MGMT 363 Chapter 7

Actually making oneself vulnerable to an authority is: A. trust. B. ethics. C. a risk. D. distributive justice. E. procedural justice.

a risk

Which of the following statements about the effects of trust on performance and commitment is true? A. Trust has a strong positive effect on performance. B. Employees who are willing to be vulnerable to authorities tend to have higher levels of task performance. C. Trust has a moderate positive effect on commitment. D. Employees who are willing to be vulnerable to authorities tend to have lower levels of affective commitment. E. Employees who are willing to be vulnerable to authorities tend to have lower levels of normative commitment.

Employees who are willing to be vulnerable to authorities tend to have higher levels of task performance.

_____ reflects the degree to which the behaviors of an authority are in accordance with generally accepted moral norms. A. Ethics B. Justice C. Competence D. Whistle-blowing E. Risk

Ethics

_____ is an act which is morally right and fulfills the "categorical imperative"—an unambiguously explicit set of three crucial maxims: (a) the act should be performable by everyone with no harm to society; (b) the act should respect human dignity; (c) the act should be endorsable by others. A. Idealism B. Conventionalism C. Ethnics of duties D. Relativism E. Formalism

ethics of duties

The willingness to be vulnerable to an authority based on positive expectations about the authority's actions and intentions is called: A. trust. B. ethics. C. moral intent. D. distributive justice. E. economic exchange.

trust

It is argued that _____ represents a sort of "faith in human nature." A. benevolence B. trust propensity C. competence D. trustworthiness E. integrity

trust propensity

Which of these is probably one of the first personality traits to develop in us? A. Emotional stability B. Extroversion C. Introversion D. Conscientiousness E. Trust propensity

trust propensity

Sometimes trust is _____, meaning that it depends on feelings toward the authority that go beyond any rational assessment. A. disposition-based B. affect-based C. cognition-based D. power-based E. competence-based

affect-based

Very few work relationships are based on _____ trust as compared to other types of trusts. A. competence-based B. disposition-based C. cognition-based D. affect-based E. character-based

affect-based

_____ trust is more emotional than rational. A. Disposition-based B. Affect-based C. Cognition-based D. Power-based E. Competence-based

affect-based

Brandon is a newly hired manager at Trade Tools, Inc. On the job just one week, he is responsible for supervising 24 employees in his job. Given his time at Trade Tools, what type of trust should he expect from his employees? A. Affect-based B. Disposition-based C. Cognition-based D. Character-based E. Mentor-based

disposition based

In the case of _____ trust, our willingness to be vulnerable has little to do with the authority and more to do with our genes and our early life experiences. A. affect-based B. character-based C. cognition-based D. disposition-based E. mentor-based

disposition-based

In most business situations, the proper norm for allocating the decision-making outcomes is: A. equity. B. equality. C. information. D. building harmony. E. contributing socially.

equity

Over the years, Jason, a district manager at Books-R-Us has developed a reputation that he is a "man of his words". His employees and co-workers know that he can "walk the talk", follow through on his promises, and have honest motives and intentions. These aspects describe which element of trustworthiness? A. Affect B. Competence C. Benevolence D. Trust propensity E. Integrity

integrity

When authorities are perceived to be of sound character, it means that they have _____—honest motives and intentions. A. integrity B. competence C. benevolence D. trust propensity E. trustworthiness

integrity

_____ conveys an alignment between words and deeds—a sense that authorities keep their promises, "walks the talk," and "does what they say they will do." A. Affect B. Integrity C. Benevolence D. Trust propensity E. Competence

integrity

_____ defined as the perception that the authority adheres to a set of values and principles that that the trustor finds acceptable. A. Affect B. Competence C. Introverted personality D. Integrity E. Benevolence

integrity

The first step in ethical decision making: A. moral intent. B. moral judgment. C. ethical behavior. D. moral awareness. E. trust propensity.

moral awareness

_____ occurs when an authority recognizes that a moral issue exists in a situation or that an ethical standard or principle is relevant to the circumstance. A. Ethical behavior B. Moral judgment C. Moral intent D. Trust propensity E. Moral awareness

moral awareness

_____ is the degree to which a person sees himself or herself as a "moral person." A. Moral judgment B. Moral identity C. Trust propensity D. Trustworthiness E. Relativism

moral identity

_____ captures the degree to which an issue has ethical urgency. A. Trust propensity B. Distributive justice C. Ethical sensitivity D. Moral intensity E. Relativism

moral intensity

up the hill scenario... Diane appears to be more concerned about: A. informational justice. B. procedural justice. C. distributive justice. D. interpersonal justice. E. social justice.

procedural justice

up the hill scenario.... _____ is fostered when the managers at UHI adhere to rules that serve to create equal employment opportunity. A. Interpersonal justice B. Informational justice C. Procedural justice D. Distributive justice E. Social justice

procedural justice

"Do procedures consider the needs of all groups?" pertains to which procedural justice rule? A. Representativeness B. Correctability C. Suppression D. Propriety E. Accuracy

representativeness

Which of the following is not a procedural justice rule? A. Voice B. Consistency C. Representativeness D. Respect E. Correctability

respect

Interpersonal justice is fostered when authorities adhere to two particular rules A. voice and correctability. B. justification and truthfulness. C. equity and equality. D. consistency and accuracy. E. respect and propriety.

respect and propriety

According to research, all four justice forms have _____ correlation with employee trust levels. A. inverse B. negative C. strong D. moderate E. no

strong

Which of the following is an informational justice rule? A. Truthfulness B. Consistency C. Equity D. Correctability E. Propriety

truthfulness

Trust propensity is a product of both: A. social and economic exchange. B. moral and immoral intents. C. nature and nurture. D. distributive and procedural justice. E. moral intensity and moral judgment.

nature and nurture

Which of the following is a distributive justice rule? A. Justification B. Correctability C. Equity D. Respect E. Voice

equity

payroll partners scenario.... If we were to apply the research on trust propensities by nation to this team at PPI, who will have the lowest trust propensity in this team? A. Alfredo B. Marcos C. Tina D. Huan E. Allen

Marcos

payroll partners scenario.... If we were to apply the research on trust propensities by nation to this team at PPI, who will have the highest trust propensity in this team? A. Alfredo and Marcos B. Marcos and Tina C. Tina and Huan D. Huan and Marcos E. Tina and Alfredo

Tina and Huan

_____ is a dimension of trustworthiness, that is defined as the skills, abilities, and the areas of expertise that enable an authority to be successful in some specific context. A. Character B. Benevolence C. Personality D. Ability E. Affect

ability

_____ reflects the degree to which employees can devote their attention to work, as opposed to "covering their backside," "playing politics," and "keeping an eye on the boss." A. Moral intensity B. Ability to focus C. Moral awareness D. Moral judgment E. Ethical behavior

ability to focus

Jessica is gauging the track record of her boss Cindy to determine trustworthiness. According to research, she would evaluate which of these? A. Competence, position, and power B. Character, power, and personality C. Ability, benevolence, and integrity D. Benevolence, attitude, and personality E. Affect, character, and feeling

ability, benevolence, and integrity

In the case of _____ trust, our willingness to be vulnerable has little to do with a rational assessment of the authority's merits and more to do with our emotional fondness for the authority. A. cognition-based B. mentor-based C. affect-based D. character-based E. disposition-based

affect-based

_____ acts as a leap of faith in the face of uncertainty about trustworthiness. A. Cognition-based trust B. Competence-based trust C. Power-based trust D. Coercion-based trust E. Affect-based trust

affect-based trust

Cognition-based trust is driven by the A. authority's "track record." B. trustor's trust propensity. C. trustee's feelings. D. trustor's affect-based trust. E. trustor's disposition.

authority's "track record"

The belief that the authority wants to do good for the trustor, apart from any selfish or profit-centered motives refers to which of these dimension of trustworthiness? A. Affect B. Competence C. Benevolence D. Trust propensity E. Character

benevolence

When authorities are perceived as _____, it means that they care for employees, are concerned about their well-being, and feel a sense of loyalty to them. A. benevolent B. competent C. reliable D. independent E. honest

benevolent

In the case of _____ trust, we rationally evaluate the pluses and minuses of an authority, in terms of its ability, integrity, and benevolence. A. cognition-based B. mentor-based C. affect-based D. emotion-based E. disposition-based

cognition-based

When trust is rooted in a rational assessment of the authority's trustworthiness, it is: A. disposition-based trust. B. affect-based trust. C. cognition-based trust. D. power-based trust. E. feeling-based trust.

cognition-based trust

"Will the consequences be concentrated on a limited set of people, or will they be more far reaching?" This reflects _____, one of the facets of moral intensity. A. social consensus. B. concentration of effect. C. magnitude of consequences. D. temporal immediacy. E. proximity.

concentration of effect

According to research, trust has no effect on: A. job performance. B. affective commitment. C. normative commitment. D. continuance commitment. E. task performance.

continuance commitment

Fulfilling the legal component of corporate social responsibility suggests that the organization has reached _____ of moral development. A. pre-conventional level B. principled level C. post-conventional level D. conventional level E. ethical level

conventional level

One way an organization can improve its trustworthiness is to focus its attention on: A. corporate social responsibility. B. relativism ideology. C. utilitarian ideology. D. stage 3 of the pre-conventional level of cognitive moral development. E. stage 6 of the pre-conventional level of cognitive moral development.

corporate social responsibility

_____ is a perspective that acknowledges that the responsibility of a business encompasses the economic, legal, ethical, and citizenship expectations of society. A. Corporate social responsibility B. Relativism C. Corporate governance D. Utilitarianism E. Corporate transparency

corporate social responsibility

"Do procedures build in mechanisms for appeals?" pertains to which procedural justice rule? A. Accuracy B. Correctability C. Suppression D. Propriety E. Voice

correctability

The invitations that lead to hidden scenes in certain video games may be accessed using downloads from the Internet. Which aspect of ethics does this relate to? A. Deception. B. Moral judgment. C. Moral intent. D. Trust propensity. E. Logic.

deception

When employees perceive high levels of _____, they believe that things are being done the way they "should be" or "ought to be" done. A. corporate social responsibility B. risk C. ethics D. social judgment E. justice

ethics

Alfredo (from Italy) was just hired last week as an account specialist at Payroll Partners (PPI). PPI specializes in managing the human resource functions on behalf of hundreds of small-to-medium sized companies focusing on entrepreneurs of different ethnicities. Allen was placed in a four member team. Marcos (from Brazil) had joined the team about a year ago. Tina (from the U.S.) and Huan (from China) have been with the company and working together in the team for about 3 years now. Both Tina and Huan get along very well and trust the managers at PPI. 117. (p. 220) When the assignments and instructions on how to interact and manage a particular customer from a different culture are given by the managers at PPI to this team, Alfredo's trust in his supervisors is more likely going to be: A. disposition-based trust. B. affect-based trust. C. cognition-based trust. D. power-based trust. E. feeling-based trust.

disposition-based trust

Employees can judge the fairness of an authority's decision making along all of these dimensions except: A. procedural justice. B. interpersonal justice. C. dissonance justice. D. distributive justice. E. informational justice.

dissonance justice

Employees evaluate outcomes such as pay, rewards, and promotions to determine whether they are allocated using proper norms. This is a _____ type of justice. A. informational B. procedural C. distributive D. interpersonal E. dissonance

distributive

_____ justice reflects the perceived fairness of decision-making outcomes. A. Procedural B. Interpersonal C. Informational D. Distributive E. Dissonance

distributive

Jack and Diane have been working at Urban Heights Inc.(UHI) for about a year now. Jack has always been concerned about how much he is getting paid and what his work assignments are compared to others in the department. Diane, on the other hand, has had more interest in participation in decision making and being able to express her opinions when she feels that a procedure in the department seems to have worked ineffectively. The managers at UHI are focusing on a company-wide initiative that focuses on treating employees with sincerity and refraining from improper remarks. UHI is also exploring the transformation of work from individual productivity to team-based work. The managers are hoping that it will boost the employee morale. 120. (p. 226) Jack appears to be more concerned about: A. interpersonal justice. B. informational justice. C. procedural justice. D. distributive justice. E. social justice.

distributive justice

Which of these is not a facet of moral intensity? A. Probability of effect B. Economic consensus C. Proximity D. Concentration of effect E. Temporal immediacy

economic consensus

Employees who don't trust their authorities have _____ relationships that are based on narrowly defined, quid pro quo obligations. A. benevolence at work B. social exchange C. affect-based trust D. character-based trust E. economic exchange

economic exchange

"Ethical action is defined as those decisions the decision maker freely decides to pursue either short-term or long-term interests." describes which of these ideologies? A. Idealism B. Conventionalism C. Egoism D. Relativism E. Formalism

egoism

Allen Corporation values team-based work and wants to allocate decision-making outcomes using a norm that fits their team-based culture. Which of these norms would be appropriate for Allen Corporation? A. Equity B. Equality C. Social standing D. Seniority E. Respect

equality

Which norm is typically used in student project groups, in which all group members receive exactly the same grade on a project, regardless of their individual productivity levels? A. Social responsibility B. Need C. Equity D. Reciprocity E. Equality

equality

up the hill scenario.... If UHI wants to transform work from individual productivity to team-based work, which of the following allocation norms can be utilized by the managers? A. Seniority B. Social standing C. Equity D. Equality E. Voice

equality

Raj believes that everybody's words should be taken at their face value and that statement of individuals and groups can be relied upon even when you meet them for the very first time. Raj appears to have: A. power-based trust. B. affect-based trust. C. cognition-based trust. D. low trust propensity. E. high trust propensity.

high trust propensity

_____ justice reflects the perceived fairness of the communications provided to employees from the authorities. A. Interpersonal B. Informational C. Procedural D. Distributive E. Social

informational

_____ justice reflects the perceived fairness of the treatment received by employees from authorities. A. Procedural B. Interpersonal C. Informational D. Distributive E. Accurate

interpersonal

Brandon, a first-line supervisor at Garden Toys Manufacturing regularly dishes out the verbal abuse to employees, berates, bad-mouthing and embarrassing them in public. This is an example of: A. distributive injustice. B. informational injustice. C. procedural injustice. D. interpersonal injustice. E. social injustice.

interpersonal injustice

When employees perceive high levels of _____, they believe that decision outcomes are fair and that decision-making processes are designed and implemented in a fair manner. A. risk B. corporate social responsibility C. ethics D. justice E. social judgment

justice

Which of these reflects the perceived fairness of an authority's decision making? A. Ethics B. Justice C. Social judgment D. Corporate social responsibility E. Philosophy

justice

The _____ rule mandates that authorities explain decision-making procedures and outcomes in a comprehensive and reasonable manner. A. justification B. truthfulness C. consistency D. equity E. respect

justification

Informational justice is fostered when authorities adhere to two particular rules: A. voice and correctability. B. justification and truthfulness. C. equity and equality. D. consistency and accuracy. E. respect and propriety.

justification and truthfulness

"How much harm would be done to other people??" This reflects _____, one of the facets of moral intensity. A. social consensus B. magnitude of consequences C. concentration of effect D. temporal immediacy E. proximity

magnitude of consequences

According to research, trust has a _____ effect on performance and a _____ effect on commitment. A. strong positive; moderate negative B. moderate negative; strong positive C. moderate positive; strong positive D. strong positive; moderate positive E. mild negative; mild positive

moderate positive; strong positive

Moral awareness is associated with: A. moral intensity. B. moral judgment. C. moral intent. D. trust propensity. E. logic.

moral intensity

_____ is driven by a number of situational factors, including the existence of on-the-job pressures, role conflict, and rewards and incentives that can be more easily attained by unethical means. A. Moral consciousness B. Moral opinion C. Moral intensity D. Moral awareness E. Moral intent

moral intent

_____ reflects an authority's degree of commitment to the moral course of action. A. Moral intent B. Moral awareness C. Moral judgment D. Trust propensity E. Distributive justice

moral intent

Jerilyn has been working as a first line manager at Trade-4-Less, a financial brokerage company, for about 3 years now. She is very interested in the career progression with this company. As a first-line manager, she has new information that her department head has not seen yet. The findings in this report indicate that her manager's plans are sure to fail and a lot of people will probably loose a lot of their retirement funds. If the plans do fail, the manager will probably be demoted and she is the most likely candidate to fill the vacancy as the department head. If Jerilyn does recognize the existing moral issue, the next step of decision making will be: A. ethical behavior. B. trust propensity. C. moral intent. D. moral awareness. E. moral judgment.

moral judgement

When the authority accurately identifies the morally "right" course of action, it refers to A. ethical behavior. B. moral judgment. C. moral intent. D. trust propensity. E. moral awareness.

moral judgment

Which of these represents the second step in ethical decision making? A. Ethical behavior B. Trust propensity C. Moral intent D. Moral awareness E. Moral judgment

moral judgment

Trust is rooted in all of these factors except: A. trust propensity of the trustor. B. competence of the authority. C. benevolence of the authority. D. feelings toward the trustee. E. physical characteristics of the trustee.

physical characteristics of the trustee

"How likely is it that the act will actually occur and that the assumed consequences will match predictions?" This reflects _____, one of the facets of moral intensity. A. social consensus B. probability of effect C. magnitude of consequences D. temporal immediacy E. concentration of effect

probability

_____ justice reflects the perceived fairness of decision-making processes. A. Procedural B. Interpersonal C. Informational D. Distributive E. Dissonance

procedural

According to research, _____ was a stronger predictor of satisfaction with supervision, overall job satisfaction, and organizational commitment than _____ justice. A. procedural; distributive B. distributive; procedural C. informational; distributive D. interpersonal; distributive E. informational; procedural

procedural; distributive

The _____ rule reflects whether authorities refrain from making improper or offensive remarks. A. propriety B. justification C. truthfulness D. respect E. voice

propriety

Which of the following is an interpersonal justice rule? A. Truthfulness B. Consistency C. Equity D. Correctability E. Propriety

propriety

"How near (in a psychological or physical sense) is the authority to those who will be affected?" This reflects _____, one of the facets of moral intensity. A. Social consensus B. Proximity C. Magnitude of consequences D. Temporal immediacy E. Concentration of effect

proximity

up the hill scenario.... The managers at UHI are focusing on a company-wide initiative that focuses on treating employees with sincerity and refraining from improper remarks. The managers can focus on _____ and _____ in their attempt to improve these elements at UHI. A. voice; correctability B. justification; truthfulness C. distributive; procedural D. equity; equality E. respect; propriety

respect; propriety

"How much agreement is there that the proposed act would be evil (or good)?" This reflects _____, one of the facets of moral intensity. A. probability of effect B. temporal immediacy C. concentration of effect D. social consensus E. magnitude of consequences

social consensus

As trust increases between employees and their authorities, _____ relationships develop that are based on vaguely defined obligations that are open-ended and long-term in their repayment schedule. A. distributive justice B. social exchange C. disposition-based trust D. economic exchange E. relativism

social exchange

"How much time will pass between the act and the onset of its consequences?" This reflects _____, one of the facets of moral intensity. A. probability of effect B. social consensus C. temporal immediacy D. proximity E. magnitude of consequences

temporal immediacy

_____ refers to a general expectation that the words, promises, and statements of individuals and groups can be relied upon. A. Trust propensity B. Moral judgment C. Moral awareness D. Credibility E. Affect

trust propensity

_____ is the characteristics or attributes of a trustee that inspire trust. A. Relativism B. Trust propensity C. Utilitarianism D. Trustworthiness E. Idealism

trustworthiness

The _____ rule requires that the decision-making procedures and outcomes that the authorities explain to employees are honest and candid. A. justification B. respect C. consistency D. equity E. truthfulness

truthfulness

"Ethical action defined as those that achieve the most valuable ends" describes which of these ideologies? A. Idealism B. Conventionalism C. Utilitarianism D. Relativism E. Formalism

utilitarianism

_____ is an act which is morally right if it allows the decision maker to lead a "good life" by adhering to virtues like wisdom, honesty, courage, friendship, mercy, loyalty, modesty, and patience. A. Egoism B. Ethics of rites C. Relativism D. Virtue of ethics E. Utilitarianism

virtue of ethics

Managers at Anderson Information, Inc. always give employees a chance to express their opinions and views during the decision-making process. Which procedural rule can be used to define the situation? A. Suppression B. Correctability C. Accuracy D. Propriety E. Voice

voice

_____ occurs when employees expose illegal actions by their employer. A. Affect-based trust B. Whistle-blowing C. Procedural justice D. Distributive justice E. Economic exchange

whistle-blowing