MGMT 466 - Chapter 1, 2, 3, 4

Which of the following is an internal factor that is examined by top management to study an organization's effectiveness? a. Opportunities b. Weaknesses c. Uncertainty d. Resource availability

b. Weaknesses

Brian is the brand manager for Bake 'n Bite Pastries. His job requires him to coordinate several aspects of the brand, right from the design to the distribution of the product. Although he does not report to any of the teams being coordinated, he still plays an active role in managing the product. In the context of horizontal linkages, Brian is _____. a. a liaison b. a full-time integrator c. the head of a task force d. a team leader

b. a full-time integrator

With _____, decision authority is pushed downward to lower organization levels. a. centralization b. decentralization c. full-time integration d. task forces

b. decentralization

With a _____, separate divisions can be organized with responsibility for individual products, services, product groups, major projects or programs, divisions, businesses, or profit centers. a. functional structure b. divisional structure c. geographic structure d. hybrid structure

b. divisional structure

1. Organization design: a. encompasses larger elements that influence structural dimensions, including the organization's size, technology, environment, culture, and goals. b. gives us the tools to evaluate and understand how and why some organizations grow and succeed while others do not. c. obtains inputs from the external environment, adds value through a transformation process, and discharges products and services back to the environment. d. provides labels to describe the internal characteristics of an organization.

b. gives us the tools to evaluate and understand how and why some organizations grow and succeed while others do not.

Leo Burton is the CEO of a cigarette manufacturing company. He and his employees suffered a major loss when tobacco products were banned in his country. Leo's organization was affected by changes in the _____. a. technological environment b. government sector c. international sector d. economic environment

b. government sector

A full-time integrator: a. improves vertical linkages in an organization. b. has a title such as brand manage or product manager. c. reports to one of the functional departments being coordinated. d. has the responsibility of coordinating only one department.

b. has a title such as brand manage or product manager.

In the context of Porter's strategy model, a(n) ____ is concerned primarily with stability rather than taking risks or seeking new opportunities for innovation and growth. a. prospector strategy b. low-cost leadership strategy c. differentiation strategy d. innovation strategy

b. low-cost leadership strategy

Melissa works in the fashion industry. Her job is to research, by analyzing social media, the growing trends among youth. Her company designs and manufactures clothing based on her analysis. Melissa is a part of the _____ of the task environment. a. industry sector b. market sector c. raw material sector d. international sector

b. market sector

In the context of the competing values model, a combination of external focus and flexible structure leads to a(n) _____ where management's primary goals are growth and resource acquisition. a. rational goal emphasis b. open systems emphasis c. internal process emphasis d. human relations emphasis

b. open systems emphasis

When using the goal approach to effectiveness, it is best to use ____ goals. a. official b. operating c. strategic d. visionary

b. operating

A _____ has discretion and responsibility, allowing a person to use his or her judgment and ability to achieve an outcome or meet a goal. a. task b. role c. structure d. system

b. role

refers to technologies, skills, and processes for searching and examining massive sets of data to uncover hidden patterns and correlations. a. Scientific management b. Social business c. A social media program d. Big data analytics

d. Big data analytics

_____ means that decision authority is located near the top of the organization. a. Centralization b. Decentralization c. Joint collaboration d. Horizontal linkage

a. Centralization

_____ refers to the number of distinct departments or activities within an organization. a. Complexity b. Specialization c. Decentralization d. Formalization

a. Complexity

_____ is the degree to which an organization achieves its goals. a. Effectiveness b. Contingency c. Sustainability d. Efficiency

a. Effectiveness

_____ places together employees who perform similar functions or work processes or who bring similar knowledge and skills to bear. a. Functional grouping b. Divisional grouping c. Multi-focused grouping d. Horizontal grouping

a. Functional grouping

Pendant Inc., a retail chain based in England, has implemented an energy-efficient trucking fleet. It is increasing its use of green materials in buildings, and aims to dispose all the waste of the company by 2025. Which of the following measures is Pendant Inc. focusing its efforts on? a. Going green b. Scientific management c. Contingency d. Centralization

a. Going green

Which of the following is a weakness of a functional structure? a. It has slow response time to environmental changes. b. It restricts economies of scale within functional departments. c. It restricts in-depth knowledge and skill development. d. It restricts organizations from accomplishing functional goals.

a. It has slow response time to environmental changes.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the general environment? a. It includes those sectors that will indirectly impact a firm. b. It includes the raw materials and human resources sectors. c. It includes sectors with which the organization interacts directly. d. It includes sectors that are internally controlled by an organization.

a. It includes those sectors that will indirectly impact a firm.

_____ is the micro approach to organizations because it focuses on the individuals within organizations as the relevant units of analysis. a. Organizational behavior b. Organization design c. Organization theory d. Organizational culture

a. Organizational behavior

The matrix structure is the correct structure when three conditions are met. Which of the following is one of these three conditions? a. Pressure exists to share scarce resources across product lines. b. Technical quality is not very important. c. The environmental domain of the organization is simple. d. The environmental domain of the organization is certain and stable.

a. Pressure exists to share scarce resources across product lines.

_____ refers to frequent, timely, problem-solving communication carried out through relationships of shared goals, shared knowledge, and mutual respect. a. Relational coordination b. Departmental grouping c. Hierarchical referral d. Functional grouping

a. Relational coordination

Which of the following operating goals pertains to the acquisition of needed material and capital from the environment? a. Resource goals b. Performance goals c. Market goals d. Productivity goals

a. Resource goals

_____ means that all the organization's energies and resources are directed toward a focused, unifying, and compelling overall goal. a. Strategic intent b. The resource-based approach c. Coalitional management d. The stakeholder approach

a. Strategic intent

Which of the following is true of contingency factors? a. They describe the organizational setting that influences and shapes the structural dimensions. b. They create a basis for measuring and comparing organizations. c. They provide labels to describe the internal characteristics of an organization. d. They describe who reports to whom and the span of control for each manager.

a. They describe the organizational setting that influences and shapes the structural dimensions.

_____ are used to coordinate activities between the top and bottom of an organization and are designed primarily for control of the organization. a. Vertical linkages b. Functional groups c. Horizontal linkages d. Divisional groups

a. Vertical linkages

At Infosoft Solutions, employees are encouraged to take care of their problems by working with one another and with customers, using their discretion to make decisions. From this information, it can be understood that Infosoft Solutions is a _____ organization. a. decentralized b. centralized c. mechanistic d. bureaucratic

a. decentralized

According to Miles and Snow's strategy typology, the ____ is concerned with stability or retrenchment. a. defender strategy b. prospector strategy c. differentiation strategy d. innovation strategy

a. defender strategy

An organization's _____ is the chosen environmental field of action. a. domain b. strategy c. mission d. policy

a. domain

In _____, departments are separate organizations that are electronically connected for the sharing of information and completion of tasks. a. functional grouping b. virtual network grouping c. divisional grouping d. horizontal grouping

a. functional grouping

In a _____, activities are grouped together by common function from the bottom to the top of the organization. a. functional structure b. divisional structure c. geographic structure d. hybrid structure

a. functional structure

A _____ represents a result or end point toward which organizational efforts are directed. a. goal b. strategy c. resource d. structure

a. goal

The ____ to organizational effectiveness is concerned with the output side and whether an organization achieves its goals in terms of desired levels of output. a. goal approach b. resource-based approach c. analytical approach d. internal process approach

a. goal approach

A(n) _____ design means that an organization is much looser, free-flowing, and adaptive. a. organic b. specialized c. vertical d. mechanistic

a. organic

The highest level of horizontal coordination is: a. relational coordination. b. departmental grouping. c. hierarchical referral. d. functional grouping.

a. relational coordination.

_____ complexity is the degree to which an organization's departments and personnel are dispersed geographically. a. Spatial b. Vertical c. Lateral d. Horizontal

a. spatial

A _____ is a narrowly defined piece of work assigned to a person. a. task b. role c. job d. designation

a. task

Jason is employed at Cloover Inc. At Cloover Inc., management's primary goals are increasing the ratio of output to input, using the resources used to produce a unit of output efficiently, and generating more revenue than the expenses. Cloover Inc.'s management values are represented by _____. a. the rational goal emphasis b. the open systems emphasis c. the internal process emphasis d. the human relations emphasis

a. the rational goal emphasis

_____ primarily focus on the design and functioning of an organization as a whole. a. Structural dimensions b. Administrative principles c. Contingency factors d. Functional dimensions

b. Administrative principles

_____ involves building an alliance of people who support a manager's goals and can influence other people to accept and work toward them. a. Directive management b. Coalitional management c. Severance management d. Division management

b. Coalitional management

____ means people are organized according to what the organization produces. a. Functional grouping b. Divisional grouping c. Multifocused grouping d. Horizontal grouping

b. Divisional grouping

Which of the following is a difference between for-profit businesses and nonprofit organizations? a. Financial resources for for-profit businesses come from government appropriations, grants, and donations, while nonprofit organizations are funded by the sale of products or services to customers. b. In for-profit businesses, managers focus on improving an organization's products and services to increase sales revenues, while in nonprofit organizations, however, services are typically provided to nonpaying clients. c. For-profit businesses are committed to servicing clients with limited funds, while nonprofit organizations have access to unlimited funds to service clients. d. In for-profit businesses, services are typically provided to nonpaying clients, while in nonprofit organizations, services are typically provided to paying clients.

b. In for-profit businesses, managers focus on improving an organization's products and services to increase sales revenues, while in nonprofit organizations, however, services are typically provided to nonpaying clients.

Which of the following contingency factors will influence whether an organization is more effective with a primarily mechanistic organization design? a. Service technology b. Large size c. Adaptive culture d. Innovation strategy

b. Large size

_____ and mission statements describe a value system for an organization and set an overall purpose and vision. a. Profitability goals b. Official goals c. Operational goals d. Productivity goals

b. Official goals

Which of the following is not a key component in the definition of organization structure? a. Organization structure includes the design systems to ensure effective communication, coordination, and integration of effort across departments. b. Organization structure identifies the tasks, functions, and processes for each department and position within the organization. c. Organization structure identifies the grouping together of individuals into departments and of departments into the total organization. d. Organization structure designates formal reporting relationships, including the number of levels in the hierarchy and the span of control of managers and supervisors.

b. Organization structure identifies the tasks, functions, and processes for each department and position within the organization.

_____ is the degree to which organizational tasks are subdivided into separate jobs. a. Centralization b. Specialization c. Decentralization d. Formalization

b. Specialization

Which of the following describes an organization's shared values and beliefs and its reason for being? a. Strategy b. The mission c. Policy d. Procedure

b. The mission

_____ complexity is the number of levels in the hierarchy of an organization. a. Spatial b. Vertical c. Lateral d. Horizontal

b. Vertical

Which of the following contingency factors will influence whether an organization is more effective with a primarily organic design? a. Manufacturing technology b. Stable environment c. Adaptive culture d. Efficiency strategy

c. Adaptive culture

_____ encompass larger elements that influence structural dimensions, including an organization's size, technology, environment, culture, and goals. a. Functional dimensions b. Administrative principles c. Contingency factors d. Structural dimensions

c. Contingency factors

_____ describes who reports to whom and the span of control for each manager. a. Organizational technology b. Scientific management c. Hierarchy of authority d. Administrative principles

c. Hierarchy of authority

Which of the following types of communication is emphasized by organic organizations? a. Lateral communication b. Spatial communication c. Horizontal communication d. Vertical communication

c. Horizontal communication

_____ pertain to internal flexibility and readiness to adapt to unexpected changes in the environment. a. Market goals b. Profitability goals c. Innovation goals d. Productivity goals

c. Innovation goals

Which of the following approaches is most likely to be used when one is measuring work climate, group loyalty, and worker-management communication as measures of effectiveness? a. Quality control approach b. External process approach c. Internal process approach d. Stakeholder approach

c. Internal process approach

Which of the following is true of a functional structure? a. It reacts quickly to environmental changes. b. It has a strong need for horizontal coordination. c. It often results in hierarchy overload. d. It cannot work in small organizations.

c. It often results in hierarchy overload.

_____ means an organization embraces two or more structural grouping alternatives simultaneously. a. Functional grouping b. Divisional grouping c. Multifocused grouping d. Horizontal grouping

c. Multifocused grouping

_____ refers to the tools, techniques, and actions used to transform inputs into outputs. a. Organization design b. Organizational performance c. Organizational technology d. Organizational behavior

c. Organizational technology

Which of the following is true of effective information sharing in an organization? a. Information should be shared vertically, but not horizontally. b. Vertical linkages are designed primarily for coordination and collaboration. c. The structure should fit the information requirements of the organization. d. It is not possible to give people a lot of information.

c. The structure should fit the information requirements of the organization.

Which of the following is true of full-time integrators? a. They have a lot of authority but little responsibility. b. They communicate with and are responsible for one department. c. They need excellent people skills. d. They are usually a part of the team being coordinated.

c. They need excellent people skills.

Which of the following strategies includes periodic reports, written information, and computer-based communications? a. Rules and plans b. Task forces c. Vertical information systems d. Hierarchical referral

c. Vertical information systems

According to Miles and Snow's strategy typology, the ____ tries to maintain a stable business while innovating on the periphery. a. reactor strategy b. prospector strategy c. analyzer strategy d. defender strategy

c. analyzer strategy

A company's _____ refers to something an organization does especially well in comparison to its competitors. a. strategic intent b. mission statement c. core competence d. balanced scorecard

c. core competence

The two value dimensions of the competing values model are the: a. internal and external environment of an organization. b. low-cost leadership and differentiation strategies. c. focus and structure of an organization. d. productivity strategies of an organization.

c. focus and structure of an organization.

In the context of the competing values model, the primary outcome of the ____ is a stable organizational setting that maintains itself in an orderly way. a. rational goal emphasis b. open systems emphasis c. internal process emphasis d. human relations emphasis

c. internal process emphasis

The _____ is a part of the task environment because of globalization and intense competition. a. government sector b. technology sector c. international sector d. natural sector

c. international sector

The overall goal for an organization is also called the: a. operating goal. b. decision guideline. c. mission. d. strategy.

c. mission.

Subzero Enterprises is a publishing company based in the United States of America. The company has 70 employees. Information flows in all directions within and across departments and hierarchical levels. The rules and regulations at Subzero Enterprises are flexibly applied. Subzero Enterprises follows a(n) _____ design. a. vertical b. specialized c. organic d. mechanistic

c. organic

Organizational _____ is the degree to which an organization realizes its goals. a. efficiency b. adaptability c. productivity d. effectiveness

c. productivity

The two ways in which the environment influences organizations are the need for information about changes in the environment and: a. the need for opposition from the environment. b. the need for information about future requirements of customers. c. the need for resources from the environment. d. the need for information about competitors' activities.

c. the need for resources from the environment.

The sociocultural sector of an organization is concerned with issues such as: a. the impact of the company's products and policies on the environment. b. strategies to be undertaken in times of adverse economic conditions. c. the working conditions of workers hired by contractors. d. trending issues on social media sites.

c. the working conditions of workers hired by contractors.

_____ emphasize designing and managing organizations on an impersonal, rational basis through such elements as clearly defined authority and responsibility, formal record-keeping, and uniform application of standard rules. a. Structural dimensions b. Administrative principles c. Contingency factors d. Bureaucratic organizations

d. Bureaucratic organizations

_____ refers to what sets an organization apart from others and provides it with a distinctive edge for meeting customer or client needs in the marketplace. a. Operational plan b. A social construct c. The mission statement d. Competitive advantage

d. Competitive advantage

_____ refers to the amount of resources used to achieve an organization's goals. a. Effectiveness b. Contingency c. Sustainability d. Efficiency

d. Efficiency

_____ pertains to the training, promotion, safety, and growth of individuals working in an organization. a. Market share b. Innovation c. Industrial expansion d. Employee development

d. Employee development

Which of the following is not a symptom of structural deficiency? a. Decision making is delayed or lacking quality. b. The organization does not respond innovatively to a changing environment. c. There is an absence of collaboration among units. d. Employees begin to resign in large numbers.

d. Employees begin to resign in large numbers.

_____ pertains to the amount of written documentation in an organization. a. Centralization b. Specialization c. Decentralization d. Formalization

d. Formalization

_____ means employees are organized around core work processes, the end-to-end work, information, and material flows that provide value directly to customers. a. Functional grouping b. Divisional grouping c. Multifocused grouping d. Horizontal grouping

d. Horizontal grouping

Which of the following is a strength of a functional structure? a. It has fast response time to environmental changes. b. It leads to excellent horizontal coordination among departments. c. It results in more innovation. d. It allows economies of scale within functional departments.

d. It allows economies of scale within functional departments.

Which of the following is true of a divisional structure? a. It is also known as chain of command. b. It is also called a U-form (unitary) structure. c. It is a centralized structural form. d. It is used to promote flexibility and change.

d. It is used to promote flexibility and change.

_____ describe specific measurable outcomes and are often concerned with the short run. a. Official goals b. Visionary goals c. Strategic goals d. Operating goals

d. Operating goals

Which of the following is a difference between organization design and organizational behavior? a. Organization design focuses on individuals within organizations, while organizational behavior analyzes the whole organization as a unit. b. Organization design is concerned with cognitive and emotional differences among people within organizations, while organizational behavior is concerned with the differences in structure and behavior at the organization level of analysis. c. Organization design is concerned with lower management, while organizational behavior is concerned with top- and middle-management. d. Organization design might be considered the sociology of organizations, while organizational behavior is the psychology of organizations.

d. Organization design might be considered the sociology of organizations, while organizational behavior is the psychology of organizations.

Which of the following is true of relational coordination? a. Relational coordination is the lowest level of horizontal coordination. b. Relational coordination is the first device in the variety of structural devices to achieve vertical linkage. c. Relational coordination provides a standard information source enabling employees to be coordinated without actually communicating about every task. d. Relational coordination is not a device or mechanism like other elements, but rather is part of the very fabric and culture of the organization.

d. Relational coordination is not a device or mechanism like other elements, but rather is part of the very fabric and culture of the organization.

_____ provide labels to describe the internal characteristics of an organization. a. Functional dimensions b. Administrative principles c. Contingency factors d. Structural dimensions

d. Structural dimensions

_____ refers to economic development that generates wealth and meets the needs of the current generation while saving the environment so future generations can meet their needs as well. a. Centralization b. Formalization c. Contingency d. Sustainability

d. Sustainability

Which of the following is true of teams? a. Teams tend to be the weakest horizontal linkage mechanism. b. Teams are the first device in a variety of structural devices to achieve vertical linkage. c. Teams provide a standard information source enabling employees to be coordinated without actually communicating about every task. d. Teams are often used in conjunction with a full-time integrator.

d. Teams are often used in conjunction with a full-time integrator.

Which of the following types of communication is emphasized by mechanistic organizations? a. Lateral communication b. Spatial communication c. Horizontal communication d. Vertical communication

d. Vertical communication

A liaison role exists when: a. there is direct contact between managers affected by a problem. b. there is an exchange of paperwork during a hiring process. c. a temporary committee composed of representatives from each department affected by a problem is formed. d. a person located in one department has the responsibility for communicating and achieving coordination with another department.

d. a person located in one department has the responsibility for communicating and achieving coordination with another department.

The _____ tries to balance a concern with various parts of an organization rather than focusing on one part. a. internal process model b. rational goal model c. open systems model d. competing values model

d. competing values model

Besides dynamism and abundance, the third dimension that contributes to the changes in an organization's environment is _____. a. transparency b. hierarchy c. variability d. complexity

d. complexity

In the context of Porter's strategy model, a(n) ____ can reduce rivalry with competitors and fight off the threat of substitute products because customers are loyal to a company's brand. a. low-cost leadership strategy b. consolidative strategy c. integration strategy d. differentiation strategy

d. differentiation strategy

Percy developed a new accounting system which processed data that was previously computed by ten accountants. As a result, the new technology replaced ten employees. Due to Percy's innovation, the technological sector impacted the _____ of the organization. a. external environment b. international environment c. global environment d. general environment

d. general environment

The overall design of organization structure indicates all of the following except: a. work activities. b. reporting relationships. c. departmental groupings. d. information systems.

d. information systems.

The resource-based approach to effectiveness emphasizes the: a. sales targets of an organization. b. output of an organization. c. achievement of profitability. d. input into an organization.

d. input into an organization.

The term _____ means the redesign of a vertical organization along its horizontal workflows and processes. a. vertical linkage b. vertical network grouping c. innovating d. reengineering

d. reengineering

In Miles and Snow's strategy typology, the prospector strategy: a. attempts to maintain a stable business environment by finding a middle ground between stability and innovation. b. most closely resembles Porter's low-cost leadership strategy. c. responds to environmental threats in an ad hoc fashion without revealing a clear strategy. d. seeks innovation or risk taking and is therefore best suited to a dynamic environment.

d. seeks innovation or risk taking and is therefore best suited to a dynamic environment.

Organizational effectiveness is a _____, meaning that it is created and defined by an individual or group rather than existing independently in the external world. a. strategic intent b. core competence c. competitive advantage d. social construct

d. social construct

A _____ is a plan for interacting with the competitive environment to achieve organizational goals. a. vision statement b. mission statement c. policy d. strategy

d. strategy

A fast food chain in the United States, Simpson's Kitchen, got its supply of chicken from a local farm. Its business was adversely affected when the country faced an epidemic of bird flu. The epidemic adversely affected Simpson's Kitchen's _____. a. international environment b. general environment c. global environment d. task environment

d. task environment

A(n) _____ is a group that is made up of organizationally or geographically dispersed members who are linked primarily through advanced information and communications technologies. a. vertical linkage b. functional department c. organizational committee d. virtual team

d. virtual team