MGMT 363 Exam 2

Which of the following represents the correlation between cognitive ability and job performance? weak, positive weak, negative strong, positive strong, negative moderate, negative

strong, positive

Emotionally charged judgments that arise through quick, nonconscious, and holistic associations are known as stereotypes. consensus. expertise. learning. intuition.

intuition.

Which of the following answer options is not one of the concepts of psychological empowerment? competence meaningfulness impact self-determination self-efficacy

self-efficacy

1. Nurses at a local hospital feel so overwhelmed by the number of COVID-19 patients that they believe all of them cannot be treated even if they put in their best effort. 2. Grocery store employees appreciate the additional "Hero" pay they are receiving for putting their safety at risk. Every additional penny counts for them during these challenging financial times. 3. Researchers at a failing pharmaceutical company were promised a bonus if they found a vaccine for COVID-19. The employees, however, doubt they will actually receive the bonus because they expect the company to go out of business before they can get paid. 4. Employees at a manufacturing plant are confident they can achieve their goal of producing 100 ventilators a day if they work hard and focus on the task at hand. 5. A bus company promised drivers airline and hotel gift cards if they agreed to work extra hours due to staff shortages. The drivers are not motivated because they don't think travel-related gift cards will do them any good during the pandemic. 6. A meat producing plant has promised employees a significant bonus if they can reduce the number of safety-related incidents in the plant during the pandemic. Based on past statements made by management, employees are confident that the company will pay the bonus if the incidents are reduced. Expectancy, Valence, Instrumentality, Expectancy, Valence, Instrumentality

1. Expectancy 2. Valence 3. Instrumentality 4. Expectancy 5. Valence 6. Instrumentality

1. Anticipatory Stage 2. Encounter Stage 3. Understanding & Adaptation Stage Inside Information, wrong turn, lunchroom antics, first meeting, rules and procedures, lunchroom laughs, volunteering, dressing up

1. Inside Information, wrong turn 2. lunchroom antics, first meeting, rules and procedures 3. lunchroom laughs, volunteering, dressing up

1. Low Meaningfulness 2 Low Self-Determination 3. Low Competence 4. Low Impact 5. High Meaningfulness 6. High Self-Determination 7. High Competence 8. High Impact Share Knowledge, Nonprofit Work, Task Variety, Inexperienced, Make a Difference, Task Assignment, Job Choice, Confidence

1. Job Choice 2. Task Assignment 3. Inexperienced 4. Share Knowledge 5. Nonprofit Work 6. Task Variety 7. Confidence 8. Make a Difference

1. Continuous Schedule 2. Fixed Interval Schedule 3. Variable Interval Schedule 4. Fixed Ratio Schedule 5. Variable Ratio Schedule Paperwork, High Performance but hard to maintain, status report, average performance, drug test, moderately high performance, free lunch, high performance, travel funds, high performance

1. Paperwork, High Performance but hard to maintain 2. status report, average performance 3. drug test, moderately high performance 4. free lunch, high performance 5. travel funds, high performance

1. Conventional 2. Enterprising 3. Social 4. Artistic 5. Investigative 6. Realistic Schedules, Connections, Listening, Inspired, Lab, Useful

1. Schedules 2. Connections 3. Listening 4. Inspired 5. Lab 6. Useful

1. Availability 2. Anchoring 3. Representativeness 4. Recency Successful Mondays, Customer Reviews, Setting Salary, Hot Shot

1. Successful Mondays 2. Setting Salary 3. Hot Shot 4. Customer Reviews

1. Individualism-Collectivism 2. Masculinity-Femininity 3. Power Distance 4. Short-Term vs. Long-Term Orientation 5. Uncertainty Avoidance South End Productions, Node Inc., Take-N-Go Inc., Up and Down Trading Company, West World Imports

1. West World Imports 2. Up and Down Trading Company 3. South End Productions 4. Node Inc. 5. Take-N-Go Inc.

Fern's company is expanding, and she would like a foreign presence to reach broader markets and have some diversification. Fern wants a factory where rules are strictly followed, performance is high, and workers are able to accept the authority of people above them. In which of the following places should she choose to build her factory? Mexico Germany Brazil China Greece

China

Explicit Knowledge vs Tacit Knowledge Economic Transparency, C.A.F.E. Practices, Agronomists, Generations of Farmers, Regional Flavors, Close Relationships

Economic Transparency, C.A.F.E. Practices, Agronomists vs Generations of Farmers, Regional Flavors, Close Relationships

The principle of situational strength suggests that some situations provide cues that trigger the expression of a given trait. True or False

False

Which of the following is true about "agreeableness"? It reflects a strong desire to obtain power and influence within a social structure. It reflects a strong desire to obtain acceptance in personal relationships as a means of expressing personality. It is the second most important trait from a job performance perspective. It is responsible for the Type A Behavior Pattern that has been shown to affect employees' health. It is negatively related to alcohol consumption and smoking.

It reflects a strong desire to obtain acceptance in personal relationships as a means of expressing personality.

If a university hospital hires only employees with high openness to experience, will all employees have higher eco-innovation and job performance? Yes, but low openness applicants could file labor complaints. Political efforts may increase and cause negative behaviors that will block innovation. Yes, but openness will increase pay demands. No, turnover will block innovation. No, openness is not related to job performance for all job types.

No, openness is not related to job performance for all job types.

Employees who feel a sense of equity on the job are more likely to engage in citizenship behaviors. True or False

True

Employees with higher levels of expertise may become more highly valued commodities on the job market, thereby reducing their levels of continuance commitment. True or False

True

When applying for jobs, job seekers often focus on a desired salary while ignoring other aspects of the job offer such as benefits, fit with the job, and working environment. In many cases, the salary may be good, but there are other, negative features of the job not being considered. This is an example of anchoring bias. representativeness bias. hindsight bias. overconfidence bias. framing bias.

anchoring bias.

Assume that an organization's culture, pre-pandemic, was to have open communication between different levels of management in order to spur creativity. The organization now uses video conferencing to achieve the same objective, allowing employees to quickly video call others in different parts of the hierarchy if they have an innovative idea. Based on this assumption, video conferencing is allowing the organization to uphold its basic assumptions. espoused values. espoused rituals. observable artifacts. observable rituals.

basic assumptions.

The process of generating and choosing from a set of alternatives to solve a problem is called bounded rationality. satisficing. decision making. learning orientation. intuition.

decision making.

When employees are cognitively overqualified, they perform much better than others. are much more satisfied than others. are usually longer-term employees. are usually paid more. don't necessarily perform better than others.

don't necessarily perform better than others.

Sheldon made the decision to purchase new business accounting software that is prone to malfunctioning. The software needs consistent troubleshooting by outside experts, and Sheldon's organization continues to pay for the frequent troubleshooting instead of changing to a new software platform. This is an example of which of the following biases? escalation of commitment representative framing anchoring availability

escalation of commitment

A person's belief that the effort they put into completing a task will lead to performing at a desired level is called conscientious. valence. expectancy. instrumentality. equity.

expectancy.

In equity theory, inputs usually refer to pay. status symbols. fringe benefits. experience. perks.

experience

When people refer to cognitive ability, they usually are referencing the general overall cognitive ability, also called GLAT. SAT. EQ. g-factor. self-awareness.

g-factor.

Harold's boss frequently exhorts his subordinates to work harder by promising them a substantial bonus at the end of each quarter. However, bonuses are only sporadically awarded regardless of meeting performance goals. As a result, Harold's ________ may be low. instrumentality equity incentive valence expectancy

instrumentality

The moderate correlation between learning and job performance may be underestimated because employees with higher levels of expertise become more highly valued commodities on the job market. it is difficult to measure tacit knowledge, which is relevant to task performance, due to its unspoken nature. learning seems less relevant to citizenship behavior and counterproductive behavior. higher levels of job knowledge are associated with slight increases in emotional attachment to the firm. of the difficulty fulfilling one's job duties if the employee does not possess adequate levels of job knowledge.

it is difficult to measure tacit knowledge, which is relevant to task performance, due to its unspoken nature.

Which of the following compensation plan elements result in a change to base pay? gainsharing profit sharing merit pay recognition awards lump-sum bonuses

merit pay

Joe has the same qualifications (education and experience) as Chelsea, and they work for the same company. Joe finds out that Chelsea is earning a higher salary than him, even though they both do the same job. Based on equity theory, what is Joe most likely to experience? negative inequity (underreward) negative justice equity positive justice positive inequity (overreward)

negative inequity (underreward)

What are the two traits that contribute to creative thought? extraversion and agreeableness neuroticism and cognitive ability openness and cognitive ability extraversion and cognitive ability openness and job knowledge

openness and cognitive ability

Based on the case, virtual environments are leading to a decrease in heroes. horizontal hierarchies. symbols. organizational socialization. bureaucracy.

organizational socialization.

Which dimension addressed in most socialization efforts deals with information regarding formal and informal work relationships and power structures within the organization? history politics performance proficiency goals and values people

politics

Even if employees have lower openness to experience, how might their creativity for eco-innovation be encouraged? absenteeism higher neuroticism agreeableness training threat of job loss relaxation training

relaxation training

Chelsea's manager sent her an email asking to meet, for an unspecified reason, the following Friday. Upon reading this email, Chelsea remembered a situation six months prior when her manager sent such as email to another team member. During that meeting, the team member was laid off from the organization. Based on this recollection, Chelsea is extremely worried about the upcoming meeting with her boss. Which type of bias is being represented? representative bias framing bias confirmation bias overconfidence Bias recency bias

representative bias

Personality refers to a dispositional tendency to experience pleasant, engaging moods such as enthusiasm, excitement, and elation. a dispositional tendency to experience unpleasant moods such as hostility, nervousness, and annoyance. the structures and propensities inside people that explain their characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior. recurring regularities or trends in people's responses to their environment. shared beliefs about desirable end states or modes of conduct in a given culture.

the structures and propensities inside people that explain their characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior.

A more cautious approach to using cognitive testing for employment would be to use the test that an applicant chooses. allow applicants to work together on tests. only use testing for physical abilities. use a battery of tests to measure other types of ability. use oral exams rather than written ones.

use a battery of tests to measure other types of ability.

Fran is a customer service representative for Universal Equipment in Chicago. Fran enjoys living and working in downtown Chicago because of the availability of public transportation as she does not own a car. Universal Equipment recently announced that they are giving a free parking space to the worker with the highest level of customer service. This announcement does not affect Fran's level of motivation is due to the impact it has on her self-efficacy. instrumentality. expectancy. valence. enthusiasm.

valence.