MGMT
organizational threats 169
...environmental factors that hinder an organization's achieving a competitive advantage.
organizational opportunities 169
...environmental factors that the organization may exploit for competitive advantage.
forecast 171
...is a vision of projection of the future.
A parochial manager is able to consider decisions and events from a variety of viewpoints
FALSE
Douglas McGregor was one of the pioneers of early behaviorism.
FALSE
Fredrick Taylor and the Gilbreths were proponents of which of the following?
Scientific management
In general, organizations become more bureaucratic over their lifetimes
TRUE
In order for MBO to be successful, it must be implemented throughout the entire organization
TRUE
The reasons that companies expand internationally typically have to do with making or saving money.
TRUE
The recent recession has caused an increasing number of Americans to look for work overseas
TRUE
Turnover rates are higher among managers returning from overseas assignments than for those who do not go abroad.
TRUE
ethical dilemma
situation in which you have to decide whether to pursue a course of action that may benefit you or your organization but that is unethical or even illegal
stakeholders
the people whose interests are affected by an organization's activities.
Inputs
the people, money, information, equipment, and materials required to produce an organization's goods or services whatever goes into a system
quality assurance
the performance of workers, urging employees to strive for zero defects less successful bc employees don't have complete control over the design of the work process
Which of the following is a generation in the United States that belongs entirely to the mature market?
the pre-Depression generation
Milton Friedman would have agreed with which of the following statements about social responsibility?
A company will become distracted from its task to maximize profits when it practices social responsibility.
An analytical decision-making style reflects a person who is ______ in his value orientation and ______ in his tolerance for ambiguity. A. task/technical; high B. task/technical; low C. people/social; high D. people/social; low E. managerial; low
A. task/technical; high
Initiating Structure
According to the Ohio State studies, leaders with this behavior that organize and define what group members should be doing
__________ was concerned with managing the total organization and was pioneered by Fayol and Weber.
Administrative management
Human skills are important for ________ managers.
All levels of
star, (In the BCG matrix, stars have high growth and high market share, and are definite keepers)
Amazon's Kindle has a very high percentage of the market for eBook readers, and this is also a quickly growing market. Thus, using the BCG matrix, the Kindle would be classified as a
Which of the following is NOT one of the principles proposed by Fredrick Taylor to eliminate soldiering?
Apply rule-of-thumb methods to the study of the task
The contemporary perspective includes which of the following viewpoints? A. Behavioral B. Systems C. Quantitative D. Classical E. Rational
B. Systems
The arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people is called an organization's A. coordinated effort. B. work specialization. C. span of control. D. chain of command. E. matrix division.
B. work specialization
When a company allows a foreign firm to pay it a fee to make or distribute the first company's product or service it is called A. outsourcing. B. franchising. C. licensing. D. countertrading. E. a joint venture.
C. licensing.
__________, an important stakeholder group, pay to use an organization's goods and services.
Customers
The management process includes which of the following management functions? A) advising B) innovating C) implementing D) organizing E) discovering
D) organizing
Good job design requires matching the level of responsibility to the level of A. liability. B. dependability. C. delegation. D. authority. E. position power.
D. authority
Good job design requires matching the level of responsibility to the level of A. liability. B. dependability. C. delegation. D. authority. E. position power.
D. authority.
Goodwill Industries, a charity that provides training and employment services to the disabled, is which type of organization? A. Clan B. For-profit C. Mutual-benefit D. Nonprofit E. Market
D. nonprofit
The activities and ceremonies, planned and unplanned, that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments in the organization's life are known as A. myths. B. stories. C. conventions. D. rites and rituals. E. values.
D. rites and rituals
The most significant flaw in the classical viewpoint is that it...
Discounts the importance of human needs.
The ______ viewpoint sees organizations as entities made up of interrelated parts known as inputs, outputs, transformation processes, and feedback. A. classical B. closed loop C. contingency D. quality-management E. systems
E. systems
Which of the following is a factor that helps participative management work?
Employees trust managers.
To inspire innovation, Jinyuan encourages his employees to devote one afternoon a month to work on pet projects, just to spend time in the lab experimenting and thinking freely. He is acting in the ______ role.
Entrepreneur
_________ means taking risks to try to create a new enterprise.
Entrepreneurship
Organizationwide, the best structure for objectives in MBO is known as a diversity pattern
FALSE
The GLOBE project is a large, ongoing effort to find technological improvements to assist world trade.
FALSE
The Mercosur is composed of countries in southeast Asia
FALSE
The fit perspective assumes that the most effective cultures help organizations anticipate and adapt to environmental changes
FALSE
The four stages of organization life cycle include birth, growth, stability, and maturity
FALSE
Joseph Juran defined quality as ________, which meant that a product or service should satisfy a customer's real needs.
Fitness for use
Who was known as "the father of industrial psychology"?
Frederick Taylor
The concept of a "flat" world means...
Globalization has leveled the playing field for emerging economies.
Last summer a representative of OSHA, the agency responsible for enforcing health and safety regulations, visited one of Emilio's construction sites and his company, Gutierrez Construction, was fined for several violations. To this company, OSHA represents a ______, part of an organizations' ______.
Government regulator; general environment
escalation of commitment, (You need to be aware of the escalation of commitment bias, whereby decision makers increase their commitment to a project despite negative information about it.)
Having just spent $1500 for a new engine for his old car, Raimundo now learns his transmission needs to be replaced. Raimundo decides to junk the car now, rather than repair it. Raimundo has avoided the __________ bias.
Which of the following is not a part of Frederick Taylors's work in scientific management?
Hierarchy of human needs
Research has shown that all of the following are characteristics of an entrepreneur except which?
Highly experienced
Classical, behavioral, and quantitative viewpoints about management are collectively referred to as the ________ perspective.
Historical
Early Beahviorists
Hugo Munsterberg Mary Parker Follet Elton Mayo-hawthorne effect
______ skills consist of the ability to work well in cooperation with other people to get things done.
Human
360 Degree Appraisal
In some companies, employees receive assessments from their manager, peers, subordinates, and customers, while also performing a self assessment. This is known as
Economic forces consist of the general economic conditions and trends—unemployment, inflation, interest rates, economic growth—that may affect an organization's performance.
Inflation is an example of ______ forces in an organization's general environment.
Marcus works on an assembly line for a U.S. automobile manufacturer. He would be considered a(n) ______ of this system.
Input
The belief that you control your own destiny is called
Internal Locus of Control
The belief that you control your own destiny is called...
Internal locus of control
market culture
Kia Motors takes a very aggressive stance to fire executives who don't meet sales goals. This is an example of which type of culture?
The general environment of an organization is also known as its ________.
Macroenvironment
One way to think of ______ is "the art of getting things done through people."
Management
The pursuit of organizational goals efficiently and effectively by integrating the work of people through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the organization's resources is called ________.
Management
Matt has developed a mathematical model for the film distribution company that employs him. The model will help in determining release dates and the desirable number of screens for new movies. This model is an application of...
Management science
Who proposed the hierarchy of human needs as a theory of motivation?
Maslow
The trading block of which Brazil and Argentina are part is called:
Mercosur.
Managers who implement the policies and plans determined at the highest levels and coordinate the activities of lowest-level managers are called ________.
Middle managers
A commonweal organization offers services to a more complete group of clients than other types of ________ organizations.
Nonprofit
A(n) _______ system continually interacts with its environment.
Open
Curran Investments has had a very profitable year in its business of providing financial advice. The profit would be considered a(n) ______ of the system.
Output
People who can claim an organization as their legal property are called ________.
Owners
Research on the effects of participative management (PM) on employees' performance and satisfaction indicates that
PM has a small positive effect on both.
Setting goals and deciding how to achieve them is called ______.
Planning
setting goals and deciding how to achieve them
Planning is defined as
______ is the illegal buying or selling of a company's stock by people using confidential company information.
Postconventional
referent power
Power deriving from one's personal attraction is called
Which of the following is not one of the principles proposed by Fredrick Taylor to eliminate soldiering?
Reward employees equally and consistently.
_____ emphasized the scientific study of work methods to improve productivity of individual workers
Scientific management
______ emphasized the scientific study of work methods to improve productivity of individual workers.
Scientific management
Behavioral science relies on __________ for developing theories about human behavior that can help managers.
Scientific research
The term learning organization was coined by ______.
Senge
ethics, (Ethics are the standards of right and wrong that influence behavior.)
Standards of right and wrong that influence behavior are known as
A person with a directive decision style is efficient, logical, practical, and systematic in her approach to solving problems
TRUE
A U.S. paper mill purchases wood from a Canadian logging company to make wood pulp in its production of paper, so in this case the logging company is a __________.
Supplier
Economic development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs is known as ______.
Sustainability
The contemporary perspective includes which of the following viewpoints?
Systems
According to the GLOBE project, the United States is among the countries highest in the cultural dimension of performance orientation.
TRUE
Air travel and electronic media have made the global village phenomenon possible.
TRUE
Among Mary Parker Follett's most important contributions to management was her belief that conflicts within organization should be resolved to mutual satisfaction through a process called integration.
TRUE
Analytics have been used in baseball and basketball to find undervalued players that could help teams that had limited resources to pay superstars
TRUE
Analyzing the underlying causes of a problem or an opportunity is called diagnosis
TRUE
Free trade is the movement of goods and services among nations without political or economic obstruction
TRUE
Mexico is part of NAFTA
TRUE
One way to avoid a tariff is to create a subsidiary to produce the product in the foreign country imposing that tariff
TRUE
Organizational culture can vary widely across organizations on dimensions of treatment of employees, teamwork, and risk taking
TRUE
When Pfizer Pharmaceuticals manages failure and disappointment and helps drug researchers live for the small victories in discovering new drugs for various diseases, it is focusing on the adhocracy aspects of its culture
TRUE
______ skills consist of the job-specific knowledge needed to perform well in a specialized field.
Technical
growth, stability, and defensive
The common grand strategies are
reliability
The degree to which a test measures the same thing consistently is known as its
The primary measure of success of a nonprofit organization is typically...
The effectiveness of the services delivered.
mission statement, (A mission statement expresses the purpose of the organization.)
The statement which expresses the purpose of an organization is called a(n)
income statement
This financial statement shows revenues and expenses over time
In labor disputes, hourly workers are typically represented by ________, while salaried workers are represented by professional associations.
Unions
Which of the following is not a component of TQM?
Urge employees to strive to "zero effect".
The __________ is designed to monitor and enforce trade agreements.
WTO
ethical dilemma
a situation in which you have to decide whether to pursue a course of action that may benefit you or your organization but that is unethical or even illegal.
Geocentric managers
accept that there are differences and similarities between home and foreign personnel and practices that they should use whatever techniques are most effective
__________ was concerned with managing the total organization and was pioneered by Fayol and Weber.
administrative management
Internal dimensions of diversity
are those human differences that exert a powerful, sustained effect throughout every stage of our lives: gender, age, ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, physical abilities
A group of persons who have experienced a common social, political, historical, and economic environment is known as a(n) _____ or a generation
age cohort
contingency planning 171
also know as scenario planning and scenario analysis - is the creation of alternative hypothetical but equally likely future conditions.
Deferring judgment, building on the ideas of others, and encouraging wild ideas are suggestions to improve
brainstorming
There are four stages in the _________ model of decision making, the first of which is to identify the problem or opportunity.
classical
An ethical _________ represents employee's perceptions about the extent to which work environments support ethical behavior.
climate
internal stakeholders
consist of employees, owners, and the board of directors, if any.
Monitoring performance, comparing it with goals, and taking corrective action as needed is the management function known as
controlling
monitering performance and taking corrective action as needed is called
controlling
Monitoring performance and taking corrective action as needed is called
controlling.
The system of governing a company so that the interests of corporate owners and other stakeholders are protected is known as
corporate governance
A company that barters goods for other goods is involved in
countertrading
Inflation is an example of ______ forces in an organization's general environment.
economic
While segmenting a market according to age groups, it is important to keep in mind that people often
feel younger than their chronological age
Customers prefer meat that is labeled as "85% lean" instead of "15% fat," though both are technically the same. This is an example of a(n) ________ bias.
framing
A ____ manager is responsible for just one organizational activity.
functional
closed system
has little interaction with the environment, recieves little feedback classical management considers and organization a ________ __________
intrapreneur
has same ideas and motivations but uses them within a company
Munsterberg
his ideas lead to the field of industrial psych, the study of human behavior in workplaces
according to the GLOBE project, power distance is
how much the people of a society expect power to be unequally shared
In the context of the income factor of demographics, subjective discretionary income measures
how wealthy a person feels while making a purchase
middle managers
implement the policies and plans of the top managers above them and supervise and coordinate the activities of the first-line managers below them
Cole purchases handcrafted marble containers and decorator pieces in India and brings them to the U.S. to sell in his retail store. He is involved in
importing.
Which of the following is a practice by which countries try to exert trade protectionism?
imposing import quotas
How much pride and loyalty people should have for their family or organization is a cultural dimension in the GLOBE project known as
in-group collectivism
Finding ways to deliver new or better goods or services is called
innovation
The ________ is designed to assist in smoothing the flow of money between nations, often operating as a last-resort lender to some.
international monetary fund
Four parts of a system
inputs, outputs, transformation processes, feedback
______ is the illegal buying or selling of a company's stock by people using confidential company information.
insider trading
An organization's board of directors is part of its ______ environment.
internal
Total quality management (TQM)
is a comprehensive approach—led by top management and supported throughout the organization—dedicated to continuous quality improvement, training, and customer satisfaction.
social responsibility
is a manager's duty to take actions that will benefit the interests of society as well as of the organization.
distributors
is a person or an organization that helps another organization sell its goods and services to customers.
whistle-blower
is an employee who reports organizational misconduct to the public
learning organization
is an organization that actively creates, acquires, and transfers knowledge within itself and is able to modify its behavior to reflect new knowledge
ethical behavior
is behavior that is accepted as "right" as opposed to "wrong" according to those standards.
competitive advantage
is the ability of an organization to produce goods or services more effectively than competitors do, thereby outperforming them.
ethnocentrism
is the belief that one's native country, culture, language, abilities, or behavior is superior to that of another culture.
Which of the following is true of the classical viewpoint of management?
it is concerned with improving efficiency
34. Organizations that actively create, acquire, and transfer knowledge within themselves and are able to modify their behavior to reflect this new knowledge are called __________ organizations.
learning
Creating, acquiring, and transferring knowledge are among the required activities for
learning organizations
______ are in an organization's external task environment.
lenders
The American ____ class is characterized by very low incomes, minimal education, and long periods of unemployment, being the primary recipient of government support.
lower-lower
MBO stands for
management by objectives
who proposed the hierarchy of human needs as a theory of motivation?
maslow
competitive intelligence 167
means gaining information about one's competitor's activities so that you can anticipate their moves and react appropriately.
evidence-based management
means translating principles based on evidence into organizational practice, bringing rationality to the decision making process facing the facts about what works and what doesn't (Jeffery Pfeffer and Robert Sutton)
The accomplishment of low-level goals leads to the accomplishment of high-level goals, so the hierarchy may be called a(n)
means-end chain
Will is thinking about joining a professional organization for accountants since he was recently hired at a prestigious firm and his dues will be paid. This is an example of a(n) ______ organization.
mutual-benefit
An American social class that consists of highly paid blue-collar workers and white-collar workers who usually have some college education and an average income is the ____ class
middle
Managers who implement the policies and plans determined at the highest levels and coordinate the activities of lowest-level managers are called
middle managers
Parochialism
narrow view in which people see things solely through their own view
A polycentric manager believes that
native managers in foreign offices best understand native personnel and practices.
A commonweal organization offers services to a more complete group of clients than other types of ________ organization
non-profit
owners
of an organization consist of all those who can claim it as their legal property
The purpose of a nonprofit organization is to:
offer services to some clients
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
often shortened to SarbOx or SOX, established requirements for proper financial record keeping for public companies and penalties of as much as 25 years in prison for noncompliance
virtual organization
organization whos members are geographically apart, usually working with email, collaborative computing, and other computer connections-while often appearing to customers as a single unified organization
When administrators of a college are determining whether to hire more full-time instructors or possibly more part-time ones, they are engaged in
organizing
Which of the following is one of the four principal functions of management, also known as the management process?
organizing
policy
outlines the general response to a designated problem or situation
Justifications for cheating are mainly
personal and emotional
Google made a pledge to investors when it went public to reserve 1% of its profit and equity to "make the world a better place." This is an example of corporate
philanthropy.
project
plan of less scope and complexity than a program
setting goals and deciding how to achieve them is called
planning
Functions of management
planning, leading, organizing, controlling
According to Kohlberg, the highest level of personal moral development is
postconventional
Tanya is a new manager, and she is always threatening her employees with a variety of punishments in order to get them to follow the rules. The level of personal moral development at which Tanya is operating is the ______ level according to Kohlberg.
preconventional
Hodgson's general moral principles for managers help to ensure that their decisions are
principled, appropriate, and defensible.
Engineering
producing and delivering the products
A single-use plan encompassing a range of projects or activities is a(n)
program
Human relations movement
proposed better human relations could increase worker productivity
quality
refers to the total ability of a product or service to meet customer needs.
Self-fulfilling prophecy
reflects on how workers respond to managers and the type of worker they will be reflects on how they are rested or seen
government regulators
regulatory agencies that establish ground rules under which organizations may operate
A duty imposed on imported goods designed simply to raise money for the government is known as a(n
revenue tariff
supplier
s a person or an organization that provides supplies—that is, raw materials, services, equipment, labor, or energy—to other organizations.
functional managers
s responsible for just one organizational activity.
The tendency of a group to settle on a decision that is "good enough" is called
satisficing.
Both Taylor and the Gilbreths conducted motion studies as a part of their efforts in ________ management.
scientific
The term learning organization was coined by
senge
operational goals
set by and for first line managers and are concerned with short term matters associated with realizing tactical goals
tactical goals
set by and for middle managers and focus on the actions needed to achieve strategic goals
strategic goals
set by and for top management and focus on objectives for the organization as a whole
Planning
set goals and decide how to achieve the
A manager's duty to take actions that will benefit the interests of society as well as of the organization is known as
social responsibility
Engaging in ______ can give businesses a favorable public image and may even help head off government regulation.
social responsibility
A person's position in society that is relative to others and is based on one or more dimensions valued by society is known as
societal rank
________ forces are influences and trends originating in human relationships and values that may affect an organization
sociocultural
ethics
standards of right and wrong that influence behavior
An individual is said to have a high degree of ______ when he or she is consistent on all status dimensions that are valued by a society
status crystallization
quality control
strategy for minimizing errors by managing each stage of production developed by Walter Shewart-used statistical sampling to locate errors
A consumer's estimate of how much money is available to spend on nonessentials is known as
subjective discretionary income
Economic development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs is known as?
sustainability
The economic development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs is known as
sustainablility
The ______ viewpoint sees organizations as entities made up of interrelated parts known as inputs, outputs, transformation processes, and feedback.
systems
The contemporary perspective includes which of the following viewpoints?
systems
________ goals are set by and for middle managers and focus on the actions needed to achieve ________ goals.
tactical;strategic
A generation in the United States born between the end of World War II and 1964 and was characterized by high birthrates is
the baby boom generation
Employees, owners, and ______ are an organization's internal stakeholders.
the board of directors
Diversity
the differences and similarities in age, gender, race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, capabilities, and socioeconomic background
social captial
the economic or productive potential of strong, trusting, and cooperative relationships
Why are demographics frequently used by marketers?
to segment and describe their market
A ______ is a foreign subsidiary that is totally owned and controlled by an organization.
wholly owned subsidiary
Barriers to International Trade
1. tariffs: customs duty, or tax, levied mainly on imports 2. import quotas: limits on number of a product that can be imported 3. embargos: complete ban on the import or export of certain products
Define Management
1. the pursuit of organizational goals and efficiently and effectively by 2. integrating the work of people through (get them to work together) 3. planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the organization's resources
Four Approaches to Deciding Ethical Dilemmas
1. utilitarian: guided by what will result in the greatest good for the greatest number of people 2. individual: guide by what will result in the individual's best long term interest, which ultimately are in everyone's self-interest 3. moral-rights: guided by respect for the fundamental rights of human beings 4. justice: guided by respect for impartial standards of fairness and equity
In the traditional management pyramid, managers are classified into ______ levels.
3
in the traditional management pyramid manager are classified into
3 levels
Define 5 forces model
5 things that can determine your success in an industry 1.barriers to entry 2. buyer power 3. supplier power 4. close substitutes 5. competitive rivalry
Deming proposed that when something goes wrong, chances are __________ that the system is at fault, and __________ that the individual worker is at fault.
85%; 15%
licensing (In licensing, a company allows a foreign company to pay it a fee to make or distribute the first company's product or service)
A company allows a foreign firm to pay it a fee to make or distribute the first company's product or service. This is called
Which of the following is an example of an external stakeholder for the department store chain Macy's?
A customer who purchases a mattress at Macy's.
business plan 156
A document that outlines a proposed firm's goals, the strategy for achieving them, and the standards for measuring success.
an organization, (An organization is a group of people who work together to achieve some specific purpose)
A group of people who work together to achieve some specific purpose is/are called
strategic control 166
...consists of monitoring the execution of strategy and making adjustments, if necessary.
related diversification 176
...in which an organization under one ownership operates separate businesses that are related to one another.
growth strategy 164
...is a grand strategy that involves expansion - as in sales revenues, market share, number of employees, or number of customers or (for nonprofits) clients served.
stability strategy 164
...is a grand strategy that involves little or no significant change.
trend analysis 171
...is a hypothetical extension of a past series of events into the future.
strategy 156
...is a large-scale action plan that sets the direction for an organization.
strategic management 156
...is a process that involves managers from all parts of the organization in the formulation and the implementation of strategies and strategic goals.
scenario analysis 171
...is the creation of alternative hypothetical but equally likely future conditions. Also know as contingency planning or scenario planning.
strategy formulation 165
...is the process of choosing among different strategies and altering them to best fit the organization's needs.
focused-differentiation strategy 175
...is to offer products or services that are of unique and superior value compared to those of competitors and to target a narrow market.
unrelated diversification 176
...operating several businesses under one ownership that are not related to one another.
strategy implementation 165
...putting strategic plans into effect.
Porter's model for industry analysis 173
...that business-level strategies originate in five primary competitive forces in the firm's environment: (1) threats of new entrants, (2) bargaining power of suppliers, (3) bargaining power of buyers, (4) threats of substitute products or services, and (5) rivalry among competitors.
organizational weakness 169
...the drawbacks that hinder an organization in executing strategies in pursuit of its mission.
synergy 177
...the economic value of separate, related businesses under one ownership and management is greater together than the businesses are worth separately.
grand strategy 163
...which after an assessment of current organizational performance, then explains how the organization's mission is to be accomplished.
Which of the following statements about Xer women are true?
1. Xer women are more highly educated than men 2. Xer women have felt empowered to engage in home improvement projects
The Four Principal Functions
(1) Planning (2) Organizing (3) Leading (4) Controlling
This means an organization must stay ahead in four areas:
(1) being responsive to customers, (2) innovation, (3) quality, and (4) efficiency.
Rewards of Studying Management
(1)Understand how to deal with organizations. (2)Understand how to relate to your supervisors. (3)Understand how to interact with co-workers. (4)Understand how to manage yourself in the workplace.
Rewards of Practicing Management
(1)You and your employees can experience a sense of accomplishment. (2)You can stretch your abilities and magnify your range. (3)You can build a catalog of successful products or services.
Most Valued Traits in Managers
(1)motivate and engage others (2)communicate (3) work experience outside the United States. (4)High energy levels to meet the demands of global travel and a 24/7 world.
Five Positive Burecratic Features
1. a well-defined hierarchy of authority 2. formal rules and procedures 3. a clear division of labor 4. impersonality 5. careers based on merit
Why do Companies Expand Internationally?
1. availability of supplies 2. new markets 3. lower labor costs 4. access to finance capital 5. avoidance of tariffs & import quotas
human relations movement
(behavioral viewpoint) better human relations can increase worker productivity Abraham Maslow and Douglas McGregor
beahvioral science
(behavioral viewpoint) relies on scientific research for developing theories about human behavior that can be used to provide practical tools for managers -psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics
Administrative Management
(classical view) concerned with managing the total organization Henri Fayol-first to identify all the fuctions of management (planning organizing leading and controlling) Max Weber
Operations Management
(quantitative view) focuses on managing the production and delivery of an organization's products or services more effectively through rational management of resources and distribution of goods and services, _____ helps ensure that business operations are efficient and effective
Management Science
(quantitative view) focuses on using mathematics to aid in problem solving and decision making stresses rational, science based techniques and mathematical models to improve decision making and strategic planning sometimes called operations research
Which of the following is not one of the principles proposed by Fredrick Taylor to eliminate soldiering? A. Give workers the training and incentives to do the task properly. B. Carefully select workers with the right abilities for the task. C. Study each part of the task scientifically. D. Reward employees equally and consistently. E. Use scientific principles to plan the work methods.
D. Reward employees equally and consistently.
Which of the following is one of the nonrational models of decision making? A. Boundary B. Classical C. Goal displacement D. Satisficing E. Attitudinal
D. Satisficing
The term learning organization was coined by A. Shewart. B. Deming. C. Juran. D. Senge. E. Mayo.
D. Senge.
Managers tend to give more weight to more recent behavior. This is due to the A. heuristic bias. B. halo effect. C. recency effect. D. availability bias. E. representativeness bias.
D. availability bias.
A company that is producing goods domestically and sells them outside the country is involved in A. countertrading. B. outsourcing. C. importing. D. exporting. E. franchising.
D. exporting.
A polycentric manager believes that A. organizations should maximize the number of managers from different countries in foreign operations. B. her country and culture are superior. C. managers in foreign countries should follow corporate procedures. D. native managers in foreign offices best understand native personnel and practices. E. managers in foreign countries should use whatever techniques are most effective.
D. native managers in foreign offices best understand native personnel and practices.
A duty imposed on imported goods designed simply to raise money for the government is known as a(n) A. protective tariff. B. income quota. C. income embargo. D. revenue tariff. E. import quota.
D. revenue tariff.
Give at least four reasons that it is difficult to use evidence-based decision making
Despite your best intentions, it's hard to bring the best evidence to bear on your decisions. Among the reasons: (1) There's too much evidence. (2) There's not enough good evidence. (3) The evidence doesn't quite apply. (4) People are trying to mislead you. (5) You are trying to mislead you. (6) The side effects outweigh the cure. (7) Stories are more persuasive, anyway
Colin takes notes at executive council meetings and prepares summaries to present to middle managers and supervisors at a monthly meeting. This task is part of a(n) _______ role.
Disseminator
For convenience, you purchase tickets to see the Black Keys through StubHub rather than from the venue itself. In this case, StubHub acts as a __________.
Distributer
Which of the following statements regarding workplace diversity is true? A) The earnings gap between men and women no longer exists. B) Whites have the highest median income. C) Unemployment rates for disabled people are lower than for other populations. D) The median age of the American worker is dropping. E) In many states homosexuality is a legitimate legal basis for firing an employee.
E) In many states homosexuality is a legitimate legal basis for firing an employee.
Building a commitment to learning and working to generate ideas with impact help you to: A) attract an educated workforce. B) eliminate the need for knowledge workers. C) slow the pace of workplace change. D) eliminate social distractions on the job. E) create a learning organization.
E) create a learning organization.
A "director of research and development" is what type of manager? A) top manager B) general manager C) utility manager D) first-line manager E) functional manager
E) functional manager
According to productivity expert Odette Pollar, "If you truly like people and enjoy mentoring and helping others to grow and thrive, A) do not seek multiple promotions." B) you will have to pay your dues first." C) management may be too stressful for you." D) resist the temptation to switch jobs frequently." E) management is a great job."
E) management is a great job.
Though many advantages have been linked to e-business, studies show that employees are less productive when dealing with excessive ______ volume.
Deming proposed that when something goes wrong, chances are __________ that the system is at fault, and __________ that the individual worker is at fault. A. 15%; 85% B. 35%; 65% C. 50%; 50% D. 65%; 35% E. 85%; 15%
E. 85%; 15%
China and the United States are both part of what trading bloc? A. NAFTA B. EU C. ASEAN D. Mercosur E. APEC
E. APEC
What cultural perspective assumes that the most effective cultures help organizations anticipate and adapt to environmental changes? A. Strength perspective B. Fit perspective C. Adjustment perspective D. Conditional perspective E. Adaptive perspective
E. Adaptive perspective
What cultural perspective assumes that the most effective cultures help organizations anticipate and adapt to environmental changes? A. Strength perspective B. Fit perspective C. Adjustment perspective D. Conditional perspective E. Adaptive perspective
E. Adaptive perspective
Which of the following cultural perspectives leads to the highest long-term financial performance? A. Strength perspective B. Fit perspective C. Market perspective D. Conditional perspective E. Adaptive perspective
E. Adaptive perspective
Hard-working people at insurance giant AIG joked that "thank heavens it's Friday because that means there are only two more working days until Monday." This is characteristic of which layer of organizational culture? A. Enacted norms B. Invisible artifacts C. Symbolic culture D. Heroic mores E. Basic assumptions
E. Basic assumptions
A person who is oriented toward people and social concerns and has a low tolerance for ambiguity is ______ in her decision-making style. A. analytical B. relaxed C. Conceptual D. directive E. Behavioral
E. Behavioral
McDonald's ability to deliver food quickly and inexpensively has its roots in which management theory? A. Management science viewpoint B. Behavioral viewpoint C. Mathematical viewpoint D. Systems viewpoint E. Classical viewpoint
E. Classical viewpoint
Which of the following is most likely to help build a learning organization? A. Direct staff to avoid failure at all costs. B. Create chaos to support new-idea generation. C. Restrict training to save expenses and improve the balance sheet. D. Encourage heated debates on every proposed idea. E. Create a psychologically safe environment.
E. Create a psychologically safe environment.
Megan met with her supervisor for a formal review of her job performance over the past year. Though Megan had agreed to complete five training modules during the course of the year, she only did two. At this stage, which part of the planning/control cycle would be applicable to her manager going forward? A. Carry out the plan. B. Improve feedback. C. Correct deviations in the plan. D. Benchmark against other employees. E. Improve future plans.
E. Improve future plans.
During which managerial function do you make a blueprint for action that describes what you need to do to realize your goals? A. Organizing B. Leading C. Controlling D. Defining E. Planning
E. Planning
_______ group activities around similar products or services. A. Output structures B. Matrix organizations C. Offering divisions D. Functional structures E. Product divisions
E. Product divisions
Which of the following is a disadvantage of group decision making? A. Lower commitment to the decision B. Lower levels of confidence in judgments C. Different perspectives D. Greater discomfort with the final decision E. Satisficing
E. Satisficing
Fredrick Taylor and the Gilbreths were proponents of which of the following? A. Scientific management and administrative management, respectively B. Management science and human relations management, respectively C. Human relations D. Management science E. Scientific management
E. Scientific management
Which of the following best represents the strategic planning time frame that Jeff Bezos of Amazon prefers? A. Six months or less B. One to two years C. Three to five years D. Five to seven years E. Ten to twenty years
E. Ten to twenty years
_________ uses physically dispersed experts who fill out questionnaires to generate ideas and the judgments are combined into an expert consensus. A. Brainstorming B. PM C. TQM D. Brainwriting E. The Delphi technique
E. The Delphi technique
Which research, though flawed, drew attention to the idea that managers using good human relations could improve worker productivity? A. Maslow's hierarchy of human needs B. Operations research C. Theory Y D. Fayol's administrative management E. The Hawthorne studies
E. The Hawthorne studies
Which of the following is an example of a mutual-benefit organization? A. Federal Bureau of Investigation B. University of California at Berkeley C. U.S. Postal Service D. Public Broadcasting System E. United Auto Workers union
E. United Auto Workers union
The core values of an organization's culture are represented by its A. enacted norms. B. invisible artifacts. C. symbolic culture. D. heroic mores. E. basic assumptions.
E. basic assumptions
As an organization goes through the stages of the life cycle, it becomes more A. informal. B. centralized. C. unstable. D. organic. E. bureaucratic.
E. bureaucratic
As an organization goes through the stages of the life cycle, it becomes more A. informal. B. centralized. C. unstable. D. organic. E. bureaucratic.
E. bureaucratic.
A person with high tolerance for ambiguity has A. a high need for structure or control. B. a strong people orientation. C. an analytical mind. D. defensive avoidance tendencies. E. comfort with uncertain situations.
E. comfort with uncertain situations.
Systems, contingency, and quality-management viewpoints are part of the ________ perspective. A. behavioral B. scientific C. historical D. quantitative E. contemporary
E. contemporary
Recently, the Chinese government exchanged 212 railway trucks full of mango juice for a passenger jet from a Russian company. The Russian company is involved in A. importing. B. franchising. C. pseudo-exporting. D. outsourcing. E. countertrading.
E. countertrading.
Durant Security operates across Florida and Georgia with a variety of products and services. It has a unit located in Tampa that provides home security to its clients, and another unit in Atlanta that provides security for businesses, in particular banks and high-technology firms. This is a ______ structure. A. functional B. simple C. geographic divisional D. matrix E. customer divisional
E. customer divisional
Jennifer's staff enjoys working for her but thinks she is a perfectionist. She often thinks that she is the only one who can handle her division's difficult clients or handle some of the most sensitive issues, so she frequently has problems with A. responsibility. B. allocation. C. accountability. D. authority. E. delegation.
E. delegation
Ryan is an efficient manager who is very good at meeting his deadlines and quite decisive. Still, his employees find him to be too controlling at times and unable to see the long-term consequences of his actions. Ryan is most likely ______ in his decision-making style. A. analytical B. autocratic C. Behavioral D. Conceptual E. directive
E. directive
The tendency for decision-makers to be influenced by the way a situation or problem is presented to them is known as the ________ bias. A. overconfidence. B. escalation of commitment bias. C. hindsight. D. availability. E. framing.
E. framing
Meredith is a seasoned American manager, currently working in Brazil. She has noticed that some of her management techniques work well in her overseas position, but sometimes she finds it more effective to defer to the practices of her Brazilian counterparts. Meredith can be described as a(n) ______ manager. A. parochial B. ethnocentric C. expatriate D. polycentric E. geocentric
E. geocentric
Hernandez Construction Supply has product divisions for lumber, hardware, electrical supplies, and plumbing supplies. Each has its own production facility and sales staff. Hernandez is A. tightly integrated. B. team-based. C. functionally organized. D. a matrix organization. E. highly differentiated.
E. highly differentiated
Fonseca Construction Supply has product divisions for lumber, hardware, electrical supplies, and plumbing supplies. Each has its own production facility and sales staff. Fonseca is A. tightly integrated. B. bureaucratic. C. functionally organized. D. a matrix organization. E. highly differentiated.
E. highly differentiated.
The first step in the MBO process is to A. determine rewards for meeting goals. B. give a performance appraisal. C. develop an action plan. D. periodically review performance. E. jointly set objectives.
E. jointly set objectives.
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth identified 17 basic units of ______, each of which they called a "therblig." A. time B. distance C. energy D. data E. motion
E. motion
BHP Billilton is an Australian mining company with operations in Brazil, Canada, South Africa, and the United States, among other countries. This company is a A. multiregional conglomerate. B. multinational organization. C. global concern. D. multiregional firm. E. multinational corporation.
E. multinational corporation.
Taylor called the tendency for people to deliberately work at less than full capacity A. loafing. B. underachieving. C. underperforming. D. therbliging. E. soldiering.
E. soldiering.
MBO works by cascading objectives down through the organization, and these objectives become more ______ at lower levels of the organization. A. measurable B. challenging C. results-oriented D. attainable E. specific
E. specific
Cimarron Saddlery expects to improve profitability of the organization by 15% over the next three years. This is an example of a(n) A. supervision objective. B. operational goal. C. tactical goal. D. maintenance objective. E. strategic goal.
E. strategic goal.
There are three levels of planning. Their order, from first to last, is A. operational, tactical, and strategic. B. strategic, operational, and tactical. C. tactical, operational, and strategic. D. tactical, strategic, and operational. E. strategic, tactical, and operational.
E. strategic, tactical, and operational.
In which type of culture do employees adhere to the organization's values because they believe in its purpose? A. Fit B. Strategic C. Conditional D. Adaptive E. Strong
E. strong
When managers add up all the money already spent on a project and conclude it is too costly to simply abandon it, it is known as a(n) ________ bias. A. anchoring and adjustment B. confirmation C. availability D. representativeness E. sunk cost
E. sunk cost
Southwest Airlines acquisition of rival AirTran Airways may have been responsible for a sharp decline in on-time arrivals, which is one of Southwest's ________ goals, supporting a larger goal of being highly profitable. A. dependant B. strategic C. operational D. facilities E. tactical
E. tactical
Executive management has recently decided to acquire a small company with a complementary product line, so Craig, a marketing manager, is meeting with other managers to discuss how to implement policies to support the acquisition over the next year. He is participating in A. mission development. B. strategic planning. C. controlling. D. operational planning. E. tactical planning.
E. tactical planning.
The comprehensive approach dedicated to continuous quality improvement, training, and customer satisfaction is known as A. quality rating. B. quality assurance. C. reengineering. D. quality control. E. total quality management.
E. total quality management.
When a government uses measures like tariffs and import quotas, it is called A. ethnocentrism. B. free trade. C. a trade bloc. D. an embargo. E. trade protectionism.
E. trade protectionism.
Inflation is an example of ______ forces in an organization's general environment.
Economic
Which of the following forms the base of Carroll's global corporate social responsibility pyramid?
Economic responsibility
Which of the following forms the base of Carrolls global corporate social responsibility pyramid?
Economic responsibility
Management is defined as the pursuit of organizational goals in what manner?
Efficiently and effectively
licensing., (In licensing, a company allows a foreign company to pay it a fee to make or distribute the first company's product or service.)
Eli Lilly has agreed to let a South African company manufacture several of Eli Lilly's diabetes drugs and pay Eli Lilly a fee to distribute the drugs with a different brand name in South Africa. Eli Lilly is engaging in
efficient (Efficiency is the means of attaining the organization's goals. To be efficient means to use resources—people, money, raw materials, and the like—wisely and cost-effectively)
Elian, a manager at a busy restaurant, was very careful about how he scheduled his personnel, making sure everyone was busy during work, and he carefully watched his other costs too, getting competitive bids from suppliers on a regular basis. Elian would best be described as a(n) _____ manager.
Jeremy Stoppelman and Russel Simmons, founders of Yelp, a website with reviews of businesses, created a new type of business that did not exist before their efforts. They would best be described as ______.
Entrepreneurs
organizational opportunities, (Organizational opportunities are environmental factors that the organization may exploit for competitive advantage.)
Environmental factors that the organization may exploit for a competitive advantage are known as
Jack is working overseas, and has been asked by a superior to present a government official with a cash payment in order to secure a contract. This makes Jack uncomfortable since he does not feel it is right, yet he worries about upsetting his boss. Jack is facing a(n) ________.
Ethical dilemma
As a sales manager, you would have to decide how much leeway to give your subordinates in giving gifts to prospective clients in foreign countries. This is an example of the challenge of managing for ________.
Ethical standards
Describe ethnocentrism and the dangers of being an ethnocentric manager when working overseas, and discuss what other approach may be superior.
Ethnocentric managers believe that their native country, culture, language, and behavior are superior to all others. Ethnocentric managers tend to believe that they can export the managers and practices of their home countries to anywhere in the world and that they will be more capable and reliable. Ethnocentrism can be bad for business. A survey of 918 companies with home offices in the United States, Japan, and Europe found that ethnocentric policies were linked to such problems as recruiting difficulties, high turnover rates, and lawsuits over personnel policies. Successful international managers are geocentric instead; that is, they accept the differences and similarities between domestic and foreign people and cultures and use whatever management techniques are most effective in particular situations.
Among the recommendations of Mary Parker Follett was that...
Everyone should understand their roles: managers as order-givers, and employees as order-takers.
________ management means translating principles based on best evidence into organizational practice, bringing rationality to the decision-making process.
Evidence-based
You have surveyed all of your close friends, and they all prefer ice cream to frozen yogurt. Thus you should be confident that everyone prefers ice cream; that is, this is a representative sample of adequate size
FALSE
values, (Values are the relatively permanent and deeply held underlying beliefs and attitudes that help determine a person's behavior, such as the belief that "Fairness means hiring according to ability, not family background.")
Fairness in hiring practices is an example of an organization's
Employees that are angered by the CEO compensation package that is hundreds of times what they receive are expecting ethical behavior with a moral-rights approach.
False
Customers lined up for hours to be among the first to purchase the new iPad. The excitement for the product would be considered ______ in the system.
Feedback
Matthew, the president of a diesel engine research firm, was welcoming potential partners from a large automobile corporation in Europe. Before handing them off to his technical counterpart, he gave them an extensive tour of his laboratory and field-testing operations as part of which managerial role?
Figurehead
Managers who make short-term operating decisions and direct the daily tasks of the nonmanagerial employees are called ________.
First-line managers
Discuss the three things that must happen for MBO to be successful.
For MBO to be successful, three things have to happen: 1. Top management must be committed. "When top-management commitment [to MBO] was high," said one review, "the average gain in productivity was 56%. When commitment was low, the average gain in productivity was only 6%." 2. It must be applied organizationwide. The program has to be put in place throughout the entire organization. That is, it cannot be applied in just some divisions and departments; it has to be done in all of them. 3. Objectives must "cascade." MBO works by cascading objectives down through the organization; that is, objectives are structured in a unified hierarchy, becoming more specific at lower levels of the organization. Top managers set general organizational objectives, which are translated into divisional objectives, which are translated into departmental objectives. The hierarchy ends in individual objectives set by each employee.
motion studies
Frederick Taylor broke down components of each workers job into basic physical motions and use methods of their best performing coworkers
A ______ manager is responsible for just one organizational activity.
Functional
Demographic forces are part of the __________ environment of organizations.
General
The first American generation to face the issue of reduced expectations because limited wages and job opportunities for young people is
Generation X
Which generation in the United States, also known also known as the echo boom, is autonomous, strongly independent, diverse, intellectually expressive, curious, innovative, and unlikely to be swayed by marketing hype?
Generation Y
A generation that was born between 1995 and 2009 in the United States that has been labeled Digital Natives, Generation @, and the Net Generation is
Generation Z
Two perspectives about management?
Historical. The historical perspectiveIn contrast to the contemporary perspective, the view of management that includes the classical, behavioral, and quantitative viewpoints, includes three viewpoints—classical, behavioral, and quantitative. Contemporary. The contemporary perspectiveIn contrast to the historical perspective, the business approach that includes three viewpoints—systems, contingency, and quality-management, also includes three viewpoints—systems, contingency, and quality-management
Samantha regularly tries to have lunch with each of her direct reports. She asks about their successes and struggles, and tries to provide informal coaching and support, as well as appropriate congratulations for their efforts. Samantha is exhibiting which type of skill?
Human
Tyler has coffee with one of his direct reports almost daily. He does this to inquire in an informal way about progress on the job, and to provide coaching and support, as well as appropriate congratulations for special efforts. Tyler is exhibiting which type of managerial skill?
Human
Which of the following is one of the phases in the development of the behavioral viewpoint?
Human relations movement
liaison, (In a liaison role, you must act like a politician, working with other people outside your work unit and organization to develop alliances that will help you achieve your organization's goals.)
In a ______ role, you must act like a politician, working with other people outside your work unit and organization to develop alliances that will help you achieve your organization's goals.
Which of the following statements about the mass media is true?
In a crisis, the media should be used to communicate frequently and honestly with the public.
Customers are likely to put up with poor-quality products only if your organization is...
In a very competitive industry
low-context culture, (A person from North America, Great Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, or Switzerland, for example, comes from a low-context culture in which shared meanings are primarily derived from written and spoken words.)
In a(n) ______, shared meanings are primarily derived from written and spoken words rather than situational cues.
utilitarian, (Ethical behavior in the utilitarian approach is guided by what will result in the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Managers often take the utilitarian approach, using financial performance—such as efficiency and profit—as the best definition of what constitutes "the greatest good for the greatest number)
In considering a large-scale layoff, a manager performs a cost-benefit analysis and determines that profits will be greatest if she proceeds. She is using the ______ approach to guide her decision regarding an ethical dilemma.
delegating
In the situational leadership model, this leadership style is recommended for employees with the highest levels of readiness.
functional
In this organizational structure, people with similar job specialties are grouped together
Which of the following is one of the nonrational models of decision making?
Incremental
According to Mintzberg's work, which of the following is one of the three broad types of roles that managers play?
Interpersonal
The development of Google News by Google employees experimenting with ways to facilitate browsing news from several sources is an example of?
Intrapreneurship
How is management both an art and a science?
Intuition, judgment, and experience are part of the successful mix of effective management. These factors are more "art" than science, and may exist in a manager without actual training in management. However, management also uses the scientific method; it observes and gathers facts, makes decisions based on the facts, makes predictions of future events, and tests the prediction under systematic conditions. These are parts of the "science" of management.
Peter Drucker
Inventor of modern management
Moral rights, (Ethical behavior in the moral-rights approach is guided by respect for the fundamental rights of human beings, such as those expressed in the U.S. Constitution's Bill of Rights. We would all tend to agree that denying people the right to life, liberty, privacy, health and safety, and due process is unethical.)
Issues like privacy, health and safety, and due process being described as basic rights is typically tied to which of the following approaches to deciding ethical dilemmas?
What does a company do in a class to mass strategy?
It creates opportunities for less affluent customers to afford and purchase luxury products.
Upper Class
It is divided into three groups on the basis of occupation and social affiliation, and it comprises 14 percent of all Americans.
Lower Class
It is divided into two groups on the basis of proximity to the poverty level, and it comprises 16 percent of All Americans.
Aaron is a manager at a local live music venue. He is developing a new online system for advance ticket sales. Some of the shows have been so popular that tickets sell out quickly and regular patrons have complained that with a slow Internet connection they have no chance to purchase. In an effort to be fair to all prospective customers, Aaron is using what approach to ethical behavior?
Justice
culture shock, (Because a culture is made up of so many nuances, visitors to another culture may experience culture shock—the feelings of discomfort and disorientation associated with being in an unfamiliar culture.)
Kendall was feeling very uncomfortable and disoriented since she arrived for her new job in Bangkok. It seemed like just about everything was different than what she was used to. Kendall was experiencing
Tonya is a structural engineer who works for a large international firm. She designs the concrete and steel structures that support even the largest and most complex buildings. Because of her high level of technical skills, Tonya is best referred to as a ______.
Knowledge worker
Discuss the cultural differences in language, interpersonal space, time orientation, and religion. Why are these factors important to successful international business?
Language: Only 20% of the people of the world speak English, and over 3,000 different languages are spoken. Even when speaking English, how particular words are to be interpreted can vary. Interpersonal space: People of different cultures have different ideas about what is acceptable interpersonal space—that is, how close or far away one should be when communicating with another person. This can lead to cross-cultural misunderstandings and discomfort. Time orientation: Individuals in cultures with monochronic time prefer doing one thing at a time, and perceive time as being limited, precisely segmented, and schedule driven. Those with polychronic orientation find multitasking acceptable, and view time as flexible and multidimensional. This can lead to cross cultural misunderstandings. Religion: Major religions include Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, and Chinese traditional religions; members of these religions vary widely in their most important work-related values.
I want to lose 20 pounds by June 1, 2011., (A SMART goal is specific, measurable, attainable, results-oriented, and has target dates. Only choice C has all of these characteristics.)
Laurie has been struggling with her weight and one of her coworkers suggested that she make a SMART goal for herself. Which of the following is the best example of a SMART goal for Laurie?
After a large chemical fire, Eric took responsibility publicly for the failure of his employees to follow workplace safety standards, and indicated that several of them had been placed on leave. Here, Eric was acting in a ______ role.
Leadership
A general manager at a department store is giving an important presentation to several departments to engage the whole staff in a new customer retention effort beginning this month. This is an example of ______.
Leading
Managers at Montaigne Prefecture Glass needed to take some important steps to get out ahead of the growing competition. Recently, new talent had been hired, the training and development budget had been doubled, and cross-functional teams were added to improve information flow. It appears that Montaigne is attempting to become a ______ organization.
Learning
Organizations that actively create, acquire, and transfer knowledge within themselves and are able to modify their behavior to reflect this new knowledge are called __________ organizations.
Learning
________ are in an organizations external task environment.
Lenders
What is MBO? Describe the process by which MBO is done as well as its purpose.
Management by objectives (MBO) is a four-step process in which (1) managers and employees jointly set objectives for the employee, (2) managers develop action plans, (3) managers and employees periodically review the employee's performance, and (4) the manager makes a performance appraisal and rewards the employee according to results. The purpose of MBO is to motivate rather than control subordinates.
The tools of ______ are useful for UPS and FedEx in deciding how many employees and aircraft should be scheduled during the month of December.
Management science
______ focuses on using mathematics to aid in problem solving and decision making.
Management science
Which of the following statements about group decision making is true?
Managers should utilize groups for decision making on a selective basis.
top managers. (Top managers make long-term decisions about the overall direction of the organization. They need to pay a lot of attention to the environment outside the organization, being alert for long-run opportunities and problems and devising strategies for dealing with them. Thus, executives at this level must be future oriented, dealing with uncertain, highly competitive conditions.)
Managers who are future oriented, dealing with uncertain, highly competitive conditions, and who stay alert to long-run opportunities and problems are most likely to be
1st line managers, (Following the plans of middle and top managers, first-line managers make short-term operating decisions, directing the daily tasks of nonmanagerial personnel, who are, of course, all those people who work directly at their jobs but don't oversee the work of others.)
Managers who make short-term operating decisions and direct the daily tasks of the nonmanagerial employees are called
Seven Challenges to Being a Star Manager
Managing- (1) Competitive Advantage (2) Diversity (3) Globalization (4) Informational technology (5) Ethical Standards (6) Sustainability (7) Own happiness and life goals
Which of the following is NOT an area in which an organization must stay ahead of its competitors to achieve competitive advantage?
Market share growth
Explain the concepts of mechanistic and organic organizations. What kind of organization should be in place when an organization's environment is changing quickly and unpredictably?
Mechanistic organizations are characterized by: centralized authority, many rules and procedures, specialized tasks, formalized communication, few teams or task forces, narrow spans of control, and taller structures. Organic organizations are characterized by: decentralization of authority, few rules and procedures, shared tasks, informal communication, many teams and task forces, wider span of control, and flatter structures. For a changing environment, organizations are best served by an organic structure, which is more flexible and can react more quickly as needed
Melissa runs a residential-cleaning service and has noticed that some of her staff are much more efficient than others and can clean a house in about half the average time. She would like to reward these workers with a higher wage by implementing what would be known by Taylor as a(n)...
Merit pay system
In a ______ role, you should be constantly alert for useful information, whether gathered from newspaper stories about the competition or discovered in conversations with subordinates.
Monitor
Issues like privacy, health and safety, due process that are described as basic rights are typically tied to which of the following approaches to deciding ethical dilemmas?
Moral rights
Between the years 2010 and 2030, the number of U.S. citizens over the age of 65 is expected to...
More than double
Which of the following statements about a manager's worklife is not among the . findings of management scholar Henry Mintzberg?
Most managerial tasks require lengthy periods of time for completion.
What is the current status of people who belong to the Depression generation in the United States?
Most of them are retired.
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth identified 17 basic units of ______, each of which they called a "therblig."
Motion
The _________ effect states that a manager's influence on the organization has implications far beyond the results that can be achieved by one person acting alone.
Multiplier
After her divorce, Jillian had to go back to work. While she interviewed to return to her previous accounting profession, she began a custom wedding invitation business. Jillian would best be described as a(n) ______.
Necessity entrepreneur
Armed with a stack of market research, Jalen, a marketing department manager, is in the research and development manager's office attempting to convince him to eliminate two features his engineers plan to add to a product, and replace them with two others based on customer preference. Jalen is operating in the ______ role.
Negotiator
Which of the following is NOT one of the suggestions for decision making recommended by management consultant Odette Pollar?
Never stop gathering facts.
Alyssa works for a large amusement park and is in charge of scheduling the sizable staff, including ride attendants, food service and janitorial employees, and character actors, in an effective manner. This work is typical of ________.
Operations management
Alyssa works for a large amusement park and is in charge of scheduling the sizable staff, including ride attendants, food service and janitorial employees, and character actors, in an effective manner. This work is typical of...
Operations management
______ focuses on managing the production and delivery of an organization's products or services more effectively.
Operations management
A group of people who work together to achieve some specific purpose is/are called a(n) ______.
Organization
A group of people who work together to achieve some specific purpose is/are called a(n) ________.
Organization
Which of the following is NOT a hindrance to perfectly rational decision making?
Organizational loyalty
Explain the four common elements of organizations proposed by Edgar Schein
Organizational psychologist Edgar Schein proposed the four common elements of (1) common purpose, (2) coordinated effort, (3) division of labor, and (4) hierarchy of authority. The common purpose unifies employees or members and gives everyone an understanding of the organization's reason for being. The common purpose is realized through coordinated effort, the coordination of individual efforts into a group or organizationwide effort. Division of labor, also known as work specialization, is the arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people. The hierarchy of authority, or chain of command, is a control mechanism for making sure the right people do the right things at the right time.
Google made a pledge to investors when it went public to reserve 1% of its profit and equity to "make the world a better place." This is an example of corporate ______.
Philanthropy
Franchising, (Franchising is a form of licensing in which a company allows a foreign company to pay it a fee and a share of the profit in return for using the first company's brand name and a package of materials and services.)
Pizza Hut provides the use of its name plus operating know-how to companies in Costa Rica in return for a fee plus a percentage of profits. Pizza Hut is
List the four benefits of planning.
Planning provides a means to check on progress toward goals. Planning helps to coordinate activities between people and/or departments. Planning helps in thinking ahead and anticipating problems or opportunities. Planning helps one cope with uncertainty.
In general, planning has many benefits. However, planning also has two cautions of which one must be aware. Discuss these.
Planning requires time, including that to involve others (subordinates, peers, staff, competitors, markets, etc.). Also, some decisions have to be made without a lot of time. While you shouldn't shoot from the hip in making decisions, often you may have to "go with what you've got" and make a decision based on a plan that is perhaps only three-quarters complete. Sometimes the need to make a decision quickly outweighs the benefit of having more complete information.
American companies may be more willing to sue competitors to gain competitive advantage than those in other countries, which is an example of which type of force?
Political-legal
cost leadership, differentiation, cost focus, and focused differentiation, (Porter's four competitive strategies (also called four generic strategies) are (1) cost leadership, (2) differentiation, (3) cost-focus, and (4) focused-differentiation)
Porter's competitive strategies include
Only about fifth of American managers reach which level of personal moral development?
Post conventional
A good reason for studying theoretical perspectives of management is that it...
Provides clues to the meaning of your managers' decisions.
Focusing on the performance of workers and urging employees to strive for zero defects is called ______.
Quality assurance
The comprehensive approach dedicated to continuous quality improvement, training, and customer satisfaction is known as ________.
Quality assurance
Statistical sampling to locate errors by testing just some of the items in a particular production run is a ______ technique.
Quality control
The strategy for minimizing errors by managing each stage of production is called ______.
Quality control
Applying techniques like statistics and computer simulations to management are characteristic of the ______ viewpoint.
Quantitative
Management science and operations management are the two branches of ______ management.
Quantitative
Scientific and administrative management are part of the ________ viewpoint.
Quantitative
A state government offered a German solar research company a tax break if it located its U.S. headquarters in that state because of the new jobs that would be created. Unfortunately, problems occurred, resulting in little company growth and few new jobs. As a result, the state instituted a ______ by rescinding the tax breaks.
Reformation
The Contemporary Perspective/ The Systems Viewpoint:
Regards the organization as systems of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose
Which of the following is the most likely reason for the decline in fortunes of American newspapers, and their inability to exploit their competitive advantage?
Relying too heavily on advertising, rather than customer subscriptions, for revenue.
Two different project teams recently submitted proposals for very promising ideas, but the budget will not allow both to go forward this year. Amanda is making the tough decisions about which should be the focus this time, as a part of her ______ role.
Resource allocator
Which of the following is an example of a decisional role that managers play?
Resource allocator
Define the components of the acronym SMART in goal setting. Provide an example of a SMART goal and demonstrate that it meets all criteria.
SMART goals are: specific (rather than vague), measurable (quantifiable), attainable (challenging but realistic and attainable), results-oriented (support the vision), and with target dates (deadlines). An example of a SMART goal is "Ninety percent of planes should arrive within 15 minutes of the scheduled arrival time by December 2013."
planning, (Planning is defined as setting goals and deciding how to achieve them)
Setting goals and deciding how to achieve them is called
According to a Fortune article, the scarcest, most valuable resource in business is not financial capital but...
Skilled, effective managers
Which of the following is a discipline that is part of behavioral science?
Sociology
Taylor called the tendency for people to deliberately work at less than full capacity ________.
Soldiering
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) is an example of which type of stakeholder for some organizations?
Special-interest group
Explain the different types of planning for the different levels of management. Include the typical time frame for which each plan is created.
Strategic planning is done by top management. Using their mission and vision statements, top managers do strategic planning—they determine what the organization's long-term goals should be for the next 1-5 years with the resources they expect to have available. It should communicate not only general goals about growth and profits but also ways to achieve them. Tactical planning is done by middle management. The strategic priorities and policies are then passed down to middle managers, who must do tactical planning—that is, they determine what contributions their departments or similar work units can make with their given resources during the next 6-24 months. Operational planning is done by first-line management. Middle managers then pass these plans along to first-line managers to do operational planning—that is, they determine how to accomplish specific tasks with available resources within the next 1-52 weeks.
The administrative part of the adaptive cycle focuses on establishing roles and organizational processes
TRUE
The application to management of techniques such as statistics and computer simulations is known as quantitative management.
TRUE
The career path that most resembles the traditional view of climbing the stairs in a corporate hierarchy is called the linear career
TRUE
The drawback of using the intuition model of decision making is that it can be difficult to convince others that your decision makes sense
TRUE
Sociocultural, (The U.S. obesity rate is one of those sociocultural forces capable of altering entire industries.)
The American epidemic of obesity among U.S. youth is an example of which external force?
Behavioral science research suggests that ________ doesn't necessarily promote excellence, and actually can make people hostile.
The Hawthorne effect
Which research, though flawed, drew attention to the idea that managers using good human relations could improve worker productivity?
The Hawthorne studies
W. Edwards Deming
The PDCA cycle was made popular by this quality pioneer.
personally certify financial reports, (Administered by the SEC, SarbOx requires a company's chief executive officer and chief financial officer to personally certify the organization's financial reports, prohibits them from taking personal loans or lines of credit, and makes them reimburse the organization for bonuses and stock options when required by restatement of corporate profits.)
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires that a company's chief executive officer and chief financial officer must comply with which of the following?
multiplier, (In being a manager you have a multiplier effect: Your influence on the organization is multiplied far beyond the results that can be achieved by just one person acting alone.)
The _________ effect states that your influence on the organization is multiplied far beyond the results that can be achieved by just one person acting alone
Which of the following is not a chief skill companies seek in top managers today?
The ability to give a wide range of orders authoritatively.
Conceptual skills needed by managers include
The ability to understand how parts of the organization work together.
Conceptual skills needed by managers include...
The ability to understand how parts of the organization work together.
Work Specialization
The arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people is called
effectiveness
The ends. Effectiveness is the organization's ends, the goals. To be effectiveTo achieve results, to make the right decisions, and to successfully carry them out so that they achieve the organization's goals means to achieve results, to make the right decisions and to successfully carry them out so that they achieve the organization's goals.
jointly set objectives., (Management by objectives (MBO) is a four-step process, the first of which is for managers and employees to jointly set objectives for the employee.)
The first step in the MBO process is to
What is meant by the term global economy? How will it positively and negatively affect the United States?
The global economy refers to the growing tendency of the economies of the world to interact with one another as one market instead of many national markets. This positively affects the United States by providing additional markets for U.S. products, which will mean domestic growth. In addition, foreign firms are building plants in the United States, revitalizing parts of industrial America. Foreign direct investment makes up 15% of the country's gross domestic product (total value of all goods and services). Companies based overseas provide jobs for approximately 10% of the U.S. workforce. It negatively affects the United States because economic problems in other parts of the world are more likely to affect the U.S. economy. There are risks associated with financially intertwined markets. Another negative effect is the movement, or outsourcing, of formerly well-paying jobs overseas as companies seek cheaper labor costs, particularly in manufacturing.
efficiency
The means. Efficiency is the means of attaining the organization's goals. To be efficient. Using resources—people, money, raw materials, and the like—wisely and cost-effectively means to use resources—people, money, raw materials, and the like—wisely and cost-effectively.
technological; general (Technological forces are new developments in methods for transforming resources into goods or services. They are part of the organization's general environment.)
The music industry has been changed dramatically by consumers' ability to download songs from the Internet. This is an example of ______ forces in an organization's ______ environment.
Describe the boundaryless organization and three organizational structures that are common forms of it.
The opposite of a bureaucracy, with its numerous barriers and divisions, a boundaryless organization is a fluid, highly adaptive organization whose members, linked by information technology, come together to collaborate on common tasks. The collaborators may include not only coworkers but also suppliers, customers, and even competitors. This means that the form of the business is ever-changing, and business relationships are informal. Three types of structures in this class of organizational design are hollow, modular, and virtual structures. In the hollow structure, often called the network structure, the organization has a central core of key functions and outsources other functions to vendors who can do them cheaper or faster. The modular structure differs from the hollow structure in that it is oriented around outsourcing certain pieces of a product rather than outsourcing certain processes (such as human resources or warehousing) of an organization. In a modular structure, a firm assembles product chunks, or modules, provided by outside contractors. One consequence of the Internet is the virtual organization, an organization whose members are geographically apart, usually working with e-mail, collaborative computing, and other computer connections, while often appearing to customers and others to be a single, unified organization with a real physical location
delegation
The process of assigning meaningful authority and responsibility to managers and employees lower in the hierarchy.
Management, (Management is defined as (1) the pursuit of organizational goals efficiently and effectively by (2) integrating the work of people through (3) planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the organization's resources.)
The pursuit of organizational goals efficiently and effectively by integrating the work of people through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the organization's resources is called
Explain the emphasis of the quantitative viewpoint. Describe the two major approaches to this viewpoint.
The quantitative viewpoint emphasizes that mathematically based techniques can help managers be more effective. The two approaches of quantitative management are management science and operations management. Management science focuses on using mathematics to aid in problem solving and decision making. Operations management focuses on managing the production and delivery of an organization's products or services more effectively.
Explain what centralization and decentralization of authority mean. Would you rather be a manager in a centralized or a decentralized organization? Why?
The student should define both terms and then give a logical explanation of their preference. With centralized authority, important decisions are made by higher-level managers; while with decentralized authority, important decisions are made by middle-and supervisory-level managers. An advantage in using centralized authority is that there is less duplication of work, because fewer employees perform the same task; rather, the task is often performed by a department of specialists. Another advantage of centralization is that procedures are uniform and thus easier to control; all purchasing, for example, may have to be put out to competitive bids. An advantage in having decentralized authority is that managers are encouraged to solve their own problems rather than to buck the decision to a higher level. In addition, decisions are made more quickly, which increases the organization's flexibility and efficiency.
Alling outgoers
Their physical abilities are limited by their health problems, but they maintain a positive outlook that helps them remain active
McGregor
Theory X- a pessimistic, negative view of workers. considered to be irresponsible, resistant to change, lack ambition, hate work and want to be led rather than lead Theory Y- positive view of workers. capable of accepting responsibility, self direction, and self control AVOID THE SELF FULFILLING PROPHECY
An optimistic view of workers that envisions them as capable of accepting responsibility and working in a self-directed manner is representative of ________.
Theory Y
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
This act established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
Trait Approach
This approach to leadership attempts to identify distinctive characteristics that account for the effectiveness of leader
the balanced scorecard
This control technique provides four indicators with which organizations can set goals and measure performance.
job specification
This document describes the minimum qualifications a person must have to perform a job successfully
balance sheet
This financial statement shows a firm's assets, liabilities and owner's equity
Total Quality Management (TQM)
This process instituting ongoing small, incremental improvements in all parts of an organization
Affirmative Action
This program tries to make up for past discrimination in employment by actively finding, hiring, and developing the talents of people from groups traditionally discriminated against
positive reinforcement
This use of positive consequences to encourage desirable behavior is called
cost leadership, (The cost-leadership strategy is to keep the costs, and hence prices, of a product or service below those of competitors and to target a wide market.)
Timex Watch makes inexpensive but reliable watches sold throughout the U.S. and is an example of an organization pursuing a _________ strategy.
Which of the following is more characteristic of an entrepreneur than a manager?
Tolerance for risk
A senior vice president is an example of what level of manager?
Top
The comprehensive approach dedicated to continuous quality improvement, training, and customer satisfaction is known as...
Total quality management
The current percentage of people living in a rural area is the lowest ever, which is a demographic force.
True
True or False: American social class system is composed of a series of status continua
True
Why study management?
We all have interest in making organizations better. If not going to be managed, you will be managed.
outsourcing., (A common practice of many companies, outsourcing is defined as using suppliers outside the company to provide goods and services.)
When a company uses a supplier outside itself to provide goods and services, it is
organizing, (Organizing is defined as arranging tasks, people, and other resources to accomplish the work)
When administrators of a college are determining whether to hire more full-time instructors or possibly more part-time ones, they are engaged in
favorable government regulations, (A manager may be able to discover an opportunity in favorable government regulations)
When analyzing the "O" in SWOT analysis, a manager might take note of
strong financial resources of the firm, (Strengths of a company include financial resources & requirements, an internal factor.)
When analyzing the "S" in a SWOT analysis, a manager might take note of
high individualism, (In general, the United States ranked very high on individualism, relatively low on power distance, low on uncertainty avoidance, and moderately high on masculinity.)
When examining the dimensions of Hofstede's model, which of the following is true of the U.S.?
Ferrari, (The focused-differentiation strategy is to offer products or services that are of unique and superior value compared to those of competitors and to target a narrow market)
Which of the following carmakers pursues a focused-differentiation strategy?
uncertainty avoidance, (The Hofstede model of four cultural dimensions identified four dimensions along which national cultures can be placed: (1) individualism/collectivism, (2) power distance, (3) uncertainty avoidance, and (4) masculinity/femininity.)
Which of the following is a cultural dimension of Hofstede's model?
Entrepreneur, (In their decisional roles, managers use information to make decisions to solve problems or take advantage of opportunities. The four decision-making roles are entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator.)
Which of the following is an example of a decisional role that managers play?
Directing daily tasks of nonmanagerial personnel, (According to Figure 5.3, operational planning is done by first-line management and directs the daily tasks of nonmanagerial personnel. Decisions are often predictable, following routine procedures )
Which of the following is associated with operational planning?
Most codes of ethics offer guidance on how to treat stakeholders (A code of ethics consists of a formal written set of ethical standards guiding an organization's actions. Most codes offer guidance on how to treat customers, suppliers, competitors, and other stakeholders. The purpose is to clearly state top management's expectations for all employees. Most codes prohibit bribes.)
Which of the following statements about a code of ethics is most true?
The BCG matrix, (In general, the BCG matrix suggests that an organization will do better in fast-growing markets in which it has a high market share rather in slow-growing markets in which it has a low market share. These concepts are illustrated in Figure 6.4)
Which of the following strategy tools suggests that an organization will do better in fast-growing markets in which it has a high market share rather than in slow-growing markets in which it has a low market share?
Its purpose is to motivate employees, (The purpose of MBO is to motivate rather than control subordinates)
Which of the following would BEST describe MBO?
Jessica is an employee in a manufacturing plant who works the graveyard shift, midnight to 8 a.m. One night, she saw one of her managers dumping some chemicals down a storm drain in the parking lot. When she confronted him, he said this was standard procedure for some waste materials to avoid other costly disposal measures. When Jessica wrote a letter about it to the local newspaper she was a(n) ______.
Whistle-blower
To create a learning organization, managers must perform three key functions or roles: build a commitment to learning, work to generate ideas with impact, and...
Work to generalize ideas with impact.
The defining difference between an entrepreneur and an intrapreneur is that the latter...
Works within an existing organization, using its resources to exploit an opportunity.
Three Organizations need to know:
World Trade Organization - set up and monitor trade agreements World Bank provide loan interest loans to countries who need them International Monterey Fund - ease the transfer of funding
Which of the following is not a reward for practicing management?
You can become exempt from many society's ethical standards.
Which of the following is the most likely payoff of studying management as a discipline?
You will understand how to relate to and interact with your supervisors and co-workers.
insider trading, (Insider trading is the illegal trading of a company's stock by people using confidential company information.)
______ is the illegal buying or selling of a company's stock by people using confidential company information.
High power distance, (High power distance, such as occurs in Mexico, India, Thailand, Panama, and the Philippines, means that people accept inequality in power among people, institutions, and organizations.)
______ means that people accept inequality in power among people, institutions, and organizations.
Diversity, (Diversity represents all the ways people are unlike and alike—the differences and similarities in age, gender, race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, capabilities, and socioeconomic background.)
______ represents all the ways people are unlike and alike.
technical
______ skills consist of the job-specific knowledge needed to perform well in a specialized field.
geocentric, (Geocentric managers accept that there are differences and similarities between home and foreign personnel and practices and that they should use whatever techniques are most effective.)
__________ managers accept that there are differences and similarities between home and foreign personnel and practices and that they should use whatever techniques are most effective.
organization
a group of people who work together to achieve some specific purpose
BCG matrix 177
a means of evaluating strategic business untis on the basis of (1) their business growth rates and (2) their share of the market.
Indra is a new manager for a software company, and she doesn't like to be bored at work. But neither does she enjoy _____, such as when she had to explain the new product her team is developing to the CEO and several board members. As psychologist Csikzentmihalyi predicts, her ideal state would be an emotional zone between the two.
anxiety
e-organization
application of e-business concepts to all organizations
Quantitative Viewpoint
applies quantitative techniques to management
international forces
are changes in the economic, political, legal, and technological global system that may affect an organization.
political-legal forces
are changes in the way politics shape laws and laws shape the opportunities for and threats to an organization.
self-interest groups
are groups whose members try to influence specific issues, some of which may affect your organization.
sociocultural forces
are influences and trends originating in a country's, a society's, or a culture's human relationships and values that may affect an organization.
demographic forces
are influences on an organization arising from changes in the characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, or ethnic origin.
technological forces
are new developments in methods for transforming resources into goods or services.
values
are the relatively permanent and deeply held underlying beliefs and attitudes that help determine a person's behavior, such as the belief that "Fairness means hiring according to ability, not family background." Values and value systems are the underpinnings for ethics and ethical behavior.
Organizing
arrange tasks, people, and other resources to accomplish the work
graphic forces are influences on an organization arising from changes in
characteristics of a population
top management
chief executive officer, president, vice president, general managers, division heads. Managers need to pay attention to environment outside the organization, be future oriented, deal with uncertain and highly competitive conditions
Which of the following titles would be held by a top manager?
chief operating officer
Scientific and administrative management are part of the ________ viewpoint.
classical
A(n) ______________ receives very little feedback from the outside.
closed system
A(n) ______ consists of a formal written set of ethical standards guiding an organization's actions
code of ethics
Staying ahead of competitors in customer responsiveness, innovation, quality, and efficiency will result in
competitive advantage
The ability of an organization to outperform others by producing goods or services more effectively than its competitors is called its
competitive advantage
The study of how order and pattern arise from very complicated, apparently chaotic systems is known as
complexity theory
Mary Parker Follet
concept of "self managed teams" "worker empowerment" and "interdepartmental teams"
Ian is very creative and prefers to look at the long-term issues when making a decision. He considers a wide variety of possible actions based on an open mind about the possibilities. Sometimes his coworkers find him indecisive because of these tendencies. Ian is probably ______ in his decision-making style.
conceptual
The ability to think analytically is associated with ______ skills.
conceptual
conceptual skills
consist of the ability to think analytically, to visualize an organization as a whole and understand how the parts work together.
Systems, contingency, and quality-management viewpoints are part of the ________ perspective.
contemporary
The systems, contingency, and quality-management viewpoints are part of the ________ perspective on management.
contemporary
The ________ viewpoint emphasizes that a manager's actions should vary according to the situation.
contingency
Which management viewpoint seems to be the most practical because it addresses problems on a case-by-case basis and varies the solution accordingly?
contingency viewpoint
open system
continually interacts with its environment most organizations
A company that is an expert at producing and selling narrowly defined products or services, and which does not tend to seek opportunities outside its present market is known by Miles and Snow as a(n)
defender
soldiering
deliberately working at less than full capacity
strategic allies
describes the relationship of two organizations who join forces to achieve advantages neither can perform as well alone.
rule
designates specific required action
operating plan
designed for a one year period, defines how you conduct your business based on the action plan, identifies clear targets such as revenue, cash flow, and market share
A __________ is a person or organization that helps another organization sell its goods and services to customers.
distributor
operational planning
done by first line managers, determine how to accomplish specific tasks with available resources within the next one to fifty two weeks
tactical planning
done by middle managers, determine what contributions their departments or similar work units can make during the next six to twenty four months
Strategic planning
done by top managers, determine what the organizations long term goals should be for the next one to five years with the resources they expect to have available
__________ is the practice of a foreign company exporting products abroad at a lower price than the price in the home market or even below the costs of production in order to drive down the price of the domestic product.
dumping
Wheat producers in the U.S. claim that the Canadian Wheat Board is selling wheat imported into the U.S. at unreasonably low prices and they fear depression of their own prices. The U.S. producers are accusing the Canadians of
dumping.
human captial
economic or productive potential of employee knowledge, experience, and actions
In the United States, _____ is increasingly necessary to obtain a family wage ob.
education
The factors that are strongly associated with occupation are
education and income
To be ______ as a manager means to make the right decisions and successfully carry them out to achieve goals.
effective
Korean has a complete ban on beef and beef products imported from Canada. This is an example of a(n)
embargo.
Behavioral Viewpoint
emphasis on importance of understanding human behavior and motivating and encouraging employees toward achievement
Classical Viewpoints
emphasis on ways to manage work more efficiently
Classical Viewpoint
emphasized finding ways to manage work more efficiently, two branches SCIENTIFIC and ADMINISTRATIVE assumes that people are rational emphasis on ways to work more efficiently
Scientific management
emphasized scientific study of work methods to improve productivity of individual workers
behavioral viewpoint
emphasized the importance of understanding human behavior and of motivating employees toward achievement 1) early behaviorism 2) the humans relations movement 3) behavioral sciences Hugo Munsterberg Mary Parker Follet Elton Mayo-hawthorne effect
behavioral viewpoint
emphasized the importance of understanding human behavior and of motivating employees toward achievement.
scientific management
emphasized the scientific study of work methods to improve the productivity of individual workers.
scientific management
emphasized the specific study of work methods to improve the productivity of individual workers Frederick W Taylor Frank and Lillian Gilbreth (classical view)
The Contemporary Perspective/ The Contingency Viewpoint
emphasizes that a manager's approach should vary according to the individual and environmental situation
contingency viewpoint
emphasizes that a manager's approach should vary according to---be contingent on---the individual and the environmental situation most practical of the viewpoints discussed so far because it addresses problems on a case-by-case basis
contingency viewpoint
emphasizes that a manager's approach should vary according to—that is, be contingent on—the individual and the environmental situation.
Wal-Mart may have supported stockholder interests at the expense of what other stakeholder group?
employees
Hawthorne effect
employees workers harder if they received added attention (Mayo, Fritz)
program
encompasses a range of projects or activities
Amanda gives all of her employees one afternoon a month to work on pet projects, just to spend time in the lab experimenting and thinking freely. She is acting in the ______ role.
entrepreneur
_________ means taking risks to try to create a new enterprise
entrepreneurship
Which of the following is not an area in which an organization must stay ahead of its competitors to achieve competitive advantage?
enviromental action
Administrative
establishing roles, relationships, and organizational processes
Which of these is a situation in which you have to decide whether to pursue a course of action that may benefit you or your organization but that is unethical or even illegal?
ethical dilemma
Standards of right and wrong that influence behavior are known as
ethics
__________ managers believe that their native country, culture, language, and behavior are superior to all others.
ethnocentric
________ management means translating principles based on best evidence into organizational practice, bringing rationality to the decision-making process.
evidence-based
The __________ is the rate at which one country's currency can be exchanged for another country's currency.
exchange rate
Defenders
expert at producing and selling narrowly defined products.
A company that is producing goods domestically and sells them outside the country is involved in
exporting
Mission Statement
expresses the purpose of the organization
In the implementation of evidence-based management, the best diagnostic question is, "What story will sell this idea?"
false
Max Weber
felt a bureaucracy was a rational, efficient, ideal organization based on principles of logic organizations should have 1) A well-defined hierarchy of authority 2) Formal rules and procedures 3) A clear division of labor with parts of a complex job being handled by specialists 4)Impersonality, without reference to a specific person 5) Careers based on merit
Operational planning is completed by
first-line management
Managers who make short-term operating decisions and direct the daily tasks of the nonmanagerial employees are called
first-line managers
Managers who make short-term operating decisions and direct the daily tasks of the nonmanagerial employees are called
first-line managers.
boundaryless organization
fluid, highly-adaptive organization whose members, linked by information technology, come together to collaborate on common tasks; the collaborators may include competitiors, suppliers, and customers
Prospectors
focus on developing new products and in seeking out new markets, rather than waiting for things to happen.
operations management
focuses on managing the production and delivery of an organization's products or services more effectively
Operations management
focuses on managing the production and delivery of an organization's products or services more effectively.
quality assurance
focuses on the performance of workers, urging employees to strive for "zero defects."
Management science
focuses on using mathematics to aid in problem solving and decision making
The movement of goods and services among nations without political or economic obstruction is called
free trade
middle management
functional managers, product line managers, department managers. Implement policies and plans of top management, supervise and coordinate activities of first line managers below, make decisions often without base of clearly defined information procedures.
Demographic forces are part of the __________ environment of organizations.
general
Economic forces are part of an organization's
general environment.
The trend of the world economy toward becoming a more interdependent system is called
globalization
interpersonal skills
got to play well with others.
Last summer a representative of OSHA, the agency responsible for enforcing health and safety regulations, visited one of Armando's construction sites and his company, Build Your Dream, Inc. was fined for several violations. To this company, OSHA represents a _____, part of an organizations'_____.
government regulators; task environment
Maslow
heirarchy of needs physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self actualization
who was known as "the father of industrial psychology"?
hugo munsterberg
According to researcher Robert Katz, which of the following is one of three principal skills acquired by experienced managers?
human
______ skills consist of the ability to work well in cooperation with other people to get things done.
human
which of the following is one of the phases in the development of the behavioral viewpoint?
human relations movement
Which of the following is a cultural dimension in the GLOBE project?
humane orientation
External dimensions of diversity
include an element of choice; they consist of the personal characteristics that people acquire, discard, or modify throughout their lives: educational background, marital status, parental status, religion, income, geographic location, work experience, recreational habits, appearance, personal habits.
Organizational dimensions
include management status, union affliction, work location, seniority, work content, and division
general environment
includes six forces: economic, technological, sociocultural, demographic, political-legal, and international.
Historical Perspective
includes three viewpoints, classical, behavioral, and quantitative
Which of the following dimensions is an example of a secondary dimension on the diversity wheel?
income
Employees of an organization are considered to be
internal stakeholders.
administrative management
is concerned with managing the total organization
personality
is defined as the stable physical and mental characteristics responsible for a person's identity.
quality control
is defined as the strategy for minimizing errors by managing each stage of production
justice approach
is guided by respect for impartial standards of fairness and equity
moral-rights approach
is guided by respect for the fundamental rights of human beings
utilitarian approach
is guided by what will result in the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
general managers
is responsible for several organizational activities.
Erica is a structural engineer who works for a large international firm. She designs the concrete and steel structures that support most large buildings. Because of her high level of technical skills, Erica is best referred to as a
knowledge worker
The ______ a group is, the ______ the quality of the decision.
larger;lower
According to Kohlberg, managers who reach the highest level of moral development
lead by empowering others.
According to Kohlberg, managers who reach the highest level of moral development:
lead by empowering others.
Which of the following is an interpersonal managerial role?
leader role
total quality management
led by top management and supported throughout the organization, dedicated to continuous quality improvement, training, and customer satisfaction 1) make continuous improvement a priority 2) get every employee involved 3) listen to and learn from customers and employees 4)use accurate standards to identify and eliminate problems
Analyzers
let other organizations take the risks of product development and marketing and then imitate what seems to work best.
When a company allows a foreign firm to pay it a fee to make or distribute the first company's product or service it is called
licensing
Vision Statement
long term goal describing what an organization wants to become, clear sense of the future and the actions needed to get there
The individual approach is guided by what will result in the individual's ________ best interests, which ultimately are in everyone's self-interest.
long-term
In a(n) ______, shared meanings are primarily derived from written and spoken words rather than situational cues.
low context culture
The general environment of an organization is also known as its
macroenvironment
Reactors
make adjustments only when finally forced to by environmental pressures
top managers
make long-term decisions about the overall direction of the organization and establish the objectives, policies, and strategies for it.
first-line managers
make short-term operating decisions, directing the daily tasks of nonmanagerial personnel, who are, of course, all those people who work directly at their jobs but don't oversee the work of others.
Which of the following is the first step in the planning/control cycle?
make the plan
the planning/control cycle
make the plan, carry out the plan, control the direction by comparing results with the plan, control the direction by taking corrective action in two ways; correcting deviations and improving future plans
The pursuit of organizational goals efficiently and effectively by integrating the work of people through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the organization's resources is called
management
______ focuses on using mathematics to aid in problem solving and decision making.
management science
Which level of management is most often engaged in tactical planning?
middle managers
The statement which expresses the purpose of an organization is called a(n)
mission statement
Performance is maximized when goals are
moderately difficult to challenging
Controlling
monitor performance, compare it with goals, and take corrective action as needed
______ time is a preference for doing one thing at a time.
monochronic
differential rate system
more efficient workers earn higher wages
Between the years 2010 and 2030, the number of U.S. citizens over the age of 65 is expected to
more than double
______ is a trading status that describes a condition in which a country grants other countries favorable trading treatment such as a reduction of import duties.
most favored nation
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth identified 17 basic units of ______, each of which they called a "therblig."
motion
Leading
motivate, direct, and otherwise influence people to work hard to achieve the organization's goals
A business firm with operations in several countries is known as a(n):
multinational corporation.
Estevez- Richmond, Inc. is a large civil engineering firm with operations in the U.S., Mexico, Costa Rica and Guatemala. The company is a
multinational corporation.
Great Challenge is a nonprofit organization that assists several African nations with large infrastructure development projects. Great Challenge is a(n)
multinational organization.
The _________ effect states that a manager's influence on the organization has implications far beyond the results that can be achieved by one person acting alone.
multiplier
The _________ effect states that your influence on the organization is multiplied far beyond the results that can be achieved by just one person acting alone.
multiplier
A(n) _______ system continually interacts with its environment.
open
diversification 176
operating several businesses in order to spread the risk.
defensive strategy 164
or a retrenchment strategy is a grand strategy that involves reduction in the organization's efforts.
e-commerce
or electronic commerce—the buying and selling of goods or services over computer networks
People who can focuse an organization as their legal property are called
owners
A narrow view in which people see things solely through their own perspective is known as
parochialism
competitors
people or organizations that compete for customers or resources
Focusing on the performance of workers and urging employees to strive for zero defects is called
quality assurance.
The strategy for minimizing errors by managing each stage of production is called
quality control
Applying techniques like statistics and computer simulations to management are characteristic of the ______ viewpoint.
quantitative
Management science and operations management are the two branches of ______ management.
quantitative
Behavioral science approach
relies on scientific research for developing theory to provide practical management tools
diversity
represents all the ways people are unlike and alike—the differences and similarities in age, gender, race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, capabilities, and socioeconomic background
ethical climate
represents employees' perceptions about the extent to which work environments support ethical behavior.
clawbacks
rescinding the tax breaks when firms don't deliver promised jobs?
which of the following is an example of a decisional role that managers play?
resource allocator
The "R" in S.M.A.R.T. goals stand for
results-oriented
Planning is defined as
setting goals and deciding how to achieve them
A ______ plan is developed for activities that are not likely to be repeated in the future, whereas a ______ plan is a plan developed for activities that occur repeatedly over a period of time.
single-use; standing
which of the following is a discipline that is part of behavioral science?
sociology
Taylor called the tendency for people to deliberately work at less than full capacity
soldiering
Stakeholders
someone who has an interest in your company
entrepreneur
someone who starts a new company that grows
knowledge worker
someone whos occupation is principally concerned with generating or interpereting information as opposed to manual labor using their brains rather than the sweat of their brows
After the disastrous oil spill in the gulf, many consumers decided to avoid BP products, many even joining a popular "Boycott BP" Facebook page. Stuart runs an independent BP gas station in Louisiana and his business suffered from this consumer response. In this instance, boycotters would be considered a _____, part of the gas station's ______ environment.
special-interest group; task
goals
specific commitment to achieve a measurable result within a stated period of time, also known as an objective, strategic, tactical, operational
A SMART goal is one that is
specific, measurable, attainable, results-oriented, and has target dates.
A career that is upwardly mobile, with a number of jobs that are fundamentally different yet still build on one another is known as a(n) ______ career.
spiral
Eliza is assigned to hold a press conference that discusses the company's plans to close three underperforming branches after several years and several rounds of changes in trying to keep them open. Eliza is performing the _______ role.
spokesperson
A U.S. company agrees with a foreign company to start a new enterprise together in a foreign country, sharing the risks and the rewards. This is called a
strategic alliance
Two organizations who join forces to achieve advantages neither can perform as well alone would be called
strategic allies
There are three levels of planning. Their order, from first to last, is
strategic, tactical, and operational
Contemporary Viewpoint
systems, contingency, quality management
In seeking competitive advantage, the first law of business is to
take care of the customer
Polycentric managers
take the view that native managers in the foreign offices best understand native personnel and practices, and so the home office should leave them alone
______ skills consist of the job-specific knowledge needed to perform well in a specialized field
technical
Skills to be a manager
technical, interpersonal, conceptual, diagnostics, political
New developments in methods for transforming resources into goods or services are called
technological forces.
Hawthorne effect
that employees worked harder if they recieved adequate attention, if they thought that managers cared about their welfare and supervisors paid special attention to them good human relations can increase productivity
Competitive advantage
the ability of an organization to produce goods or services more effectively than competitors do, thereby outperforming them
quantitative management
the application to management of quantitative techniques, such as statistics and computer simulations. Two branches are Management Science Operations Management
quantitative management
the application to management of quantitative techniques, such as statistics and computer simulations. Two branches of quantitative management are management science Sometimes called operations research; branch of quantitative management; method of solving management problems by using mathematics to aid in problem solving and decision making and operations management A branch of quantitative management; effective management of the production and delivery of an organization's products or services.
internet
the global network of independently operating but interconnected computers, linking hundreds of thousands of smaller networks around the world.
insider trading
the illegal trading of a company's stock by people using confidential company information.
Feedback
the info about the reaction of the environment to the outputs that affect the inputs
glass ceiling
the metaphor for an invisible barrier preventing women and minorities from being promoted to top executive jobs.
corporate social responsibility (CSR)
the notion that corporations are expected to go above and beyond following the law and making a profit.
Transformation Processes
the organization's capabilities in management and technology that are applied to converting inputs to outputs
value systems
the pattern of values within an organization
outputs
the products, services, profits, losses, employee satisfaction or discontent, and the like that are produced by the organization whatever comes out of the system
execution 178
they say is not simply tactics it is a central part of any company's strategy. It consists of using questioning, analysis, and follow-through to mesh strategy with reality, align people with goals, and achieve the results promised.
To be effective means?
to achieve results, to make the results, to make the right decisions, and to successfully carry them out so that they can achieve organizational goals
first line management
unit managers, team leaders, first line supervisors. Direct daily tasks of nonmanagerial personnel; decisions often predictable, following well defined set of routine procedures
Characteristics of the American _______ class include lack of education, marginal housing in unsafe neighborhoods, and high levels of injurious consumption
upper-lower
The American social class that is composed of poorly educated individuals with very low incomes who work as unskilled laborers, mostly in minimum-wage jobs, is the _____ class
upper-lower
e-business
using the Internet to facilitate every aspect of running a business
In considering a large-scale layoff, a manager performs a cost-benefit analysis and determines that profits will be greatest if she proceeds. She is using the ______ approach to guide her decision regarding an ethical dilemma.
utilitarian
______ reflects the extent to which a person focuses on either task and technical concerns or people and social concerns when making decisions.
value orientation
quality management viewpoint
which includes quality control, quality assurance, and total quality management
quality-management viewpoint
which includes quality control, quality assurance, and total quality management, deserves to be considered because of the impact of this kind of thinking on contemporary management perspectives.
Americans with disabilities act
which prohibits discrimination against the disabled and requires organizations to reasonably accommodate an individual's disabilities.
human relations movement
which proposed that better human relations could increase worker productivity
Ariel is an employee in a manufacturing plant who works the graveyard shift, midnight to 8am. One night, she saw one of her managers dumping some chemicals down a storm drain in the parking lot. When she confronted him, he said this was standard procedure for some waste materials to avoid other costly disposal measures. When Ariel wrote a letter about it to the local newspaper she was a(n)
whistleblower
GO Sun was a small solar research company in Colorado. It was recently purchased by a much larger alternative energy firm in Germany. Go Sun is now a ______ of the German corporation.
wholly owned subsidiary
Administrative management
• Concerned with managing the total organization • improve productivity by improving organization
Kohlberg's Theories
• Level 1, pre conventional - follows rules • Level 2, conventional - follows expectations of others • Level 3, post conventional - guided by internal values
Multinational corporation
• business firm with operations in several countries
Theory X- type of managers (McGregor)
• represents a pessimistic, negative view of workers • workers are irresponsible, resistant to change, lack ambition, hate worker, and want to be led
Theory Y- type of managers (McGregor)
• represents an optimistic, positive view of workers • workers are considered capable of accepting responsibility, self-direction, self control, and being creative
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
• self-actualization • esteem • social • safety • physiological • incentives to get a raise for food and water/ provide more so that workers can life a more fulfilling life
Barriers to Diversity
• stereotypes and prejudices • fear of reverse discrimination • resistance to diversity program priorities • unsupportive social atmosphere • lack of support for family demands •lack of support of career building steps
Global economy
• the increasing tendency of the economies of the world to interact with one another as one market instead of many national markets
Audrey works for a large electronics company as a payroll manager. She has just attended a software training where she learned new tools that she thinks will benefit her staff. On the plane home Audrey began planning how she would train everyone in order to help her department reach its goals. Audrey's approach is most characteristic of what type of organization?
A learning organization
Travis, an accounting manager at a hospital equipment company, has just attended software training where he learned new processes that could benefit his staff. On the plane home he began planning how he would train everyone in order to help the department reach its goals. Travis's approach is most characteristic of what type of organization?
A management science organization.
The essence of the classical viewpoint is that...
A rational approach can be used to boost productivity.
According to Deming, quality stemmed from a steady focus on the organization's mission and...
A reduction in production variation.
David is an architect, and the steps he takes in designing and drawing commercial buildings would be considered which part of his organization's system?
A transformation process
Which management viewpoint seems to be the most practical because it addresses problems on a case-by-case basis and varies the solution accordingly? A) contingency viewpoint B) behavioral viewpoint C) systems viewpoint D) quality-management viewpoint E) quantitative viewpoint
A) contingency viewpoint
Economic forces are part of an organization's: A) general environment B) microenvironment C) task environment D) controllable forces E) external shareholders
A) general environment
Which of the following is more characteristic of an entrepreneur than a manager? A) high self-confidence B) motivated by organizational rewards C) high need for achievement D) external locus of control E) belief in personal control of destiny
A) high self-confidence
China and Mexico are ______ cultures, relying on nonverbal cues as to another person's official position, status, or family connections. A) high-context B) feminine C) high power distance D) humane oriented E) low assertiveness
A) high-context
To maintain competitive advantage, an organization must stay ahead in which of the following areas? A) innovation B) internal feedback C) speed D) human resources E) marketing
A) innovation
Underlying both Maslow's and McGregor's theories is the somewhat controversial notion that ______ leads to greater worker performance. A) job satisfaction B) conflict management C) a mechanistic workplace D) soldiering E) understanding of rules and procedures
A) job satisfaction
According to Kohlberg, managers who reach the highest level of moral development: A) lead by empowering others B) obey authority to avoid unpleasant consequences C) lead by encouragement and cooperation D) adhere to the expectations of others E) are autocratic in their management style
A) lead by empowering others
A joint venture is also called a: A) strategic alliance B) countertrading C) greenfield venture D) franchise E) dually-owned subsidiary
A) strategic alliance.
__________ was concerned with managing the total organization and was pioneered by Fayol and Weber. A. Administrative management B. Operations management C. Management science D. Scientific management E. Contemporary management
A. Administrative management
Which of the following is an assumption upon which the rational model of decision making rests? A. Decision makers can logically evaluate the alternatives. B. Consequences of any actions cannot be known. C. Decision makers typically have emotional blind spots. D. A decision maker will choose the option that is most ethical. E. Decision makers are unable to process all of the available information.
A. Decision makers can logically evaluate the alternatives.
______ values are the explicitly stated values and norms preferred by an organization. A. Espoused B. Inherent C. Enacted D. Expressed E. Internalized
A. Espoused
Jenna manages a retail store and she has been noticing long lines at checkout lately. She is unsure about increasing staffing levels right now, so she chooses to reconfigure the physical orientation of the checkout space to alleviate the problem for the time being. Jenna is using the ________ model. A. Incremental B. coalition C. rational D. predictive E. intuition
A. Incremental
______ focuses on using mathematics to aid in problem solving and decision making. A. Management science B. Behavioral science C. TQM D. Scientific management E. Administrative management
A. Management science
______ is a trading status that describes a condition in which a country grants other countries favorable trading treatment such as a reduction of import duties. A. Most favored nation B. Liberty status C. Protected trade D. Mercosur E. Free trading status
A. Most favored nation
Over 682,000 U.S. workers have lost their jobs because they were moved south of the border as a result of A. NAFTA. B. WTO. C. Mercosur. D. IMF. E. EU.
A. NAFTA.
______ focuses on managing the production and delivery of an organization's products or services more effectively. A. Operations management B. Systems management C. Scientific management D. A learning organization E. Administrative management
A. Operations management
Many investment advisors attribute their successful outcomes to skill, even when it is more likely luck, which is an example of which bias? A. Overconfidence. B. Escalation of commitment bias. C. Hindsight. D. Availability. E. Framing.
A. Overconfidence.
Which of the following is an implementation principle for evidence-based management described by Pfeffer and Sutton? A. See yourself as outsiders do. B. If all else fails, speed the spread of good practices. C. Reserve evidence-based management for top executives. D. Treat your organization as a trophy. E. Understand what happens when people succeed.
A. See yourself as outsiders do
Which of the following is a discipline that is part of behavioral science? A. Sociology B. Physics C. Computer science D. Biology E. Law
A. Sociology
Which of the following is an example of a nonprofit organization? A. The Humane Society B. The Democratic party C. State Farm Insurance D. American Institute of CPAs E. Teamsters Union
A. The Human Society
Which of the following is an example of a nonprofit organization? A. The Humane Society B. American Medical Association C. The Democratic party D. State Farm Insurance E. Teamsters Union
A. The Humane Society
Which of the following is an event that helped spur the inception of the global economy? A. The opening of Asian markets to foreign investors. B. Improved race relations worldwide. C. The industrial revolution. D. The invention of the Internet. E. The increasing regulation of economies across the world.
A. The opening of Asian markets to foreign investors.
Which of the following is a cultural dimension measured in the GLOBE project? A. Uncertainty avoidance B. Hierarchical structure C. Ethnic egalitarianism D. Profit seeking E. Ethical orientation
A. Uncertainty avoidance
Which of the following is characteristic of companies that use analytics? A. Use of predictive modeling B. Having a single, focused application for its use C. Information overload D. Use of competitive intelligence E. Making decisions intuitively
A. Use of predictive modeling
The ________ viewpoint emphasizes that a manager's actions should vary according to the situation. A. contingency B. quality-management C. flexible-management D. systems E. scenario
A. contingency
A graph of decisions and their possible consequences is known as a(n) A. decision tree. B. Gantt chart. C. results chart. D. outcome matrix. E. fishbone diagram.
A. decision tree.
The __________ is the rate at which one country's currency can be exchanged for another country's currency. A. exchange rate B. GATT C. terms of transaction D. interest rate E. return rate
A. exchange rate
Among the jobs titles at Greensboro Regional Hospital are Chief of Medical Services, Director of Administrative Services, and Director of Outpatient Services. Greensboro has a ______ structure. A. functional B. network C. simple D. divisional E. matrix
A. functional
Eli Lilly has agreed to let a South African company manufacture several of Eli Lilly's diabetes drugs and pay Eli Lilly a fee to distribute the drugs with a different brand name in South Africa. Eli Lilly is engaging in A. licensing. B. franchising. C. countertrading. D. a strategic alliance. E. a greenfield venture.
A. licensing.
An organization that contains two command structures, and in which some people actually report to two bosses, is a ______ structure. A. matrix B. bifunctional C. team-based D. hybrid E. network
A. matrix
An organization that contains two command structures, and in which some people actually report to two bosses, is a ______ structure. A. matrix B. bi-functional C. team-based D. hybrid E. network
A. matrix
The International Red Cross is an example of a A. multinational organization. B. multigovernment organization. C. international social corporation. D. multinational corporation. E. global philanthropy.
A. multinational organization.
Statistical sampling to locate errors by testing just some of the items in a particular production run is a ______ technique. A. quality control B. continuous improvement C. reengineering D. quality assurance E. total quality management
A. quality control
When a manager realizes that complete inaction will have negative consequences but opts for the first available alternative that involves low risk, it is called A. relaxed change. B. defensive avoidance. C. postponed action. D. relaxed avoidance. E. delayed decision.
A. relaxed change.
The obligation you have to perform the tasks assigned to you is called A. responsibility. B. accountability. C. delegation. D. authority. E. position power.
A. responsibility
The obligation you have to perform the tasks assigned to you is called A. responsibility. B. accountability. C. delegation. D. authority.
A. responsibility.
Toledo Fashions has decided its industry requires it to move to a more organic structure. Toledo should A. simplify and eliminate rules and procedures. B. centralize authority. C. clearly define job responsibilities. D. disband teams and task forces. E. add one or more layers of management.
A. simplify and eliminate rules and procedures
Montpellier Mediterranean Designs has decided that, as part of the fashion industry, it should move to a more organic structure. Montpellier should A. simplify and eliminate rules and procedures. B. centralize authority. C. clearly define job responsibilities. D. disband teams and task forces. E. focus on improving uniformity.
A. simplify and eliminate rules and procedures.
If you are happiest being a "hands-on" professional rather than becoming a manager, you may prefer a(n) ______ career. A. steady-state B. portfolio C. spiral D. inclining E. linear
A. steady-state
The principal organization that provides low-interest loans to developing nations for improving, for example, their transportation or education systems is A. the World Bank. B. the World Trade Organization. C. the International Monetary Fund. D. APEC. E. GATT.
A. the World Bank.
Productivity gains from MBO are higher when an organization has A. top-management commitment. B. few budget problems. C. team rather than individual performance reviews. D. union support. E. nonmanagerial employee support.
A. top-management commitment.
Public relations firm Crowley Communications has a single full-time employee, Jolene Crowley, who is in charge of contracting teams to work on projects as needed. Teams are spread throughout the United States and are made up of specialists linked by computers and telecommunications equipment. This is an example of a(n) ________ organization. A. virtual B. network C. outsourced D. modular E. hollow
A. virtual
Avon, the world's leading direct seller of beauty products, has a(n) ________ statement, which is "to be the company that best understands and satisfies the product, service, and self-fulfillment needs of women globally." A. vision B. intention C. goal D. mission E. rationale
A. vision
Which of the following is a major trading bloc?
APEC
Valence
According to Expectancy Theory, motivation is a function of expectancy, instrumentality, and
R1
According to Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership Theory, a worker who is unable, unwilling and lacks confidence is at this level of readiness
Hygiene Factors
According to Herzberg, these factors do not motivate if present, but, if absent, result in dissatisfaction
Describe the typical organization chart. What is a horizontal relationship compared to a vertical one? A solid line versus a dotted one?
An organization chart is a box-and-lines illustration showing the formal lines of authority and the organization's official positions or work specializations (see Figure 8.4). Two kinds of information that organization charts reveal about organizational structure are (1) the vertical hierarchy of authority—who reports to whom, and (2) the horizontal specialization—who specializes in what work. Line positions (authority to make decisions) are indicated on the organization chart by a solid line (usually a vertical line). Staff positions (authority functions that provide advice, recommendations, and research) are indicated on the organization chart by a dotted line (usually a horizontal line).
What are the advantages to your career of working overseas?
Anyone with international experience is likely to have a leg up, higher salary, and be more marketable. Foreign experience demonstrates independence, resourcefulness, and entrepreneurship, according to management recruiters. People who have worked abroad can generally move quickly and are nimble with inquiring minds. People who have worked and supported themselves overseas tend to be adaptive and inquisitive—valuable skills in today's workplace.
Which of the following approaches is characteristic of a manager using the contingency viewpoint?
Assessing the characteristics of particular situation before deciding what to do.
Which of the following is a major trading bloc? A. GATT B. APEC C. GLOBE D. IMF E. WTO
B. APEC
Which of the following is NOT a recommended option when you discover that an action is not working after a decision? A. Give the chosen solution more time. B. Abandon the solution in favor of the status quo. C. Try another alternative. D. Go back to the beginning of the decision-making process. E. Change the chosen solution slightly.
B. Abandon the solution in favor of the status quo.
__________ means that managers must report and justify work results to managers above them. A. Liability B. Accountability C. Delegation D. Hierarchical control E. Position power
B. Accountability
The "HP Way" at Hewlett-Packard fostered a culture of integrity, teamwork, and innovation that complemented the high-technology industry of the time. This is an example of which perspective? A. Strength perspective B. Fit perspective C. Match perspective D. Conditional perspective E. Adaptive perspective
B. Fit perspective
The "HP Way" at Hewlett-Packard fostered a culture of integrity, teamwork, and innovation that complemented the high-technology industry of the time. This is an example of which perspective? A. Strength perspective B. Fit perspective C. Match perspective D. Conditional perspective E. Adaptive perspective
B. Fit perspective
The ________ has had a role in trying to shore up some weaker European countries during the recent financial crisis, including making loans to Greece, Portugal, and Ireland. A. World Bank B. IMF C. WTO D. EU E. GATT
B. IMF
Which of the following is a step in the rational decision-making model? A. Seek consensus among leadership. B. Identify the problem or opportunity. C. Improve the chosen solution. D. Test solutions on a small scale. E. Implement a holding pattern.
B. Identify the problem or opportunity.
Which of the following is a primary reason that companies expand internationally? A. Political expediency B. Lower labor costs C. Higher tariffs D. More diverse employees E. Prevention of counterfeiting
B. Lower labor costs
The idea that the work process should be under the control of workers with the relevant knowledge, rather than that of managers, who should act as facilitators, was developed by A. Lillian Gilbreth. B. Mary Parker Follet. C. Max Weber. D. Hugo Munsterberg. E. Elton Mayo.
B. Mary Parker Follet.
Xerox Corporation is currently in what stage of its organizational life cycle? A. Decline stage B. Maturity stage C. Adolescent stage D. Youth stage E. Adult stage
B. Maturity stage
Xerox Corporation is currently in what stage of its organizational life cycle? A. Birth stage B. Maturity stage C. Adolescent stage D. Youth stage E. Adult stage
B. Maturity stage
Which of the following is a stage in the life of an organization? A. Introduction B. Midlife C. Decline D. Adolescent E. Growth
B. Midlife
Which of the following is an example of an observable artifact? A. Enacted norms B. Myths about the company C. Basic assumptions D. Core values E. Internal values
B. Myths about the company
Research on the effects of participative management (PM) on employees' performance and satisfaction indicates that A. PM has no effect on either. B. PM has a small positive effect on both. C. PM has a large effect on satisfaction, but a small effect on performance. D. PM has a large positive effect on both. E. PM has a large effect on performance, but no significant effect on satisfaction.
B. PM has a small positive effect on both.
Which of the following countries is a member of Mercosur? A. China B. Paraguay C. Greece D. Panama E. Mexico
B. Paraguay
Which of the following is a type of objective for MBO? A. Profitability B. Personal development C. Market share D. Social responsibility E. Ethics
B. Personal development
________ goals are set by and for middle managers and focus on the actions needed to achieve ________ goals. A. Strategic; operational B. Tactical; strategic C. Strategic; tactical D. Tactical; operational E. Operational; tactical
B. Tactical; strategic
Amanda was a tough manager and made it a regular practice to check up on her staff, looking for cheating on timesheets and people coming back late from lunch. Her employees were often dissatisfied with Amanda since she was a(n) ________ manager. A. operations B. Theory X C. soldiering D. Hawthorne E. administrative
B. Theory X
The __________ is designed to monitor and enforce trade agreements. A. World Bank B. WTO C. IMF D. GATT E. EU
B. WTO
Behavioral science research suggests that ________ doesn't necessarily promote excellence, and actually can make people hostile. A. the Hawthorne effect B. competition C. soldiering D. industrial espionage E. integration
B. competition
The study of how order and pattern arise from very complicated, apparently chaotic systems is known as A. total quality management. B. complexity theory. C. quality assurance. D. systems analysis. E. transformation process.
B. complexity theory.
A company that barters goods for other goods is involved in A. outsourcing. B. countertrading. C. importing. D. exporting. E. franchising.
B. countertrading.
Customers lined up for hours to be among the first to purchase the new iPad. The excitement for the product would be considered ______ in the system. A. an input B. feedback C. an output D. affirmation E. a transformation process
B. feedback
Joseph Juran defined quality as ________, which meant that a product or service should satisfy a customer's real needs. A. value orientation B. fitness for use C. need fulfillment D. functional capacity E. feature superiority
B. fitness for use
The movement of goods and services among nations without political or economic obstruction is called A. trade policy. B. free trade. C. trade protectionism. D. privatization. E. trade embargo.
B. free trade.
The trend of the world economy toward becoming a more interdependent system is called A. international cooperation. B. globalization. C. world partnership. D. economic defragmentation. E. international unification.
B. globalization.
The goal to "improve the quality of customer service by instituting follow-up telephone calls this month" is not a SMART goal because it is A. unlikely to align with higher level goals. B. not measurable. C. too simplistic. D. not results oriented. E. unlikely to result in improvement to customer service.
B. not measurable.
Portia is meeting with her subordinates to determine which workers from her department need training in order to handle production increases expected during the next nine months. Portia is involved in A. vision development. B. operational planning. C. controlling. D. tactical planning. E. developing an MBO.
B. operational planning.
The constant feedback loop of the ______ is designed to ensure plans stay headed in the right direction. A. means-end chain B. planning/control cycle C. control system D. project management method E. project planning sequence
B. planning/control cycle
Management instituted a new ______ in Yichao's workplace that "employees who are more than 15 minutes late to work without calling a supervisor will be given a written warning." A. policy B. rule C. procedure D. project E. program
B. rule
Alita is participating with other division heads in a discussion about new international competition for the firm and what the organization's goals should be for the next three years. She is participating in A. tactical planning. B. strategic planning. C. operational planning. D. controlling. E. writing a mission statement.
B. strategic planning.
The ______ perspective assumes that the strength of a corporate culture is related to a firm's long-term financial performance. A. market B. strength C. fit D. objective E. adaptive
B. strength
One of the typical devices for transmitting culture, a(n) ______ is an object, act, quality, or event that conveys meaning to others. A. icon B. symbol C. sign D. representation E. ritual
B. symbol
One of the typical devices for transmitting culture, a(n) ______ is an object, act, quality, or event that conveys meaning to others. A. icon B. symbol C. sign D. representation E. ritual
B. symbol
The EU has recently agreed to cut the taxes it charges on bananas imported from Central and South America. This tax is a type of A. embargo. B. tariff. C. import quota. D. predatory selling. E. boycott.
B. tariff.
According to productivity expert Odette Pollar, which of the following should a manager delegate? A. Emergencies B. Tasks that challenge subordinates C. Special tasks your boss has asked you to do D. Personnel matters E. Confidential matters
B. tasks that challenge subordinates
Explain the three primary barriers to free trade that can exist, and why a country might erect such barriers. Give an example of each.
Barriers include protective tariffs, import quotas, and embargoes. Countries often use such barriers as a form of trade protectionism, the use of government regulations to limit the import of goods and services, to protect their domestic industries against foreign competition. The justification they often use is that this saves jobs. Tariffs are duties or taxes levied on imports. Tariffs may be used to raise money for the government (revenue tariffs) or to protect domestic production (protective tariffs). An example of the second type is the U.S. tariff on Chinese tires. Import quotas are limits on the numbers of a product that can be imported. These also protect domestic industries. The United States has also used this technique to protect domestic steel production against Japanese competition. Embargoes are complete bans on import or export of particular products. This may be done to protect domestic production or for reasons of foreign policy or protection of technological secrets. For example, the United States has banned the import of Cuban cigars and sugar for political reasons.
______ managers tend to believe that they can export the managers and practices of their home countries to anywhere in the world and that they will be more capable and reliable. A) Unicentric B) Polycentric C) Ethnocentric D) Concentric E) Geocentric
C) Ethnocentric
______ dimensions of diversity are those human differences that exert a powerful, sustained effect throughout every stage of our lives. A) Permanent B) Transformative C) Internal D) Enduring E) External
C) Internal
Which management pioneer touted the positive aspects of bureaucracy? A) Frederick Taylor B) Lillian Gilbreth C) Max Weber D) Elton Mayo E) Mary Parker Follett
C) Max Weber
A(n) ______ consists of a formal written set of ethical standards guiding an organization's actions. A) ethical climate B) mission statement C) code of ethics D) corporate credo E) values assessment
C) code of ethics
When an organization uses _________, every aspect of running the business is facilitated by the Internet. A) collaborative computing B) project management software C) e-business D) databases E) e-commerce
C) e-business
To be ______ means to use resources including people, money and raw materials, wisely and cost-effectively. A) resourceful B) proficient C) efficient D) effective E) competent
C) efficient
Which of the following is an interpersonal managerial role? A) negotiator role B) monitor role C) leader role D) spokesperson role E) disturbance handler role
C) leader role
The two branches of quantitative management are management science and: A) quality management B) contingency management C) operations management D) systems management E) production management
C) operations management
Employees, owners, and ______ are an organization's internal stakeholders. A) customers B) lenders C) the board of directors D) unions E) partners
C) the board of directors
Job instability, economic insecurity, and a sense of turmoil are among the negatives of: A) partnering with a foreign company B) avoiding tariffs C) the global economy D) e-commerce E) megamergers
C) the global economy
The economic community that includes China and Thailand is the A. NAFTA. B. EU. C. ASEAN. D. Mercosur. E. IMF.
C. ASEAN.
Which of the following characteristics of groups may lead to groupthink? A. Too little information available to the group B. Errors in the information available to the group C. Overconfidence D. Disagreements among the members E. Diversity in the group \
C. Overconfidence
Cara was enthusiastic about the new decision technique being used at her office. Everyone gathered in a room with their computers and typed responses anonymously. These appeared on the screen in the front of the room. Cara felt comfortable participating fully even though she was new to the company, and by the great number of comments, it seemed that everyone else did, too. Cara participated in A. the Delphi technique. B. collaborative management. C. a group-driven computer-aided system. D. a chauffeur-driven computer aided system. E. brainstorming.
C. a group-driven computer-aided system.
At Birney Electronics, all purchasing, hiring, and production decisions are made by top management. Birney has ______ authority. A. classical B. wide C. centralized D. for-profit E. matrix
C. centralized
In terms of difficulty, the best goals are A. just beyond what is achievable, to maximize motivation. B. easy to attain, so failure will not hurt morale. C. challenging but realistic. D. impossible to really reach, because they are meant only to be idealistic and inspirational. E. easy or hard, since both work equally well.
C. challenging but realistic.
Over her years as a manager, Rose has had a very diverse group of employees; some were very interested in the financial rewards the company offered while others really would prefer extra time off or even to be recognized at the monthly department meetings. Rose should consider the ______ viewpoint of management in this case. A. behavioral B. systems C. contingency D. variance management E. classical
C. contingency
) The process of assigning meaningful authority and responsibility to managers and employees lower in the hierarchy is called A. designation. B. accountability. C. delegation. D. authority. E. allocation.
C. delegation
The process of assigning meaningful authority and responsibility to managers and employees lower in the hierarchy is called A. designation. B. accountability. C. delegation. D. execution. E. allocation.
C. delegation.
South Korea recently lifted its ban on beef and beef products imported from Canada, one that had originated because of cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) among Canadian cattle. The ban is an example of a(n) A. revenue tariff. B. boycott. C. embargo. D. protective tariff. E. import quota.
C. embargo.
Galen is temporarily working with a group with membership from different departments in his company on a special project, yet he still has all of responsibilities of his regular job and still reports to the same manager. This is an example of A. matrix structure. B. work dispersion. C. horizontal design. D. hybrid workgroups. E. network clustering.
C. horizontal design.
Seref purchases handcrafted Turkish rugs overseas and brings them to the United States to sell in his retail store. He is involved in A. outsourcing. B. countertrading. C. importing. D. franchising. E. exporting.
C. importing.
A formal chain of command, standardization of rules and procedures, and use of cross-functional teams enhance an organization's A. assimilation. B. differentiation. C. integration. D. decentralization. E. centralization.
C. integration
Among the recommendations of Mary Parker Follett was that A. motion studies should be made of every job. B. managers should design and control the work process. C. integration should occur in organizations when conflicts arise. D. a competitive environment is most conducive to productivity. E. everyone should understand their roles: managers as order-givers, and employees as order-takers.
C. integration should occur in organizations when conflicts arise.
A formal chain of command, standardization of rules and procedures, and use of cross-functional teams enhance an organization's A. assimilation. B. differentiation. C. integration. D. decentralization. E. centralization.
C. integration.
Making a choice without the use of conscious thought or logical interference is called A. reactive decision. B. irrational insight. C. intuition. D. instinctual choice. E. heuristics.
C. intuition.
China does not allow foreign car manufacturers to sell vehicles independently in its country but instead requires them to partner with a Chinese company. This type of partnership is known as a A. franchise agreement. B. countertrade. C. joint venture. D. maquiladora. E. greenfield venture.
C. joint venture.
The tools of ______ are useful for UPS and FedEx in deciding how many employees and aircraft should be scheduled during the month of December. A. scientific management B. soldiering C. management science D. the Hawthorne studies E. efficiency management
C. management science
In a functional structure, people with ______ are grouped together. A. similar levels of authority B. temporary jobs on the same project C. similar occupational specialties D. jobs related to similar products E. jobs in the same geographic region
C. similar occupational specialties
In a functional structure, people with ______ are grouped together. A. similar levels of authority B. temporary jobs on the same project C. similar occupational specialties D. jobs related to similar products E. jobs in the same geographic region
C. similar occupational specialties
A career that is upwardly mobile, with a number of jobs that are fundamentally different yet still build on one another is known as a(n) ______ career. A. steady-state B. portfolio C. spiral D. inclining E. linear
C. spiral
On an organizational chart, a dotted line indicates a(n) A. outside company. B. line position. C. staff position. D. temporary employee. E. non-managerial employee.
C. staff position
On an organizational chart, a dotted line typically indicates a(n) A. outside company. B. line position. C. staff position. D. temporary employee. E. nonmanagerial employee.
C. staff position.
Managers at Cimarron Saddlery expect to meet profitability goals for the company by cutting costs through a 70% increase in global sourcing of leather and other materials over the next two years. This is an example of a(n) A. supervision objective. B. operational goal. C. tactical goal. D. maintenance objective. E. strategic goal.
C. tactical goal.
Aurelia is working with a group from different departments in her company on a special project, yet she still has all of responsibilities of her regular job and still reports to the same manager. Aurelia is working in a ______ structure. A. matrix B. work cluster C. team-based D. hybrid E. network
C. team-based
In an organic organization, A. authority is centralized. B. bureaucracy is essential. C. the need to respond to unexpected tasks is common. D. many rules and procedures exist. E. success is possible only when the environment is stable. In an organic organization, authority is decentralized, there are fewer rules and procedure
C. the need to respond to unexpected tasks is common.
When conducting business in English in Asia, if the answer to a question is "yes," one should assume that means A. with certainty. B. no. C. the question is understood. D. I can be persuaded. E. this is fair.
C. the question is understood.
In an organic organization, A. authority is centralized. B. communication is formal. C. the span of control is wide. D. tasks are highly specialized. E. many rules and procedures exist.
C. the span of control is wide
In deciding to decide about a problem or opportunity, a manager should evaluate the importance of the situation, the credibility of the information, and A. the equitability of the outcomes. B. the availability of heuristics. C. the urgency of the situation. D. the cost of the solution. E. the ethics of making no change.
C. the urgency of the situation.
The earliest forms of communication, the hallmark of great civilizations, were based on A. personal relationships. B. technology. C. transportation. D. warfare. E. agriculture.
C. transportation.
Skoda Auto, originally a Czech company and one that still manufactures there as well as in other international locations, is one of the largest automakers in Central Europe. In 2000, its acquisition by Germany's Volkswagen Group was complete, and it is now one of four brands for that company. Skoda is now a ______ of Volkswagen. A. maquiladora B. strategically C. wholly owned subsidiary D. greenfield venture E. licensee
C. wholly owned subsidiary
bounded rationality., (The bounded rationality concept suggests that the ability of decision makers to be rational is limited by numerous constraints, such as complexity. The problems that need solving are often exceedingly complex, beyond understanding.)
Candace and other managers in her firm are trying to make some decisions about global expansion. They are struggling to understand the risks, given the complexity of world markets today and recent global instabilities. The difficulty Candace's team is facing prevents perfectly rational decision making, and is an example of
environmental scanning., (Environmental scanning is careful monitoring of an organization's internal and external environments to detect early signs of opportunities and threats that may influence the firm's plans.)
Careful monitoring of an organization's internal and external environment to detect early signs of opportunities and threats that may influence the firm's plans is called
groupthink, (Groupthink occurs when group members strive to agree for the sake of unanimity and thus avoid accurately assessing the decision situation. Here the positive team spirit of the group actually works against sound judgment.)
Carla talked with Maddie after their task force meeting, and they discovered that neither of them had been in favor of dropping some items from next year's budget, yet neither spoke up. Both wanted to be supportive of the group instead. This is an example of
joint venture, (A U.S. firm may form a joint venture, also known as a strategic alliance, with a foreign company to share the risks and rewards of starting a new enterprise together in a foreign country. Sometimes a joint venture is the only way an American company can have a presence in a certain country, whose laws may forbid foreigners from ownership. Indeed, in China, this is the only way foreign cars may be sold in that country.)
China does not allow foreign car manufacturers to sell vehicles independently in its country but instead requires them to partner with a Chinese company. This type of partnership is known as a
Many technology companies are hesitant to involve customers in the development of their products, since they are trying to protect their latest products and ideas from competitors' attempts to replicate them. This typically results in a fairly ______ system.
Closed
The study of how order and pattern arise from very complicated, apparently chaotic systems is known as ______.
Complexity theory
The study of how order and pattern arise from very complicated, apparently chaotic systems is known as _______.
Complexity theory
Despite the appeal of the opportunity, Samantha decided to delay taking her product to foreign markets because she felt that her current personnel did not have enough international experience. She was exhibiting ______ skills.
Conceptual
The ability to think analytically is associated with ______ skills.
Conceptual
Systems, contingency, and quality-management viewpoints are part of the ________ perspective.
Contemporary
The systems, contingency, and quality-management viewpoints are part of the ________ perspective on management.
Contemporary
Over her years as a manager, Rose has had a very diverse group of employees; some were very interested in the financial rewards the company offered while others really would prefer extra time off or even to be recognized at the monthly department meetings. Rose should consider the ______ viewpoint of management in this case.
Contingency
Monitoring performance and taking corrective action as needed is called ______.
Controlling
Of the following, which is one of the functions of management described by Fayol?
Coordinating
Kelly runs a growing business in Birmingham and wants to do more than lead a successful and law-abiding company. She intends to make a difference in her community by helping with issues like poverty and high unemployment. Kelly believes in...
Corporate social responsibility
Which of the following is most likely to help build a learning organization?
Create a psychologically safe environment.
When a college of medicine discovers that nursing student enrollments are down from the previous years, and decides to update the courses offered, it is performing which of the functions of management? A) correcting B) planning C) leading D) controlling E) organizing
D) controlling
Joseph Juran defined quality as ______, meaning a product or service should satisfy a customer's real needs. A) real serviceability B) functional worth C) user-friendly D) fitness for use E) useable value
D) fitness for use
A business firm with operations in several countries is known as a(n): A) multinational organization B) global operation C) international organization D) multinational corporation E) global firm
D) multinational corporation
The historical perspective of management includes three viewpoints: classical, behavioral and: A) quality B) systems C) contingency D) quantitative E) management science
D) quantitative
Which ethical approach are managers using when among alternatives they prefer the option that results in the best financial performance? A) moral-rights approach B) impartiality approach C) individual approach D) utilitarian approach E) justice approach
D) utilitarian approach
What is the time frame of an operational plan? A. 2-10 years B. 1-5 years C. 6-24 months D. 1-52 weeks E. 1-90 days
D. 1-52 weeks
Which of the following is a good reason to avoid delegating tasks? A. A wish to keep subordinates from taking risks B. To avoid making subordinates deal with a difficult client C. A desire to keep an enjoyable part of the job D. A fear that sensitive personnel matters will not be kept private E. A concern that subordinates could do a better job
D. A fear that sensitive personnel will not be kept private
If a business lacks insight or fails to use the adaptive cycle properly, it is likely to be which of the following? A. A prospector B. An analyzer C. A defender D. A reactor E. An imitator
D. A reactor
"Mindfulness" is characterized by which of the following attributes? A. Acting from a single perspective. B. Automatic behavior. C. Belief in one right way. D. Active engagement. E. Protecting traditional ideas.
D. Active engagement.
Which of the following is a form of trade protectionism? A. A trade bloc B. A countertrade C. A revenue tariff D. An embargo E. Outsourcing
D. An embargo
Which of the following approaches is characteristic of a manager using the contingency viewpoint? A. Purchasing new technology to improve efficiency. B. Simplifying the steps of the work process. C. Using motivational techniques to boost worker productivity. D. Assessing the characteristics of particular situation before deciding what to do. E. Performing a motion study.
D. Assessing the characteristics of particular situation before deciding what to do.
Which of the following is a decision-making style based on the dimensions of value orientation and tolerance for ambiguity? A. professional B. personal C. technological D. Behavioral E. Mechanical
D. Behavioral
The competing values framework classifies organizational cultures into which of the following? A. Stable, flexible, and laddered cultures B. Observable, flexible, competitive, and driven cultures C. Symbolic, heroic, and basic cultures D. Clan, adhocracy, market, and hierarchy cultures E. Observable, espoused, and core cultures
D. Clan, adhocracy, market, and hierarchy cultures
Which of the following was a positive feature of bureaucracy, according to Max Weber? A. Generalists in the workplace. B. A flat organization with little hierarchy of authority. C. Hiring and promotion based on social status. D. Clear division of labor. E. Flexible rules and procedures.
D. Clear division of labor.
Improving future plans is part of which step in the planning/control cycle? A. Making the plan. B. Carrying out the plan. C. Benchmarking against competitors. D. Controlling the direction. E. Updating the plan.
D. Controlling the direction.
Which of the following is associated with operational planning? A. Determining the overall direction of the organization. B. Examining the environment outside of the organization. C. Implementing policies and plans of top management. D. Directing daily tasks of nonmanagerial personnel. E. Making decisions under highly uncertain conditions.
D. Directing daily tasks of nonmanagerial personnel.
________ management means translating principles based on best evidence into organizational practice, bringing rationality to the decision-making process. A. Total quality B. Operations C. Administrative D. Evidence-based E. Scientific
D. Evidence-based
Which of the following is one of the challenges of planning? A. Assigning the right people to tasks. B. Determining the correct budget. C. Measuring results with accuracy. D. Finding the time to plan. E. Motivating employees.
D. Finding the time to plan
_______ group activities around defined regional locations. A. Functional structures B. Locality divisions C. Site networks D. Geographic divisions E. Matrix organizations
D. Geographic divisions
Which of the following is not a part of Frederick Taylors's work in scientific management? A. Elimination of soldiering B. Motion studies C. Differential rate system D. Hierarchy of human needs E. Raising productivity
D. Hierarchy of human needs
Which of the following is one of the phases in the development of the behavioral viewpoint? A. Human resource management B. Operations management C. Operations research D. Human relations movement E. Administrative management
D. Human relations movement
Jerome's accounts payable department is behind schedule as the month-end close is approaching. This has been happening every month, but he hasn't found time to provide additional training. Instead he asks all of his employees to work eight hours of overtime that week and reassigns some tasks. This is an example of using the ________ model. A. rational B. predictive C. intuition D. Incremental E. coalition
D. Incremental
John recently received his CPA license and plans to run a small tax consulting business, so he just put up a website. What advantage does his business have over larger competitors? A. It has greater access to capital. B. It has superior distribution. C. It has more access to young talent. D. It can change direction quicker. E. It has well-defined bureaucratic systems.
D. It can change direction quicker.
Which of the following is a negative effect for the United States of global economic interdependency? A. Decreased economic activity B. Poorer quality goods C. Lower standards of living D. Loss of well-paying jobs E. More expensive products
D. Loss of well-paying jobs
Who proposed the hierarchy of human needs as a theory of motivation? A. McGregor B. Weber C. Munsterberg D. Maslow E. Mayo
D. Maslow
Which of the following is the correct order of planning steps within an organization? A. Strategic planning, mission statement & vision statement, operational planning, tactical planning B. Strategic planning, mission statement & vision statement, tactical planning, operational planning C. Strategic planning, operational planning, mission statement & vision statement, tactical planning D. Mission statement & vision statement, strategic planning, tactical planning, operational planning E. Mission statement & vision statement, strategic planning, operational planning, tactical planning
D. Mission statement & vision statement, strategic planning, tactical planning, operational planning
Which of the following is NOT one of the suggestions for decision making recommended by management consultant Odette Pollar? A. Decide in a timely fashion. B. Don't agonize over minor decisions. C. Separate outcome from process. D. Never stop gathering facts. E. When overwhelmed, narrow your choices.
D. Never stop gathering facts.
Max Weber believed _____ about bureaucracy?
-bureaucracy was a rational, efficient, ideal organization based on the principles of logic -and is a most for a company
Porter's four competitive strategies 174
...(also called four generic strategies) are (1) cost-leadership, (2) differentiation, (3) cost-focus, and (4) focused-differentiation.
single-product strategy 175
...a company makes and sells only one product within its market.
SWOt analysis 168
...also known as situational analysis - is the search for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats affecting the organization.
strategic positioning 159
...attempts to achieve sustainable competitive advantage by preserving what is distinctive about a company.
organizational strengths 169
...the skills and capabilities that give the organization special competencies and competitive advantages in executing strategies in pursuit of its mission.
Pyramid Power: Levels of Areas of Management
1) Top Managers (5-7 years) strategic managers 2) Middle Managers - (2-3years) tactical managers 3) First-line managers - (1-52 weeks) operational managers 4) Non management personnel - R&D, Marketing, Finance, Production, HR (Functional Areas)
What is the time frame of an operational plan?
1-52 weeks
Proponents of Human relations movement
1. Abraham Maslow 2. Douglas McGregor
Three viewpoints
1. Classical 2. Behavioral 3. Quantitative
Identify the four general decision making styles. Explain the two primary characteristics which define each.
1. Directive: People with a directive style have a low tolerance for ambiguity and are oriented toward task and technical concerns in making decisions. 2. Analytical: People with an analytical style have a high tolerance for ambiguity and are oriented toward task and technical concerns in making decisions. 3. Conceptual: People with a conceptual style have a high tolerance for ambiguity and are oriented toward people and social concerns in making decisions. 4. Behavioral: People with a behavioral style have a low tolerance for ambiguity and are oriented toward people and social concerns in making decisions.
Proponents of Scientific management
1. Frederick W. Taylor 2. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
Proponents of Administrative management
1. Henn Fayol 2.Max Weber
Proponents of early behaviorists
1. Hugo Munsterberg 2. Mary Parker Follett 3. Elton Mayo
Two forms of Classical Viewpoint
1. Scientific management 2. Administrative management
4 Generic Strategies a Company can follow
1. cost leader (low/high) 2. differentiating value 3. cost focus (low price in narrow market) 4. focus differentiating (sell to a narrow market)
The Contemporary Perspective/ The Quality-Management Viewpoint: Three approaches
1. quality control: strategy for minimizing errors by managing act state of production 2. quality assurance: focuses on the performance of workers, urging employees to strive for "zero defects" 3. total quality management: comprehensive approach dedicated to continuous quality improvement, training and customer satisfaction.
Which of the following are factors behind the steady overall growth of population of the United States?
1. significant immigration 2. longer life expediencies 3. the baby boom generation
functional
A ______ manager is responsible for just one organizational activity.
Which of the following is an example of an external stakeholder of an organization?
A customer who purchases a barbecue at Walmart
What is a learning organization? What competitive advantage do learning organizations hold?
A learning organization is one that actively creates, acquires, and transfers knowledge within itself and is able to modify its behavior to reflect new knowledge. Learning organizations can adapt more quickly to changing conditions in the environment, and bring the knowledge and experience of a wide range of employees to bear on new problems. Organizations must continually learn new things or face obsolescence.
culture
A nation's __________ is the shared set of beliefs, values, knowledge, and patterns of behavior common to its people.
What is a trading bloc? Identify four major trading blocs and the area of the world in which the member countries are located.
A trading bloc is a group of nations in a particular geographic area that agree to join together to remove trade barriers with one another. The major trading blocs are: NAFTA: United States, Canada, Mexico EU: Europe ASEAN: Southeast Asia APEC: countries of the Pacific Rim, including the United States, Canada, and China Mercosur: Latin America CAFTA: Central America
Which of the following cultural perspectives leads to the highest long-term financial performance? A. Adaptive perspective B. Fit perspective C. Market perspective D. Conditional perspective E. Strength perspective
A. Adaptive perspective
Which of the following is a stage in the life of an organization? A. Birth B. Decline C. Elderly D. Introduction E. Growth
A. Birth
Daitaro started a tax consulting business with his friend Will. They have a small space in a strip mall and one administrative assistant. At which stage of the organizational life cycle is their business? A. Birth stage B. Introduction stage C. Adolescent stage D. Youth stage E. Midlife stage
A. Birth stage
Katsuro started a tax consulting business with his friend Carey. They have a small space in a strip mall and one administrative assistant. At which stage of the organizational life cycle is their business? A. Birth stage B. Introduction stage C. Adolescent stage D. Youth stage E. Midlife stage
A. Birth stage
______ help you ignore extraneous matters in favor of focusing on what's important, which is realizing the goals on time and on budget. A. Deadlines B. Relationships C. Changes D. Networks E. Options
A. Deadlines
______ values are the explicitly stated values and norms preferred by an organization. A. Espoused B. Inherent C. Enacted D. Expressed E. Internalized
A. Espoused
Which of the following is NOT a rule for brainstorming suggested by IDEO? A. Go for quality over quantity. B. Defer judgment. C. Stay focused on the topic. D. Encourage wild ideas. E. Be visual.
A. Go for quality over quantity.
Because Greg and Karen were having an argument about the order of their respective projects on the website, they were unable to work with the rest of the management team to come up with a staffing schedule. This is an example of what potential problem that occurs in groups? A. Goal displacement B. Satisficing C. Groupthink D. Heuristics E. Availability bias
A. Goal displacement
Camille runs a consulting business that assists in the hiring process, using a team of psychologists to help companies to better understand their specific jobs and the type of employees that are best suited to fill them. Her business relies on the work of which behavioral theory pioneer? A. Hugo Munsterberg B. Douglas McGregor C. Mary Parker Follett D. Frederick Taylor E. Elton Mayo
A. Hugo Munsterberg
Who was known as "the father of industrial psychology"? A. Hugo Munsterberg B. Mary Parker Follett C. Max Weber D. Elton Mayo E. Frederick Taylor
A. Hugo Munsterberg
Which of the following is a cultural dimension in the GLOBE project? A. Humane orientation B. Power seeking C. Ethnic egalitarianism D. Failure avoidance E. Group performance
A. Humane orientation
Diagnosis is used in which stage of the rational decision-making model? A. Identify the problem or opportunity B. Think up alternative solutions C. Evaluate alternatives D. Select a solution E. Implement a solution
A. Identify the problem or opportunity
______ emphasized the scientific study of work methods to improve productivity of individual workers. A. Scientific management B. Quantitative science C. TQM D. Management science E. Administrative management
A. Scientific management
The ______ is controversial because it has been accused of financing projects, which harm the environment and of helping countries that permit sweatshops or suppress religious freedom. A. World Bank B. WTO C. ASEAN D. GATT E. EU
A. World Bank
Which of the following organizations succeeded GATT? A. World Trade Organization B. World Bank C. EU D. International Monetary Fund E. NAFTA
A. World Trade Organization
According to Deming, quality stemmed from a steady focus on the organization's mission and A. a reduction in production variation. B. Theory Y management. C. operations research. D. the Hawthorne effect. E. complexity theory.
A. a reduction in production variation.
Charlie has a reputation for being slow to reach a final decision but being able to decide a reasoned course of action regardless of the uncertainty. He is very thorough in collecting information and evaluating more alternatives than other managers are. Charlie is most likely ______ in his decision-making style. A. analytical B. Behavioral C. Conceptual D. directive E. relaxed
A. analytical
Managers at Thomas Canyon Credit Union have given employees raises year after year based on what they had given the year before, even though now their employees were quite underpaid compared to similar positions with other credit unions. This is an example of a(n) A. anchoring and adjustment bias. B. escalation of commitment bias. C. sunk-cost bias. D. availability bias. E. representativeness bias.
A. anchoring and adjustment bias.
The stores of data so vast that conventional database management systems cannot handle them and which instead require very sophisticated analysis software and supercomputing-level hardware are known as A. big data. B. heuristics. C. information escalation. D. incremental diagnostics. E. boundless resources.
A. big data.
Butterfield Grocers is a medium sized but growing company that works diligently to create a supportive and family-like atmosphere for its employees. It provides superior benefits and involves employees in decisions large and small. Butterfield has a(n) ______ culture. A. clan B. adhocracy C. market D. hierarchy E. espoused
A. clan
Turnbull Software is a medium-sized but growing company that works diligently to create a supportive and familylike atmosphere for its employees. It provides superior benefits and involves employees in decisions large and small. Turnbull has a(n) ______ culture. A. clan B. adhocracy C. market D. hierarchy E. espoused
A. clan
Both the classical management view and the management science perspective consider an organization to be a(n) ________; as a simplification for analysis this may work, but in reality it would open up the organization to spectacular failure. A. closed system B. neutral system C. porous system D. subsystem E. isolated system
A. closed system
A company that is an expert at producing and selling narrowly defined products or services, and which does not tend to seek opportunities outside its present market is known by Miles and Snow as a(n) A. defender. B. analyzer. C. adaptor. D. prospector. E. reactor.
A. defender
Organizational ________ is concerned with devising the optimal structures of accountability and responsibility that an organization uses to execute its strategies. A. design B. structure C. life cycle D. charting E. culture
A. design
Christine prefers not to deviate from the practices she has always used as a U.S. manager, even though she is now working at an Asian subsidiary. She has been heard saying that she is "just ensuring the job gets done right." Christine is most likely a(n) ________ manager. A. ethnocentric B. concentric C. prejudicial D. polycentric E. geocentric
A. ethnocentric
Among the jobs titles at Greensboro Regional Hospital are Chief of Medical Services, Director of Administrative Services, and Director of Outpatient Services. Greensboro has a ______ structure. A. functional B. network C. simple D. divisional E. matrix
A. functional
Amanda was asked by her boss to create a handbook for new hires because several employees had recently complained, saying they felt lost when they first started because procedures didn't seem to be formalized. Amanda herself had not felt that way, perhaps because she has a A. high tolerance for ambiguity. B. value orientation focused on people. C. conceptual decision style. D. high propensity for risk. E. low value orientation.
A. high tolerance for ambiguity.
Classical, behavioral, and quantitative viewpoints about management are collectively referred to as the ________ perspective. A. historical B. scientific C. operations D. contemporary E. systems
A. historical
With a ______ structure, the organization has a central core of key functions and outsources others to vendors who can do them cheaper or faster. A. hollow B. matrix C. spine D. hybrid E. mechanistic
A. hollow
If you do not have all of the information for a complete plan, you should A. make decisions based on what you have, since perfect information is rare. B. wait until you can get that information to take action you know will be appropriate. C. implement two or more courses of action simultaneously. D. shrink the plan to limit its scope to only areas where you have good information. E. disregard the plan and go with your intuition.
A. make decisions based on what you have, since perfect information is rare.
A ______ structure has a central core that is linked to outside independent firms by computer connections, which are used to operate as if all were a single organization. A. network B. matrix C. technology D. hybrid E. mechanistic
A. network
Which of the following comes LAST when an organization makes a plan? A. operational planning B. mission statement C. strategic planning D. tactical planning E. vision statement
A. operational planning
When a company uses a supplier outside itself to provide goods and services, it is A. outsourcing. B. countertrading. C. franchising. D. licensing. E. privatizing.
A. outsourcing.
One type of standing plan, the __________, outlines the general response to a designated problem or situation. A. policy B. project C. rule D. procedure E. program
A. policy
After setting goals, managers should next A. prepare an action plan for accomplishing the goals. B. propose changes to the goals of same-level managers to bring all into alignment. C. supervise subrdinates closely. D. report failure to meet goals to superiors. E. begin the planning process anew.
A. prepare an action plan for accomplishing the goals.
A single-use plan encompassing a range of projects or activities is a(n) A. program. B. strategy. C. series. D. agenda. E. mission.
A. program.
Which of the following can be classified as a mutual-benefit organization? A. Trade association B. Hospital C. Financial company D. Retail company E. College
A. trade association
Define the four types of organization in the competing values framework, and describe the characteristics of each.
According to the competing values framework, organizational cultures can be classified into four types: (1) clan, (2) adhocracy, (3) market, and (4) hierarchy (see Figure 8.2). A clan culture has an internal focus and values flexibility rather than stability and control. Like a family-type organization, it encourages collaboration among employees, striving to encourage cohesion through consensus and job satisfaction through employee involvement. An adhocracy culture has an external focus and values flexibility. This type of culture attempts to create innovative products by being adaptable, creative, and quick to respond to changes in the marketplace. Employees are encouraged to take risks and experiment with new ways of getting things done. A market culture has a strong external focus and values stability and control. Because market cultures are focused on the external environment and driven by competition and a strong desire to deliver results, customers, productivity, and profits take precedence over employee development and satisfaction. A hierarchy culture has an internal focus and values stability and control over flexibility. Companies with this kind of culture are apt to have a formalized, structured work environment aimed at achieving effectiveness through a variety of control mechanisms that measure efficiency, timeliness, and reliability in the creation and delivery of products.
differentiation. (The differentiation strategy is to offer products or services that are of unique and superior value compared to those of competitors but to target a wide market.)
An organization that is offering unique, superior products or services to a wide market is pursuing a strategy of
The trading block of which Brazil and Argentina are part is called: A) APEC B) Mercosur C) ASEAN D) CAFTA E) NAFTA
B) Mercosur
______ processes are the organization's capabilities in management and technology that are applied in converting inputs into outputs. A) Production B) Transformation C) Administrative D) Feedback E) Change
B) Transformation
Demographic forces are influences on an organization arising from changes in: A) human relationships and values B) characteristics of a population C) government regulations D) technology E) economic conditions and trends
B) characteristics of a population
Availability of supplies and new markets are among the reasons that companies: A) prefer geocentric managers B) expand internationally C) create new and improved products D) worry about their competition E) implement import quotas
B) expand internationally
Hugo Munsterberg suggested that psychologists could contribute to industry by: A) determining psychological tactics to enhance job satisfaction. B) identifying psychological conditions under which employees do their best work. C) ascertaining psychological strategies to persuade customers to buy products. D) helping managers understand the benefits of empowerment. E) detecting worker characteristics that lead to workplace violence.
B) identifying psychological conditions under which employees do their best work.
The purpose of a nonprofit organization is to: A) make money through offering products or services. B) offer services to some clients. C) break even in offering its products or services. D) professionally manage charitable giving. E) advance member interests.
B) offer services to some clients.
Which of the following viewpoints emphasized the importance of understanding human actions and of motivating employees toward achievement? A. Qualitative viewpoint B. Behavioral viewpoint C. Classical viewpoint D. Contingency viewpoint E. Management science viewpoint
B. Behavioral viewpoint
Which of the following is a characteristic of a simple structure? A. Comprehensive set of rules. B. Centralized authority. C. High work specialization. D. Extensive division of labor. E. Tall hierarchy.
B. Centralized authority.
Jordan, a sales manager, met with his staff to discuss that they were only a third of the way to their sales goal, but halfway through the sales period. He was looking for suggestions to improve second-half performance. Which part of the planning/control cycle is Jordan doing? A. Benchmarking against competitors. B. Controlling the direction. C. Making the plan. D. Carrying out the plan. E. Updating the plan.
B. Controlling the direction.
Of the following, which is one of the functions of management described by Fayol? A. Accommodating B. Coordinating C. Arbitrating D. Collaborating E. Tasking
B. Coordinating
Which of the following is an advantage of group decision making? A. Groupthink B. Deeper commitment to the decision C. Less thought required D. A quicker decision E. More flexibility in the final decision
B. Deeper commitment to the decision
__________ is the practice of a foreign company exporting products abroad at a lower price than the price in the home market or even below the costs of production in order to drive down the price of the domestic product. A. Export crashing B. Dumping C. Predatory selling D. Loss transaction E. Alien advantage
B. Dumping
Which of the following is a factor that helps participative management work? A. Top management is occasionally involved. B. Employees trust managers. C. PM is implemented without interference from TQM. D. Employees work in interdependent jobs. E. Employees need more training.
B. Employees trust managers.
__________ managers believe that their native country, culture, language, and behavior are superior to all others. A. Expatriate B. Ethnocentric C. Geocentric D. Polycentric E. Global
B. Ethnocentric
MBO stands for A. Management by Observation. B. Management by Objectives. C. Management by Ownership. D. Management by Obligation. E. Management by Organization.
B. Management by Objectives.
Which of the following is not a component of TQM? A. Use accurate standards to identify and eliminate problems. B. Urge employees to strive for "zero defects." C. Make continuous improvement a priority. D. Get every employee involved. E. Listen to and learn from customers and employees.
B. Urge employees to strive for "zero defects."
The essence of the classical viewpoint is that A. resources are limited. B. a rational approach can be used to boost productivity. C. people are self-interested. D. people will take on responsibility if it is offered to them. E. workers behave how you expect them to.
B. a rational approach can be used to boost productivity.
__________ means that managers must report and justify work results to managers above them. A. Liability B. Accountability C. Delegation D. Hierarchical control E. Position power
B. accountability
Which of the following is NOT one of the mechanisms used to embed culture into an organization? A. Formal statements B. Accounting practices C. Leader reactions to crisis D. Training and coaching E. Measurable activities
B. accounting practices
Nicole and other managers in her firm have some ties to Europe and are investigating opportunities for global expansion. They are struggling to understand the risks, given the complexity of world markets today and recent global instabilities. The difficulty Nicole's team is facing prevents perfectly rational decision making, and is an example of A. risk aversion. B. bounded rationality. C. groupthink. D. defensive avoidance. E. anchoring and adjustment.
B. bounded rationality.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a simple structure? A. Comprehensive set of rules B. Centralized authority C. High work specialization D. Extensive division of labor E. Tall hierarchy
B. centralized authority
Many technology companies are hesitant to involve customers in the development of their products, since they are trying to protect their latest products and ideas from competitors' attempts to replicate them. This typically results in a fairly ______ system. A. responsive B. closed C. distinctive D. stable E. intelligent
B. closed
Maz has examined the environment in which his organization operates and has determined that currently the market demands an organic and integrated structure. Maz did this as part of his A. environmental analysis. B. contingency design. C. life cycle analysis. D. Diversification plan. E. Integration plan
B. contingency design
Rashid has examined the environment in which his organization operates and has determined that currently the market demands an organic and integrated structure. Rashid did this as part of his A. environmental analysis. B. contingency design. C. life-cycle analysis. D. diversification plan. E. integration plan.
B. contingency design.
A nation's __________ is the shared set of beliefs, values, knowledge, and patterns of behavior common to its people. A. economic policy B. culture C. social pattern D. demography E. political process
B. culture
Technical specialization and division of labor in an organization lead to A. bureaucracy. B. differentiation. C. integration. D. conglomeration. E. decentralization.
B. differentiation
Technical specialization and division of labor in an organization lead to ________ in an organization. A. bureaucracy B. differentiation C. integration D. conglomeration E. decentralization
B. differentiation
Import quotas are designed to prevent A. embargoes. B. dumping. C. exports. D. tariffs. E. outsourcing.
B. dumping.
According to management recruiters, ______ demonstrates independence, resourcefulness, and entrepreneurship to potential employers. A. importing goods from another country B. foreign work experience C. holding school leadership positions D. speaking a second language E. studying the fine arts
B. foreign work experience
Pizza Hut provides the use of its name plus operating know-how to companies in Costa Rica in return for a fee plus a percentage of profits. Pizza Hut is A. exporting. B. franchising. C. countertrading. D. involved in a strategic alliance. E. involved in a greenfield venture.
B. franchising.
Casey has a simple rule that he follows when it comes to new hiring; if four or more of his staff are working 20% or more overtime, he hires another employee. Casey is using A. relaxed change. B. heuristics. C. the Delphi technique. D. rational models. E. brainwriting.
B. heuristics.
Gary Hamel believes that identifying and challenging debilitating core beliefs that people have about an organization can be helpful in improving management A. rewards. B. innovation. C. restructuring. D. planning. E. motivation.
B. innovation.
The ______ a group is, the ______ the quality of the decision. A. more diverse; lower B. larger; lower C. more confident; higher D. more knowledgeable; lower E. more creative, lower
B. larger; lower
In a(n) ______, shared meanings are primarily derived from written and spoken words rather than situational cues. A. core values system B. low-context culture C. expatriate system D. societal value system E. high-context culture
B. low-context culture
With a ______ structure, an organization can become a boundaryless organization, with extensive operations but a small core that keeps payroll and overhead down. A. functional B. network C. simple D. team-based E. matrix
B. network
In the current broadband environment, consumers are able to download products like music, movies, and books. Netflix was aggressive in taking advantage of this fact, offering web streaming and game console access to its customers before competitors. According to Miles and Snow, Netflix would be a(n) A. reactor. B. prospector. C. analyzer. D. defender. E. executor.
B. prospector.
When a manager decides to take no action in the belief that there will be no great negative consequences, she is engaged in A. limited reaction. B. relaxed avoidance. C. relaxed change. D. decreased involvement. E. defensive avoidance.
B. relaxed avoidance.
The tendency of a group to settle on a decision that is "good enough" is called A. goal displacement. B. satisficing. C. groupthink. D. heuristics. E. pseudo-optimization.
B. satisficing.
Behavioral science relies on __________ for developing theories about human behavior that can help managers. A. rules of thumb B. scientific research C. intuition D. simulations E. trial and error
B. scientific research
A SMART goal is one that is A. specific, maintainable, affordable, realistic, and timely. B. specific, measurable, attainable, results-oriented, and has target dates. C. specific, maintainable, achievement-oriented, in real time, and timely. D. specific, measurable, affordable, realistic, and has target dates. E. specific, maintainable, aligned with other goals, realistic, and timely.
B. specific, measurable, attainable, results-oriented, and has target dates.
Southwest Airlines employees all know about when CEO Herb Kelleher visited one of the airlines' hangars in the middle of the night in a dress with a purple boa - just to liven things up. In fact, this is part of Southwest's history. This is an example of a A. myth. B. story. C. ritual. D. rite. E. value.
B. story
Because of the frequency with which world competition and information technology alter marketplace conditions, a company's ________ may have to be done closer to every 1 or 2 years than every 5. A. management planning B. strategic planning C. tactical planning D. operational planning E. implementation planning
B. strategic planning
Anders has assembled a task force that is composed of people who don't know each other well. He should expect this group to make better decisions if A. it is a large group. B. the members have common knowledge. C. the group is very confident. D. time pressure is high. E. individuals have unique, specialized knowledge.
B. the members have common knowledge.
Polo Ralph Lauren, Tommy Hilfiger, and Wrangler manufacture jeans at plants in Mexico, thanks to the inexpensive labor there and various tax breaks from the Mexican government. These companies are A. repatriating. B. using maquiladoras. C. countertrading. D. franchising. E. licensing.
B. using maquiladoras.
Which of the following is NOT a description of organizational culture? A. A system of shared beliefs and values B. "Social glue" binding members together C. A system of reporting relationships D. An organization's personality E. A system that guides the behavior of organizational members
C. A system of reporting relationships
Karl is very creative and prefers to look at the long-term issues when making a decision. He considers a wide variety of possible actions based on an open mind about the possibilities. Sometimes his coworkers find him indecisive because of these tendencies. Karl is probably ______ in his decision-making style. A. analytical B. Behavioral C. Conceptual D. directive E. relaxed
C. Conceptual
Which of the following is a consequence of decentralized authority? A. Greater uniformity B. Decreased efficiency C. Greater flexibility D. Slower decisions E. Decreased duplication of work
C. Greater flexibility
Which of the following is a consequence of decentralized authority? A. Greater uniformity B. Decreased efficiency C. Greater flexibility D. Slower decisions E. Decreased duplication of work
C. Greater flexibility
Kristi has been struggling with her weight, and one of her coworkers suggested that she make a SMART goal for herself. Which of the following is the best example of a SMART goal for Kristi? A. I want to lose a lot of weight. B. I want to look better in a swimsuit. C. I want to lose 20 pounds over the course of one calendar year. D. I want to start losing weight soon. E. I want to lose 30% of my body mass by next month.
C. I want to lose 20 pounds over the course of one calendar year.
Which of the following would best describe MBO? A. It works at the highest levels of an organization. B. It works at the lowest levels of an organization. C. Its purpose is to motivate employees. D. Its purpose is to control employees. E. It effectively benchmarks HR practices against competitors.
C. Its purpose is to motivate employees.
Which of the following statements is good advice for those transitioning upward in an organization? A. Don't try to manage upward or sideways. B. Invent your own kind of management style. C. Maintain good relationships with other departments. D. Enjoy the solitude of upper management positions. E. Focus on the rights and privileges of your new job.
C. Maintain good relationships with other departments
At which stage of the organizational life cycles does lack of flexibility and innovation become the danger to the business? A. Adult stage B. Birth stage C. Maturity stage D. Adolescent stage E. Youth stage
C. Maturity stage
At which stage of the organizational life cycles does lack of flexibility and innovation become the danger to the business? A. Adult stage B. Birth stage C. Maturity stage D. Adolescent stage E. Youth stage
C. Maturity stage
Which level of management is most often engaged in tactical planning? A. Working-level employees B. First-line managers C. Middle managers D. Top managers E. Consultants
C. Middle managers
______ time is a preference for doing one thing at a time. A. Singular B. Unichronic C. Monochronic D. Absolute E. Unitary
C. Monochronic
Which of the following is one of the organizational responses organizations make when confronted with uncertainty, as identified by Miles and Snow? A. Aggressor B. Investigator C. Reactor D. Planner E. Leader
C. Reactor
Which of the following responses to a challenge would be considered most like satisficing? A. Panic B. Relaxed avoidance C. Relaxed change D. Decreased involvement E. Defensive avoidance
C. Relaxed change
The concept of "bounded rationality" is most closely related to the _________ model of decision making. A. classical B. rational C. Satisficing D. Incremental E. intuition
C. Satisficing
Which of the following is NOT a device through which culture is typically transmitted to employees? A. Symbols B. Stories C. Strategic plan D. Heroes E. Rites and rituals
C. Strategic plan
Which form of technology was exploding when the notion of a "global village" was first developed? A. Newspapers B. Telephones C. Television D. Cell phones E. The Internet
C. Television
Which of the following is NOT a reason why it is hard to bring the best evidence to bear on your decisions? A. Stories are more persuasive than evidence. B. People are trying to mislead you. C. The evidence leads to an unethical solution. D. The evidence doesn't quite apply. E. There's too much evidence.
C. The evidence leads to an unethical solution.
Which of the following is true about women investors? A. They tend to trade more often than men. B. They do less research before investing than men. C. Their portfolios have a higher average gain than men's. D. They are increasingly being drawn to careers in finance. E. They tend to chase "hot tips."
C. Their portfolios have a higher average gain than men's.
Which of the following is the way culture becomes embedded in an organization? A. Writing a strategic plan B. Performing competitive analysis C. Using a teaching process D. Conducting formal market research E. Following legal requirements
C. Using a teaching process
Which of the following is the way culture becomes embedded in an organization? A. Writing a strategic plan. B. Performing competitive analysis. C. Using a teaching process. D. Conducting formal market research. E. Following legal requirements.
C. Using a teaching process.
Which of the following statements about biased decision making is true? A. Hindsight helps you correctly assess what you should have known beforehand. B. When you are making a decision and you have considerable experience in that area, you are then most likely to be overconfident. C. When confronted with a choice, people with strong prior beliefs tend to make their decisions based on their beliefs even if their beliefs are false. D. Sometimes a single event can allow you to determine the trend. E. You could confidently make a decision about something by asking 20 of your friends and deciding based on their preferences.
C. When confronted with a choice, people with strong prior beliefs tend to make their decisions based on their beliefs even if their beliefs are false.
In what stage of the organizational life cycle does a firm increase its hiring, create some division of labor and begin setting rules? A. Midlife B. Maturity C. Youth D. Growth E. Birth
C. Youth
In what stage of the organizational life cycle does a firm increase its hiring, create some division of labor, and begin setting rules? A. Midlife B. Maturity C. Youth D. Growth E. Birth
C. Youth
Digital Globe is a technology company that provides advanced high-resolution satellite pictures of the earth, digitalized for electronic use. As the military, governments, and others demand clear pictures, Digital Globe provides them immediately with its innovative and responsive products. Digital Globe is most likely an example of a(n) ______ culture. A. inventive B. clan C. adhocracy D. market E. hierarchy
C. adhocracy
A company producing cameras and video cameras prefers to focus its resources on a fast imitation program to reverse-engineer new features from competitors and add those, rather than implementing truly inventive features. Miles and Snow would call this company a(n) A. reactor. B. prospector. C. analyzer. D. defender. E. imitator.
C. analyzer.
On GLOBE dimensions, the U.S. managerial sample scored high on A. power distance and uncertainty avoidance B. in-group collectivism and future orientation C. assertiveness and performance orientation D. institutional collectivism and uncertainty avoidance E. masculinity and humane orientation
C. assertiveness and performance orientation
Savannah is a warm and likeable manager who is extremely supportive of her employees, but she sometimes doesn't say no when she needs to and is somewhat passive in enforcing her decisions. Her decision-making style is most likely A. analytical. B. heuristic. C. behavioral. D. conceptual. E. directive.
C. behavioral.
At Caldwell Organic Grocers, all purchasing, hiring, and production decisions are made by top management. Caldwell has ______ authority. A. classical B. wide C. centralized D. for-profit E. matrix
C. centralized
Scientific and administrative management are part of the ________ viewpoint. A. behavioral B. contingency C. classical D. quantitative E. quality
C. classical
Erik has been putting off a decision about firing several workers who have been ignoring safety regulations on the factory floor. After all, he thinks, his boss will eventually notice and take action. Erik is experiencing a(n) ______ reaction. A. relaxed change B. relaxed avoidance C. defensive avoidance D. unresponsive E. delayed change
C. defensive avoidance
Melissa runs a residential-cleaning service and has noticed that some of her staff are much more efficient than others and can clean a house in about half the average time. She would like to reward these workers with a higher wage by implementing what would be known by Taylor as a(n) A. sliding scale system. B. incentivized wage system. C. differential rate system. D. productivity wage system. E. merit pay system.
C. differential rate system.
Jill, a native of New Orleans, was living in Berlin and working for a U.S. news magazine. Jill would best be termed a(n) A. countertrader. B. franchisor. C. expatriate. D. outsourcer. E. refugee.
C. expatriate.
Among the organizational cultures thought to enhance business performance, the ______ perspective assumes that the strength of a corporate culture is related to a firm's long-term financial performance. A. market B. strength C. fit D. objective E. adaptive
C. fit
Spencer talked with Allie after their task force meeting, and they discovered that neither of them had been in favor of dropping some items from next year's budget, yet neither spoke up. Both wanted to be supportive of the group instead. This is an example of A. goal displacement. B. satisficing. C. groupthink. D. heuristics. E. self-selection.
C. groupthink
An organization's ______ is a control mechanism for making sure the right people do the right things at the right time. A. central command B. division of labor C. hierarchy of authority D. span of control E. strategic plan
C. hierarchy of authority
An organization's ______ is a control mechanism for making sure the right people do the right things at the right time. A. central command B. division of labor C. hierarchy of authority D. span of control E. strategic plan
C. hierarchy of authority
At Clarkson Farm Equipment, specialists from marketing, manufacturing, and engineering departments work closely together on new tractor designs. Clarkson is an example of a ______ organization. A. highly differentiated B. centralized C. highly integrated D. mechanistic E. bureaucratic
C. highly integrated
At Harvestar Farm Equipment, specialists from marketing, manufacturing, and engineering departments work closely together in cross-functional teams on new professional planting and harvesting equipment designs. Harvestar is an example of a ______ organization. A. highly differentiated B. centralized C. highly integrated D. mechanistic E. bureaucratic
C. highly integrated
Marcus works on an assembly line for a U.S. automobile manufacturer. He would be considered a(n) ______ of this system. A. participant B. feedback mechanism C. input D. transformation process E. output
C. input
Matt has developed a mathematical model for the film distribution company that employs him. The model will help in determining release dates and the desirable number of screens for new movies. This model is an application of A. scientific management. B. behavioral science. C. management science. D. contingency management. E. administrative management.
C. management science.
Avery Micro has tight requirements and very detailed procedures for creating small machine parts through an injection molding process. Avery is a(n) ______ organization. A. hybrid B. integrated C. mechanistic D. flat E. organic
C. mechanistic
Rorschach Composites has precise requirements and very detailed procedures for creating small machine parts through an injection molding process. Because of the sensitive processes, employees are tightly monitored. Rorschach is a(n) ______ organization. A. hybrid B. integrated C. mechanistic D. flat E. organic
C. mechanistic
Billie runs a successful cell-phone accessory store online. She loves designing and marketing the products, and she manages others who do the production, but the shipping had become a real problem. She decided to contract with FedEx to handle this logistical part of her business. Billie is A. countertrading. B. franchising. C. outsourcing. D. licensing. E. privatizing.
C. outsourcing.
Robin is very worried about potentially having to lay off several of her staff. She can't sleep well, her stomach is bothering her, and she snaps at her employees. She doesn't know what to do but won't talk with anyone about it. Robin is experiencing a ______ reaction to a challenge. A. relaxed change B. defensive avoidance C. panic D. deciding to decide E. heuristic
C. panic
A person with a conceptual decision-making style is __________ in her value orientation and __________ in her tolerance for ambiguity. A. managerial; high B. task/technical; low C. people/social; high D. people/social; low E. managerial; low
C. people/social; high
NASA's Curiosity Rover, employed to investigate a large crater on Mars, is an example of a A. policy. B. rule. C. project. D. procedure. E. program.
C. project.
Alexis manages a clothing store in the mall. They were understaffed, and she thought she would have to work all day and help close the store that evening until a young man came in for an application around noon. Alexis told him he could have the job if he could come back at 4 p.m. to begin work. Here, Alexis was engaged in A. relaxed avoidance. B. confirmation bias. C. satisficing. D. heuristics. E. analytics.
C. satisficing.
At which level of planning must managers be paying attention to the environment outside the organization, be future oriented, and deal with uncertain and competitive conditions? A. tactical B. organizational C. strategic D. front-line E. operational
C. strategic
Even though the Russian government is inefficient in the way it collects taxes, it is still an example of a(n) A. transformational process. B. environment. C. system. D. output. E. therblig.
C. system.
The nation to which the United States exports the most is which of the following countries?
Canada
Which of the following is an assumption of the rational decision-making model?
Choice is the best decision for the organization and not the individual
Which of the following was a positive feature of bureaucracy, according to Max Weber?
Clear division of labor
Aziz immediately halted production at his facility after seeing a report indicating the last batch had a high level of product defects, and restarted work only when the problem was discovered and fixed. Aziz is engaged in which management function?
Controlling
Engaging in ______ can give businesses a favorable public image and may even help head off government regulation. A) cost-benefit analysis B) ethics C) philanthropy D) social responsibility E) utilitarianism
D) social responsibility
A trade barrier in the form of a customs duty, or tax, levied mainly on imports in known as a(n): A) import quota B) embargo C) tax protection D) tariff E) fair trade levy
D) tariff
Which of the following is NOT one of the primary areas that must be well understood in order to bridge cross-cultural gaps? A) language B) interpersonal space C) communication D) trade barriers E) time orientation
D) trade barriers
Apple has a plan to generate buzz for its new products by maintaining secrecy about them. Apple has learned that strong measures are required to protect such mysteries, so it has enhanced its security and even fired and sued employees for leaking news about the products. These efforts would be considered which part of the planning/control cycle? A. Making the plan. B. Carrying out the plan. C. Comparing results. D. Taking corrective action. E. Benchmarking competitors.
D. Taking corrective action.
An optimistic view of workers that envisions them as capable of accepting responsibility and working in a self-directed manner is representative of A. hierarchy of accountability. B. hierarchy of needs. C. Theory X. D. Theory Y. E. self-fulfilling prophecy.
D. Theory Y.
Which of the following is a practical guideline in determining whether to use group decision making? A. When it can encourage satisficing B. When it can increase speed C. When it can produce groupthink D. When it can increase development E. When a decision occurs infrequently
D. When it can increase development
As Janine prepares to perform Ian's performance review, she carefully reviews notes she made throughout the year, rather than relying just on what she remembers. Janine is attempting to avoid the ______ bias. A. sunk-cost B. adjustment C. representativeness D. availability E. escalation of commitment
D. availability
Hollow, modular, and virtual structures lead to a ________ organization. A. functional B. network C. simplistic D. boundaryless E. matrix
D. boundaryless
Redbox uses the large amount of data that it collects at its video and game rental kiosks to determine ways to improve customer retention and to encourage multiple rentals at the same time. The chain is using A. quantitative decision making. B. data correlation. C. heuristics. D. business analytics. E. the Delphi technique.
D. business analytics.
The rational model of decision making is also called the ______ model. A. Balanced B. satisficing C. Incremental D. classical E. intuitional
D. classical
Management at the Pauly Recreational Products has recognized that the firm is much slower than the competition at getting new designs to market. The problem seems to stem from coordination problems between the various functional departments involved in the recreational vehicle design process. Pauly should A. improve technical training for employees. B. formalize the division of labor. C. relax its rules and procedures. D. create cross-functional teams for development. E. cancel all social events for employees.
D. create cross-functional teams for development
Management at the De la Garza Recreational Products has recognized that the firm is much slower than the competition at getting new designs to market. The problem seems to stem from coordination problems between the various functional departments involved in the recreational vehicle design process. De la Garza should A. improve technical training for employees. B. formalize the division of labor. C. relax its rules and procedures. D. create cross-functional teams for development. E. cancel all social events for employees.
D. create cross-functional teams for development.
David was feeling very anxious, confused, and out of place since he arrived for his new job in Taipei, Taiwan. It seemed like just about everything was different from what he was used to. David was experiencing A. overseas difficulties. B. sociological struggles. C. complexity issues. D. culture shock. E. adjustment pains.
D. culture shock.
According to Harvard professor Constance Bagley, ethical decisions can be facilitated with a(n) A. goal statement. B. improved legal department. C. cross-department task force. D. decision tree. E. brainstorming session.
D. decision tree.
A person who is oriented toward task and technical concerns and has a low tolerance for ambiguity is ______ in his decision-making style. A. analytical B. Behavioral C. Conceptual D. directive E. heuristic
D. directive
The most significant flaw in the classical viewpoint is that it A. overemphasizes mathematical techniques. B. is impractical in the workplace. C. does not address productivity. D. discounts the importance of human needs. E. does not account for irrational behavior.
D. discounts the importance of human needs.
Hisoka took a new job at a small consulting firm and was surprised to find that most employees had no job titles. A coworker explained that top management wanted to create a level playing field, allowing motivated employees to seek leadership roles on a project by project basis. No job titles, here, is an example of A. stabilizing structure. B. measuring activities. C. increasing accountability. D. embedding culture. E. reinforcing hierarchy.
D. embedding culture
In the final stage of the rational model of decision making, you should A. provide justification for the choice. B. select a solution. C. seek high-level support. D. evaluate the results. E. identify the winners and losers.
D. evaluate the results.
"True is better than new" is one of the truths of A. scientific management. B. the human relations movement. C. operations management. D. evidence-based management. E. management science.
D. evidence-based management.
If your Chinese coworker in Hong Kong tells you that you have gained weight, you should interpret this comment as A. an insult. B. flirtation. C. a misunderstanding. D. friendliness. E. too personal.
D. friendliness.
The Federal Reserve Bank has 12 separate districts around the United States, which means it is using ______ in its organizational structure. A. functional constituencies B. locality divisions C. site networks D. geographic divisions E. matrix regions
D. geographic divisions
A Ritz-Carlton beach attendant who surprised a couple with flowers, candles, and champagne for the man's proposal would be considered a _________. A. champion. B. key employee. C. potential manager. D. hero. E. superior.
D. hero
How much pride and loyalty people should have for their family or organization is a cultural dimension in the GLOBE project known as A. institutional collectivism. B. power distance. C. social egalitarianism. D. in-group collectivism. E. human egalitarianism.
D. in-group collectivism.
Managers at Montaigne Prefecture Glass needed to take some important steps to get out ahead of the growing competition. Recently, new talent had been hired, the training and development budget had been doubled, and cross-functional teams were added to improve information flow. It appears that Montaigne is attempting to become a ______ organization. A. closed system B. Theory Y C. contingency D. learning E. virtual
D. learning
Kia Motors takes a very aggressive stance to fire executives who don't meet sales goals, which makes the company an example of a(n) ______ culture. A. clan B. target-driven C. adhocracy D. market E. hierarchy
D. market
Arnos Engineering has a functional structure throughout the company but also has a second chain of command based on the part of the United States where one works. This organization has a ______ structure. A. bifunctional B. hybrid C. network D. matrix E. team-based
D. matrix
Purcell Natural Gas Co. has a functional structure throughout the company but also has a second chain of command based on the part of the U.S. where one works. This organization has a ______ structure. A. bi-functional B. hybrid C. network D. matrix E. team-based
D. matrix
Hilton Hotel's statement expressing its purpose as "to fill the earth with the light and warmth of hospitality" is a(n) A. vision statement. B. intention statement. C. goal statement. D. mission statement. E. rationale statement.
D. mission statement.
In a ______ structure, a firm assembles portions of product provided by outside contractors. A. compilation B. network C. outsourced D. modular E. hollow
D. modular
In a ______ structure, a firm assembles product chunks, or modules, provided by outside contractors. A. compilation B. network C. outsourced D. modular E. production
D. modular
Oxfam International is a nonprofit that works in 90 countries on issues of poverty advocacy and eradication, as well as disaster relief. Oxfam is a(n) A. multinational corporation. B. global aid firm. C. international philanthropy. D. multinational organization. E. global charity.
D. multinational organization.
When managers must be closely involved with their subordinates, they should have a ______ span of control. A. flexible B. wide C. flat D. narrow E. lean
D. narrow
A(n) _______ system continually interacts with its environment. A. networked B. integrated C. active D. open E. porous
D. open
Alyssa works for a large amusement park and is in charge of scheduling the sizable staff, including ride attendants, food service and janitorial employees, and character actors, in an effective manner. This work is typical of A. operations research. B. contingency planning. C. quality management. D. operations management. E. qualitative analysis.
D. operations management.
Information-technology companies such as Motorola favor a(n) ______ structure because they constantly have to adjust to technological change. A. mechanistic B. bureaucratic C. formalized D. organic E. tall
D. organic
Information-technology companies such as Motorola favor a(n) ______ structure because they constantly have to adjust to technological change. A. mechanistic B. bureaucratic C. formalized D. organic E. tall
D. organic
Curran Investments has had a very profitable year in its business of providing financial advice. The profit would be considered a(n) ______ of the system. A. by-product B. input C. transformational process D. output E. feedback loop
D. output
Dayton Construction has a ________ for processing invoices, which includes coding them by job number and construction phase, and matching them with the correct purchase order. A. program. B. policy. C. rule. D. procedure. E. project.
D. procedure.
When White Castle specifies exactly how to dress a hamburger, including the order of the condiments, this is called a A. program. B. policy. C. rule. D. procedure. E. project.
D. procedure.
When a firm responds to uncertainty in its environment as a(n) ________, its continual pursuit of product and market innovation may lead to a loss of efficiency, but is likely to make competitors nervous. A. reactor B. analyzer C. defender D. prospector E. executor
D. prospector
A good reason for studying theoretical perspectives of management is that it A. provides an understanding of the competitors' strengths. B. eliminates the need for in-depth analysis. C. correctly guides the writing of a mission statement. D. provides clues to the meaning of your managers' decisions. E. acts as an encyclopedia of solutions.
D. provides clues to the meaning of your managers' decisions.
The fact that employees often have no control over work process design limits their ability to achieve zero defects, or A. quality control. B. continuous improvement. C. reengineering. D. quality assurance. E. total quality management.
D. quality assurance.
Applying techniques like statistics and computer simulations to management are characteristic of the ______ viewpoint. A. classical B. behavioral C. managerial D. quantitative E. contingency
D. quantitative
Ethnocentrism among international managers has been linked to A. higher performance by foreign subsidiaries. B. lower turnover among employees in foreign subsidiaries. C. fewer lawsuits over personnel policies within foreign subsidiaries. D. recruitment difficulties for foreign subsidiaries. E. poor-quality products from foreign subsidiaries.
D. recruitment difficulties for foreign subsidiaries.
Carla heard from a client that a product similar to a popular one at her retail store was now at Walmart, imported from China, and costing just over half of her sales price. But Carla isn't really worried because she believes in her customers' loyalty, so she has no plans to make changes. Carla is practicing A. relaxed change. B. defensive avoidance. C. postponed action. D. relaxed avoidance. E. delayed decision.
D. relaxed avoidance.
It has been discovered that an overseas manufacturing facility your company uses has been employing child labor despite your position against it. You are contemplating relocating your manufacturing to another country where costs are somewhat higher but workplace standards are more tightly controlled. In using Bagley's ethical decision tree, you determine it would be unethical NOT to relocate, so you should A. relocate the facility, but don't tell shareholders about potentially smaller profits. B. warn the manufacturer that you will relocate should a violation occur again. C. continue to use the facility, despite your objections, because this will maximize shareholder value. D. relocate the facility, and tell the shareholders how this will affect their returns. E. continue to use the facility, because it is benefitting your company, and all workers, even underage ones.
D. relocate the facility, and tell the shareholders how this will affect their returns.
Angelina is interviewing for an open position since she recently let go an employee for excessive absenteeism. Though she thinks that Ivy is the best candidate for the job, she has small children, which seemed to be the source of the last employee's absenteeism. Angelina is reluctant to hire Ivy, which is a(n) ______ bias. A. anchoring and adjustment B. confirmation C. availability D. representativeness E. escalation of commitment
D. representativeness
Sultan is a new manager, and he is using MBO for the first time with his subordinates. It is essential for Sultan to A. decide on goals for employees and clearly inform them of these goals. B. ask the employee to commit the goals to memory. C. set goals that are just out of the subordinate's reach. D. reward employees when they meet objectives. E. review an employee's performance once, at the end of the performance period.
D. reward employees when they meet objectives.
Planning is defined as A. formulating a method to allocate resources effectively. B. motivating employees. C. coping with obstacles to past performance. D. setting goals and deciding how to achieve them. E. implementing strategic goals.
D. setting goals and deciding how to achieve them
According to Lawrence and Lorsch, the _____ determine(s) the degree of differentiation or integration that is appropriate. A. resources available to an organization B. governmental pressures on an organization C. organization's culture D. stability of an organization's environment E. size of the organization
D. stability of an organization's environment
According to Lawrence and Lorsch, the ______ determine(s) the degree of differentiation or integration that is appropriate. A. resources available to an organization B. governmental pressures on an organization C. organization's culture D. stability of an organization's environment E. size of the organization
D. stability of an organization's environment
A U.S. company agrees with a foreign company to start a new enterprise together in a foreign country, sharing the risks and the rewards. This is called a A. countertrade. B. greenfield venture. C. wholly owned subsidiary. D. strategic alliance. E. maquiladora.
D. strategic alliance.
The incremental model of decision making suggests that managers make decisions by A. using processes that have worked in past experience. B. experimenting with alternatives in a controlled setting, one by one. C. choosing something that is "good enough." D. taking small steps to alleviate a problem. E. involving several lower-level employees.
D. taking small steps to alleviate a problem.
In a mechanistic organization, A. most communication is informal. B. many teams and task forces are operating simultaneously. C. authority is decentralized. D. tasks and rules are clearly specified. E. employees are loosely supervised.
D. tasks and rules are clearly specified
In a mechanistic organization, A. most communication is informal. B. many teams and task forces are operating simultaneously. C. authority is decentralized. D. tasks and rules are clearly specified. E. employees are joined through technology.
D. tasks and rules are clearly specified.
The idea that decision makers find the notion of an actual loss more painful than giving up the possibility of a gain is called A. a heuristic. B. an availability bias. C. a representativeness bias. D. the prospect theory. E. satisficing.
D. the prospect theory.
Another term for the chain of command of an organization is A. reporting linkage. B. span of control. C. horizontal specialization. D. vertical hierarchy. E. network structure.
D. vertical hierarchy
To create a learning organization, managers must perform three key functions or roles: build a commitment to learning, work to generate ideas with impact, and A. minimize stress with positive talk. B. be fair to employees. C. stir conflict before implementing new ideas. D. work to generalize ideas with impact. E. work to create chaos to generate new ideas.
D. work to generalize ideas with impact.
Miles and Snow suggest that organizations responding to uncertainty in the environment do so with one of four approaches. Name and describe these approaches, and provide an example of each.
Defenders are expert at producing and selling narrowly defined products or services. Often they are old-line successful enterprises, such as Macy's and JCPenney, which in the 2010 era of consumer frugality found themselves losing customers to discounters like Walmart. They do not tend to seek opportunities outside their present markets. They devote most of their attention to making refinements in their existing operations, such as slashing prices. A company described as "aggressive" is often a Prospector organization. Prospectors focus on developing new products or services and in seeking out new markets, rather than waiting for things to happen. An example of a Prospector company is Gap, which announced it would look for new sales by expanding abroad. Another such company is Apple. Analyzers take a "me too" response to the world. Analyzers let other organizations take the risks of product development and marketing and then imitate (or perhaps slightly improve on) what seems to work best. For years, Microsoft has been accused of taking this approach. Reactors make adjustments only when finally forced to by environmental pressures. In the worst cases, they are so incapable of responding fast enough that they suffer massive sales losses and are even driven out of business. Kmart, for instance, failed to respond to Walmart's development of its distribution and inventory management competencies, resulting in stalled growth and a significant reduction in market share. Kmart's core business never recovered from this reactive strategy.
Job Analysis
Determining, by observation and analysis, the basic elements of a job.
are characterized by high ethnic diversity, declining divorce rates, economic uncertainty, and their inability to remember a time before computers and cell phones
Digital Natives
Jocelyn's staff is upset because they normally receive their paychecks or direct deposits on Fridays and occasionally on Thursdays if there is a holiday. Tomorrow is Friday, July 4, and the bank did not process payments today as expected, so Jocelyn is on the phone trying to get the situation resolved as part of which managerial role?
Disturbance handler
A(n) ______ system continually interacts with its environment. A) feedback B) relational C) cooperative D) complex E) open
E) open
The National Organization for Women is an example of which type of stakeholder? A) local community B) employee organization C) government regulator D) financial institution E) special-interest group
E) special-interest group
The rise of the "global village" and electronic commerce reflect the near virtual collapse of: A) the transcontinental rail system B) ancient civilizations C) trade barriers D) unstable foreign governments E) time and distance
E) time and distance
Travis, an accounting manager at a hospital equipment company, has just attended software training where he learned new processes that could benefit his staff. On the plane home he began planning how he would train everyone in order to help the department reach its goals. Travis's approach is most characteristic of what type of organization? A. A bureaucratic organization. B. An operations research organization. C. A systems organization. D. A management science organization. E. A learning organization.
E. A learning organization.
Passing the buck or procrastinating about a decision are examples of which type of reaction to a challenge? A. Panic B. Relaxed avoidance C. Relaxed change D. Decreased involvement E. Defensive avoidance
E. Defensive avoidance
When evaluating a solution in decision making, answering yes to which of the following questions should cause you to reconsider choosing it? A. Is there enough time? B. Are the costs reasonable? C. Is it ethical? D. Is the technology available? E. Do you consider it merely "good enough"?
E. Do you consider it merely "good enough"?
Which type of culture has an internal focus and values stability and control over flexibility? A. Clan B. Adhocracy C. Market D. Classical E. Hierarchy
E. Hierarchy
Which of the following is NOT a hindrance to perfectly rational decision making? A. Conflicting goals B. Imperfect information C. Information overload D. Limited cognitive capacity E. Lack of intuition
E. Lack of intuition
Which of the following is a way to become a world citizen? A. Dress comfortably and casually, so you are ready for any activity. B. To gain an early upper hand, be very vocal and assertive. C. Be and think globally. D. Speak English at all times since it is the world's language. E. Learn rituals of respect.
E. Learn rituals of respect.
Which of the following statements about group decision making is true? A. Individuals are always better than groups in decision making. B. Groups are always better than individuals in decision making. C. Groups minimize satisficing. D. Groups are faster at making decisions. E. Managers should utilize groups for decision making on a selective basis.
E. Managers should utilize groups for decision making on a selective basis.
Which of the following is a benefit of planning? A. Planning allows you to spend little time preparing for the future. B. Planning allows you to make all decisions without consulting superiors. C. Planning helps you compare your results to your competitors'. D. Planning helps the company to be spontaneous. E. Planning helps you cope with uncertainty.
E. Planning helps you cope with uncertainty
_______ group activities around similar products or services. A. Output structures B. Matrix organizations C. Offering divisions D. Functional structures E. Product divisions
E. Product divisions
Which of the following questions about a proposed action is NOT a key question in Bagley's ethical decision tree? A. Is it legal? B. Does it maximize shareholder value? C. Is it ethical? D. Would it be ethical not to do it? E. Should the effect of it be disclosed to shareholders?
E. Should the effect of it be disclosed to shareholders?
In which type of culture do employees adhere to the organization's values because they believe in its purpose? A. Fit B. Strategic C. Conditional D. Adaptive E. Strong
E. Strong
Scott works for an organization that describes itself as a "learning organization." As a manager, which of the following actions is Scott most likely to take while working for this organization? A. Scott encourages his employees to work alone and attempt to fix problems themselves for maximum efficiency. B. Scott likes to promote from within because those folks know how "it has always been done." C. Scott avoids the high costs of training and development since his employees are already familiar with standard procedures. D. Scott puts all of his time into running his part of the organization, and feels that reading trade journals is a big time waster. E. When Scott needs another employee, he deliberately looks for someone who will bring something new to the organization.
E. When Scott needs another employee, he deliberately looks for someone who will bring something new to the organization.
David is an architect, and the steps he takes in designing and drawing commercial buildings would be considered which part of his organization's system? A. an input B. feedback C. an output D. an affirmation E. a transformation process
E. a transformation process
Herndon Security operates across Florida and Georgia with a variety of products and services. It has a unit located in Tampa that provides home security to its clients, and another unit in Atlanta that provides security for businesses, in particular banks and high-technology firms. This is a ______ structure. A. functional B. simple C. geographic divisional D. matrix E. customer divisional
E. customer divisional
Elizabeth is a good manager but she is also a perfectionist. She often feels that she is the only one who can handle her division's special clients, so she frequently has problems with A. responsibility. B. allocation. C. accountability. D. authority. E. delegation.
E. delegation
Wheat producers in the United States claim that the Canadian Wheat Board is selling wheat imported into the United States at unreasonably low prices, and they fear depression of their own prices. The U.S. producers are accusing the Canadians of A. creating an embargo. B. unfair foreign advantage. C. export crashing. D. loss transactions. E. dumping.
E. dumping.
Although managers may wish to affect employees with explicitly stated values, they are frequently more influenced by ______ ones. A. subversive B. expressed C. espoused D. adopted E. enacted
E. enacted
Although managers may wish to affect employees with explicitly stated values, they are frequently more influenced by ______ ones. A. subversive B. expressed C. espoused D. adopted E. enacted
E. enacted
The adaptive cycle portrays businesses as continuously cycling through three kinds of business decisions: entrepreneurial, ______, and administrative A. leadership B. alignment C. organization D. production E. engineering
E. engineering
Having just spent $1,500 for a new engine for his old car, Danilo now learns his transmission needs to be replaced. He decides to junk the car now, rather than repair it. Danilo has avoided the __________ bias. A. anchoring and adjustment B. confirmation C. availability D. representativeness E. escalation of commitment
E. escalation of commitment
Organizations that actively create, acquire, and transfer knowledge within themselves and are able to modify their behavior to reflect this new knowledge are called __________ organizations. A. Hawthorne B. information C. Theory Y D. TQM E. learning
E. learning
According to technology philosopher Nicholas Negroponte, the global market driven by electronic information results in an increase of minifirms and A. multinational corporations. B. unstable governments. C. nonprofit organizations. D. intercorporate conflict. E. megamergers.
E. megamergers.
McKesson Corp., a U.S. pharmaceutical distributor, has a(n) ________ statement, which is "to provide comprehensive pharmacy solutions that improve productivity, profitability and result in superior patient care and satisfaction." A. purpose B. vision C. intention D. goal E. mission
E. mission
The statement which expresses the purpose of an organization is called a(n) A. goal statement. B. rationale statement. C. vision statement. D. intention statement. E. mission statement.
E. mission statement.
A narrow view in which people see things solely through their own perspective is known as A. concentrism. B. polycentrism. C. geocentrism. D. expatriatism. E. parochialism.
E. parochialism.
The process of involving employees in setting goals, making decisions, solving problems, and making changes is called A. conjoint management. B. escalation of commitment. C. satisficing. D. goal displacement. E. participative management.
E. participative management.
Bradley was working for the summer in Costa Rica. He had made arrangements with a business associate to give him a ride to a nearby town at 10 a.m. He was very upset when his ride had still not appeared by 10:30. Bradley did not understand that ______ time is common in Latin America. A. variable B. monochronic C. multitask D. delayed E. polychronic
E. polychronic
The strategy for minimizing errors by managing each stage of production is called A. TQM. B. six sigma. C. quality assurance. D. zero defects. E. quality control.
E. quality control.
Meg hired a great candidate from UCLA who has a big career ahead, and every year since Meg insists on going on a recruiting visit to that campus. Meg is convinced that hiring from UCLA in the future will produce the same level of success. This is an example of a(n) A. heuristic bias. B. professional effect. C. anchoring effect. D. availability bias. E. representativeness bias.
E. representativeness bias.
A supervisor of an assembly line has 45 employees that report to her; this would be considered a(n) ______ span of control. A. unsustainable B. tall C. deep D. complex E. wide
E. wide
A supervisor of an assembly line has 45 employees that report to her; this would be considered a(n) ______ span of control. A. unsustainable B. tall C. deep D. complex E. wide
E. wide
Explain evidence-based decision making. Name at least four of the seven implementation principles identified by Pfeffer and Sutton to help companies that are committed to evidence-based management
Evidence-based decision making means managers make decisions based on what actually works. They face the hard facts and use the best evidence to help navigate the competitive environment. Pfeffer and Sutton identify seven implementation principles to help companies that are committed to using evidence-based management: 1. Treat your organization as an unfinished prototype. 2. No brag, just facts. 3. See yourself and your organization as outsiders do. 4. Evidence-based management is not just for senior executives. 5. Like everything else, you still need to sell it. 6. If all else fails, slow the spread of bad practice. 7. The best diagnostic question: what happens when people fail?
T or F: urban revitalization has had no effect on the American lower classes.
F
An information organization has three parts: creating and acquiring knowledge, transferring knowledge, and modifying behavior.
FALE
A bike messenger company that operates in the downtown area of a large city recently set the following goal: "All deliveries should be completed as quickly as possible." This example meets the criteria for a SMART goal
FALSE
A clan culture has an external focus and values flexibility rather than stability and control
FALSE
A company with a formalized, structured work environment aimed at achieving efficiency, timeliness, and reliability in the creation and delivery of products has a clan culture
FALSE
A cost-benefit matrix is a graph of decisions and their possible consequences and is used to create a plan to reach a goal
FALSE
A directive individual takes longer to make a decision than an analytical one
FALSE
A disadvantage of group-aided decision making is that groups tend to suppress an individual's intellectual stimulation and creativity
FALSE
A foreign subsidiary that is totally owned and controlled by an organization is called a multinational
FALSE
A formal system of task and reporting relationships that coordinate and motivate an organization's members is known as an organizational configuration.
FALSE
A greenfield venture is a foreign subsidiary created to exploit previously untapped natural resources in another country
FALSE
A mission statement expresses what the organization should become and where it wants to go strategically
FALSE
A multinational corporation is a nonprofit organization with operations in several countries
FALSE
A policy includes more specifics that does a rule
FALSE
A recent study says that the world's information is doubling every seven years
FALSE
A revenue tariff is designed to protect domestic products from foreign imports by raising the price of the latter.
FALSE
A ritual is a narrative based on true events, which is repeated and sometimes embellished upon to emphasize a particular value of an organization
FALSE
A steady-state career entails a slow-but-steady growth in level of responsibility and compensation
FALSE
A tariff is a limitation on the numbers of products allowed into a country, imposed by its government to protect domestic industries
FALSE
A transitory career path involves a series of alternating promotions and demotions
FALSE
According to Miles and Snow's basic strategy types, a defender protects its strong position in an industry by constantly seeking new opportunities for growth
FALSE
Administrative management is most concerned with the jobs of individuals
FALSE
Allowing business-casual dress in the workplace is an example of the espoused values portion of organizational culture
FALSE
Amazon's statement in which it states its desire to "be the earth's most customer-centric company; to build a place where people can come to find and discover anything they might want to buy online" is a mission statement
FALSE
Among cultural patterns of which one should be aware is the importance of making direct eye contact most of the time with Japanese businesspeople.
FALSE
Among the negative effects of global interdependency are outsourcing and higher-priced goods.
FALSE
An import quota is a trade barrier in the form of a customs duty, or tax, levied mainly on imports
FALSE
An important source of information about quality in total quality management is competitors.
FALSE
Arabs prefer a larger interpersonal space when communicating than Americans.
FALSE
Ariel is an employee in a manufacturing plant who works the graveyard shift, midnight to 8am. One night, she saw one of her managers dumping some chemicals down a storm drain in the parking lot. When she confronted him, he said this was standard procedure for some waste materials to avoid other costly disposal measures. When Ariel wrote a letter about it to the local newspaper she was a(n)
FALSE
As a result of recent negotiations, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is expected to supersede the WTO by 2015.
FALSE
As of 2011, the United States was the world's top exporter
FALSE
As part of the planning process, businesses set what are known as targets, which are specific commitments to achieve measurable results within a stated period of time
FALSE
As part of the scientific management viewpoint, Taylor suggested paying all employees doing the same job the same wage.
FALSE
Bay-traders are those who trade seafood from the Chesapeake Bay for other goods rather than selling it on the open market.
FALSE
Because of radical changes to modern business practice, theoretical perspectives of management provide a historical context but unfortunately do not enhance understanding of the present.
FALSE
Behavioral science research has shown that competition is superior to cooperation in promoting achievement and productivity.
FALSE
Blockbuster Video was slow to adapt to the latest trends in its industry, such as DVD-by-mail and movie downloads online. When it tried to incorporate the same into its business model, it was well behind competitors like Netflix. Blockbuster might be defined as a defender, according to Miles and Snow
FALSE
Business founders and subsequent managers primarily use power and coercion to embed the culture into the organization
FALSE
Companies that must respond to fast-changing customer tastes often favor a mechanistic structure to an organic one
FALSE
Countertrading refers to a company producing goods domestically and selling them outside the country
FALSE
Customers who experience poor customer service are more likely to tell the company about it than to tell family or friends
FALSE
Elian, a manager at a busy restaurant, was very careful about how he scheduled his personnel, making sure everyone was busy during work, and he carefully watched his other costs too, getting competitive bids from suppliers on a regular basis. Elian would best be described as a(n) _____ manager.
FALSE
Evidence shows that firms that announce layoffs have higher stock prices than their peers, both in the near term and over time
FALSE
Evidence-based management means translating principles from promising new theories into organizational practice.
FALSE
Facilities management is concerned with work scheduling, productions planning, and optimal levels of inventory.
FALSE
Fast-food companies including McDonald's have used job specialization, and time and motion studies to increase productivity. This reflects the important contributions of the quantitative viewpoint of management.
FALSE
Fawaz is contemplating a couple of new options for the order takers that he manages. There is no great urgency in the situation; he just needs to have a procedure in place within a couple of months. Fawaz would be wise to make this decision by himself
FALSE
For a jewelry designer, gold and silver rings, earrings, and bracelets are considered system inputs.
FALSE
For international expansion, joint ventures have a lower level of risk than franchising.
FALSE
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth were chief proponents of administrative management.
FALSE
Geocentric policies have been linked to recruiting difficulties and high turnover
FALSE
Globalization is defined as the elimination of all trade barriers worldwide.
FALSE
Group-driven computer-aided decision systems ask participants to answer predetermined questions on electronic keypads or dials
FALSE
Heuristics is a technique in which members of a group come together over a computer network to generate ideas and alternatives
FALSE
Horizontally on an organizational chart are the various companies outside of the firm, such as suppliers and distributors
FALSE
If you can describe a job precisely, or write rules for doing it, it is protected against offshoring
FALSE
In MBO, objectives that employees fail to meet should be put aside for the next period in favor of ones that they can achieve
FALSE
In a closed system, an organization's outputs are recycled to become inputs.
FALSE
In an organization's approach to planning, its mission and vision statements should be created once the strategic planning process is complete
FALSE
In single-use plans, a program is another name for a project
FALSE
In the planning/control cycle, carrying out the plan is one of the control steps
FALSE
In this time of Internet connections and speedy-access computer databases, one typically has complete information for planning and decision making
FALSE
Jaclyn is a manager who keeps a tight rein on her staff since she thinks they would not work without supervision. She doubts their commitment to the company and even to their own development. She is a Theory Y manager.
FALSE
Keep in mind the importance of maintaining group relations; don't stand in the way of a group trying to reach consensus
FALSE
MBO was developed by Frederick Taylor as part of scientific management
FALSE
Maquiladoras are manufacturing plants allowed to operate in South and Central America with special privileges in return for employing citizens in these countries.
FALSE
Most managers have just one dominant decision-making style
FALSE
Most of what we know about our native culture we have learned through formal education
FALSE
Motivating employees toward achievement is a focus of the classical viewpoint of management.
FALSE
Nonrational models of decision making describe how managers should make decisions rather than how they actually do
FALSE
One advantage of decentralized organizations is that procedures are uniform and thus easier to control
FALSE
One of the problems with the classical viewpoint is that its principles are too focused on human needs rather than on organizational ones.
FALSE
One reason for the success of the Tommy Hilfiger clothing brand in the 1990s was maintaining a closed system with respect to young consumers' feedback by conducting research in music clubs.
FALSE
Operational goals are set by middle managers and focus on the actions needed to achieve strategic goals.
FALSE
Operational planning is normally performed by middle management
FALSE
Opportunities should be identified in the alternative evaluation stage of the decision-making process
FALSE
Participative management has a large effect on job performance and job satisfaction
FALSE
People with a low tolerance for ambiguity and an orientation toward task and technical concerns in making decisions have an analytical decision-making style
FALSE
Perpetuation objectives are one type of objective used in MBO
FALSE
Planning helps managers to cope with events that can be predicted but id not particularly helpful when conditions are uncertain
FALSE
Planning occurs only at the highest levels of an organizations, being done by top managers
FALSE
Policies, procedures, and rules are types of single-use plans
FALSE
Polycentric managers accept that there are differences and similarities between home and foreign personnel and practices and that they should use whatever techniques are most effective.
FALSE
Portfolio analysis is an example of the incremental model of decision making
FALSE
Power distance refers to how loosely or tightly people are socially bonded.
FALSE
Putting questions to a vote is a good method to help a group reach consensus
FALSE
Quality control focuses on the performance of workers, urging employees to strive for "zero defects."
FALSE
Relaxed change is one type of effective response for a manager to take when confronted with a challenge
FALSE
SMART is an acronym that represents characteristics necessary to motivate employees in their periodic reviews
FALSE
Satisficing occurs when a manager takes small, short-term steps to alleviate a problem.
FALSE
Smart phones, e-mail, and videoconferencing have all but eliminated the need for international business travel.
FALSE
Southwest Airlines' goal of being highly profitable is a tactical goal
FALSE
Tactical planning is done by first-line managers, who look forward to the next 1-8 weeks
FALSE
Tariffs are common today and still growing in number since they have a long history of successfully protecting jobs in this country.
FALSE
The "R" in SMART goal stands for "reachable"
FALSE
The Hawthorne studies have been criticized for poor design and a lack of empirical data to support the conclusions, so the findings cannot be applied to modern management.
FALSE
The Internet has made it more difficult for small firms to get started because now everyone must compete on a global scale.
FALSE
The United States exports more to China than to any other nation
FALSE
The behavioral science approach to management has its roots in techniques created for American and British military personnel and equipment in World War II.
FALSE
The central assumption in classical management is that people are self-interested.
FALSE
The classical viewpoint emphasized ways to manage work more independently.
FALSE
The conceptual style of decision making is the most people oriented of the styles
FALSE
The contemporary perspective of management includes three viewpoints: systems, behavioral, and quantitative.
FALSE
The contingency viewpoint began to develop when managers discovered that a variety of different mathematical models can be applied for problem solving and decision making.
FALSE
The first stage of in an organization's life cycle is known as the creation stage
FALSE
The first step in an MBO program is for the manager to set objectives for her subordinate
FALSE
The first step in the rational decision making process is to think up alternative solutions
FALSE
The functional structure is the most typical type for small firms
FALSE
The global economy refers to the heightened economic regulation of many national markets as they protect themselves from one another.
FALSE
The management theory that draws from the disciplines of psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics is the management science approach.
FALSE
The operating plan defines the course of action needed to achieve a stated goal
FALSE
The planning/control cycle has three planning steps and three control steps
FALSE
The process of a business cycling through decisions first to select products and markets, then about producing and delivering the products, and finally to establish roles and processes is known as the discovery cycle FALSE
FALSE
The process of fitting the organization to its environment is called incidental design
FALSE
The process of identifying and choosing between alternative courses of action is known as option evaluation
FALSE
The purpose of granting "most favored nation" status to another country is to promote tourism
FALSE
The rate at which one country's currency can be swapped for another country's currency is called the substitution rate.
FALSE
The rational model of decision making assumes that managers will choose the available alternative that best supports their existing beliefs
FALSE
The rational model works well even with the incomplete information and uncertainty about consequences that managers often face
FALSE
The religion with the most followers worldwide is Hinduism.
FALSE
The tendency for group members to agree for the sake of unanimity and thus avoid accurately assessing the decision situation is called satisficing
FALSE
The term global village refers to the tendency for various cultural groups to cluster in small pods throughout the world.
FALSE
The total ability of a product or service to meet customer needs is known as functionality.
FALSE
The two branches of the classical viewpoint of management are rational and bureaucratic.
FALSE
To be compliant with current federal legislation, all for-profit companies are required to have an ethics officer
FALSE
To effectively use evidence-based management, the more evidence you can gather, the better
FALSE
Trade protectionism is a term for government measures that promote and preserve free trade globally.
FALSE
Two of the reasons companies expand internationally are to take advantage of the availability of suppliers, or to charge tariffs or impose import quotas
FALSE
Under the differential rate system proposed by Frederick Taylor, employees should be paid on the basis of seniority.
FALSE
Unless you work outside of the United States, international management is likely to have little relevance during your career.
FALSE
When DuPont agrees to let a Brazilian company make its product Teflon, the nonstick coating, in its local market for a fee it is called franchising.
FALSE
When evaluating alternatives in decision making, you must assess cost and quality and also ask the question, "Is it simple?
FALSE
When managers use information that is readily available from memory to make judgments, it is known as a confirmation bias
FALSE
When then-president of Chrysler Bob Lutz ordered the development of the Dodge Viper without supporting research but because it "just felt right," he was using the incremental model of decision making
FALSE
Yichao, a manager of a downtown hair salon, has been procrastinating about a problem. Over the past year, his company has seen a high rate of customer defections, and even the loss of some of its best stylists. Still, he hasn't even begun to investigate the issue. This is an indicator of relaxed avoidance.
FALSE
What are a manager's options if the action she decided to take isn't working? Why should a manager resist the urge to "stick it out" when feedback is negative?
If the action is not working, a manager should consider giving it more time, changing the decision or its implementation slightly, trying another alternative, or starting over. But a manager should recognize that "sticking it out" may reflect a sunk-cost or escalation of commitment bias.
Middle Class
It is divided into two groups, both of which have average incomes, and it form 70 percent of the American population
Which of the following is an accurate statement about marketing to the lower classes in the United States?
It is often controversial, especially when it comes to marketing "sin" products.
heuristics. (Scholars call rules of thumb heuristics—strategies that simplify the process of making decisions.)
Landon has a simple rule that he follows when it comes to new hiring; if four or more of his staff are working 20% or more overtime, he hires another employee. Landon is using
anchoring and adjustment bias, (Managers will often give their employees a standard percentage raise in salary, even though the raise may be completely out of alignment with what other companies are paying for the same skills. This is an instance of the anchoring and adjustment bias, the tendency to make decisions based on an initial figure.)
Managers at Mercury Motor Club have given employees raises year after year based on what they had given the year before, even though now their employees were very underpaid compared to similar positions with other clubs. This is an example of a(n)
availability bias, (Managers tend to give more weight to more recent behavior. This is because of the availability bias—managers use information readily available from memory to make judgments.)
Managers tend to give more weight to more recent behavior. This is due to the
Which of the following is a challenge facing managers today?
Managing to achieve the manager's own happiness and life goals
Explain the difference between standing plans and single-use plans. Define the three types of standing plans, the two types of single-use plans and give examples of each.
Standing plans are plans developed for activities that occur repeatedly over a period of time. Standing plans consist of policies, procedures, and rules. A policy is a standing plan that outlines the general response to a designated problem or situation. Example: "This workplace does not condone swearing." This policy is a broad statement that gives managers a general idea about what is allowable for employees who use bad language, but gives no specifics. A procedure (or standard operating procedure) is a standing plan that outlines the response to particular problems or circumstances. Example: White Castle specifies exactly how a hamburger should be dressed, including the order in which the mustard, ketchup, and pickles are applied. A rule is a standing plan that designates specific required action. Example: "No smoking is allowed anywhere in the building." This allows no room for interpretation. Single-use plans are plans developed for activities that are not likely to be repeated in the future. Such plans can be programs or projects. A program is a single-use plan encompassing a range of projects or activities. Example: The U.S. government space program (which was to be closed by the end of 2010) had several projects, including the Challenger project and the Hubble Telescope project. A project is a single-use plan of less scope and complexity than a program. Example: The space shuttle Discovery was one project in the government's space program.
Explain the three perspectives of organizational culture that may enhance economic performance. Which perspective was found to provide the highest level of long-term financial performance?
Strength, fit, and adaptive culture may enhance economic performance. The strength perspective assumes that the strength of a corporate culture is related to a firm's long-term financial performance. The fit perspective assumes that an organization's culture must align, or fit, with its business or strategic context. A correct fit is expected to foster higher financial performance. The adaptive perspective assumes that the most effective cultures help organizations anticipate and adapt to environmental changes. An investigation of 207 companies from 22 industries during the years 1977-1988 partly supported the strength and fit perspectives. However, findings were completely consistent with the adaptive perspective. Long-term financial performance was highest for organizations with an adaptive culture.
A "therblig," a term coined by Frank Gilbreth, is a unit of motion in the workplace.
TRUE
A learning organization is one that actively creates, acquires, and transfers knowledge within itself and is able to modify itself to reflect new knowledge.
TRUE
A market culture has a strong external focus and values stability and control
TRUE
A marketing plan is an example of an action plan
TRUE
A procedure is a standing plan that outlines the response to particular problems or circumstances
TRUE
A set of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose is called a system.
TRUE
A spiral career path depends on having jobs that, while fundamentally different, build on one another
TRUE
A vision has a clear sense of the future and the actions needed to get there
TRUE
A wholly owned subsidiary is the global expansion strategy with the highest risk and investment.
TRUE
Abraham Maslow and Douglas McGregor were theorists in the human relations movement.
TRUE
Abraham Maslow would say that some human needs must be satisfied before others.
TRUE
According to Harvard psychology professor Ellen Langer, one barrier to flexibility is mindlessness.
TRUE
Among the functions of a manager in a learning organization are generating and generalizing ideas with impact.
TRUE
An example of a trading bloc is the European Union.
TRUE
An inherent weakness of the European Union is that stronger countries may have to rescue weaker ones that are in financial crisis.
TRUE
An organization's goals arranged in a hierarchy from low level to high level can be termed a means-end chain
TRUE
Because it is unrealistic for SMART goals to be accomplished overnight, they should have target dates
TRUE
Because the human relations movement was considered too simplistic for practical use, it has been superseded by the behavioral science approach to management.
TRUE
Becoming a world citizen includes learning how not to be an "ugly American."
TRUE
Being "loss adverse" and hating to admit you're wrong can contribute to the escalation of commitment bias.
TRUE
Brainstorming is a technique used to help groups generate multiple ideas and alternatives for solving problems.
TRUE
Bureaucracy, as conceptualized by Max Weber, was his ideal way to structure an organization.
TRUE
Capital One uses predictive modeling by conducting experiments to evaluate which customers will sign up for credit cards and pay back their debt
TRUE
Consensus occurs when group members are able to express their opinions and reach agreement to support the final decision
TRUE
Continuous learning in an organization is more likely to occur in an open system than in a closed one.
TRUE
Cuban cigars and sugar cannot legally be imported into the United States because of a trade embargo
TRUE
Deadlines can help one concentrate the mind, in order to make decisions rather than put them off
TRUE
Decisions that are predictable, following a well-defined set of procedures, are typical of operational planning
TRUE
Deglobalization is a trend to move production back to the United States over fears about geopolitics or energy prices.
TRUE
Deming and Juran were part of the quality-management movement.
TRUE
Determining an organization's mission is the responsibility of top management and the board of directors
TRUE
Dumping is the practice of a foreign company exporting products abroad at a lower price than the price in the home market, or even below the costs of production, in order to drive down the price of the domestic product.
TRUE
E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of products and services through computer networks.
TRUE
Eastman Kodak, though it actually invented the digital camera, was slow to move into the production of this product as well as digital printers. Its continued reliance untraditional 35mm film production and processing, which resulted in its bankruptcy, makes it a reactor accruing to Miles and Snow
TRUE
Ethnocentrism is a form of parochialism
TRUE
Experts may make irrational decisions because they are unable to see things from an outsider's perspective
TRUE
Facebook strives to be on the cutting edge of social media and is experiencing phenomenal growth. It encourages what it calls a "hacker" mindset, always looking to break down the old in favor of something better. Of Miles and Snow's basic strategy types, Facebook would be described as a prospector.
TRUE
Feedback is one of the four parts of a system.
TRUE
For implementation of a chosen solution in decision making to be successful, you need to plan carefully and be sensitive to those affected
TRUE
Gary Hamel, cofounder of the Management Innovation Lab, believes than management innovation can be improved by identifying and sometimes challenging core beliefs that people have about an organization.
TRUE
General Motors working with Shanghai Automotive Industry Group to build Buicks in China is an example of a strategic alliance.
TRUE
Great communications systems have been a hallmark of great civilizations.
TRUE
Groups make better decisions than most individuals acting alone
TRUE
Heuristics are strategies that simplify the process of making decisions
TRUE
Hugo Munsterberg suggested that psychologists could contribute to industry by studying jobs and determining which people are best suited to specific jobs.
TRUE
If Toys R Us provides the use of its name plus its operating know-how to a company in Poland in return for an upfront fee plus a percentage of the profits, Toys R Us would be participating in franchising.
TRUE
If a chosen alternative is implemented and it does not appear to be working, you may need to give it more time
TRUE
If a country's currency drops dramatically and it is unable to import the goods it needs, then an exporter who trades with that country may turn to countertrading.
TRUE
Importance of the situation, the credibility of the information about it, and the urgency of it should be considered in the decision about whether to decide
TRUE
In China, it is permissible for office colleagues to inquire about the size of your apartment and your salary.
TRUE
In polychronic time, time is viewed as being flexible and multidimensional.
TRUE
In the planning/control cycle, comparing the results with the plan is one of the control steps
TRUE
In the planning/control cycle, part of the control process can be to improve future plans
TRUE
In time-critical situations, satisficing may be a good approach to decision making
TRUE
Intuition based on feelings rather than expertise, or the involuntary emotional response to those feelings, is known as automated experience
TRUE
Jobs that requires face-to-face or physical contact, or those that require recognition of complex patterns, are unlikely to be offshored.
TRUE
Knowing the cultural tendencies of foreign business partners and competitors can give you a strategic competitive advantage.
TRUE
Managers who take the view that native managers in foreign offices best understand native personnel and practices, and so the home office should leave them alone, are called polycentric managers
TRUE
Max Weber felt that impersonality was a positive attribute of an organization that would lead to better performance.
TRUE
Mergers have surged in the past 20 years because many industries are not suited to midsize or small companies
TRUE
Microsoft has been accused of adapting competitors' products after those firms spent the resources and took the risks to develop them. Companies with this strategy are known as analyzers by Miles and Snow
TRUE
Middle and supervisory managers may be a source of resistance in participatory management
TRUE
Motion studies were used to assess and improve efficiency as part of the classical viewpoint
TRUE
Netflix's business suffered when it failed to use an open system in its decision to introduce a large price increase while simultaneously splitting its DVD mail service from its streaming one.
TRUE
Offshoring is defined as using suppliers outside the home country to provide labor, goods, or services
TRUE
One advantage of small companies over large ones is the former's ability to change direction faster.
TRUE
One problem with the incremental model is that temporary steps may actually impede a beneficial long-term solution
TRUE
Oscar is a manager of a downtown hotel and is currently considering the pricing of rooms for the upcoming holiday season. He would be wise to use the mathematical tools of management science to help him with this decision.
TRUE
Over the years, Toyota has used a variety of operations management-based "lean management" techniques to sell its cars on the basis of superior quality.
TRUE
Part of evidence-based management is understanding the potential danger in conventional wisdom about management.
TRUE
Peter Drucker was the author of The Practice of Management and has been described as the creator and inventor of modern management.
TRUE
Peter was having a hard time concentrating on work on Friday afternoon. He had friends visiting for the weekend and he kept checking his phone and his Facebook page to solidify his plans. He certainly wasn't working as hard as he could have been, something that scientific management theorist Frederick Taylor would have called "soldiering."
TRUE
Planning and strategic management derive from an organization's mission and vision about itself
TRUE
Planning gives you expectations against which you can compare your performance
TRUE
Politics has provided evidence that appeals to emotion are more effective than appeals to logic in decision making
TRUE
Proponents of evidence-based management would say there are few really new ideas
TRUE
Recently, the International Monetary Fund has had a high-profile role in assisting some weaker European countries, including making loans to Greece, Portugal, and Ireland.
TRUE
Risk propensity is the willingness to gamble or to undertake risk for the possibility of getting an increased payoff
TRUE
SMART goals that are challenging yet can be met within the available scope of time, equipment, and financial support are known as attainable, the "A" in SMART
TRUE
Sales data would be considered feedback in a system.
TRUE
Sandra did an Internet search for Jamaican hotels when she was setting up her vacation, but found over 7 million results, of which she could only handle looking at about two pages. Sandra is operating under conditions of bounded rationality
TRUE
Shanice recently took a management job in the book publishing industry, which is undergoing dramatic change. She should study theoretical perspectives of management to help her predict some of the probable outcomes of this change and help her decide on potential strategy going forward.
TRUE
Smaller-sized groups make higher-quality decisions
TRUE
Southwest Airlines' goal of making arrival times more reliable is a tactical goal
TRUE
Strategic goals focus on objectives for the organization as a whole
TRUE
Strategic planning determines goals for an organization for a period of 1-5 years
TRUE
Studies show that even severe life events have a negative impact on one's sense of well-being for no more than about three months
TRUE
Studying theoretical perspectives of management can be a source of new ideas.
TRUE
Successful international managers are most likely to be geocentric rather than ethnocentric or polycentric
TRUE
Telecommunication company Cisco Systems abandoned its "management councils" experiment, which had replaced a traditional hierarchical structure, because the councils slowed decision making.
TRUE
The GLOBE cultural dimension that examines the extent to which a society should minimize gender discrimination and role inequalities is known as gender egalitarianism.
TRUE
The U.S. government space program is an example of a single-use plan
TRUE
The World Health Organization is an example of a multinational organization
TRUE
The final step in the rational decision-making process is to implement and evaluate the chosen solution
TRUE
The first person to identify the major functions of management was Henri Fayol.
TRUE
The global economy has had a revitalizing effect on some parts of industrial America.
TRUE
The global economy refers to worldwide conditions by which goods, people, and money can move more freely.
TRUE
The idea that workers become more productive if they think that managers care about their welfare is called the "Hawthorne Effect."
TRUE
The incremental model is a nonrational model of decision making
TRUE
The manager following the contingency viewpoint would ask, "What management method is the best to use under these particular circumstances?"
TRUE
The operating plan identifies clear targets such as revenues and cash flow
TRUE
The organization that assists in smoothing the flow of money between nations is the International Monetary Fund
TRUE
The practice of management is both an art and a science
TRUE
The purpose of MBO is to motivate subordinates
TRUE
The quantitative viewpoint on management is part of the historical perspective.
TRUE
Understanding how to use failure is an important implementation principle for evidence-based management
TRUE
When QVC experiments with which products it will sell on its television shopping network and follows this up with analysis of why some sell and others don't, it is using evidence-based management
TRUE
When U.S. companies hire UPS to conduct some of their logistics functions for them it is known as outsourcing
TRUE
When a manager makes a decision based on the strong beliefs she already has, she is guilty of a prior-hypothesis bias
TRUE
Where time is of the essence, in most cases an individual should make the decision rather than a group
TRUE
Women investors make trades much less often than men, do a lot more research, and have better returns on average
TRUE
You can increase your ability to influence others by being aware of decision-making styles
TRUE
In seeking competitive advantage, the first law of business is to...
Take care of the customer
preconventional, (Kohlberg has proposed three levels of personal moral development—preconventional, conventional, and postconventional. At level 1, the preconventional level, managers would be autocratic or coercive, and expect employees to be obedient for obedience's sake.)
Tanya is a new manager, and she is always threatening her employees with a variety of punishments in order to get them to follow the rules. The level of personal moral development at which Tanya is operating is the ______ level according to Kohlberg.
Distributors are part of the ______ environment of organizations.
Task
defensive, (A defensive strategy or a retrenchment strategy, is a grand strategy that involves reduction in the organization's efforts. In a variation of this strategy, it can sell off (liquidate) assets—land, buildings, inventories, and the like.)
Techno Tools is selling off land, buildings and some of its product inventory. This is a variation of which of these grand strategies?
The music industry has been changed dramatically by consumers ability to download songs from the internet. This is an example of ________ forces in an organizations ________ environment.
Technological; general
The music industry has been changed dramatically by consumers' ability to download songs from the Internet. This is an example of ______ forces in an organization's ______ environment.
Technological; general
Explain the various ways that companies can expand internationally. List them in order of lowest to highest risk and investment.
The alternatives are: 1. Global outsourcing: using suppliers outside the country to provide goods and/or services. 2. Importing, exporting, and countertrading: buying foreign products for domestic resale, selling domestic products outside the country, or trading for goods. 3. Licensing or franchising: allowing a foreign company to distribute a good or service for a fee, or allowing a foreign company to use a brand name and organizational know-how in return for a fee and percentage of profits. 4. Joint venture: allying with a foreign company to start a new enterprise together in a foreign country. 5. Wholly owned subsidiary: buying or starting a foreign subsidiary.
Identify the assumptions of the rational decision-making model. Do these hold true in most situations?
The assumptions are: 1. There is complete information and no uncertainty. 2. Logical and unemotional analysis is possible. 3. The best decision for the organization will be chosen. The assumptions may not hold true in most situations. According to the research by Herbert Simon, managers cannot truly act logically because of bounded rationality. Constraints include complexity, time, cognitive capacity, and imperfect or too much information, among others
Explain the ideas emphasized by the behavioral viewpoint. List the three phases of development of the behavioral viewpoint and discuss at least one major contribution and its pioneer from each of the first two phases.
The behavioral viewpoint emphasized the importance of understanding human behavior and of motivating employees toward achievement. The three phases include the early behaviorism, the human relations movement, and behavioral science. Students should describe at least one of the following: The three people who pioneered behavioral theory were Hugo Munsterberg, Mary Parker Follett, and Elton Mayo. Hugo Munsterberg was the first to apply psychology to industry and is called "the father of industrial psychology." Mary Parker Follet believed that organizations should become more democratic, with managers and employees working cooperatives. She anticipated some of today's concepts of "self-managed teams," "worker empowerment," and "interdepartmental teams." Elton Mayo conducted the Hawthorne studies, which demonstrated the Hawthorne effect, in which employees worked harder if they received added attention, if they thought that managers cared about their welfare or that supervisors paid special attention to them. Students should describe at least one of the following: The two theorists who contributed most to the human relations movement, which proposed that better human relations could increase worker productivity, were Abraham Maslow and Douglas McGregor. Abraham Maslow developed the hierarchy of needs in his research to study motivation. Douglas McGregor developed Theory X versus Theory Y to explain managers' attitudes toward employees.
Identify at least three benefits for companies of expanding internationally, and provide an example of each.
The benefits include: 1. Availability of supplies. For years oil companies, for example, have expanded their activities outside the United States in seeking cheaper or more plentiful sources of oil. 2. New markets for old products. Sometimes a company will find, as cigarette makers have, that the demand for their product has declined domestically but that they can still make money overseas. 3. Lower labor costs. For example, the rationale for using maquiladoras, manufacturing plants allowed to operate in Mexico with special privileges in return for employing Mexican citizens, is that they provide less expensive labor for assembling everything from appliances to cars. 4. Access to financial capital. Sometimes a foreign government will offer a subsidy in hopes of attracting a company that will create jobs, as Ireland did in the 1970s for Lotus sports-car maker John DeLorean. 5. Avoidance of trade barriers. For example, Japan imposes tariffs on agricultural products, such as rice, imported from the United States. To avoid these penalties, a company might create a subsidiary to produce the product in the foreign country.
Describe the fundamental ideas underlying the classical viewpoint to management, and give at least one example of a modern practice that has its roots in this view. Compare and contrast its two approaches.
The classical viewpoint is based on the assumption that people are rational. The essence of the classical viewpoint was that work activity was amenable to a rational approach, that through the application of scientific methods, time and motion studies, and job specialization it was possible to boost productivity. The classical viewpoint also led to such innovations as management by objectives and goal setting, as we explain elsewhere. The two major approaches are the scientific management approach and the administrative approach. Scientific management emphasized the scientific study of work methods to improve the productivity of individual workers. Two of its chief proponents were Frederick W. Taylor and the team of Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. Taylor used motion studies and suggested using a differential rate system. The Gilbreths expanded on Taylor's motion studies. Administrative management is concerned with managing the total organization. Among the pioneering theorists were Henri Fayol, who identified the major functions of management, and Max Weber, who advocated five positive bureaucratic features.
Describe the history of communication and how it has been important to great civilizations through the modern day, and the concept of the "global village."
The hallmark of great civilizations has been their great systems of communications. In the beginning, communications was based on transportation: the Roman Empire had its network of roads, as did other ancient civilizations, such as the Incas. Later the great European powers had their far-flung navies. In the 19th century, the United States and Canada unified North America by building transcontinental railroads. Later the airplane reduced travel time between continents. Transportation began to yield to the electronic exchange of information. Beginning in 1844, the telegraph ended the short existence of the Pony Express and, beginning in 1876, found itself in competition with the telephone. The amplifying vacuum tube, invented in 1906, led to commercial radio. Television came into being in England in 1925. During the 1950s and 1960s, as television exploded throughout the world, communications philosopher Marshall McLuhan posed the notion of a "global village," which refers to the "shrinking" of time and space as air travel and the electronic media have made it easier for the people of the globe to communicate with one another. Then the world became even faster and smaller. Fifteen years ago, cell phones, pagers, fax, and voice-mail links barely existed. Then came the Internet, the worldwide computer-linked "network of networks," of which there were an estimated 1.7 billion users throughout the world in late 2000. The arrival of the Web quickly led to e-commerce, or electronic commerce, the buying and selling of products and services through computer networks.
Extrinsic Reward
The payoff a person receives from others for performing a particular task
Describe the planning/control cycle.
The planning/control cycle has two planning steps (1 and 2) and two control steps (3 and 4), as follows: (1) Make the plan. (2) Carry out the plan. (3) Control the direction by comparing results with the plan. (4) Control the direction by taking corrective action in two ways—namely, (a) by correcting deviations in the plan being carried out, or (b) by improving future plans.
Identify the steps of rational decision making
The steps are: Identify the problem/opportunity. Think up alternative solutions. Evaluate the alternatives and make a decision. Implement and evaluate the solution chosen.
Explain what a matrix structure is, and draw an organization chart that depicts a matrix (including appropriate job titles). Explain what you think it would be like to be a manager in a matrix organization
The student should explain the matrix structure, draw a chart similar to the one shown in the text, and give his or her opinion of working in a matrix. In a matrix structure, an organization combines functional and divisional chains of command in a grid so that there are two command structures, vertical and horizontal. The functional structure usually doesn't change It is the organization's normal departments or divisions, such as finance, marketing, production, and R&D. The divisional structure may vary, as by product, brand, customer, or geographic region. One of the difficulties of the matrix is reporting to two managers who may have different priorities, or as a manager, to compete with another manager for an employee's services. This is a violation of the unity of command principle. For an example of a drawing of a matrix organization, see Figure 8.9 (students may vary labels, but should still show a similar matrix reporting structure).
Define organizational culture, and explain three layers in which it appears. Choose an organization with which you have some experience (for example, an employer, one of your schools, your church, a club) and use it to illustrate the layers of culture
The student should first define organizational culture and then provide examples for the visible and invisible levels of culture of the organization he or she chooses. Organizational culture is the system of shared beliefs and values that develops within an organization and guides the behavior of its members. Organizational culture appears as three layers: (1) observable artifacts, (2) espoused values, and (3) basic assumptions. Each level varies in terms of outward visibility and resistance to change, and each level influences another level. At the most visible level, organizational culture is expressed in observable artifacts—physical manifestations such as manner of dress, awards, myths, and stories about the company, rituals and ceremonies, and decorations, as well as visible behavior exhibited by managers and employees. Espoused values are the explicitly stated values and norms preferred by an organization, as may be put forth by the firm's founder or top managers. Basic assumptions, which are not observable, represent the core values of an organization's culture—those that are taken for granted and, as a result, are difficult to change.
Describe the systems viewpoint and provide examples of each of the four associated parts using a real or fictitious company.
The systems viewpoint sees organizations as a system, either open or closed, with inputs, outputs, transformation processes, and feedback. Inputs are the people, money, information, equipment, and materials required to produce an organization's goods or services. Example: For a jewelry designer—designer, money, artistic talent, gold and silver, tools, marketing expertise. Transformational processes are the organization's capabilities in management and technology that are applied to converting inputs into outputs. Example: Designer's management skills (planning, organizing, leading, controlling), gold and silver smithing tools and expertise, website for marketing. Outputs are the products, services, profits, losses, employee satisfaction or discontent, produced by the organization. Example: Gold and silver rings, earrings, bracelets, and the like. Feedback is the information about the reaction of the environment to the outputs, which affects the inputs. Example: Web customers like African-style designs or dislike imitation Old English designs.
satisficing., (Because most people would just as soon cut short a group meeting, the tendency is to seek a decision that is "good enough" rather than to push on in pursuit of other possible solutions. Satisficing can occur because groups have limited time, lack the right kind of information, or are unable to handle large amounts of information.)
The tendency of a group to settle on a decision that is "good enough" is called
Achievement, Affiliation, Power
The three needs according to McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory
Identify and discuss the purpose of the three principal organizations designed to facilitate international trade.
The three organizations are the WTO, the World Bank, and the IMF. The WTO (World Trade Organization) serves as a forum for agreements between nations about international trade, and a means to resolve disputes in that area. The World Bank provides low-interest loans to developing countries for improving their infrastructure, including transportation, education, health, and communications. The IMF (International Monetary Fund) assists in the flow of money between nations, and operates as a last-resort lender that makes short-term loans to countries in financial difficulties.
Why should one study different theoretical perspectives about management? Give at least three reasons.
There are five good reasons for studying theoretical perspectives. The student may give any three of the following: (1) understanding of the present, (2) guide to action, (3) source of new ideas, (4) clues to meaning of your managers' decisions, (5) clues to meaning of outside events.
strategic, tactical, and operational.
There are three levels of planning. Their order, from first to last, is
multi-item indexes
These consider many variables simultaneously and weight these according to a scheme that mirrors societal perceptions.
Single-item indexes
These estimate social status on the basis of one dimension such as occupation, education, or income, and are usually lower in accuracy
Healthy Indulge
They are healthy, both physically and mentally, and seek to enjoy life actively and independently
Health Hermits
They are physically healthy but have a reduced self-concept because of significant life events that have made them withdrawn.
Frail Recluses
They have accepted their old age and have adjusted their lifestyles to mirror their decreased physical abilities and social roles.
John Quincy Adams?
This President wrote, "If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more and become more, you are a leader."
Give five examples of mechanisms used by organizations to embed its culture
Those who found a business, and the managers who follow them, essentially use a teaching process to embed the values, beliefs, expectations, behaviors, and business philosophy that constitute the organization's culture. Among the mechanisms used are the following: Formal Statements: The first way to embed preferred culture is through the use of formal statements of organizational philosophy, mission, vision, and values, as well as materials used for recruiting, selecting, and socializing employees. Slogans & Sayings: The desirable corporate culture can be expressed in language, slogans, sayings, and acronyms. Stories, Legends, & Myths: These can illustrate values. Leader Reactions to Crises: How top managers respond to critical incidents and organizational crises sends a clear cultural message. Role Modeling, Training, & Coaching: They illustrate goals and values. Physical Design of workplaces is often complementary to the culture. Rewards, Titles, Promotions, & Bonuses: These demonstrate what is valued. Organizational Goals & Performance Criteria: Many organizations establish organizational goals and criteria for recruiting, selecting, developing, promoting, dismissing, and retiring people, all of which reinforce the desired organizational culture. Measurable & Controllable Activities: An organization's leaders can pay attention to, measure, and control a number of activities, processes, or outcomes that can foster a certain culture. Organizational Structure: The hierarchical structure found in most traditional organizations is more likely to reinforce a culture oriented toward control and authority compared with the flatter organization that eliminates management layers in favor of giving employees more power. Organizational Systems & Procedures: Companies are increasingly using electronic networks to increase collaboration among employees, to increase innovation, quality, and efficiency.
Describe total quality management, and list at least three of the four components of it that are used by organizations to implement it.
Total quality management (TQM) is a comprehensive approach, led by top management and supported throughout the organization, dedicated to continuous quality improvement, training, and customer satisfaction. The four components of TQM are as follows: 1. Make continuous improvement a priority. 2. Get every employee involved. 3. Listen to and learn from customers and employees. 4. Use accurate standards to identify and eliminate problems
Scott works for an organization that describes itself as a "learning organization." As a manager, which of the following actions is Scott most likely to take while working for this organization?
When Scott needs another employee, he deliberately looks for someone who will bring something new to the organization.
Planning helps you cope with uncertainty (There are four benefits to planning: (1) planning helps you check on your progress. (2) Planning helps you coordinate activities. (3) Planning helps you think ahead. (4) Planning helps you cope with uncertainty.)
Which of the following is a benefit of planning?
Who is our customer?, (Good mission statements should answer the question, "Who is our customer?" )
Which of the following is a question that should be answered by a company's mission statement? A. Does it inspire enthusiasm and encourage commitment?
Deeper commitment to the decision, (Advantages of group decision making include (1) greater pool of knowledge, (2) different perspectives, (3) intellectual stimulation, (4) better understanding of decision rationale, (5) deeper commitment to the decision)
Which of the following is an advantage of group decision making?
Why is the contingency viewpoint important?
Why is the contingency viewpoint important? The contingency viewpoint is important because it seems to be the most practical of the viewpoints. It addresses problems on a case-by-case basis and varies the solution accordingly.
As part of her overall stock portfolio, Erica bought a few shares of Google. In this context, she would best be described as ______ of Google.
an internal stakeholder
A group of people who work together to achieve some specific purpose is/are called
an organization
learning organization
an organization that actively creates, acquires, and transfers knowledge within itself and is able to modify its behavior to reflect new knowledge
People with a(n) ______ decision-making style are careful decision makers who take longer to make decisions but who also respond well to new or uncertain situations.
analytical
According to Miles and Snow, when a company facing uncertainty responds by saying, "Let's let others take the risks of innovating and we'll imitate what works best," it would be classified as a(n)
analyzer
ethics
are the standards of right and wrong that influence behavior.
customers
are those who pay to use an organization's goods or services.
Which of the following is a GLOBE dimension for which U.S. managers score highly?
assertiveness
Cedric is a well-liked manager who is extremely supportive of his employees, but he hates conflict and sometimes has trouble saying no to them. His decision making style is most likely
behavioral
Which of the following viewpoints emphasized the importance of understanding human actions and of motivating employees toward achievement?
behavorial viewpoint
Ethnocentric managers
believe that their native country, culture, language, and behavior are superior to all others
Adaptive Cycle
businesses are continuously cycling through decisions about three kinds of business problems: entrepreneurial, engineering, and administrative
Since multi-item indexes were created to measure a person's or a family's overall social status wtihin a community, they
cannot reveal associations between individual status dimensions and the consumption of certain products
environmental scanning 168
careful monitoring of an organization's internal and external environments to detect early signs of opportunities and threats that may influence the firm's plans.
economic forces
consist of the general economic conditions and trends—unemployment, inflation, interest rates, economic growth—that may affect an organization's performance.
technical skills
consist of the job-specific knowledge needed to perform well in a specialized field
code of ethics
consists of a formal written set of ethical standards guiding an organization's actions.
external dimensions of diversity
consists of the personal characteristics that people acquire, discard, or modify though out their lives include an element of choice
When members of the lower-upper class find that they are unable to be members of clubs exclusive to the upper-upper class or even be accorded the same level of social respect, they respond by engaging in ______ to demonstrate
conspicuous consumption
Building a commitment to learning and working to generate ideas with impact help you to:
create a learning organization.
A nation's __________ is the shared set of beliefs, values, knowledge, and patterns of behavior common to its people.
culture
In making decisions, ethical concerns need to be considered. Identify and explain how a decision tree would assist the manager in making ethical decisions
decision tree is a graph of decisions and their possible consequences, and is used to help with ethical decision making. The manager would ask several questions: Is the proposed action legal? If yes, does the proposed action maximize shareholder value? If yes, is the proposed action ethical? If no, would it be ethical NOT to take the proposed action?
Mintzberg defined three broad managerial roles: interpersonal, informational, and
decisional
action plan
defines the course of action needed to achieve the stated goal
individual approach
is guided by what will result in the individual's best long-term interests, which ultimately are in everyone's self-interest.
cost-focus strategy 175
is to keep the costs, and hence prices, of a product or a service below those of competitors and to target a narrow market
cost-leadership strategy 174
is to keep the costs, and hence prices, of a product or service below those of competitors and to target a wide market
differentiation strategy 174
is to offer products or services that are of unique and superior value compared with those of competitors but to target a wide market.
The first step in the MBO process is to
joint set objectives
management by objective (MBO)
jointly set objectives, develop action plan, periodically review performance, give performance appraisal and rewards if any
The ______ to ethics is guided by respect for impartial standards of fairness and equity.
justice approach
diagnostics skills
must be able to identify, react, analyze, and solve problems. Hard choices, must make a decision. Those are looked upon with respect.
political skills
must be well aware and use politics to your advantage. Must know whats going on. You can still be ethical and political.
procedure
outlines the response to a particular problem or circumstances
Productivity
output (product, services) over input (labor, raw material)
when a company uses a supplier outside itself to provide goods and services, it is
outsourcing
The constant feedback loop of the ______ is designed to ensure plans stay headed in the right direction.
planning/control cycle
single use plans
plans developed for activities that are not likely to be repeated in the future
standing plans
plans developed for activities that occur repeatedly over a period of time, consist of policies, procedures, and rules.
One type of standing plan, the __________, outlines the general response to a designated problem or situation.
policy
Customers are likely to put up with ______ only if your organization is the only one of its kind.
poor quality products
systems viewpoint
regards the organization as a system of interrelated parts organization is a 1) collection of subsystems 2) part of the larger environment
values
relatively permanent and deeply held underlying beliefs and attitudes that help determine a person's behavior
Brittany must consider whether to change prices at her coffee shop in response to a new competitor on the next block, but she decides to take no action because she believes the new store really won't affect her business. Brittany is practicing
relaxed avoidance.
Fredrick Taylor and the Gilbreths were proponents of which of the following?
scientific management
Behavioral science relies on _____ for developing theories about human behavior that can help managers
scientific research
Entrepreneurial
selecting and making adjustments of products and markets
management
set of activities that includes planning, leading, organizing, and controlling aimed at an organization's financial, physical, human, and information resources with an aim of achieving goals in an efficient and effective manner
system
set of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose
Why is it important for a manager to understand organizational culture? What functions does organizational culture serve?
t is important for a manager to understand organizational culture for two reasons: culture can powerfully shape an organization's long-term success, and culture can serve as a control mechanism, substituting for organizational structure. An organization's culture has four functions: It gives members organizational identity. It facilitates collective commitment. It promotes social-system stability. It shapes behavior by helping employees make sense of their surroundings.
quality
the total ability of a product or service to meet the customer needs most important way of adding value
The principal organization that provides low-interest loans to developing nations for improving, for example, their transportation or education systems is
the world bank
A decision tree is a graph of decisions and
their possible outcomes
an optimistic view of workers that envisions them as capable of accepting responsibility and working in a self-directed manner is representative of
theory Y
Contemporary Perspective
three viewpoints, systems, contingency, and quality-management
cascading objectives: MBO from the top down
top management must be committed, it must be applied organization wide, objectives must cascade
Which of the following is NOT one of the primary areas that must be well understood in order to bridge cross-cultural gaps?
trade barriers
Big Data refers to stores of data so vast that conventional database management systems cannot handle them and so very sophisticated analysis software and supercomputing-level hardware are required.
true
Relaxed change is a form of satisficing used as a response to problem recognition.
true
Which of the following is a cultural dimension measured in the GLOBE project?
uncertainty avoidance
The American social stratum that is composed of families that neither have high-status heritage nor unusual wealth but has independent business people, corporate managers, and successful professionals who are typically college graduates is known as the _____ class
upper-middle
Aristocratic families that form the social elite in the Untied States belong to the _____ class
upper-upper
To be efficient means?
use resources; people, money, raw material and the like-wisely and cost-effectively
Which ethical approach are managers using when among alternatives they prefer the option that results in the best financial performance?
utilitarian approach
underemployment
working at jobs that require less education than they have
Total Quality Management
• Makes continuous improvement a priority • get every employee involved • listen to and learn from customers and employees • use accurate standards to identify and eliminate problems
Mary Parker Follett (social worker and social philosopher)
• Organizations should be operated as "communities" -Conflicts should be resolved by having managers and workers talk over differences and find solutions that would satisfy both parties
What is different vs. domestic management
• currencies • local taste/preferences • channel of distribution • political risk • 24/7 management • cultural barriers
The Global Economy (positive effects)
• more markets for exports • lower prices • specialization • more competition • growth in emerging markets
Multinational organization
• nonprofit organization with operations in several countries
The Global Economy (negative effects)
• outsourcing • pain in local communities • reliance on foreign countries/government • loss of sovereignty
Globalization
• the trend of the world economy toward becoming a more interdependent system
According to productivity expert Odette Pollar, which of the following should a manager delegate? A. Emergencies. B. Tasks that challenge subordinates. C. Special tasks your boss has asked you to do. D. Personnel matters. E. Confidential matters.
B. Tasks that challenge subordinates.
Which of the following is an example of a mutual-benefit organization? A. Federal Bureau of Investigation B. United Steelworkers of America union C. University of California at Berkeley D. U.S. Postal Service E. Public Broadcasting System
B. United Steelworkers of America union
Southwest Airlines employees all know about when CEO Herb Kelleher visited one of the airline's hangars in the middle of the night in a dress with a purple boa—just to liven things up. In fact, this is part of Southwest's history. This is an example of using a ________ to impart organizational culture. A. myth B. story C. ritual D. rite E. value
B. story
Which of the following is not a description of organizational culture? A. A system of shared beliefs and values. B. "Social glue" binding members together. C. A system of reporting relationships. D. An organization's personality. E. A system that guides the behavior of organizational members.
C. A system of reporting relationships.
Which of the following statements is good advice for those transitioning upward in an organization? A. Don't try to manage upward or sideways. B. Invent your own kind of management style. C. Maintain good relationships with other departments. D. Enjoy the solitude of upper management positions. E. Focus on the rights and privileges of your new job.
C. Maintain good relationships with other departments.
Which of the following is not a device through which culture is typically transmitted to employees? A. Symbols B. Stories C. Strategic plan D. Heroes E. Rites and rituals
C. Strategic plan
Digital Globe is a technology company that provides advanced, high-resolution satellite pictures of the earth, digitalized for electronic use. As the military, governments, and others demand clear pictures, Digital Globe provides them immediately with its innovative and responsive products. Digital Globe is most likely an example of a(n) ______ culture. A. inventive B. clan C. adhocracy D. market E. hierarchy
C. adhocracy
A system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people is known as a(n) A. operation. B. culture. C. organization. D. structure. E. adhocracy.
C. organization.
Which of the following is a good reason to avoid delegating tasks? A. A wish to keep subordinates from taking risks. B. To avoid making subordinates deal with a difficult client. C. A desire to keep an enjoyable part of the job. D. A fear that sensitive personnel matters will not be kept private. E. A concern that subordinates could do a better job.
D. A fear that sensitive personnel matters will not be kept private.
The competing values framework classifies organizational cultures into which of the following? A. Stable, flexible, and laddered cultures. B. Observable, flexible, competitive, and driven cultures. C. Symbolic, heroic, and basic cultures. D. Clan, adhocracy, market, and hierarchy cultures. E. Observable, espoused, and core cultures.
D. Clan, adhocracy, market, and hierarchy cultures.
Goodwill Industries, a charity that provides training and employment services to the disabled, is which type of organization? A. Clan B. For-profit C. Mutual-benefit D. Nonprofit E. Market
D. Nonprofit
The activities and ceremonies, planned and unplanned, that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments in the organization's life are known as A. myths. B. stories. C. conventions. D. rites and rituals. E. values.
D. rites and rituals.
Another term for the chain of command within an organization, as represented on an organizational chart, is A. reporting linkage. B. span of control. C. horizontal specialization. D. vertical hierarchy. E. network structure.
D. vertical hierarchy.
Corporate culture is as also known as organizational structure
FALSE
Sometimes an organizational structure can be strong enough to take the place of organizational culture
FALSE
The Red Cross is an example of a mutual-benefit organization
FALSE
The division of labor means that an employee should report to no more than one manager
FALSE
A formal vertical hierarchy shows a company's most typical channels of communication
TRUE
When the National Football League annually presents the winners of the Super Bowl with rings in a ceremony, it is an example of a ritual
TRUE
Hiromi started a new job with a growing consulting firm and was surprised to find that most employees had no job titles. A coworker explained that the founders wanted to create a level playing field, allowing motivated employees to seek leadership roles on a project-by-project basis. No job titles, here, is an example of A. stabilizing structure. B. measuring activities. C. increasing accountability. D. embedding culture. E. reinforcing hierarchy.
D. embedding culture.
A Ritz-Carlton beach attendant who surprised a couple with flowers, candles, and champagne for the man's proposal was able to transmit the culture of the luxury hotel to other employees, so he would be considered a A. champion. B. key employee. C. potential manager. D. hero. E. superior.
D. hero.
Kia Motors takes a very aggressive stance to fire executives who don't meet sales goals, which makes the company an example of a(n) ______ culture. A. clan B. target-driven C. adhocracy D. market E. hierarchy
D. market
When managers must be closely involved with their subordinates, they should have a ______ span of control. A. flexible B. wide C. flat D. narrow E. lean
D. narrow
Which of the following can be classified as a mutual-benefit organization? A. Trade association B. Hospital C. Financial company D. Retail company E. College
A. Trade association
Which of the following is not one of the mechanisms used to embed culture into an organization? A. Slogans or sayings. B. Accounting practices. C. Leader reactions to crisis. D. Titles or bonuses. E. Organizational structure.
B. Accounting practices.
Which of the following is an example of an observable artifact of organizational culture? A. Mission statements B. Awards ceremonies C. Basic assumptions D. Codes of ethics E. Core beliefs
B. Awards ceremonies
The arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people is called an organization's A. coordinated effort. B. division of labor. C. span of control. D. chain of command. E. matrix structure.
B. division of labor.
Elizabeth works with the gaming production team at her job, so the leader of that group often assigns her work, but she also has a boss in the marketing department. Which of the following is most likely true? A. There is likely to be a lack of common purpose among her managers. B. Her workplace has too much division of labor. C. Her work arrangement violates the unity of command principle. D. Because of her cross-functional team, her work can be done without coordinated effort. E. Her production team leader has too wide a span of control.
C. Her work arrangement violates the unity of command principle.
For IKEA, whose vision is "to create a better life for the many," the inexpensive LACK side table would be considered a symbol
TRUE
Ford Motor Co. has what is known as a divisional structure because it has different divisions for passenger car dealers, large trucking customers, and farm products customers
TRUE
Hierarchy of authority is also referred to as the chain of command
TRUE
In an organization, culture exists on both visible and unobservable levels
TRUE
Integration is the tendency of the parts of an organization to draw together to achieve a common purpose
TRUE
Research shows that organizations with market cultures report higher profits and financial growth
TRUE
Staff personnel have authority functions in that they provide advice, recommendations, and research to line managers
TRUE
The founder of McDonald's, Ray Kroc, intended that a Big Mac should taste the same anywhere, and accordingly, the company has many specific procedures, making it a mechanistic organization
TRUE
When employees are forced to adhere to an organization's values through extensive procedures and bureaucracies, its culture is said to be weak
TRUE
The type of training provided to new hires and the frequency of performance evaluations contribute to their understanding of the organization's culture
TRUE
As you are promoted to higher levels in an organization, you may have to actively resist isolation.
TRUE
Bombardier builds eight-passenger business jets from 12 separately sourced portions which can be put together in four days. This firm has a modular organizational structure
TRUE
By definition, an organization can be composed of as few as two people
TRUE
Confidential matters and issues involving discipline cannot be effectively delegated
TRUE
Which type of culture has an internal focus and values stability and control over flexibility? A. Clan B. Adhocracy C. Market D. Classical E. Hierarchy
E. Hierarchy
Among the functions of organizational ________ are that it gives members an organizational identity and it promotes social-system stability. A. design B. structure C. life cycle D. charting E. culture
E. culture
An organization is said to be flat when there are only a few levels with wide spans of control.
FALSE
An organization with different groupings of people based on its products, customers, or geographic regions has a functional structure
FALSE
Director of accounting is an example of a staff position
FALSE
Espoused values represent the values and norms actually exhibited in the organization
FALSE
If a marketing person reports to both the vice president of marketing and also to the project manager for the Ford Mustang, she works in a network organization.
FALSE
If your boss asked you to take care of a task, productivity expert Odette Pollar says it is still OK to delegate it
FALSE
Lawrence and Lorsch's term for the tendency of an organization's parts to disperse and fragment is dissolution
FALSE
Only for-profit organizations can be meaningfully represented by an organization chart
FALSE
Organizational culture appears as three layers: observable artifacts, token values, and foundational beliefs
FALSE
Sharing stories, legends, or myths are good ways to develop an organizational structure
FALSE
The "social glue" that binds customers to a particular firm is called organizational culture
FALSE
The hierarchy of authority, or who reports to whom, is shown with horizontal lines on an organization chart.
FALSE
The pink Cadillac that Mary Kay presents to the best salespeople of its cosmetic line is an example of an emblem
FALSE
Danilo opened a new restaurant in Phoenix called El Barrancón. He wanted to be sure a culture of service and excellence was embedded in his new organization so he posted the values of the organization in the kitchen and in the dining room. Danilo is teaching his organization the culture through this action
TRUE
A functionally organized company can also use cross-functional teams to work on particular problems
TRUE
A good organizational culture can facilitate a low turnover rate
TRUE
A hero is a person whose accomplishments embody the values of the organization.
TRUE
A hollow structure is often called a network structure
TRUE
An adhocracy culture attempts to create innovative products by being adaptive, creative, and quick to respond to the environment
TRUE
An advantage in using centralized authority is that there is less duplication of work, because fewer employees perform the same task
TRUE
An investigation of companies with different organizational cultures showed that long-term financial performance was highest for those with an adaptive culture
TRUE
An organization chart typically takes on a family-treelike pattern, with many boxes and lines showing official positions and reporting relationships
TRUE
An organization is said to be flat when there are only a few levels with wide spans of control.
TRUE
An organization's basic assumptions are difficult to change
TRUE
