancement. social and political demographical market technological economic

technological

A self-fulfilling prophecy is also known as __________. selective perception the Pygmalion effect learned helplessness burnout causal attribution

the Pygmalion effect

Rites and rituals are ____. company values included in the code of ethics company expectations for employees, such as working hard, ethically, and honestly a narrative based on true events that emphasize a particular value the activities and ceremonies that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments for an organization objects, acts, or the quality that conveys meaning to others

the activities and ceremonies that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments for an organization

Resistance to organizational change is considered to be the interaction of three causes. These causes can be generally described as employee characteristics, change agent characteristics, and _____. employee longevity technology life cycles organizational size the change agent-employee relationship community characteristics

the change agent-employee relationship

In the Internet Age, retailers like Amazon and Apple are not constrained by physical shelf space and can offer consumers a much wider variety of products; yet small sales, one or two rather than millions of items at a time, can produce big profits. This is an example of __________. China becoming the second-largest economic power declining population in developed countries instant-gratification shopping the marketplace becoming more segmented and moving toward more niche products the rise of business-to-business technology

the marketplace becoming more segmented and moving toward more niche products

The tendency to remember recent information better than earlier information is called _____. selective perception the recency effect stereotyping self-serving bias fundamental attribution bias

the recency effect

The chain of command is also known as _____. an analytics tool the vertical hierarchy the movement chart the horizontal specialization: the organizational picture

the vertical hierarchy

The owners of Smith's Yard Mart, a family-owned garden center in a rural community, is concerned over the news that a large retailer with a garden center is building a new store on the other side of town. This new retailer is a(n) ____ for Smith's. -strength -threat -weakness -opportunity -intelligence

threat

Michael Porter proposed that business-level strategies originate with the primary competitive forces in the firm's environment; these forces are _____. -bargaining power of suppliers -threats of new entrants and bargaining power of buyers and suppliers -threats of substitute products and services and competitive rivalries -threats of new entrants and substitute products or services, bargaining power of suppliers and buyers, and competitive rivalries -threats of government paperwork and tax increases, bargaining power of suppliers, and competitive rivalries

threats of new entrants and substitute products or services, bargaining power of suppliers and buyers, and competitive rivalries

"What shall we do about the problem?" is the question that would most likely be asked during the ______ stage of OD. changing feedback treatment or intervention diagnosis evaluation

treatment or intervention

The basic assumption that the picture of the present can be projected into the future is the basis of a _____. -business plan -trend goal -managerial pact -trend analysis -vision statement

trend analysis

If you start a new job and find the description and criteria for promotion to be vague, role ambiguity has occurred. True False

true

Technology Specialists is an organization specializing in highly specialized technology software, but they found that their original business idea is not working. Rather than failing as a company, they chose a new direction and rewrote their business plan. Technology Specialists is an example of how managers need to think and act as if their organization is an unfinished prototype that won't be ruined by dangerous new ideas or it is impossible to change. True False

true

The purpose of the strategic human resource management process is to get optimal work performance to help realize the company's mission and vision. True False

true

Using 360-degree feedback appraisals to trigger pay and personnel decisions puts ______ at risk. training trust change development performance

trust

To explain how to initiate, manage, and stabilize planned change, Kurt Lewin developed a model with three stages. They were _______. eliminate barriers, gain allies, and execute change refreeze, freeze, and unfreeze unfreeze, change, and refreeze freeze, thaw, and refreeze devise solutions, establish urgency, and produce change

unfreeze, change, and refreeze

In the ______ stage of Kurt Lewin's change model, managers try to instill in employees the motivation to change, encouraging them to let go of behaviors that are resistant to innovation. freezing unfreezing modeling diagnosing refreezing

unfreezing

Studies exploring nurses' perceptions about using PDAs in their daily patient practice found initial resistance, with some nurses concerned about the cost and short technological life cycle of these devices. This is an example of the __________ stage of change. freezing thawing change refreezing unfreezing

unfreezing

Which of the following dimensions is an example of an organizational dimension on the diversity wheel? union affiliation income work experience physical abilities educational background

union affiliation

When the two newly hired analysts compared notes, they found that their interviews had been quite different. Each was long and involved, but the content of the questions varied based on previous employment and education. They confirmed that this company used a(n) ______ interview. behavioral-description unstructured standardized situational structured

unstructured

Compensation, recognition, and status are common ______ in the workplace. structures perceptions attitudes norms values

values

Which of the following training and development methods is most appropriate when people just need to learn facts such as work rules or legal matters? videotapes, workbooks, and lectures role-plays coaching discussion case studies

videotapes, workbooks, and lectures

Sally, Greg, John, and Amar are working on a project for a customer that is aimed at cutting the client's electrical costs. The four members are located throughout the Midwest, and they are utilizing the phone, e-mail, and collaborative computing to complete this project. This is an example of a _____. geographic team modular group cross-focus group matrix team virtual organization

virtual organization