MGMT 340 Final Study Guide

6) Charlie Woods started working for E-Z Freeze, a major frozen food company, as a college intern. Most recently, Charlie had held the position of VP Marketing. Now however, as a result of a change in corporate leadership, Charlie finds himself unemployed for the first time in decades. Looking for a new job has been an eye-opening experience for Charlie. He has been especially frustrated with his lack of success in getting even a call back for the applications he has completed online. Which of the following best describes why Charlie may not be getting the initial feedback he thinks he should be receiving? A) His online applications don't have the right keywords. B) His background checks have been negative. C) He is unwilling to relocate. D) He lacks cross-company experience. E) He lacks cultural diversity.

A) His online applications don't have the right keywords.

16) What is the relationship between tenure and conflict? A) Inverse B) Direct C) No relationship D) Tangential E) Curvilinear

A) Inverse

8) Which of the following statements is true about research on power and leadership? A) Leadership research often emphasizes style. B) Leadership focuses more on the downward influence on followers. C) Leadership minimizes the importance of lateral relationships. D) Leadership minimizes the importance of upward relationships. E) Power requires some congruence between the goals of the leader and those being led.

A) Leadership research often emphasizes style.

96) When both parties are open to resolving their conflict, and the conflict intensity is not too high, which of the following is the most appropriate third party to use? A) Mediator B) Arbitrator C) Conciliator D) Both mediator and arbitrator E) Both mediator and conciliator

A) Mediator

43) The process of socialization consists of three stages. Which of the following is the first stage? A) Pre-arrival B) Encounter C) Evaluation D) Post-arrival E) Metamorphosis

A) Pre-arrival

86) ________ is one individual-difference variable that consistently seems to relate to negotiation outcomes. A) Self-efficacy B) Introversion C) Narcissism D) Cognitive dissonance E) Diffidence

A) Self-efficacy

27) Nunya is a computer software company that employs highly intelligent, but somewhat unusual people. Every Friday, free lollipops, toys, or other treats are given out to encourage employees to remember how creative they were when they were children. All the new members of the organization are told about the founders who were three young people who "got lucky" and sold a video game that they invented. The employees are allowed to dress informally and can set their own working hours. Informing employees about the founders is an example of which technique for transmitting culture? A) Stories B) Material symbols C) Language D) Rituals E) Corporate chants

A) Stories

61) Which of the following, if true, will weaken the company's decision? A) The majority of the company's employees have only a basic level of education. B) The company recently instituted a technical skills improvement program for shop floor employees. C) The existing shop floor employees have high potential and personal ambition to rise in their careers. D) Sirius Corp. just opened a new manufacturing facility in New Mexico. E) Several top performing entry level employees have received offers from rival companies

A) The majority of the company's employees have only a basic level of education

2) At the Omega Corporation, a global virtual team engaged in product development had two people who continuously fought for control of the team. This distracted the team members from focusing on the task at hand. The conflict in the team is called ________ conflict. A) dysfunctional B) functional C) promotional D) contingent E) rational

A) dysfunctional

54) You describe to your students a new committee within the university that brings together specialists from all different departments to develop a new interdisciplinary program. The structure of the committee best meets the definition of the ________. A) matrix structure B) simple structure C) team organization D) virtual organization E) bureaucracy

A) matrix structure

90) Marilyn is the department head for a large call center and is responsible for conducting quarterly performance evaluations on her employees. While a good portion of the evaluation is based on areas such as friendliness, punctuality, and customer ratings, roughly half of the appraisal is based on call volume and the conversion of callers to customers. An employee's evaluations are used to determine quarterly raises. Algemar and Nick both work for Marilyn.Marilyn feels that she is a mentor for Nick while she feels that she simply inherited Algemar from another department; thus, Marilyn sometimes strikes from Nick's call records customers who are extremely difficult or perhaps too set against buying the product. For the last quarter,Marilyn awarded Nick a raise while she did not award one to Algemar. Nick's accepting the raise based on his performance evaluation could best be described as ________. A) politicking B) unethical politicking C) identity management D) both politicking and identity management E) both unethical politicking and identity management

A) politicking

14) At the organizational level, if Carla can give Chang a favorable sales territory, Carla has ________ power over Chang. A) reward B) legitimate C) coercive D) expert E) referent

A) reward OR B) legitimate

28) Miguel is new at JPS Corp., but after a week he already knows that the founder of the corporation started the business in his garage with only $4,000 and one client. This information was most likely transmitted to Miguel by way of ________. A) stories B) material symbols C) rituals D) language E) corporate chants

A) stories

23) Scarlett has received authorization to add an assistant manager to her department. This person will be working closely with Scarlett and must have excellent interpersonal as well as technical skills. Scarlett wants to make certain that she maximizes the chance of choosing the correct individual and is trying to decide on the most appropriate selection device.In order to assess the management skills of the applicants and managerial potential, Scarlet should ________. A) use an assessment center B) verify the applicants' job histories C) conduct a medical test D) conduct a drug test E) conduct a behavioral assessment test

A) use an assessment center

18) What key question does departmentalization address? A) "Do individuals from different areas need to regularly interact?" B) "On what basis will jobs be grouped together?" C) "Where does decision-making authority lie?" D) "How many individuals can a manager efficiently and effectively direct?" E) "To what degree are activities subdivided into separate jobs?"

B) "On what basis will jobs be grouped together?"

85) Which of the following is an example of a defensive impression management technique? A) Flattery B) Apologies C) Exemplification D) Enhancement E) Self-promotion

B) Apologies

5) ________ are most likely to be used for preliminary "rough cuts" to decide whether an applicant meets the basic qualifications for a job. A) Drug tests B) Application forms C) HR interviews D) Written tests E) Technical interviews

B) Application forms

56) Which of the following influence tactics is more effective when the audience is highly interested in the outcomes of a decision process? A) Ingratiation B) Consultation C) Personal appeals D) Exchange E) Pressure

B) Consultation

20) The senior management at the Randolph Group is concerned because the company takes so long to bring new products to the market. Which of the following approaches would you identify as the most likely solution to resolve this problem? A) Reducing the use of cross-functional work teams B) Decentralization of the decision-making process C) Decreased work specialization D) Increased formalization of policies and procedures E) Reduced diversity within the company's work force

B) Decentralization of the decision-making process

66) ________ develops over time as the shared concept of right and wrong behavior in the workplace. A) Organizational climate B) Ethical culture C) Institutionalization D) Organizational identity E) Citizenship identity

B) Ethical culture

83) Which of the following does not help build a positive organizational culture? A) Building on employees strengths B) Focusing on punishment C) Encouraging vitality D) Rewarding employees E) Encouraging growth

B) Focusing on punishment

61) Which of the following statements is true regarding the functions of culture in anorganization? A) It hinders the generation of commitment to something larger than individual self-interest. B) It conveys a sense of identity for organization members. C) It reduces the stability of the social system. D) It reduces distinctions between one organization and others. E) It does not affect employees' attitudes and behavior.

B) It conveys a sense of identity for organization members.

28) Which of the following outcomes is not a dysfunctional consequence of conflict? A) Dissolution of common ties B) Reassessment of group goals C) Destruction of the group D) Poor communication E) Reduced group cohesiveness

B) Reassessment of group goals

9) You are a marketing director for a large food manufacturer. Lately, you have noticed that you are spending a great deal more time at work, sometimes 14 hours a day, because your best friend, who is head of product development, continues to ask you to serve on taste test panels for new products. Which type(s) of conflict are you experiencing? A) Task B) Relationship C) Process D) Both task and relationship E) Task, relationship, and process

B) Relationship

92) ________ in a negotiation process opens the door to many forms of integrative negotiation strategies that benefit both parties. A) Knowledge B) Trust C) Communication skills D) Secret information E) Alliances

B) Trust

12) The right inherent in a managerial position to give orders and expect orders to be obeyed is termed ________. A) chain of command B) authority C) span of control D) unity of command E) leadership

B) authority

27) Ming feels that her cubicle neighbor talks loudly on the phone, but in other ways she is a great neighbor. Ming gets annoyed every time her neighbor's phone rings, but she has decided it's simply not worth the trouble to talk to her neighbor. Ming's conflict-handling intention is called________. A) competing B) avoiding C) accommodating D) compromising E) collaborating

B) avoiding

22) Many organizations have started to use situational judgment tests ________. A) because past behavior is the best predictor of future behavior B) because technical knowledge and skills are the best predictor of job performance C) after finding that personality is the best predictor of job performance D) to offset the correlation between personality and mood E) to reduce the cost of job simulations

B) because technical knowledge and skills are the best predictor of job performance

60) Organizational ________ refers to the shared perceptions organizational members have about their organization's policies, procedures, and practices. A) culture B) climate C) charter D) chart E) hierarchy

B) climate

13) As the plant manager, DeSean has the power to assign to the less popular night shift those of his employees who do not meet the productivity mark. DeSean has ________ power. A) cognitive B) coercive C) expert D) referent E) subordinative

B) coercive

28) Your colleagues at work are constantly talking about the vice president in your region. He is perceived throughout the organization as a ruthless man who is not to be antagonized. It is necessary for you to bring him a report, and you are very nervous about having to deal with him. The vice president's major base of power seems to be ________. A) reward B) coercive C) referent D) expert E) personal

B) coercive

67) The ________ evaluation method focuses the evaluator's attention on those behaviors that are key to executing a job effectively. A) forced comparison B) critical incident C) graphic rating scale D) behaviorally anchored rating scale E) written essay

B) critical incident

21) You are the head of training for a consulting organization, and as part of your job, you help new hires become effective consultants by training them to ask the right questions of their clients. One of the things you do in the training session is instruct the trainees to ask the client organization if they have clearly defined procedures covering most of the jobs in the organization and lots of rules and policies. In doing this, you want to help them understand the client organization's ________. A) chain of command B) degree of formalization C) span of control D) degree of departmentalization E) degree of centralization

B) degree of formalization

39) The greater B's ________ A, the more power A has over B. A) importance to B) dependence on C) substitutability is for D) attachment to E) relationship to

B) dependence on

77) The concept of ________ can be applied to appraisals to increase the perception that employees are treated fairly. A) selective evaluation B) due process C) multiple raters D) selective retention E) counter productivity

B) due process

47) You have just been appointed as director of your company's corporate training division. The CEO of your company has been displeased with your company's prior training programs, so you are tasked with rehauling the entire training division. You convene a meeting of all training division managers to decide on the types of training that the division will implement. One of your managers is a firm supporter of e-training programs for employees in your company's international offices. He touts the benefits of e-training programs by stressing that ________. A) e-training approaches have been proven to result in higher levels of knowledge assimilation B) e-training emphasizes learner control over the pace and content of instruction C) many employees find solitary learning to be highly motivating D) online learners are less susceptible to distractions E) e-programs are inexpensive to design and implement

B) e-training emphasizes learner control over the pace and content of instruction

29) Employee discretion is inversely related to ________. A) complexity B) formalization C) specialization D) departmentalization E) empowerment

B) formalization

33) People especially likely to comply with soft power tactics tend to ________. A) be more action oriented B) have greater desire for control C) be extrinsically motivated D) have low self-esteem E) be more focused on getting along with others than with getting their own way

B) have greater desire for control

35) The selection process helps sustain the organization's culture by ________. A) encouraging discussion about norms B) hiring candidates who fit well within the organization C) selecting employees who deserve to be promoted D) developing performance evaluation criteria E) rewarding conformity of skills

B) hiring candidates who fit well within the organization

67) Culture is most likely to be a liability when the ________. A) employees of the organization are highly skilled B) organization's environment is undergoing rapid change C) organization's management is highly efficient D) organization is highly centralized E) organization scores low on the degree of formalization

B) organization's environment is undergoing rapid change

64) Janice works for a pet store where everyone is committed to the happiness of the animals.Often employees, bosses, and hourly workers alike, come into the store "off the clock" and spend time training the animals. Everyone loves the store, the animals, and their jobs. This attitude of her co-workers inspires Janice to do her best. Based on this information, we can say that Janice is experiencing the effects of ________. A) centralization B) organizational climate C) high departmentalization D) high formalization E) high work specialization

B) organizational climate

9) Cultures that tend to develop in large organizations to reflect common problems, situations, or experiences faced by groups of members in the same department or location are often called________. A) micro-cultures B) subcultures C) divisional cultures D) microcosms E) counter cultures

B) subcultures

24) Matthew is a new divisional manager. In reorganizing his division, he must make some decisions regarding the span of control for management within his division. The question of span of control determines ________. A) the employee grievance policy of the organization B) the number of levels and managers an organization has C) where decisions are made D) how jobs will be grouped E) how employees will be compensated

B) the number of levels and managers an organization has

88) Marilyn is the department head for a large call center and is responsible for conducting quarterly performance evaluations on her employees. While a good portion of the evaluation is based on areas such as friendliness, punctuality, and customer ratings, roughly half of the appraisal is based on call volume and the conversion of callers to customers. An employee's evaluations are used to determine quarterly raises. Algemar and Nick both work for Marilyn.Marilyn feels that she is a mentor for Nick while she feels that she simply inherited Algemar from another department; thus, Marilyn sometimes strikes from Nick's call records customers who are extremely difficult or perhaps too set against buying the product. For the last quarter,Marilyn awarded Nick a raise while she did not award one to Algemar. Marilyn's awarding Nick a raise based on his evaluations could best be called ________. A) politicking B) unethical politicking C) identity management D) self-serving E) cognitive management

B) unethical politicking

17) Consultants Exceptional (CE) has hired you to develop training materials for their consultants. Your first assignment is to develop a training program that helps their consultants to analyze and understand the organizational structure of the company that they are assisting. You believe that in order to adequately evaluate and understand a client company, consultants need to understand the basic organizational structure of the company. Consultants are then able to recommend actions and changes based on the company's structure. One of the questions you tell the trainees to ask is, "To what degree are tasks subdivided into separate jobs?" This question addresses the issue of ________. A) formalization B) work specialization C) span of control D) chain of command E) matrix restructuring

B) work specialization

8) Which of the following statements is true regarding an organization's culture? A) Organizational culture is evaluative rather than descriptive. B) Large organizations rarely have subcultures. C) A dominant culture expresses the core values shared by a majority of the organization's members. D) A strong culture increases employee turnover. E) Subcultures and dominant cultures must not share any common values.

C) A dominant culture expresses the core values shared by a majority of the organization's members.

1) ________ is defined as a process that begins when one party perceives another party has or is about to negatively affect something the first party cares about. A) Problem solving B) Assessment C) Conflict D) Negotiation E) Collective bargaining

C) Conflict

101) Which of the following is true of accommodations for physical disabilities in the workplace? A) Workers with disabilities should always receive higher performance evaluations. B) Accommodations processes should be a transactional determination. C) Government mandates to hire more people with disabilities significantly increased their representation in the workplace in Europe. D) Workloads are notably heavier when an employer hires people with disabilities. E) Germany and France tried to use quota systems to motivate employers to hire individuals with disabilities.

C) Government mandates to hire more people with disabilities significantly increased their representation in the workplace in Europe.

49) Which of the following is not an entry socialization option in the metamorphosis stage? A) Formal versus informal B) Individual versus collective C) Hierarchical versus mechanistic D) Fixed versus variable E) Serial versus random

C) Hierarchical versus mechanistic

45) Which of the following statements is true about the simple structure? A) It is very expensive to operate. B) It is characterized by a high degree of departmentalization. C) It becomes increasingly inadequate as an organization grows. D) It is rigid. E) It is characterized by a narrow span of control.

C) It becomes increasingly inadequate as an organization grows.

15) Conditions that can create conflicts can be classified into three categories. Which of the following is one of these three categories that includes variables such as emotions and values? A) Communication B) Structure C) Personal variables D) Group interactions E) Process variables

C) Personal variables

58) Which of the following influence tactics can be used most effectively for exerting upward influence? A) Legitimacy B) Inspirational appeal C) Rational persuasion D) Ingratiation E) Exchange

C) Rational persuasion

42) ________ is a process that helps new employees adapt to the prevailing organizational culture. A) Satisficing B) Reciprocal interdependence C) Socialization D) Formalization E) Social loafing

C) Socialization

41) You are involved in training and development for your division at Dunder Mifflin Inc. You want to target some specific organizational problems through formal training using theInstructional System Design approach.You need to decide where training will take place and get the media you need to what will be needed to ensure that training is successful. You are in the ________ step of the InstructionalSystem Design approach. A) develop B) implement C) analyze D) design E) evaluation

C) analyze

97) A(n) ________ is a trusted third party who provides an informal communication link between the negotiator and the negotiation partner. A) mediator B) arbitrator C) conciliator D) moderator E) ombudsman

C) conciliator

40) Andrea wants to improve the training program for her sales representatives. Her initial focus in developing the new training program is to establish what skills, abilities, and other characteristics need to be trained. Andrea is working on the ________ part of the InstructionalSystem Design framework. A) evaluation B) develop C) design D) analyze E) implement

C) design

7) A manufacturing manager organizes a plant into engineering, accounting, manufacturing, personnel, and supply specialists departments. This division of an organization into groups according to work functions is an example of ________. A) social clustering B) organizational bureaucracy C) functional departmentalization D) functional centralization E) service departmentalization

C) functional departmentalization

100) Representation of individuals with physical or mental disabilities in the workforce________. A) is limited by health and safety regulations B) is nearly 100 percent in countries like Canada and New Zealand C) increased in the United States with the passage of the ADA D) demands the use of consistent performance evaluation to be legal E) is facilitated with economic feasibility studies

C) increased in the United States with the passage of the ADA

58) Performance management focuses on ________. A) task performance, productivity, tenure B) productivity, efficiency, absenteeism C) job performance, organizational citizenship behavior, counterproductive work behavior D) citizenship, counter productivity, personality E) leadership, knowledge, efficiency

C) job performance, organizational citizenship behavior, counterproductive work behavior

23) Andre, who has never participated in athletics since middle school, is the general manager of a basketball team. He often finds himself fighting for players' attention because players seem to listen more to DeSean who had a long and illustrious professional career prior to his retirement and current position as advisor to the team. In this scenario, Andre has ________ power while DeSean has ________ power. A) positional; athletic B) positional; referent C) legitimate; expert D) referent; athletic E) charismatic; legitimate

C) legitimate; expert

27) Steve Jobs, the former co-founder and chief executive officer (CEO) of Apple had power based on his personal traits. Jobs' source of power is called ________. A) coercive B) societal C) referent D) expert E) cognitive

C) referent

30) The clerical and editorial employees in a publishing house need to be at their desks by 8:00AM and follow a set of precise procedures dictated by management. The jobs of these clerical and editorial employees ________. A) have a wide span of control B) score high on the degree of departmentalization C) score high on the degree of formalization D) lack a unity of command E) score low on the degree of work specialization

C) score high on the degree of formalization

1) Which one of the following is not implied in the definition of power? A) Influence B) Potential C) Dependency D) Actualization E) Control

D) Actualization

85) Which of the following is not a factor that influences how effectively individuals negotiate? A) Personality B) Mood/emotions C) Gender D) Age E) Culture

D) Age

63) Which of the following statements is true regarding the establishment of organizational culture and its effects on the organization? A) Today's trend toward decentralized organizations makes it easier to establish a strong culture. B) In a virtual organization, a strong culture can be established quickly and easily. C) Employees organized in teams always show greater allegiance to the values of the organization as a whole than to their team and its values. D) Culture acts as a control mechanism and guides the behavior of employees. E) Cultures reduce the stability of the social system.

D) Culture acts as a control mechanism and guides the behavior of employees.

74) Which of the following is the second step in the negotiation process? A) Preparation and planning B) Bargaining and problem solving C) Clarification and justification D) Definition of ground rules E) Closure and implementation

D) Definition of ground rules

8) AgriProducers provides services related to the testing of soil and crops. It also provides advice to its customers for improving the productivity of the soil and the quality of the crops. It has customers all over the United States. The crops and soil are different in the various large areas of the nation, such as the West Coast and the Midwest. Which type of departmentalization would be best for AgriProducers? A) Functional B) Process C) Product D) Geographic E) Temporal

D) Geographic

75) Which of the following is not a step in the negotiation process? A) Definition of ground rules B) Clarification and justification C) Bargaining and problem solving D) Process evaluation E) Preparation and planning

D) Process evaluation

53) Which of the following tactics is most effective if I want to influence performance at work? A) Coalitions B) Exchange C) Pressure D) Rational persuasion E) Ingratiation

D) Rational persuasion

59) Neha finds out that her salary is lower than her peers. She discusses this with her boss, showing him how her performance has increased company revenues. As a result, she gets a substantial raise. Which of the following influence tactics did she use? A) Pressure B) Inspirational appeals C) Exchange D) Rational persuasion E) Legitimacy

D) Rational persuasion

60) Which of the following, if true, will strengthen the company's decision? A) The majority of the company employees have only a basic level of education. B) The company recently instituted a technical skills improvement program for shop floor employees. C) A top recruitment agency recently sent the company details of prospective college candidates. D) Several top performing entry level employees have received offers from rival companies. E) A majority of the company's employees are reaching the age of retirement.

D) Several top performing entry level employees have received offers from rival companies.

72) Andy, who works for the Omega Corporation, sees a lot of political behavior at work. Andy views politics as a useful way of getting things done. Which of the following is the way Andy construes politics? A) Reactive B) Reluctant C) Cognitive D) Strategic E) Integrated

D) Strategic

28) Aisha, a human resources (HR) executive is tasked with frequently coordinating with the company's information technology department (IT) in an effort to streamline the computerization of work at the company. Aisha is involved in ________. A) decentralizing B) organizing C) formalizing D) boundary spanning E) centralizing

D) boundary spanning

55) You have decided to hold on to the position of "I can't go beyond this point on this issue" in a labor-management conflict. You are attempting to engage in ________. A) integrative bargaining B) conciliation C) mediation D) distributive bargaining E) arbitration

D) distributive bargaining

19) DeSean, a trainee at a consulting firm is given a case study concerning a local manufacturing firm called Acme Products. In assessing Acme's organizational structure, DeSean notices that all of the company's decisions are pushed down to the managers closest to the action. The trainees most likely identify Acme as a(n) ________ organization. A) highly decentralized B) highly formalized C) highly departmentalized D) highly centralized E) informally structured

D) highly centralized

34) The ultimate source of an organization's culture is ________. A) its top management B) its environment C) the country in which the organization operates D) its founders E) the sociocultural backgrounds of its employees

D) its founders

48) New employees are usually comfortable with their organizations by the end of the ________ stage of socialization. A) encounter B) post-arrival C) establishment D) metamorphosis E) adaptation

D) metamorphosis

68) If a manager uses critical incidents as a method of performance evaluation, then ________. A) the employees generally receive poor ratings B) the evaluator's writing skills become the determining factor of the evaluation C) the employees are more likely to become motivated to achieve their goals D) the focus of the evaluation will center on specific behaviors E) the cost of the evaluation is likely to be incredibly high for the organization

D) the focus of the evaluation will center on specific behaviors

23) Which of the following statements is true regarding a centralized organization? A) A centralized organization is more flexible than a decentralized organization.B) In a centralized organization, decision making is pushed down to the managers closest to the action. C) A centralized organization is more responsive than a decentralized organization. D) In a centralized organization, top managers are rarely involved in decision making. E) In a centralized organization, decision making is concentrated at a single point in the organization.

E) In a centralized organization, decision making is concentrated at a single point in the organization.

46) Lakeesha is the owner of a flower shop. She has five employees who all report directly to her, and she makes all the decisions regarding the type and quantity of flowers and looks after the shop's finances. Which type of organizational structure does Lakeesha have? A) Bureaucracy B) Virtual structure C) Matrix structure D) Boundaryless structure E) Simple structure

E) Simple structure

25) While observing the departments in her division, Aisha notices that some managers with wide spans of control seem to perform more effectively than other managers with similarly sized spans of control. Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding the high-performing managers? A) These managers are paid higher salaries than the low-performing managers. B) These managers have external locus of control. C) The employees within their departments tend to compete to reach productivity goals, which boosts performance. D) The employees within their departments score high on agreeableness. E) The employees within their departments are highly skilled and very knowledgeable about their jobs.

E) The employees within their departments are highly skilled and very knowledgeable about their jobs.

89) Exemplification is an example of a(n) ________ impression management (IM) technique. A) cognitive B) ingratiating C) self-focused D) defensive E) assertive

E) assertive

46) The fastest growing training method is ________. A) job rotation B) live classroom lectures C) apprenticeships D) formal mentoring programs E) e-training

E) e-training

78) Marcel hates the annual review process he has to do for the employees in his department.Although he is fully aware of some of his employees' faults, he is reluctant to discuss them in person, and is only comfortable writing them in an unsigned report that his supervisor will review. Marcel's behavior demonstrates ________. A) provision of due process B) inflated assessment of employee performance C) organizational citizenship behavior D) managerial sincerity E) fear of confrontation

E) fear of confrontation

26) The more the lower-level personnel provide input or are actually given the discretion to make decisions, the ________ within that organization. A) higher is the degree of formalization B) lower is the level of empowerment C) lower is the degree of work specialization D) higher is the degree of departmentalization E) higher is the degree of decentralization

E) higher is the degree of decentralization

27) Publishing representatives who call on college professors to inform them of their company's new publications have a great deal of freedom in their jobs. They have only a general sales pitch, which they tailor as needed. Based on this information, we can say that the job of these publishing representatives scores ________. A) low on the degree of work specialization B) low on the degree of decentralization C) high on the degree of departmentalization D) high on the degree of centralization E) low on the degree of formalization

E) low on the degree of formalization

82) An organizational culture most likely to shape high ethical standards among its members is one that ________. A) sends a neutral message B) maximizes ethical ambiguities C) focuses only on outcomes D) minimizes the importance of processes E) provides protective mechanisms

E) provides protective mechanisms

56) At first, the disputing parties resist your offer to help create a win-win situation for both groups. They are each highly focused on their demands in the negotiation, otherwise known as their ________. A) focal points B) distribution points C) resistance points D) settlement ranges E) target points

E) target points

13) The principle of ________ helps preserve the concept of an unbroken line of authority. A) span of control B) chain of command C) cross-functionality D) centralization E) unity of command

E) unity of command

31) Under the Americans with Disabilities Act, firms cannot require employees to pass a medical exam before or after a job offer is made.

False

45) Felt conflict is the awareness by one or more parties of the existence of conditions that create opportunities for conflicts to arise.

False

18) Organizational culture shows how the employees like the essence of an organization.

False ?

19) "The clan" is an organizational culture based on human affiliation.

True

30) Some companies use interviews as a recruiting tool, trying to "sell" the applicant on the value of the job an organization.

True

44) Communication can be a source of conflict in dyadic exchanges.

True

55) The simple structure has a low degree of departmentalization.

True

90) Self-efficacy is one individual-difference variable that consistently seems to relate to negotiation outcomes.

True