MGMT CH. 16, ch 16, test 3

अब Quizwiz के साथ अपने होमवर्क और परीक्षाओं को एस करें!

gender differences in leadership behaviors

- develops others -drives for results -inspires and motivates others -innovates - builds relationships -technical or professional expertise

transactional

-clarify tasks -initiate structure -provide awards -improve productivity -hard working -tolerant and fair minded -focus on management

employee-centered leaders (most effective)

-establish high performance goals - display supportive behavior

transformational

-innovative -recognize follower needs -inspire followers -create a better future -promote significant change

job-centered leaders (not effective)

-less concerned with goal achievement/ human needs - focus on meeting schedules, cost-management, and efficiency

consideration

-people oriented - mindful of subordinates - respects ideas and feelings - establishes mutual trust

components of authentic leadership

-pursues with passion -practices solid values -leads with the heart as well as the head -connects with others -demonstrates self-discipline

initiating structure

-task behavior -task oriented -direct work activities toward goals

. While job ____ can lead to greater task efficiencies, it has failed as a motivational technique. a. rotation b. enlargement c. simplification d. characteristics e. enrichment

. _____ is an important part of the job characteristics model. a. Critical psychological states b. A hierarchy of needs c. Schedules of reinforcement d. All of these e. None of these

Jeff and Rob have a difficult time getting along at work. Most days, Jeff spends a lot of time cracking jokes and goofing off, while Rob constantly nags him and tells him to act like a grownup. On days when Jeff is more reserved, Rob does not nag him, hoping that this will result in improved behavior down the road. This is an example of which form of behavior modification?

Avoidance learning

Which of these is sometimes called negative reinforcement?

Avoidance learning

Which of the following refers to special training to help people identify their own cultural boundaries prejudices, and stereotypes and to develop the skills for managing and working in a diverse workplace? a. Globalization training b. Human resource training c. Cultural training d. Diversity training e. Empathy training

Diversity training

Which of the following is the most common diversity initiative according to fortune 1000 respondents a. Community outreach b. Mentor relationships c. Accommodating special needs d. Training and education e. Diversity-focused recruiting

Diversity-focused recruting

The _____ involves whether putting effort into a task will lead to high performance.

E -> P expectancy

When managers who express positive emotions such as happiness, enthusiasm, and appreciation trigger these same positive emotions in employees, _____is happening.

Emotion contagion

The Michigan researchers use the term_for leaders who established high performance goals and displayed a supportive behavior toward subordinates

Employee centered leaders

Empowering employees means giving employees _____. a. information b. knowledge c. power d. rewards e. all of these

_____ is power sharing, or the delegation of power or authority to subordinates in an organization.

Empowerment

_____ is a situation in which employees enjoy their work, contribute enthusiastically to meeting goals, and feel a sense of belonging and commitment to the organization.

Engagement

_____ theory deals with employee's perception of fairness.

Equity

Which of the following is an example of a process theory of motivation?

Equity theory

_____conflict occurs when an individual perceives incompatible demands from others.

Role

Which of the following is the uncertainty about what behaviors are expected of a person in a particular role?

Role Ambiguity

When leaders influence others through the exchange of benefits or favors, which influence tactic is being used?

Rule of reciprocity

When leaders influence others through the exchange of benefits or favors, which influence tactic is being used? a. Reward behaviors b. Rule of reciprocity c. Use rational persuasion d. Make people like you e. Develop allies

Rule of reciprocity

The majority of hourly workers at Formatting Unlimited are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied. What would Herzberg recommend if your goal were to increase their level of satisfaction?

Increase the level of motivators

When leaders influence others through the exchange of benefits or favors, which influence tactic is being used? a. Rule of reciprocity b. Reward behaviors c. Make people like you d. Develop allies e. Use rational persuasion

Rule of reciprocity

Karen is a first line supervisor at Wolfs, Inc. She wishes to increase her employee's opportunities for growth and learning. Which of the following techniques should she use? a. Job enlargement b. Job enrichment c. Job rotation d. Positive reinforcement e. Continuous

Jerome, a manager at Welford Nonprofit Group, is known for his selflessness and willingness to give to others. He likes working in the nonprofit sector because he wants to apply his skills and abilities to serve others who are less fortunate. Based on this information, which type of leader best describes Jerome?

Servant leader

Which is the highest level of sexual harassment a. Generalized b. Inappropriate/offensive c. Sexual crimes d. Solicitation with promise of reward e. Coercion with threat of punishment

Sexual crimes

Which of the following combines a series of tasks into one new, broader job? a. Job simplification b. Job enlargement c. Job rotation d. Job characteristics e. Job lay-off

Which of the following is consistent with initiating structure? a. Task oriented behavior b. Country-club management style c. People oriented behavior d. Teamwork oriented e. Open communication

Task oriented behavior

All of the following are things bad bosses do to create stress for their subordinates EXCEPT:

Tell people exactly what is expected of them.

According to the situational theory of Hersey and Blanchard, which of the following leader styles matches up best with low readiness subordinates?

Telling style

According to the situational theory of Hersey and Blanchard, which of the following leader styles matches up best with low readiness subordinates? a. Delegating style b. Selling style c. Telling style d. Participating style e. None of these

Telling style

Sandra views herself as a tough but fair supervisor. She gives explicit directions to her subordinates about how tasks should be accomplished, but is not always approachable when they come to her with questions. Her employees sometimes feel that she is too gruff and impersonal. Which category on the situational leadership grid does Sandra fit into?

Telling style

Explain the Big Five personality factors. Are these applicable in an international context?

The Big Five personality factors describe an individual's extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience. Research has been limited to subjects in the United States, so it is difficult to apply in an international context.

The core dimension of Hackman and Oldham's model of job characteristics that is based on the number of diverse activities that make up a job is known as: a. autonomy. b. job enlargement. c. skill variety. d. task identity. e. feedback.

Which of the following is the administration of a pleasant and rewarding consequence following a desired behavior? a. Avoidance learning b. Punishment c. Positive reinforcement d. Extinction e. Suspension

Which of the following is the application of motivational theories to the structure of work for improving productivity and satisfaction? a. Job design b. Job enlargement c. Job simplification d. Job characteristics e. Job enrichment

The degree to which the job is perceived as important and having impact on the company or customers is referred to as: a. task complexity. b. task identity. c. task significance. d. task structure. e. task simplification.

The delegation of power and authority to subordinates is referred to as: a. need for power. b. need for achievement. c. empowerment. d. passing the buck. e. need of affiliation.

What are the four components of emotional intelligence? Explain.

The four components of emotional intelligence are: self-awareness, self-management, social awareness and relationship awareness.

Which of the following is an invisible barrier that separates woman and minorities from top management positions? a. The barrier to entry b. Affirmative action c. Equal opportunity d. The glass ceiling e. The glass wall

The glass ceiling

Woman make up less than 16% of all fortunate 500 executives. This could be due to a. barriers to entry. b. affirmative action. c. equal opportunity. d. the glass wall. e. the glass ceiling.

The glass ceiling

Josh evaluates Kandi's performance and gives her an "outstanding" based on his knowledge that she came to work everyday earlier than anyone else and therefore she is extremely hardworking. Josh is making which of these errors in perceptual judgment?

The halo effect

The job characteristic of feedback provides the worker with: a. employee growth-need strength. b. experienced meaningfulness of work. c. experienced responsibility. d. knowledge of actual results. e. demotivation.

_____ influences the critical psychological state of experienced meaningfulness of work. a. Skill variety b. Task significance c. Task identity d. All of these e. Task significance and task identity only

_____ is a situation in which employees enjoy their work, contribute enthusiastically to meeting goals, and feel a sense of belonging and commitment to the organization. a. Commitment b. Engagement c. Employee loyalty d. Employee assurance e. Employee guarantee

_____ is an individual's belief about his or her abilities to successfully accomplish a specific task or outcome. a. Self-control b. Self-efficacy c. Self-reinforcement d. Autonomy e. Delegation

_____ is power sharing, or the delegation of power or authority to subordinates in an organization. a. Engagement b. Synergy c. Motivation d. Empowerment e. Leadership

_____ is the extent to which doing the job provides information back to the employee about his or her performance. a. Feedback b. Assessment c. Evaluation d. Satisfaction e. Fulfillment

Shortly after she got landed a corporate level job at InfoBasis, Tonya Kennal formed a women's leadership group to help women advance within the company. Membership within the gout was voluntary and open to women with a desire to advance in the company. Tonya's group can best be described a. Focus group b. Network group c. Self-help group d. Diversity team e. Multicultural team

Network Group

A(n) _______ counteracts a leadership style and prevents the leader from displaying certain behaviors.

Neutralizer

_____ occurs when an individual sees others perform certain behaviors and get rewarded for them. a. Vicarious learning b. Self-efficacy c. Self-reinforcement d. Delegation e. Experiential learning

Ahmad is a new manager at AJ Homes Company. He has absolutely no experience as a manager nor does he know the technology of his department well. These two factors prevent Ahmad from directing his workforce. This is an example of ______ impacting leadership styles and behaviors.

Neutralizers

Which of the following types of power stems from a leader special knowledge

None of these

Which of the following types of power stems from a leader's special knowledge?

None of these

Which of the following types of power stems from a leader's special knowledge? a. Reward power b. Referent power c. Legitimate power d. Coercive power e. None of these

None of these

Which of the following types of power stems from a leader's special knowledge? a) Reward power b) Referent power c) Legitimate power d) Coercive power c) None of these

None of these

Which of the following types of power results from a person's special knowledge or skill regarding the tasks being performed?

None of these ___> - Reward - Referent - Legitimate - Coercive

the average US worker, today is _____ than ever. a. more likely to be married b. younger c. older d. more likely to be male e. uneducated

Older

On the continuum of empowerment, employees who are self-managed: a. give input. b. participate in decisions. c. are responsible for decision process and strategy. d. have no decision discretion. e. make decisions.

On the continuum of empowerment, what is the highest level of empowerment that requires the most complex skills? a. Self-management b. Suggestion programs c. Participation groups d. Cross-functional teams e. Periodic briefings

_____ systematically moves employees from one job to another, thereby increasing the number of different tasks an employee performs without increasing the complexity of any one job. a. Job simplification b. Job rotation c. Job enlargement d. Job enrichment e. None of these

One of your fellow students is continually late to class. The professor has tried numerous verbal warnings and recently took points away from the student's grade. Based on the above, the professor's actions are consistent with which of the following reinforcement techniques? a. Negative reinforcement b. Punishment c. Positive reinforcement d. Avoidance learning e. Rewards enhancement

Hopetech Industries has a corporate diversity plan that limits diversity to areas that do not change throughout a person's lifetime, such as race, gender, age and disability. Hopetech's diversity plan follows which model of corporate diversity? a. Inclusive model b. Exclusive model c. Traditional model d. Learning model e. Static model

Traditional model

The distinguishing personal characteristic of a leader are known as

Traits

_______ are the distinguishing personal characteristics of a leader, such as intelligence, honesty, self-confidence, and even appearance.

Traits

Which type of leader clarifies the role and task requirements of subordinates

Transactional

Which type of leader clarifies the role and task requirements of subordinates?

Transactional

Which type of leader clarifies the role and task requirements of subordinates? a. Charismatic b. Transactional c. Supportive d. Transformational e. Team

Transactional

________ clarify the role and task requirements of subordinates, initiate structure, provide appropriate rewards, and try to be considerate and meet the social needs of subordinates.

Transactional leaders

Andy's subordinate say they love working for Andy because he inspires them to not only believe in the organization but to believe in their own potential as well and he can best be described as what type of leader

Transformational

Andy's subordinates say that they love working for Andy because he inspires them to not only believe him and the organization but believe in their own potential to create a better future for the organization as well. Based on this example, Andy can best be described as a(n) _____ leader.

Transformational

Andy's subordinates say that they love working for Andy because he inspires them to not only believe in the organization but to believe in their own potential as well. Based on this example, Andy can best be described as what type of leader?

Transformational

The_leader is distinguished by his or her ability to bring about organizational change

Transformational

A(n) _______ is distinguished by a special ability to bring about innovation and change by recognizing followers' needs and concerns, providing meaning, challenging people to look at old problems in new ways, and acting as role models for the new values and behaviors.

Transformational leader

A halo blinds the perceiver to other attributes that should be used in generating a more complete assessment.

True

An emotion can be thought of as a mental state that arises spontaneously within a person based on interaction with the environment rather than through conscious effort and is often accompanied by physiological changes or sensations.

True

As a general rule, changing one component of an attitude can contribute to an overall change in attitude.

True

From attributions viewpoint, if the behavior is in consensus, the perceiver will probably respond to similar situations in the same way.

True

Loyalty to and heavy involvement in one's organization refers to organizational commitment.

True

Organizational behavior is an interdisciplinary field dedicated to the study of how individuals and groups tend to act in organizations.

True

Organizations don't want to lose talented, highly skilled workers, so they try to create an atmosphere of job satisfaction.

True

Organizing the selected data into patterns for interpretation and response is the last step in the perception process.

True

Self-serving bias is when people give themselves too much credit for what they do well and give external forces too much blame when they fail.

True

Carla's subordinates view her as a great manager. Not only does she get the job done, but she organizes the workplace in such a way that employees experience a sense of meaningfulness, connection, and growth. This is an example of employee: a. pay-for-performance. b. delegation. c. empathy. d. apathy. e. engagement.

Which of the following is NOT a common method for reducing a perceived inequity?

Change equity

Samuel, a sales associate at an electronics store, learns that his base pay is higher than any other sales associate in the store. He justifies his higher salary to the idea that he must be a top sales associate, generating more revenue than anyone else. This example demonstrates which method for reducing perceived inequity?

Changing perceptions

Yolanda recently learned that Sue, who works in the same position as she and has been with the company for the same amount of time, earns about ten percent more than she does. As a result, Yolanda feels that she should not work as hard, so she starts coming in late and taking more days off. This is an example of which method for reducing perceived equity?

Changing work effort

"A fire that ignites followers" is used to describe which leadership characteristic?

Charisma

"A fire that ignites followers' energy and commitment, producing results above and beyond the call of duty" is used to describe which leadership characteristic?

Charisma

A ______ leader is a leader who has the ability to inspire and motivate people to transcend their expected performance, even to the point of personal sacrifice.

Charismatic

Marion is a great manager. He has the ability to get his subordinates to do more than they would normally do, and has a strong vision for the future and motivates his subordinates to help realize it. Which of the following type of leader best describes Marion?

Charismatic

Which of the following types of leader is one who has the ability to motivate subordinates to transcend their expected performance?

Charismatic

Charismatic leader

Marion is a great manager and he has a number of special skills. In particular, Marion has the ability to get his subordinates to do more than would be normally expected. Which of the following terms best describes Marion? a. Charismatic leader b. Supportive leader c. Transactional leader d. Production-oriented leader e. People-oriented leader

Charismatic leader

The ______ has the ability to inspire and motivate people to do more than they would normally do, despite obstacles and personal sacrifice.

Charismatic leader

Matthew is Mandy's supervisor. He promises to fire her is she does not engage in sexual activity with him. This type of sexual harassment would deb categorized as a. coercion with threat of punishment. b. solicitation with promise of reward. c. appropriate. d. generalized. e. positional authority.

Coercion with threat of punishment

Mikayla, a middle manager at Heather's Handbags, uses threats and punishments as ways of influencing the behavior of her subordinates. Which of the following types of power is Mikayla relying on?

Coercive

Which of the following types of power is vested in the manager's ability to punish employees?

Coercive

Which of the following types of power is vested in the manager's ability to punish employees? a. Coercive b. Referent c. Expert d. Reward e. Personal

Coercive

Which of the following types of power is vested in the manager's ability to punish employees? a. Coercive b. Referent c. Personal d. Reward e. Expert

Coercive

Beth, a middle manager at Heather's Handbags, uses threats and punishments as ways of influencing the behavior of his subordinates. Which of the following sources of power is Beth relying on?

Coercive power

Teresa is highly imaginative and an artistically sensitive individual who displays a high degree of creativity. According to the Big Five personality factors, these qualities describe her openness to experience.

True

The degree to which a person is outgoing, sociable, assertive, and comfortable with interpersonal relationships is called extroversion.

True

The link between satisfaction and performance, according to research, is generally small and is affected by other factors.

True

Seeking positions of power and responsibility, Chandra has rapidly moved up the ranks within her organization. Colleagues describe her as someone with a tremendous amount of energy, and a powerful force for leadership within the organization. Based on this description, Chandra has what type of personality?

Type A

______ is a behavior pattern characterized by extreme competitiveness, impatience, aggressiveness, and devotion to work.

Type A behavior

______ is a behavior pattern characterized by extreme competitiveness, impatience, aggressiveness, and devotion to work

Type A behavior

Beth, a middle manager at Heather's Handbags, uses threats and punishments as ways of influencing the behavior of his subordinates. Which of the following sources of power is Beth relying on? a. Referent power b. Expert power c. Coercive power d. Reward power e. Personal power

Coercive power

Which of the following types of power is vested in the managers ability to punish employees

Coercive power

_______ stems from the authority to punish or recommend punishment.

Coercive power

Which of the following is NOT a need proposed by Maslow in his hierarchy of needs theory?

Compensation needs

The results of studies asking people to rank the desired characteristics of leaders and followers showed which of the following qualities in the top 5 for both leaders and followers?

Competent

Which of the following is a follower who participate actively in the organization but does not use critical thinking skills

Conformist

Which of the following is a follower who participates actively in a relationship with the boss but doesn't use critical thinking skills?

Conformist

Which of the following is a follower who participates actively in the organization but does not use critical thinking skills?

Conformist

Which of the following is a follower who participates actively in the organization but does not use critical thinking skills? a. Conformist b. Effective follower c. Passive follower d. Pragmatic survivor e. Alienated follower

Conformist

Which types of followers are dependent, uncritical thinkers?

Conformists and passive followers

Which of the following refers to the degree to which a person is focused on a few goals, thus behaving in ways that are responsible, dependable, persistent, and achievement oriented?

Conscientiousness

______ is the extent to which the leader is mindful of subordinates, respects their ideas and feelings, and establishes mutual trust.

Consideration

Which of the following theories emphasize the needs that motivate people?

Content

A(n) ________ is a model of leadership that describes the relationship between leadership styles and specific situations.

Contingency approach

Which of the following is a model of leadership that describes the relationship between leadership styles and specific organizational situations?

Contingency approach

Which of these, according to the leadership grid, is a 1,9 management style? a. Team Management b. Country Club Management c. Middle of the Road Management d. Authority-Compliance e. Impoverished Management

Country Club Management

_____ is an important part of the job characteristics model.

Critical psychological states

The ability to interact effectively with people of different cultures refers to: a. Ethnocentrism b. Ethnorelativism c. Pluralism d. Stereotyping e. Cultural competence

Cultural competence

One of Ruby's few flaws is that she does not consider possibilities beyond what she is told, accepting her supervisor's ideas without thinking. She can best be described as what type of thinker?

Uncritical

_______ means failing to consider the possibilities beyond what one is told and accepting others' ideas without thinking.

Uncritical thinking

TickTock Clock Corporation is attempting to develop a truly diverse workplace. TickTock's president assigned the human resources department the task or determining the demographics of the local area labor market. This is an attempt to change existing ____ within the organization a. cultures b. structures and policies c. developments d. bureaucracies e. training

Cultures

Which of the following is the most frequently used and a highly effective influence strategy?

Using rational persuasion

Which of the following is the most frequently used and a highly effective influence strategy? a. Making people like you b. Developing allies c. Rewarding desired behaviors d. Using rational persuasion e. Relying on the rule of reciprocity

Using rational persuasion

Which of the following is the most frequently used and a highly effective influence tactic?

Using rational persuasion

Which of the following is the most frequently used in a highly effective influence strategy

Using rational persuasion

Abbi works at Railroad Ties. Her bosses continually indicate that her motivational level is low. Abbi agrees, but is unwilling to work harder until the company changes the types of reward it offers its employees. Which of the following is low for Abbi?

Valence

Which of the following describes the value or attraction an individual has for an outcome?

Valence

_____ occurs when an individual sees others perform certain behaviors and get rewarded for them.

Vicarious learning

_________ occurs when an individual sees others perform certain behaviors and get rewarded for them.

Vicarious learning

All of the following are tactics for promoting stronger organizational commitment EXCEPT: A. naintaining a secretive culture B. being honest and trustworthy in business dealings.. C. giving employees a say in business decisions. D. treating employees fairly. E. offering employees rewards that they value.

An evaluation that predisposes a person to act in a certain way is called a(n) _____. A. attitude B. authoritarianism C. perception D. projection E. personality

One of your fellow team members at work is continually disrupting the team's work with jokes and general horseplay. You hope that by ignoring him he will stop this senseless behavior. You are attempting to use which reinforcement tool? a. Extinction b. Positive reinforcement c. Negative reinforcement d. Avoidance learning e. Desired behavior is reinforced annually

Openness to experience

Riya was a highly successful manager at Optics int'l. After 10 years with the company, she decided to leave and become a full-time mother and caregiver to her ailing father. This example demonstrates which factor affecting women's careers a. Female advantage b. Opt-out trend c. Glass ceiling d. Glass wall e. Opaque ceiling

Opt-out trend

___ implies that women's commitment to their children limits their commitment to the company or their ability to handle the rigors of corporate management a. Balancing family priorities b. Invisible minorities c. Opt-out trend d. Family commitment e. Cost of diversity

Opt-out trend

Which of the following refers to work behavior that goes beyond job requirements and contributes as needed to the organization's success?

Organizational citizenship

_____refers to loyalty to the heavy involvement in the organization.

Organizational commitment

Tim is a manager at Chuck's Construction. He sees little opportunity for advancement at Chuck's Construction, regardless of how well he performs. Which of the following expectancies is low for Tim?

P -> O expectancy

Will's boss is micromanager - constantly overseeing and interfering in Will's work. As a result, Will does not show much initiative and does not contribute many ideas, instead leaving the thinking to his micromanaging boss. Will can best be described as what type of follower?

Passive follower

Candice uses praise, letters of support, and pats on the back as ways of influencing her subordinates' behaviors. All of these actions are highly valued by the work group. This is an example of _____ power.

Reward

_____ power is based in the ability of the leader to do such things as recommend promotions.

Reward

Candace uses praise letters of support and pats on the back of ways of influencing her subordinates behavior this is an example of

Reward power

_______ results from the authority to bestow rewards.

Reward power

Ricky is a manager at InfoServices, where she rewards the top sales employee every month by giving him or her a high-definition TV or PC. This is an example of what employee motivation program? a. Pay for performance b. Lifestyle award c. Employee stock ownership plan d. Flexible work schedule e. Team-based compensation

Jason has been unemployed for three months. When his wife asked him why he was not looking for a job, Jason responded, "If I am lucky, I will get my old job back." Jason would be considered as having a(n): A. external locus of control. B. high conscientiousness. C. sensation and intuition type personality. D. internal locus of control. E. high Mach attitude.

Jay is a trusting and forgiving individual who gets along with others because of being good-natured and cooperative. This describes which of the Big Five personality factors? A. Agreeableness B. Conscientiousness C. Emotional stability D. Openness to experience E. Extroversion

Rachel is described by her colleagues as pragmatic, super-competitive, and more likely to persuade than be persuaded. She fits which personality category most closely? A. High Mach B. Low Mach C. High Feeling D. Low Feeling E. Moderate Thinking

Research shows that the link between _____ and _____ is small and is influenced by other factors. A. satisfaction; performance B. stress; work C. stress; home D. stress; performance E. satisfaction; personality

Which workforce generation category is characterized as ambitious but lacking loyalty to the organization? a. Generation Y b. Generation A c. Teeny boppers d. Generation X e. Baby boomers

a. Generation Y

Which racial or ethnic category currently represents the largest and fastest growing minority group? a. Hispanic b. Asian c. African American d. White e. Native American

a. Hispanic

Which of the following is consistent with initiating structure?

a. People oriented behavior b. Country-club management style c. Open communication d. Teamwork oriented e. Task oriented behavior E.

Which of the following characteristics of leaders have been studied?

a. Personality traits b. Physical traits c. Social traits d. Work-related traits e. all of these E.

Which of the following types of power stems from a leader's special knowledge?

a. Reward power b. Referent power c. Legitimate power d. Coercive power e. NONE

Which of the following is the most frequently used and a highly effective influence tactic?

a. Rewarding desired behaviors b. Developing allies c. Using rational persuasion d. Making people like you e. Relying on the rule of reciprocity C.

Which of these, according to the leadership grid, is a 1,9 management style?

a. Team Management b. Middle of the Road Management c. Country Club Management d. Impoverished Management e. Authority-Compliance C.

_____ serves as invisible barriers to important horizontal movement within the organization. a. The glass wall b. Barriers to entry c. Affirmative action d. The glass ceiling e. Equal opportunity

a. The glass wall

Hopetech Industries has a corporate diversity plan that limits diversity to areas that do not change throughout a person's lifetime, such as race, gender, age, and disability. Hopetech's diversity plan follows which model of corporate diversity? a. Traditional model b. Learning model c. Inclusive model d. Static model e. Exclusive model

a. Traditional model

Matthew is Mandy's supervisor. He promises to fire her if she does not engage in sexual activity with him. This type of sexual harassment would be categorized as: a. coercion with threat of punishment. b. solicitation with promise of reward. c. positional authority. d. generalized. e. appropriate.

a. coercion with threat of punishment

Two leadership styles used by Fiedler in his contingency theory were:

a. concern for people and concern for production. b. relationship-oriented and task-oriented. c. employee-centered and job-centered. d. consideration and initiating structure. e. employee-oriented and relations-oriented. c.

All of the following are interpersonal influence tactics EXCEPT:

a. develop allies. b. ask for what you want. c. help people like you. d. rely on the rule of demand. e. make use of higher authority. D.

The Leadership Grid used the two leader behaviors which were called:

a. employee-centered and job centered. b. consideration and initiating structure. c. employee-oriented and relationship oriented. d. concern for people and concern for production. e. relationship-oriented and task-oriented. D.

According to the leadership grid, _____ means the absence of a management philosophy, where managers exert little effort toward interpersonal relationships or work accomplishment.

a. impoverished management b. solitary management c. low-road management d. middle-of-the-road management e. authority-compliance management A.

Fiedler used all of the following to describe how leaders fit the situation EXCEPT:

a. leader-member relations. b. task structure. c. personal power. d. leader position power. e. all of these were used by Fiedler to describe the situation. C.

Shortly after she landed a corporate-level job at InfoBasis, Tonya Kennel formed a women's leadership group to help women advance within the company. Membership within the group was voluntary and open to women with a desire to advance in the company. Tonya's group can best be described as a(n): a. network group b. diversity team c. self-help group d. focus group e. multicultural team

a. network group

Some of the key characteristics associated with charismatic leaders include:

a. visionary skills. b. communication skills. c. motivation skills. d. all of these. e. none of these. D.

In a family where both parents work, which of the following may be helpful to accommodate the parents needs a. Childcare b. Flexible work schedule c. Home-based employment d. Maternity or paternity leaves e. All of these

all of these

Inclusive dimensions of diversity include a. income. b. nationality. c. pay level. d. work style. e. all of these.

all of these

The major steps involved in building a truly diverse workplace include a. building a corporate culture that values diversity. b. changing structures and policies so that they support diversity. c. diversity training. d. all of these. e. none of these.

all of these

Which of the following characteristics of leaders have been studied?

all of these

Which of the following characteristics of leaders have been studied? a. Personality traits b. Physical traits c. Social traits d. Work-related traits e. all of these

all of these

Some of the key characteristics associated with charismatic leaders include:

all of these.

Some of the key characteristics associated with charismatic leaders include: a. visionary skills. b. communication skills. c. motivation skills. d. all of these. e. none of these.

all of these.

Stress can be caused by:

all of these.

vision

an attractive , ideal future

_____is the process by which individuals screen and select the various objects and stimuli that vie for their attention. A. Person-job fit B. Perceptual selectivity C. Organizational citizenry D. Projection E. Perceptual grouping

_____refers to a positive attitude toward one's job. A. Organizational citizenship B. Job satisfaction C. Cognitive dissonance D. Organizational commitment E. Job involvement

The tendancy to overestimate the contribution of internal factors is part of which perceptual bias?

selective perception

A high degree of _____means you can accurately assess your own strengths and limitations and have a healthy sense of self-confidence.

self awareness

An individual's strong belief that he or she can successfully accomplish a specific task or outcome is referred to as:

self efficiency

According to Maslow, the highest order needs are

self-actualization needs.

According to Maslow, the highest order needs are:

self-actualization needs.

A high degree of _____means you can accurately assess your own strengths and limitations and have a healthy sense of self-confidence.

self-awareness

The general assurance in one's own ideas, judgment, and capabilities is referred to as:

self-confidence

The general assurance in one's own ideas, judgment, and capabilities is referred to as:

self-confidence.

An individual's strong belief that he or she can successfully accomplish a specific task or outcome is referred to as:

self-efficacy

An individual's strong belief that he or she can successfully accomplish a specific task or outcome is referred to as:

self-efficacy.

The tendency to overestimate the contribution of internal factors to one's successes and the contribution of external factors to one's failures is a result of:

self-serving bias

The tendency to overestimate the contribution of internal factors to one's successes and the contribution of external factors to one's failures is a result of:

self-serving bias.

A(n)_____ leader works to fulfill subordinated needs and goals as well as to achieve the organization's larger mission.

servant

A(n)_____ leader works to fulfill subordinated needs and goals as well as to achieve the organization's larger mission. a. transactional b. charismatic c. servant d. interactive e. transformational

servant

personality

set of characteristics underlie a relatively stable pattern of behavior in response to ideas, objects, or people in the envrionment

all of these are inclusive dimensions of diversity EXCEPT a. parents. b. lifestyle. c. income. d. military experience. e. sexual orientation.

sexual orientation

While job ____ can lead to greater task efficiencies, it has failed as a motivational technique.

simplification

The core dimension of Hackman and Oldham's model of job characteristics that is based on the number of diverse activities that make up a job is known as:

skill variety.

Which of the following group is expected to grow the most in employment from 2008 to 2018? a. Asian b. Hispanic c. African American d. White e. European

b. Hispanic

TickTock Clock Corporation is attempting to develop a truly diverse workplace. TickTock's president assigned the human resources department the task of determining the demographics of the local area labor market. This is an attempt to change existing _____ within the organization. a. bureaucracies b. cultures c. structures and policies d. training e. developments

b. cultures

Paying a woman less than a man for the same work is an example of:: a. prejudice b. gender discrimination c. ethnic discrimination d. stereotyping e. sexual harassment

b. gender discrimination

A culture that accepts only one way of doing things and one set of values and beliefs is referred to as a(n) _____. a. dominating culture b. monoculture c. preferred culture d. pluralism e. primary culture

b. monoculture

Most organizations _____ shift from a monoculture perspective to one of pluralism. a. can easily b. must make a conscious effort to c. are against a d. naturally e. can never

b. must make a conscious effort to

authoritarianism

belief that power and status differences should exist w/i organization

inclusive dimensions of diversity a. have a greater impact than do primary dimensions. b. are inborn. c. can change throughout one's lifetime. d. include such factors as gender. e. none of these.

can change throughout ones lifetime

Vision is an important component of both ______ and ______ leadership.

charismatic; transformational

Which of the following types of power is vested in the manager's ability to punish employees?

coercive

All of the following are essential parts of any definition of leadership EXCEPT:

coercive power.

A condition in which two attitudes or a behavior and an attitude conflict is called ______.

cognitive dissonance

perception

cognitive process people use to make sense out of the environment by selecting, organizing, and interpreting info from the environment

Attitudes have 3 components

cognitive, affective, and behavioral

regency

concept suggesting people also pay relatively greater attention to data that occurs at the end

The Leadership Grid used the two leader behaviors which were called:

concern for people and concern for production

The Leadership Grid used the two leader behaviors which were called

concern for people and concern for production.

The Leadership Grid used the two leader behaviors which were called: a. employee-oriented and relationship oriented. b. employee-centered and job centered. c. relationship-oriented and task-oriented. d. consideration and initiating structure. e. concern for people and concern for production.

concern for people and concern for production.

researchers at Ohio State university identified two major behaviors called?

consideration and initiating structure

Researchers at the Ohio State University identified two major behaviors called:

consideration and initiating structure.

Researchers at the Ohio State University identified two major behaviors called: a. consideration and initiating structure. b. commitment and initiation. c. initiating structure and commitment. d. consideration and concern for people. e. commitment and consideration.

consideration and initiating structure.

___ mentoring relationships sometimes leave north parties uncomfortable a. Cross-race b. Female-male c. Male-male d. Female-female e. Same race

cross-race

During the first step of the diversity development process, managers may conduct a _____ to uncover diversity problems in the organization a. reports audit b. financial audit c. cultural audit d. diversity audit e. special needs audit

cultural audit

An employee with a high degree of _____ is more likely to want to stay with their current company. A. work happiness B. cognitive dissonance C. organizational fit D. organizational committment E. cognitive evaluations

Canyon River, Inc. is looking for an individual who has a broad range of interests and is imaginative, creative, artistically sensitive, and willing to consider new ideas. Which of these factors are they emphasizing in their search? A. Agreeableness B. Conscientiousness C. Emotional stability D. Openness to experience E. Extroversion

Individuals who believe that they control their own destiny are described as having a: A. high external locus of control. B. high Mach personality. C. low introversion characteristic. D. high internal locus of control. E. low Mach personality.

Which of the following is a basic aim of diversity awareness training? a. Complying with federal employment law b. Reinforcing stereotypes employees may hold c. Teaching people the differences between women and men d. Helping individuals become aware of their own prejudices e. Helping individuals become aware of management's prejudices

d. Helping individuals become aware of their own prejudices

_____ means creating a climate in which the potential advantages of diversity for organizational or group performance are maximized while the potential disadvantages are minimized. a. Maxi-Min approach b. Managing differentiation c. Maximum benefit approach d. Managing diversity e. Advantageous approach

d. Managing diversity

Riya was a highly successful manager at Optics International. After ten years with the company, she decided to leave and become a fulltime mother and caregiver to her ailing father. This example demonstrates which factor affecting women's careers? a. Female advantage b. Glass wall c. Opaque ceiling d. Opt-out trend e. Glass ceiling

d. Opt-out trend

Smileline Inc. has an onsite daycare facility and provides employees fulltime daycare at a very low cost. The company implemented this years ago when managers realized that childcare responsibilities were contributing to high turnover and absenteeism. This example highlights which dividend of workplace diversity? a. Enhanced breadth of understanding in leadership positions b. Better use of employee talent c. Increased quality of team problem solving d. Reduced costs associated with high turnover, absenteeism, and lawsuits e. Increased understanding of the marketplace

d. Reduced costs associated with high turnover, absenteeism, and lawsuits

Which of the following groups has the largest wage gap between genders? a. Middle Eastern b. Hispanic c. European d. White e. African American

d. White

Research has shown that: a. homogeneous groups are more creative than diverse groups. b. homogeneous groups are less satisfied than diverse groups. c. diverse groups are more creative than homogeneous groups. d. creativity has nothing to do with group composition. e. none of these.

d. creativity has nothing to do with group composition.

All of the following are changes that are reshaping our workforce EXCEPT: a. aging workforce. b. growth in foreign-born population. c. growth in Hispanic and Asian workers. d. younger workforce. e. women outnumbering men

d. younger workforce.

According to MANAGER'S SHOPTALK in Chapter 15, when delegating leaders do all of the following EXCEPT: a. give thorough instructions. b. maintain feedback. c. work alone to accomplish important tasks. d. evaluate and reward performance. e. delegate the whole task.

delegate the whole task.

factors influence rather attribution will be internal or external:

distinctiveness, consistency, consensus

traits

distinguishing personal characteristics of a leader

Research has shown that a. homogeneous groups are more creative than diverse groups. b. homogeneous groups are less satisfied than diverse groups. c. diverse groups are more creative than homogeneous groups. d. creativity has nothing to do with group composition. e. none of these.

diverse groups are more creative that homogeneous groups

___ is defined as all the ways in which people differ a. Multiplicity b. Diversity c. Seniority d. Culture e. Variation

diversity

The six interpersonal influence tactics for leaders include all of the following EXCEPT:

do not worry about people liking you

A recent study from the U.S. Department of Labor shows that the top reason that people leave their jobs is because they:

don't feel appreciated.

A high degree of _____means you can accurately assess your own strengths and limitations and have a healthy sense of self-confidence. A. self-management B. social cohesiveness C. social awareness D. relationship management E. self-awareness

All of the following are things bad bosses do to create stress for their subordinates EXCEPT: A. Bully and harass people to keep them on their toes. B. Create perpetual doubt about how well employees are performing. C. Fail to give people credit for their contributions and achievements. D. Impose unreasonable demands and overwhelming workloads. E. Tell people exactly what is expected of them.

An interdisciplinary field dedicated to the study of how individuals and groups tend to act in organizations is called: A. sociology. B. vocational counseling. C. cultural anthropology. D. psychology. E. organizational behavior.

Bernice is a talkative, assertive, and sociable individual who is very comfortable with interpersonal relationships. Which of the following is applicable to Bernice? A. Machiavellianism B. Conscientiousness C. Agreeableness D. Emotional stability E. Extroversion

People generally experience _____ when their work matches their needs and interests, when working conditions and rewards (such as pay) are satisfactory, and when the employees like their co-workers. A. job involvement B. extroversion C. cognitive dissonance D. Machiavellianism E. job satisfaction

People with an external locus of control are: A. more achievement oriented. B. better able to handle complex information and problem solving. C. more independent. D. easier to motivate. E. easier to lead.

Stress can be caused by: A. task demands. B. role demands. C. interpersonal demands. D. physical demands. E. all of these.

When managers who express positive emotions such as happiness, enthusiasm, and appreciation trigger these same positive emotions in employees, _____is happening. A. Perceptual selectivity B. Cognitive dissonance C. Contagious feeling D. Self-efficacy E. Emotion contagion

Which of the following is a way for managers to promote organizational committment? A. Making work difficult B. Punishing poor performance C. Creating more rules D. Giving more rewards E. Being honest

Josephine would like to become part of an elite manager network at her company so she can get access to general and line management experience to help her succeed within the company. However, she learns that the manager network is made up exclusively of men. This demonstrates which factor affecting women's careers? a. Opt-out trend b. Glass wall c. Opaque ceiling d. Glass ceiling e. Female advantage

d. Glass ceiling

Stephanie is nervous about giving a presentation at the marketing firm where she works. One of her male coworkers told her, "Don't be such girl, attack that presentation!" Now Stephanie is so concerned about appearing tough that she can barely concentrate on the content of the presentation. Stephanie's anxiety stems from: a. Stereotype b. Ethnocentrism c. Plurality d. Glass ceiling threat e. The female advantage

stereotype

external locus of control

external locus of control.

A(n)_____ refers to a reward given by another person.

extrinsic reward

Katie dislikes almost everything about her job. The only reason she continues to work at Mace Autobody is the excellent benefits package she receives. Katie is motivated by

extrinsic rewards

Katie dislikes almost everything about her job. The only reason she continues to work at Mace Autobody is the excellent benefits package she receives. Katie is motivated by:

extrinsic rewards.

The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors on another's behavior and to overestimate the influence of internal factors is called the ______.

fundamental attribution error

The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors on another's behavior and to overestimate the influence of internal factors is called the ______.

fundamental attribution error

Paying a woman less than a man for the same work is an example of a. Gender discrimination b. Ethnic discrimination c. Stereotyping d. Sexual harassment e. Prejudice

gender discrimination

self-confidence

general assurance in one's own ideas, judgement, and capabilities

In goal-setting theory, _____ refers to the idea that employees have to "buy into" the goals.

goal acceptance

In goal-setting theory, _____ refers to the degree to which goals are concrete and unambiguous.

goal specificity

The early research on leadership traits was referred to as the:

great man approach.

The ______ occurs when the perceiver develops an overall impression of a person or situation based on one attribute, either favorable or unfavorable.

halo effect

The ______ occurs when the perceiver develops an overall impression of a person or situation based on one attribute, either favorable or unfavorable.

halo effect

Research shows that _____are predisposed to being pragmatic, capable of lying to achieve personal goals, more likely to win in win-lose situations, and more likely to persuade than be persuaded.

high Machs

Megan is a manager at Botell International. She is very friendly and extremely respectful of her subordinate's welfare. She can be described as:

high in consideration.

Individuals who believe that they control their own destiny are described as having a:

high internal locus of control.

Rachel is described by her colleagues as pragmatic, super-competitive, and more likely to persuade than be persuaded. She fits which personality category most closely?

high mach

Research shows that _____are predisposed to being pragmatic, capable of lying to achieve personal goals, more likely to win in win-lose situations, and more likely to persuade than be persuaded.

high machs

Which of the following group is expected to grow the most in employment from 2008 to 2018? a. Hispanic b. Asian c. African American d. European e. White

hispanic

____ means being unpretentious and modest rather than arrogant and prideful

humility

____ is a rigid, exaggerated irrational belief associated with a popular group of people a. Label b. Prejudice c. Typecast d. Discrimination e. Stereotype

stereotype

The tendency to place the primary responsibility for one's success or failure either within oneself (internally) or on outside forces (externally) is called the ______.

locus of control

The tendency to place the primary responsibility for one's success or failure either within oneself (internally) or on outside forces (externally) is called the ______.

locus of control

Which of the following refers to the tendency to place the primary responsibility for one's success or failure either within oneself or on outside forces?

locus of control

organizational commitment

loyalty to and engagement w/ one's work organization

Which of the following is defined as the tendency to direct much of one's behavior toward the acquisition of power and the manipulation of others for personal gain?

machiavellianism

All of the following are tactics for promoting stronger organizational commitment EXCEPT:

maintaining a secretive culture

___ are natural talents and abilities that have been supported and reinforced with learned knowledge and skills and provide each individual with his or her best tools for accomplishment and satisfaction.

strengths

_____ are natural talents and abilities that have been supported and reinforced with learned knowledge and skills and provide each individual with his or her best tools for accomplishment and satisfaction.

strengths

physiological and emotional response to stimuli that place physical or psychological demands on an individual is called ______.

stress

All of the following are leadership qualities EXCEPT:

structured.

Organizational behavior involves

study of human attitudes, personality, emotions, and other individual characteristics and how they influence behavior and performance

A(n) _______ makes the leadership style unnecessary or redundant.

substitute for leadership

______ are stressors arising from the tasks required of a person holding a particular job.

task demands

The degree to which the job is perceived as important and having impact on the company or customers is referred to as:

task significance.

locus of control

tells whether people places primary responsibility for his successes and failures within himself or outside forces

Charismatic leaders are often _____ than transactional leaders.

tend to believe more in themselves

perceptual defense

tendency of people to protect themselves by disregarding ideas, objects, or people that are threatening to them

stereotyping

tendency to assign a person to a group or broad category then attribute generalizations about the group to the person

machiavellianism

tendency to direct one's behavior toward acquisition of power and manipulation of other people for personal gain

self-serving bias

tendency to overestimate contribution of internal factors to one's success and contribution of external factors to one's failures

projection

tendency to see one's own personal traits in other people

fundamental attribution error

tendency to underestimate influence of external factors on another person's behavior and overestimate influence of internal factors

Trouser's inc management is exclusively made up of older white males. Trouser's promotes from within and top management is most comfortable with individuals who are similar to them. Woman and minorities at this company who wish to be promoted are likely to experience a. cultural diversity. b. the glass ceiling effect. c. rapid promotion and advancement. d. ethnorelativism. e. all of these.

the glass ceiling effect

____ serves as invisible barriers to important lateral movement within the organization a. Barriers to entry b. Affirmative action c. Equal opportunity d. The glass wall e. The glass ceiling

the glass wall

All of the following are true about employee network groups EXCEPT: a. the groups are based on social identity b. the groups pursue a variety of activities c. the groups are formally created by the organization d. the mechanism of the groups work well with multicultural teams e. the groups help retain minority employees

the groups are formally created by the organization

An overall impression of a person or situation based on one attribute, either favorable or unfavorable, is an example of:

the halo effect

Josh evaluates Kandi's performance and gives her an "outstanding" based on his knowledge that she came to work every day earlier than anyone else and therefore she is extremely hardworking. Josh is making which of these errors in perceptual judgment?

the halo effect

An overall impression of a person or situation based on one characteristic, either favorable or unfavorable, is an example of:

the halo effect.

interactive leadership

the leader favors a consensual and collaborative process ( influence derives from relationships rather than position power and formal authourity

People pay more attention

to data that occur at the beginning of an event

Organizations must find ways to eliminate the glass ceiling effect. One effective way to do this has been a. through targeted recruitment. b. through affirmative action. c. to develop mentoring relationships. d. top management speeches. e. to hire only white males.

to develop mentoring relationships

The distinguishing personal characteristics of a leader are known as:

traits

The distinguishing personal characteristics of a leader are known as: a. traits. b. personal preferences. c. sources of power. d. leadership behaviors. e. leadership styles

traits

The distinguishing personal characteristics of a leader are known as:

traits.

servant leaders

transcend self-interest to serve others

transformational

The ____ leader is distinguished by his/her ability to bring about organizational change.

transformational

The _____ leader is distinguished by his/her ability to bring about organizational change.

transformational

The _____ leader is distinguished by his/her ability to bring about organizational change. a. participative b. achievement-oriented c. people-oriented leader d. charismatic e. transformational 1

transformational

the _______ leader is distinguished by his/her ability to bring about organizational change

transformational

____ means creating a climate in which the potential advantages of diversity for organizational or group performance are maximized while the potential disadvantages are minimized a. Managing diversity b. Maxi-Min approach c. Managing differentiation d. Advantageous approach e. Maximum benefit approach

managing diversity

Birmingham Boardwalk, Inc. uses a(n) ____ program to provide minorities and woman with direct training and inside information on the norms and expectations of the organization a. sponsoring b. mentoring c. expatriate d. delegate e. advisory

mentoring

A culture that accepts only one way of doing things and one set of values and beliefs is referred to as a(n) _____. a. monoculture b. primary culture c. preferred culture d. pluralism e. dominating culture

monoculture

Most organizations _____ shift from a monoculture perspective to one of pluralism a. can never b. naturally c. must make a conscious effort to d. can easily e. are against a

must make a conscious effort to

Denise has a desire to influence others, be responsible for them, and have authority over them. It can be described as her

need for power.

Denise has a desire to influence others, be responsible for them, and have authority over them. It can be described as her:

need for power.

neutralizers

In situations of _____, according to Fiedler, relationship-oriented leaders are more effective.

none of the above

The first step in the perception process is

observation

The first step in the perception process is _____.

observation

The average U.S. worker, today, is _____ than ever. a. older b. more likely to be married c. younger d. uneducated e. more likely to be male

older

An interdisciplinary field dedicated to the study of how individuals and groups tend to act in organizations is called:

organizational behavior.

Work behavior that goes beyond job requirements and contributes as needed to the organization's success is referred to as ______.

organizational citizenship

Loyalty to and heavy involvement in one's organization is called ______.

organizational commitment

The key assumption of Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory is that subordinates vary in their: a. readiness level. b. satisfaction level. c. level of commitment. d. level of security. e. all of these.

readiness level.

Organizational citizenship

refers to work behavior that goes beyond job requirements & contributes as needed to organization's success

Frank is primarily driven by a need to establish close social relationships with other people. Alderfer would say he is motivated by:

relatedness needs.

Two leadership styles used by Fiedler in his contingency theory were:

relationship-oriented and task-oriented.

Type A behavior pattern is characterized by all of these EXCEPT:

relaxed lifestyle.

all of the following are traditional model dimensions of diversity EXCEPT a. age. b. sexual orientation. c. religious beliefs. d. physical ability. e. all of these are primary dimensions of diversity.

religious beliefs

All of the following are interpersonal influence tactics EXCEPT:

rely on the rule of demand.

_____ power is based in the ability of the leader to do such things as recommend promotions.

reward

Candice uses praise, letters of support, and pats on the back as ways of influencing her subordinate's behaviors. All of these actions are highly valued by the work group. This is an example of:

reward power.

Candice uses praise, letters of support, and pats on the back as ways of influencing her subordinate's behaviors. All of these actions are highly valued by the work group. This is an example of: a. referent power. b. reward power. c. coercive power. d. legitimate power. e. expert power.

reward power.

Uncertainty about what behaviors are expected of a person in a particular role is referred to as ______.

role ambiguity

Uncertainty about what behaviors are expected of a person in a particular role is referred to as ______.

role ambiguity

when leaders influence others through the exchange of benefits or favors,which influence tactic is being used?

rule of reciprocity

external attribution

says cause are aspects of the situation

internal attribution

says person's characteristics caused person to behave that way

The key assumption of Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory is that subordinates vary in their:

readiness level.

Attribution is the cognitive process people use to make sense out of the environment by selecting, organizing, and interpreting information.

False

From attributions viewpoint, if the behavior is distinctive, the perceiver probably will make an internal attribution.

False

Job satisfaction is work behavior that goes beyond job requirements and contributes as needed to the organization's success.

False

Proximity is the tendency to group sensory data because they are alike in some way.

False

Recency supports the old truism that first impressions really do count.

False

Recent surveys indicate that the majority of working individuals strongly trust in their top management.

False

Self-management is NOT a component of emotional intelligence.

False

The tendency to see one's own personal traits in other people refers to attribution

False

In goal-setting theory, which term refers to the need to get information to people about how well they are doing in progressing toward goal achievement?

Feedback

_____ is the extent to which doing the job provides information back to the employee about his or her performance.

Feedback

Highroller Casinos provides good salaries and benefits, including bonuses of up to 25 percent of annual salaries. However, the company has been criticized for not establishing an achievement or recognition program for its employees. Which of the following best describes the company in terms of the two-factor theory?

Good hygiene factors and inadequate motivators

Good hygiene factors, inadequate motivators

Alden is a recent college graduate. He is unsure about his future. A counselor in his university's career resources office recently told Alden that he had a high need for achievement. Based on this, what type of career should Alden pursue?

He should think about starting his own business.

Research has shown that network groups a. create divisions in the workplace b. are bad experiences for minority employees c. help retain minority employees d. reduce creativity by being homogeneous e. none of these

Help retain minority employees

Which of the following is a basic aim of diversity awareness training a. Teaching people the differences between women and men b. Helping individuals become aware of their own prejudices c. Complying with federal employment law d. Reinforcing stereotypes employees may hold e. Helping individuals become aware of management's prejudices

Helping individuals become aware of their own prejudices

Which motivation theory proposes that needs must be satisfied in sequence?

Hierarchy of needs theory

Which of the following is a content theory that proposes that people are motivated by physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization needs?

Hierarchy of needs theory

Which racial or ethnic category currently represents the largest and fastest growing minority group? a. White b. African American c. Asian d. Hispanic e. Native American

Hispanic

____ is the imposition of unpleasant outcomes on an employee. a. Avoidance learning b. Punishment c. Positive reinforcement d. Extinction e. Avoiding punishment

______ is the belief that power and status differences should exist within the organization.

Authoritarianism

According to the Leadership Grid, which of the following occurs when efficiency in operations is the dominant orientation?

Authority-Compliance

______ is the tendency to direct much of one's behavior toward the acquisition of power and the manipulation of others for personal gain.

Machiavellianism

______ is the tendency to direct much of one's behavior toward the acquisition of power and the manipulation of others for personal gain.

Machiavellianism

Punishment

_____ is the imposition of unpleasant outcomes on an employee.

Punishment

The key assumption of Harsy in Blanchard situational theory is that subordinates a very in their

Readiness level

Smileline INC. has an onsite daycare facility and provides employees full-time daycare at a very low cost. The company implemented this years ago when managers realized that childcare responsibilities were contributing to high turnover and absenteeism. This example highlights which dividend of workplace diversity a. Better use of employee talent b. Increased understanding of the marketplace c. Increased quality of team problem solving d. Enhanced breadth of understanding in leadership positions e. Reduced costs associated with high turnover, absenteeism, and lawsuits

Reduced costs associated with high turnover, absenteeism and lawsuits

______ power is most visible in the area of charismatic leadership.

Referent

_____ focus on employee learning of desired work behaviors.

Reinforcement theories

Which of the following theories focuses on employee learning of desired work behaviors?

Reinforcement theory

Which of the following theories places an emphasis on behavior and its consequences?

Reinforcement theory

All the following are interpersonal influence tactics except

Rely on the role of demand

When leaders influence others through the exchange of benefits or favors, which of the following influence tactics is being used?

Rely on the rule of reciprocity

The BIG FIVE Personality Factors

1. Extroversion 2. Agreeableness 3. Conscientiousness 4. Emotional Stability 5. Openness to experience

Perception 3 step process

1. Observe 2. Screen/selecting 3. Organize/interpreting into patterns

authentic leadership traits

1. leaders who know and understand themselves 2. espouse and act with higher order ethical values 3. staying true to one's values and beliefs 4. inspire trust and commitment 5. respect diverse viewpoints 6. encourage collaboration 7. help others learn, grow, and develop as leaders

six interpersonal influence tactics for leaders

1. use rational persuasion 2 help people like you 3. rely on the rule of reciprocity 4. develop allies 5. be assertive- ask for what you want 6. make use of higher authority

level 5 leadership capabilities

1.lack of ego (humility) 2. fierce resolve to do what is best for the organization 3. shy and self-effacing 4 credit other people

stopped on page.....

406

Beth plans to develop strong skills in working with her people and also have a high concern for accomplishing tasks. On the Leadership Grid, her style will be:

9,9

The recommended management style from the leadership grid is _____.

9,9

The recommended management style from the leadership grid is _____. a. 5,5 b. 9,1 c. 9,9 d. 1,1 e. 1,9

9,9

A job design that incorporates achievement, recognition, and other high-level motivators into the work is referred to as: a. job simplification. b. job rotation. c. job enlargement. d. job enrichment. e. none of these.

With most new employees in the late 20's and early 30's, Albertson and Sons Inc. has learned that helping new employees secure home loans has been a valuable service that pays off in the long term. This is an example of what type of diversity initiative or program? a. Expanding recruitment efforts b. Establishing mentor relationships c. Accommodating special needs d. Providing diversity skills training e. Increasing awareness of sexual harassment

Accommodating special needs

Jay is a trusting and forgiving individual who gets along with others because of being good-natured and cooperative. This describes which of the Big Five personality factors?

Agreeableness

Jay is a trusting and forgiving individual who gets along with others because of good-natured and cooperative. This describes which of the Big five personality factors

Agreeableness

______ is the degree to which a person is able to get along with others by being good-natured, cooperative, forgiving, understanding, and trusting.

Agreeableness

The frustration-regression principle is most closely related with

Alderfer

The frustration-regression principle is most closely related with _____.

Alderfer

The following is a passive independent critical thinker

Alienated follower

Which of the following is a passive, independent, critical thinker?

Alienated follower

Which of the following is a passive, yet independent, critical thinker?

Alienated follower

Some of the key characteristics associated with charismatic leaders include

All of these

___ is (are) categories of sexual harassment a. Inappropriate/offensive b. Coercion with threat of punishment c. Solicitation with promise of reward d. Generalized e. All of these

All of these

Which of the following is a way to gain power?

All of these ---> - Establishing a network of relationships - Showing interest inlearning about the organization and industry - Showing initiative - Having access to information

At the seminar, Beth learned of a recent study on gender differences in leadership behaviors. In which of the following areas of leadership do women score more highly than men?

All of these ---> - Inspiring and motivating others - Developing others - Driving for results - Building relationships

According to MANAGER'S SHOPTALK in chapter 13, which of the following is not a characteristic used to help foreign managers understand americas? a. Americans are formal. b. Americans value punctuality. c. Americans believe in work. d. Americans are independent and individualistic. e. Americans are competitive.

Americans are formal

____ is an example of an intrinsic reward

An employee's feelings of self-worth

Ryan is a financial manager. Based on research, which interpersonal influence tactic would he be more inclined to use?

Appeal to higher authority

The six interpersonal influence tactics for leaders include all of the following except:

Appeal to lower authority

At Rightway Industries, new hires spend a significant portion of their first week of training just walking around the factory, observing other workers and watching them get rewarded for doing their jobs well. This is an example of: a. vicarious learning. b. self-efficacy. c. self-reinforcement. d. delegation. e. experiential learning.

An evaluation that predisposes a person to act in a certain way is called a(n) _____.

Attitude

______ are judgments about what caused a person's behavior-something about the person or something about the situation.

Attributions

_____ leaders know and understand themselves, act consistently with high order ethical values, and empower and inspire others.

Authentic

_____ leaders know and understand themselves, act consistently with high order ethical values, and empower and inspire others. a. Servant b. Authentic c. Transformational d. Level 5 e. Interactive

Authentic

______ refers to individuals who know and understand themselves, who espouse and act consistent with higher-order ethical values, and who empower and inspire others with their openness and authenticity.

Authentic leadership

Which of the following terms is the belief that power and status differences should exist within the organization?

Authoritarianism

Which need describes the desire to be accepted by one's peer, have friendships, be part of a group, and be loved?

Belongingness needs

_And_proposed a two-dimensional leadership theory called the managerial grid

Blake; Mouton

_____ and _____ proposed a two dimensional leadership theory called the Managerial Grid. a. Vroom; Yetton b. Blake; Mouton c. Evans; House d. Hersey; Blanchard e. Tannenbaum; Schmidt

Blake; Mouton

Which of those actions did the US supreme court take? a. Restricted the definition of sexual harassment to exclude office romance b. Broadened the definition of sexual harassment to include same sex harassment c. Broadened the definition of sexual harassment to include harassment of men by female coworkers d. Broadened the definition of sexual harassment to include same sex harassment and harassment of men by female coworkers e. None of these

Broadened the definition of sexual harassment to include same sex harassment and harassment of men by female coworkers

Bruce publicly praises his employees when they have achieved their goals. Bruce hopes this will increase the likelihood of goal achievement in the future. This is an example of: a. extinction. b. negative reinforcement. c. avoidance learning. d. positive reinforcement. e. none of these.

____ are less likely than ____ to develop mentoring relationships a. Women; minorities b. Minorities; women c. Men; women d. Women; men e. Whites; minorities

Woman; Men

According to research_typically score higher on social and emotional skills

Women

Daisy tried to apply the job characteristics model to her workforce, but it only worked for some of her employees. Which of the following may be a reason why it did not work for everyone? a. Some of her employees are lazy. b. Some of her employees are low in growth-need strength. c. Some of her employees have a low need for power. d. All of her employees have high growth-needs. e. Some of her employees have low affiliation needs.

Ryan is a manager at Steve's Stoneworks, Inc. Hersey and Blanchard would consider most of his subordinates highly ready. Based on this, which of the following leadership styles is best for Ryan?

Delegating

Rebecca, a human resource manager at WorldPlus Corp., regularly establishes numerical goals tied to diversity, such as tracking salaries, rates of promotion, and managerial positions for woman and minorities. This involves which step for developing diversity and cultural competence a. Demanding results and revisiting goals b. Maintaining momentum to change the culture c. Choosing solutions to fit a balanced strategy d. Uncovering diversity problems in an organization e. Strengthening top management commitment

Demanding results and revisiting goals

An internal attribution says something about the situation has caused the person's behavior.

False

Nelson is motivated by a strong need for recognition and is continually seeking credit for his contributions to the organization. According to Maslow, Neil is motivated by which category of needs?

Esteem

____ reflects the belief that one's own group is superior to other groups a. Ethnorelativism b. Ethnocentrism c. Pluralism d. Geocentricism e. Regiocentrism

Ethnocentrism

____ is the belief that groups are inherently equal a. Ethnorelativism b. Ethnocentrism c. Pluralism d. Geocentricism e. Monoculture

Ethnorelativism

Which of the following is based on the relationships between effort, performance, and outcomes?

Expectancy theory

Rational persuasion is most successful when a leader has:

Expert power

______ is power that results from a leader's special knowledge or skill in the tasks performed by subordinates.

Expert power

___ involves exposing traditional managers to nontraditional peers to help break down stereotypical beliefs a. Revelation b. Exposure c. Publicity d. Innovative breakdown e. Cultural barrier breakdown

Exposure

Extinction

Which of the following techniques reduces the likelihood that behavior will be repeated?

Extinction

Which of these refers to the withdrawal of a positive reward, meaning that behavior is no longer reinforced and hence is less likely to occur in the future?

Extinction

A change in behavior or performance that occurs as the result of experience refers to perception.

False

A positive attitude toward one's job is called cognitive attitude.

False

Which workforce generation category is characterized as ambitions by lacking loyalty to the organization? a. Generation X b. Generation Y c. Baby boomers d. Teeny bopper e. Generation A

Generation Y

Josephine would like to become part of an elite manager network at her company so she can get access to general and line management experience to help her succeed within the company. However, she learns that the manager network is made up exclusively for men. This demonstrates which factory affecting women' careers? a. Female advantage b. Opt-out trend c. Glass ceiling d. Glass wall e. Opaque ceiling

Glass wall

Which term, in goal-setting theory, refers to the need to make goals highly ambitious but achievable?

Goal difficulty

To become a Level 5 leader, Beth would have to hone which of the following personal characteristics?

Humility

_____ means being unpretentious and modest rather than arrogant and prideful.

Humility

_____ means being unpretentious and modest rather than arrogant and prideful. a. Egotism b. Reserved c. Altruism d. Assurance e. Humility

Humility

_______ means being unpretentious and modest rather than arrogant and prideful.

Humility

According to the leadership grid_means the absence of management philosophy were managers exert little effort toward interpersonal relationships or work accomplishment

Impoverished management

In goal-setting theory, _____ refers to the degree to which goals are concrete and unambiguous. a. goal specificity b. goal difficulty c. goal acceptance d. feedback e. goal motivation

_______ is the extent to which the leader is task-oriented and directs subordinate work activities toward goal attainment.

Initiating structure

At work Suellen favors a consensual and collaborative process where influence derives from relationships rather than positions of power in formal Dority as such she can be best viewed as what type of leader

Interactive

At work, Sue Ellen favors a consensual and collaborative process, where influence derives from relationships rather than positions of power and formal authority. As such, she can best be viewed as what type of leader?

Interactive

At work, Suellen favors a consensual and collaborative process where influence derives from relationships rather than positions of power and formal authority as such she can be the best viewed as what type of leader

Interactive

________ means that the leader favors a consensual and collaborative process, and influence derives from relationships rather than position power and formal authority.

Interactive Leadership

Internal attribution

______ are stressors associated with relationships in the organization.

Interpersonal demands

The following is not a valid component of authentic leadership

Isolates self from others

Which of the following is NOT a valid component of authentic leadership?

Isolates self from others

The less effective leaders in the University of Michigan studies were called

Job centered leaders

Which of the following is the application of motivational theories to the structure of work for improving productivity and satisfaction?

Job design

Which of the following combines a series of tasks into one new, broader job?

Job enlargement

Karen is a first line supervisor at Wolfs, Inc. She wishes to increase her employee's opportunities for growth and learning. Which of the following techniques should she use?

Job enrichment

_____ systematically moves employees from one job to another, thereby increasing the number of different tasks an employee performs without increasing the complexity of any one job.

Job rotation

_____refers to a positive attitude toward one's job.

Job satisfaction

people generally experience ____when their work matches their needs and interests, when working conditions and rewards (such as pay) are satisfactory, and when the employees like their co-workers.

Job satisfaction

Wilson is viewed by his boss has driven tenacious and hard-working in the pursuit of his goals these characteristics fit within which category

Work related characteristics

Which of the following refers to group atmosphere and members attitude toward and acceptance of the leader

Leader member relations

Which of the following refers to group atmosphere and members' attitude toward and acceptance of the leader?

Leader-member relations

Peter has the ability to convince others to work toward organizational objectives this ability is known as_

Leadership

_____ is the ability to influence people toward the attainment of organizational goals.

Leadership

_____ is the ability to influence people toward the attainment of organizational goals. a. Motivation b. Commitment c. Organizational citizenship d. Persuasion e. Leadership

Leadership

______ is the ability to influence people toward the attainment of goals.

Leadership

Ian does not have much of a relationship with his subordinates. They feel obligated to follow his directions regarding work activities because he's the boss. This is an example of ______ power.

Legitimate

Power coming from a formal management position in the organization and the authority granted to it is called _____ power.

Legitimate

Ian does not have much of a relationship with his subordinates they feel obligated to do as he says because he's the boss this is an example of

Legitimate power

Which of the following is the power coming from a formal management position in the organization?

Legitimate power

Which of the following is the power coming from a formal management position in the organization? a. Coercive power b. Reward power c. Referent power d. Expert power e. Legitimate power

Legitimate power

______ is the power that stems from a manager's formal position in an organization and the authority granted by that position.

Legitimate power

Charismatic leaders are often_ than transactional leaders

Less predictable

Charismatic leaders tend to be ______ than transactional leaders because they create an atmosphere of change.

Less predictable

Linda is viewed by her colleagues as someone who makes productive contributions through talent, knowledge, and good work habits, but she is sometimes hard to work with because of her communication style. Based on the Level 5 leadership spectrum, Linda would be placed in which category?

Level 1: Highly capable individual

The leader who builds widespread commitment to a clear and compelling vision and stimulates people to high performance is a _____ leader a. Level 2 b. Level 1 c. Level 3 d. Level 5 e. Level 4

Level 4

The leader who builds an enduring great organization through a combination of personal humility and professional resolve is a _____ leader

Level 5

Which of the following refers to the highest level in a hierarchy of manager capabilities?

Level 5 leadership

All of the following are major approaches to leadership

Level 5 leadership Servant leadership Authentic leadership Interactive leadership (gender differences)

Ricky is well loved by his coworkers he is beauties having a great deal of humility often given credit for success to other members of his team. Ricky would be placed in which category of the level five leadership spectrum

Level five executive

Which of the following refers to the highest level of hierarchy of manager capabilities

Level five leadership

Linda is viewed by her colleagues as someone who makes productive contributions through talent knowledge and good work habits but she is sometimes hard to work with because of her communication style based on the level five leadership spectrum Linda would be placed in which category

Level one highly capable individual

Ricky is a manager at InfoServices, where she rewards the top sales employee every month by giving him or her a high-definition TV or PC. This is an example of what employee motivation program?

Lifestyle award

Which of the following refers to the tendency to place the primary responsibility for one's success or failure either within oneself or on outside forces?

Locus of control

Which of the following refers to the tendency to place the primary responsibility for one's success or failure either within oneself or outside forces?

Locus of control

Which of the following is defined as the tendency to direct much of one's behavior toward the acquisition of power and the manipulation of others for personal gain?

Machiavellianism

Beth recognizes that her power can come from five sources, including all of the following except:

Mechanistic Power Includes: Referent power reward power coercive power legitimate power

Which of the following refers to a higher ranking, senior organizational member who is committed to providing upward mobility and support to a protege's professional career a. Sponsor b. Mentor c. Expatriate d. Delegate e. Advisor

Mentor

____ reflects a moderate amount of concern for both people and production. a. Middle of the Road Management b. Team Management c. Authority-Compliance d. Impoverished Management e. Country Club Management

Middle of the Road Management

_____ reflects a moderate amount of concern for both people and production.

Middle of the Road Management

_____ reflects a moderate amount of concern for both people and production. a. Impoverished Management b. Team Management c. Middle of the Road Management d. Authority-Compliance e. Country Club Management

Middle of the Road Management

A culture that accepts only one way of doing things and one set of values and beliefs is referred to as a(n) a. primary culture. b. preferred culture. c. dominating culture. d. monoculture. e. pluralism.

Monoculture

Which of the following is the arousal, direction, and persistence of behavior?

Motivation

Which of the following are high-level needs, according to Herzberg, and include achievement, recognition, responsibility, and opportunity for growth?

Motivators

_____ have the greatest impact, according to Herzberg, on job satisfaction.

Motivators

In the video shown in class on the two- factory theory, Herzberg called pay and benefits as hygien factors and KITAs. He also called them ....

Movers

Blaming the teacher for a poor grade on an exam, and taking credit for good grades could be an example of which perceptual bias?

Perceptual distortion

_____is the process by which individuals screen and select the various objects and stimuli that vie for their attention.

Perceptual selectivity

_Power comes from personal sources that are not as invested in the organization such as personal interests goals and values

Personal

_____ power comes from personal sources that are not as invested in the organization, such as personal interests, goals, and values.

Personal

______ power most often comes from internal sources, such as an individual's special knowledge or personal characteristics.

Personal

Which of the following is NOT a manager quality?

Personal power

Colleen Farney at TeleTech shows vast knowledge, intelligence, cognitive ability, and keen decisiveness. Which personal characteristic of leadership is she showing?

Personality

Colleen Farney at TeleTech shows vast knowledge, intelligence, cognitive ability, and keen decisiveness. Which personal characteristic of leadership is she showing? a. Intelligence and Ability b. Social Characteristics c. Personality d. Physical characteristics e. Social Background

Personality

Self-confidence, honesty and integrity, and the desire to lead, are all components of which personal characteristic of leaders?

Personality

_____ refers to the set of characteristics that underlie a relatively stable pattern of behavior in response to ideas, objects, or people in the environment.

Personality

_____ describe the most basic human physical needs, including food, water and oxygen.

Physiological needs

Which of the following means that an organization accommodates several subcultures a. Monoculturalism b. Pluralism c. Ethnorelativism d. Geocentricism e. Ethnocentrism

Pluralism

____ power comes from organizational structure and promotes stability, order, and problem solving within the structure.

Position

_____ power comes from organizational structure and promotes stability, order, and problem solving within the structure.

Position

Which of the following is the administration of a pleasant and rewarding consequence following a desired behavior?

Positive reinforcement

_____ is the potential ability to influence the behavior of others.

Power

______ is the potential ability to influence the behaviors of others.

Power

Which of the following theories concern the thought processes that influence behavior?

Process

All of the following are major approaches to leadership EXCEPT:

Progressive leadership

All of the following are major approaches to leadership except

Progressive leadership

All of the following are major approaches to leadership EXCEPT:

Progressive leadership.

All of the following are major approaches to leadership EXCEPT: a. Authentic leadership. b. Servant leadership. c. Interactive leadership. d. Level 5 leadership. e. Progressive leadership.

Progressive leadership.

_____ is an individual's belief about his or her abilities to successfully accomplish a specific task or outcome.

Self-efficacy

On the continuum of empowerment, what is the highest level of empowerment that requires the most complex skills?

Self-management

Blaming the teacher for a poor grade on an exam, and taking credit for good grades could be an example of which perceptual bias

Self-serving bias

Blaming the teacher for a poor grade on an exam, and taking credit for good grades could be an example of which perceptual bias?

Self-serving bias

_____ works best for employees with moderate readiness, according to Hersey and Blanchard.

Selling and participating

A(n) ______ leader transcends self-interest to serve others, the organization, and society.

Servant

A contingency approach to leadership that links the leader's behavioral style with the readiness level of followers is called the ______.

Situational model

Hersey and Blanchard are responsible for which theory

Situational theory

Hersey and Blanchard are responsible for which theory?

Situational theory

Social learning theory

Daisy tried to apply the job characteristics model to her workforce, but it only worked for some of her employees. Which of the following may be a reason why it did not work for everyone?

Some of her employees are low in growth-need strength.

____ is a psychological experience of a person who, usually engaged in a task, is aware of a stereotype about his or her identity group suggestion he or she will not perform well on that task a. Typecast threat b. Discriminatory threat c. Labeling d. Stereotype threat e. Classified threat

Stereotype threat

Which of the following is the tendency to assign an individual to a group or broad category and then to attribute widely held generalizations about the group to the individual?

Stereotyping

______ is the tendency to assign an individual to a group or broad category and then attribute generalizations about the group to the individual.

Stereotyping

______ is the tendency to assign an individual to a group or broad category and then attribute generalizations about the group to the individual.

Stereotyping

_Our natural talents and abilities that have been supported and reinforced with learned knowledge and skills and provide each individual with his or her best tools for accomplishment and satisfaction

Strengths

are natural talents and abilities that have been supported and reinforced with learned knowledge and skills and provide each individual with his or her best tools for accomplishment and satisfaction.

Strengths

A physiological and emotional response to stimuli that place physical or psychological demands on an individual is called ______.

Stress

A_is a situational variable that makes a leadership style unnecessary or redundant

Substitute

______ are stressors arising from the tasks required of a person holding a particular job.

Task demands

Which of the following refers to the degree to which an employee performs a total job with a recognizable beginning and ending?

Task identity

Which of the following is consistent with initiating structure?

Task oriented behavior

Which of the following is consistent with initiating structure? a. Country-club management style b. Open communication c. Task oriented behavior d. Teamwork oriented e. People oriented behavior

Task oriented behavior

Wilson is viewed by his boss as driven, tenacious, and hardworking in the pursuit of his goals. These characteristics fit within which category?

Work-related characteristics

The removal of an unpleasant consequence following a desired behavior is referred to as: a. avoidance learning. b. punishment. c. positive reinforcement. d. extinction. e. inefficient management.

Recently, Beagle Boutique was attempting to hire a middle manager. They were looking for an intelligent, active, and creative individual. Which approach to leadership was Beagle using?

The trait approach

Theories that explain how employees select the behaviors that allow them to meet their needs are known as: a. content theories. b. contingency theories. c. process theories. d. need hierarchy theories. e. reinforcement theories.

Which of the following prohibits discrimination of the basis of race, color, religion national origin and sex a. Age Discrimination in Employment Act b. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 c. Equal Pay Act of 1963 d. Americans with Disabilities Act e. Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act Amendment of 1972

Title VII of the civil rights act of 1964

All of the following are changes that are reshaping our workforce EXCEPT a. aging workforce. b. growth in Hispanic and Asian workers. c. women outnumbering men d. growth in foreign-born population. e. younger workforce.

Younger workforce

Which of the following refers to the degree to which an employee performs a total job with a recognizable beginning and ending? a. Task complexity b. Task identity c. Task significance d. Task structure e. None of these

Which of the following techniques reduces the likelihood that behavior will be repeated? a. Positive reinforcement b. Negative reinforcement c. Extinction d. Reward enhancement e. All of these

Which of the following theories concern the thought processes that influence behavior? a. Process b. Reinforcement c. Content d. Needs e. Maslow's

Which of the following theories places an emphasis on behavior and its consequences? a. Two-factor theory b. Need hierarchy theory c. Reinforcement theory d. ERG theory e. Equity theory

Which of these combines a number of tasks horizontally into one, new broader job? called what? a. Job simplification b. Job rotation c. Job enrichment d. All of these e. None of these

Which of these is sometimes called negative reinforcement? a. Avoidance learning b. Punishment c. Positive reinforcement d. Extinction e. Neutral learning

Which of these refers to the withdrawal of a positive reward, meaning that behavior is no longer reinforced and hence is less likely to occur in the future? a. Avoidance learning b. Punishment c. Positive reinforcement d. Extinction e. None of these

Which theory proposes that an individual's motivation can result not just from direct experience of rewards and punishments but also from the person's thoughts and beliefs and his or her observations of other people's behavior? a. Reinforcement theory b. Hierarchy of needs theory c. ERG theory d. Experiential learning theory e. Social learning theory

Which of the following groups has the largest wage gap between genders a. White b. African American c. Hispanic d. European e. Middle Eastern

White

The tendency to overestimate the contribution of internal factors to one's successes and the contribution of external factors to one's failures is a result of: A. self-serving bias. B. openness to experience. C. over stability. D. emotional plateau. E. Machiavellianism.

Which of the following is the tendency to assign an individual to a group or broad category and then to attribute widely held generalizations about the group to the individual? A. Stereotyping B. Projection C. Figure- ground D. The halo effect E. Perceptual defense

Which of these styles, according to Jung, avoids specifics, decentralizes decision-making and develops few rules and regulations? A. Intuitive-feeling B. Sensation-thinking C. Intuitive-thinking D. Sensation-feeling E. None of these.

emotion

a mental state arises spontaniously rather than through conscious effort and accomp. by physical changes

Phlex plastic has a very strong set of corporate values. In fact, Phlex has been known to discourage the emergence of alternate values.Phlex is most likely a. a diverse organization. b. an organization that encourages pluralism. c. a monoculture. d. geocentric. e. minority-owned organization.

a monoculture

an ethnocentric perspective leads to a. a monoculture. b. diversity in the workplace. c. pluralism. d. ethnorelativism. e. a global perspective.

a monoculture

The desire to form close personal relationships, avoid conflict, and establish warm friendships, describes:

a need for affiliation.

Which of these combines a number of tasks horizontally into one, new broader job?

a. Job simplification b. Job rotation c. Job enrichment d. All of these

Kara and Simon are both middle managers at Gotcha International. Kara is dissatisfied because she knows that Simon makes more in salary even though, in Kara's opinion, she works longer hours than he does. If Kara wishes to reduce this perceived inequity, what should she do?

a. She could reduce the number of hours she works. b. She could increase her level of absenteeism. c. She could ask for a raise. d. All of these. e. Only she could reduce the number of hours she works and she could ask for a raise.

_____ influences the critical psychological state of experienced meaningfulness of work.

a. Skill variety b. Task significance c. Task identity d. All of these

Empowering employees means giving employees _____.

a. information b. knowledge c. power d. rewards e. all of these

a.She could reduce the number of hours she works. b. She could increase her level of absenteeism. c. She could ask for a raise. d. All of these. <<<<<<< e. Only she could reduce the number of hours she works and she could ask for a raise.

______ is the degree to which a person is able to get along with others by being good-natured, cooperative, forgiving, understanding, and trusting.

agreeableness

followership styles

alientated follower passive follower conformist pragmatic survivor effective follower

_____conflict occurs when an individual perceives incompatible demands from others. A. Attitude B. Role C. Personality D. Perception E. Ability

On the continuum of empowerment, employees who are self-managed:

are responsible for decision process and strategy.

A highly structured task and automatic feedback:

are substitutes for task-oriented leadership style

arry is looking for ways to increase the number of different tasks that an employee performs without increasing task complexity. He should try: a. job simplification. b. job enlargement. c. job rotation. d. job enrichment. e. job lay-off.

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

assessment measures a person's preference for introversion v extroversion, sensation v intuition, thinking v feeling, and judging v perceiving

A(n) ______ is an evaluation that predisposes a person to act in a certain way.

attitude

An evaluation that predisposes a person to act in a certain way is called a(n) _____.

attitude

______ are judgments about what caused a person's behavior-something about the person or something about the situation.

attributions

___________ leaders know and understand themselves, act consistently with high order of ethical values, and empower and inspire others

authentic

The removal of an unpleasant consequence following a desired behavior is referred to as

avoidance learning.

The removal of an unpleasant consequence following a desired behavior is referred to as:

avoidance learning.

A widely used personality test that measures how people differ on all four of Jung's sets of paired opposites is the ______. A. Keirsey personality test B. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator C. Eysenck Personality Test D. Enneagram Personality Type Detector E. Oxford Capacity Analysis

An overall impression of a person or situation based on one attribute, either favorable or unfavorable, is an example of: A. projection. B. the halo effect. C. perceptual defense. D. stereotyping. E. attribution.

Frank regretfully missed an important deadline at work. His boss, George, thinks to himself, "Frank missed that deadline because he is lazy; I really need to crack down on him more." This is an example of what kind of attribution? A. External attribution B. Internal attribution C. Horizontal attribution D. Vertical attribution E. Skewed attribution

Individuals high on authoritarianism have problems with: A. power and toughness. B. use of subjective feelings. C. sticking to conventional values. D. obeying recognized authority above them.

Managing emotion is a basic component of emotional intelligence. Which of the following best describes managing emotions? A. It is the basis for all the other components; being aware of what you are feeling. B. It is the ability to balance one's moods so that worry, anxiety, fear, or anger do not cloud thinking. C. It is the ability to be hopeful and to persist in the face of obstacles. D. It is the ability to be able to put yourself in someone else's shoes. E. It is the ability to connect to others and build positive relationships.

The general assurance in one's own ideas, judgment, and capabilities is referred to as: A. locus of control. B. self- confidence. C. self-efficacy. D. perceptual selectivity. E. cognitive dissonance.

The tendancy to overestimate the contribution of external factors is part of which perceptual bias? A. Projection B. The fundamental attribution error C. The halo effect D. Figure ground E. Selective perception

The tendancy to overestimate the contribution of internal factors is part of which perceptual bias? A. Projection B. Self- serving bias C. The halo effect D. Figure ground E. Selective perception

Traits of _____seem to be particularly important in today's collaborative organizations. A. likability B. agreeableness C. friendliness D. openness E. sociability

Which of the following refers to the degree to which a person is focused on a few goals, thus behaving in ways that are responsible, dependable, persistent, and achievement oriented? A. Agreeableness B. Conscientiousness C. Emotional stability D. Openness to experience E. Extroversion

Which of the following refers to work behavior that goes beyond job requirements and contributes as needed to the organization's success? A. Job satisfaction B. Organizational citizenship C. Cognitive dissonance D. Job involvement E. Organizational Commitment

_____ refers to the set of characteristics that underlie a relatively stable pattern of behavior in response to ideas, objects, or people in the environment. A. Dissonance B. Personality C. Halo effect D. Attitude E. Perception

Patties Pancakes recently held a series of forces groups to gather information on employee perceptions of woman and minorities in the workplace. In particular, Pattie's was interested in learning about the myths, values, and beliefs that currently exist in their organization. This is an example of a. sensitivity training. b. building a corporate culture that values diversity. c. changing the current organizational design. d. changing the current organizational structure. e. none of these.

building a corporate culture that values diversity

A survey by the Conference Board found that _____ percentage of US workers are satisfied with their work. A. 25 B. 75 C. 45 D. 10 E. 95

An individual's strong belief that he or she can successfully accomplish a specific task or outcome is referred to as: A. locus of control. B. self- confidence. C. self-efficacy. D. perceptual selectivity. E. cognitive dissonance.

Blaming the teacher for a poor grade on an exam, and taking credit for good grades could be an example of which perceptual bias? A. perceptual distortion. B. closure activity. C. the fundamental attribution error. D. stereotyping. E. perceptual grouping.

If Ben is tense, nervous, depressed and insecure, he would tend to be rated as low on which of these factors? A. Agreeableness B. Conscientiousness C. Emotional stability D. Openness to experience E. Extroversion

In what stage of the perception process are individuals likely to put things into patterns? A. Selecting B. Projecting C. Organizing D. Sensing E. Reasoning

Maliah bases her judgments on impersonal analysis. To resolve problems at work, she uses reason and logic rather than personal values or emotional aspects of the situation. In gathering information, Maliah prefers routine and order. Based on this information, Maliah ranks highly in which Myers- Briggs category? A. Judging-Perceiving B. Intuitive-Thinking C. Sensation-Thinking D. Sensation-Feeling E. Intuitive-Feeling

Research shows that _____are predisposed to being pragmatic, capable of lying to achieve personal goals, more likely to win in win-lose situations, and more likely to persuade than be persuaded. A. high introverted individuals B. high authoritarians C. high Machs D. low extroverted individuals E. low Machs

Roy is a top executive at a cigarette manufacturing company who believes that cigarettes are dangerous products and they kill people. This condition can be described as: A. job involvement. B. extroversion. C. cognitive dissonance. D. Machiavellianism. E. job satisfaction.

Which of the following refers to the tendency to place the primary responsibility for one's success or failure either within oneself or on outside forces? A. Machiavellianism B. Emotional stability C. Locus of control D. Authoritarianism E. Extroversion

Which of the following terms is the belief that power and status differences should exist within the organization? A. Extroversion B. Machiavellianism C. Authoritarianism D. Perceptual distortion E. Locus of control

_____is defined as a positive attitude toward one's job. A. Occupation approval B. Career fulfillment C. Job satisfaction D. Organizational happiness E. Organizational commitment

_____ reflects the belief that one's own group is superior to other groups. a. Regiocentrism b. Ethnorelativism c. Ethnocentrism d. Geocentricism e. Pluralism

c. Ethnocentrism

All of these are inclusive dimensions of diversity EXCEPT: a. military experience. b. lifestyle. c. sexual orientation. d. income. e. parents.

c. sexual orientation

All of the following are true about employee network groups EXCEPT: a. the groups help retain minority employees. b. the groups are based on social identity. c. the groups are formally created by the organization. d. the mechanism of the groups work well with multicultural teams. e. the groups pursue a variety of activities.

c. the groups are formally created by the organization.

Organizations must find ways to eliminate the glass ceiling effect. One effective way to do this has been: a. top management speeches. b. to hire only white males. c. to develop mentoring relationships. d. through affirmative action. e. through targeted recruitment.

c. to develop mentoring relationships

which of the following refers to the highest level in a hierarchy of manager capabilities?

level 5 leadership

Studies have found that the characteristic most common to top executives is: A. a Type A personality. B. a workaholic mentality. C. an unsatisfied worker. D. an optimistic attitude. E. an introverted personality.

The Big Five personality factors includes all of these EXCEPT: A. extroversion. B. conscientiousness. C. emotional stability. D. locus of control. E. agreeableness.

The cognitive process people use to make sense out of the environment by selecting, organizing, and interpreting information is called: A. selective retention. B. dissonance. C. attitude. D. perception. E. personality.

The first step in the perception process is _____. A. contrasting B. attribution C. reasoning D. observation E. stereotyping

Type A behavior pattern is characterized by all of these EXCEPT: A. impatience. B. devotion to work. C. aggressiveness. D. relaxed lifestyle. E. extreme competitiveness.

Which of the following describes the last step in the perception process? A. Observing information B. Screening the information C. Selecting what to process D. Organizing the selected data into patterns E. Transmitting the observed information

Which of the following is defined as the tendency to direct much of one's behavior toward the acquisition of power and the manipulation of others for personal gain? A. Authoritarianism B. External locus of control C. Introversion characteristic D. Machiavellianism E. Organizational citizenship

Which of the following is the uncertainty about what behaviors are expected of a person in a particular role? A. Role conflict B. Task overload C. Nonprogrammed decisions D. Role ambiguity E. Task underload

Which of these styles would likely be appropriate for a counseling job? A. Intuitive-feeling B. Sensation-thinking C. Intuitive-thinking D. Sensation-feeling E. None of these.

_____refers to loyalty to the heavy involvement in the organization. A. Organization citizenship B. Job satisfaction C. Dissonance D. Organizational commitment E. Job involvement

_____type people, according to Jung, would rather work with known facts and hard data and prefer routine and order in gathering information. A. Feeling B. Gut-feel C. Intuitive D. Sensation E. Affective

The key assumption of Hersey and Blanchard's situational model is that subordinates vary in their:

readiness level

_____ is defined as all the ways in which people differ. a. Multiplicity b. Seniority c. Variation d. Culture e. Diversity

e. Diversity

_____ are less likely than _____ to develop mentoring relationships. a. Whites; minorities b. Men; women c. Minorities; women d. Women; minorities e. Women; men

e. Women; men

Research has shown that network groups: a. create divisions in the workplace. b. are bad experiences for minority employees. c. help retain minority employees. d. reduce creativity by being homogeneous. e. none of these.

e. none of these.

People with an external locus of control are:

easier to lead

eff and Rob have a difficult time getting along at work. Most days, Jeff spends a lot of time cracking jokes and goofing off, while Rob constantly nags him and tells him to act like a grownup. On days when Jeff is more reserved, Rob does not nag him, hoping that this will result in improved behavior down the road. This is an example of which form of behavior modification? a. Empowerment b. Extinction c. Punishment d. Avoidance learning e. Positive reinforcement

If Ben is tense, nervous, depressed and insecure, he would tend to be rated as low on which of these factors?

emotional stability

A(n)_____ is an example of an intrinsic reward.

employee's feelings of self-worth

The Michigan researchers used the term _____ for leaders who established high performance goals and displayed supportive behavior toward subordinates.

employee-centered leaders

The delegation of power and authority to subordinates is referred to as:

empowerment.

engagement.

perceptual distortions

errors in perceptual judgement result from inaccuracies in any party of the perceptual process

attitude

evaluation-either positive or negative- predisposes a person to act in a certain way

Alderfer referred to the needs for physical well being as ____ needs.

existence

Alderfer referred to the needs for physical well being as _____ needs.

existence

which of the following types of power stems from a leaders special knowledge?

expert power

Two types of soft power include ______ and _____ power.

expert; referent

person-job fit

extent which person's ability and personality match requirement of a job

The key assumption of Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory is that subordinates vary in their

readiness level.

According to the leadership grid, _____ means the absence of a management philosophy, where managers exert little effort toward interpersonal relationships or work accomplishment.

impoverished management

According to the leadership grid, _____ means the absence of a management philosophy, where managers exert little effort toward interpersonal relationships or work accomplishment. a. impoverished management b. low-road management c. solitary management d. authority-compliance management e. middle-of-the-road management

impoverished management

According to the leadership grid, _____ means the absence of a management philosophy, where managers exert little effort toward interpersonal relationships or work accomplishment. a. low-road management b. solitary management c. impoverished management d. middle-of-the-road management e. authority-compliance management

impoverished management

Which of the following is not a dividend of workplace diversity? a. Reduced costs associated with high turnover, absenteeism, and lawsuits. b. Increased understanding of the marketplace. c. Better use of employee talent. d. Increased costs associated with high turnover, absenteeism, and lawsuits. e. Enhanced quality of team problem solving.

increased costs associated with wither turnover absenteeism and lawsuits

self efficiency

individual's strong belief he or she can successfully accomplish specific task or outcome

Organizational behavior

interdisciplinary field dedicated to study of how individuals

______ are stressors associated with relationships in the organization.

interpersonal demands

Sally enjoys her job as a teacher, not because of the pay or benefits, but because she feels good about shaping the minds of tomorrow's leaders. Sally is motivated by:

intrinsic rewards.

which of the following is NOT a valid component of authentic leadership?

isolates self from others

A job design that incorporates achievement, recognition, and other high-level motivators into the work is referred to as:

job enrichment.

Larry is looking for ways to increase the number of different tasks that an employee performs without increasing task complexity. He should try:

job rotation.

A positive attitude toward one's job is called ______.

job satisfaction

People generally experience _____ when their work matches their needs and interests, when working conditions and rewards (such as pay) are satisfactory, and when the employees like their co-workers.

job satisfaction

_____is defined as a positive attitude toward one's job.

job satisfaction

The less effective leaders, in the University of Michigan studies, were called:

job-centered leaders

The less effective leaders, in the University of Michigan studies, were called:

job-centered leaders.

attributions

judgements about what caused a person's behavior

The job characteristic of feedback provides the worker with:

knowledge of actual results.

Peter has the ability to convince others to work toward organizational objectives. This ability is known as _____.

leadership

the ability to influence people toward the attainment of goals

leadership

Ian does not have much of a relationship with his subordinates. They feel obligated to do as he says because he's the boss. This is an example of:

legitimate power

which of the following is the power coming from a formal management position in the organization?

legitimate power

Ian does not have much of a relationship with his subordinates. They feel obligated to do as he says because he's the boss. This is an example of:

legitimate power.

Charismatic leaders are often _____ than transactional leaders. a. less emotional b. more predictable c. less predictable d. more directive e. none of these

less predictable

The leader who stimulates high standards and champions dedication to vision is a _____ leader

level 4

In what stage of the perception process are individuals likely to put things into patterns?

organizing

According to Herzberg, _____ is an example of a hygiene factor.

pay

halo effect

perceiver develops overall impression of a person or situation based on one characteristic, good or bad

The cognitive process people use to make sense out of the environment by selecting, organizing, and interpreting information is called:

perception

The process people use to make sense of the environment by selecting, organizing, and interpreting information from the environment is referred to as ______.

perception

______ is the cognitive process people use to make sense out of the environment by selecting, organizing, and interpreting information.

perception

The cognitive process people use to make sense out of the environment by selecting, organizing, and interpreting information is called:

perception.

Errors in perceptual judgment that arise from inaccuracies in any part of the perception process are called ______.

perceptual distortions

Referent power depends on the leader's

personal characteristics.

Referent power depends on the leader's:

personal characteristics.

Fiedler used all of the following to describe how leaders fit the situation EXCEPT:

personal power.

An individual's ______ is the set of characteristics that underlie a relatively stable pattern of behavior in response to ideas, objects, or people in the environment.

personality

An individual's ______ is the set of characteristics that underlie a relatively stable pattern of behavior in response to ideas, objects, or people in the environment.

personality

Self-confidence, honesty and integrity, and the desire to lead, are all components of which personal characteristic of leaders?

personality

_____ refers to the set of characteristics that underlie a relatively stable pattern of behavior in response to ideas, objects, or people in the environment.

personality

job satisfaction

positive attitude toward one's job

Bruce publicly praises his employees when they have achieved their goals. Bruce hopes this will increase the likelihood of goal achievement in the future. This is an example of:

positive reinforcement.

A high need for _____ is associated with successful attainment of top levels in the organizational hierarchy, according to McClelland.

power

Which of these is the potential ability to influence the behavior of others?

power

perceptual selectivity

process by which individuals screen and select various stimuli that vie for their attn

Theories that explain how employees select the behaviors that allow them to meet their needs are known as

process theories.

Theories that explain how employees select the behaviors that allow them to meet their needs are known as:

process theories.

all of the following are are major approaches to leadership EXCEPT

progressive leadership

management

promotes stability and order within the existing organizational structure

cognitive dissonance

psychological discomfort occurs when 2 attitudes or 1 attitude and behavior conflict

Traditional model dimensions of diversity include a. income. b. race. c. parental status. d. education. e. religious beliefs.

race

Traditional model dimensions of diversity include: a. religious beliefs. b. income. c. race. d. education. e. parental status.

race.

Transactional leaders do all of the following except:

use hard power more often than soft power with subordinates

vicarious learning.

According to research, _____ typically score higher on social and emotional skills.

women

According to research, _____ typically score higher on social and emotional skills. a. men b. minorities c. level 5 leaders d. postheroic leaders e. women

MGMT CH. 16, ch 16, test 3

संबंधित स्टडी सेट्स

Week 1

Advantages and Disadvantages of Sole proprietorships

GEN 3000 EXAM practice questions

Chapter 19: Processes and Stages of Labor and Birth

Learnsmart ACC chap. 2

Transition Exam 1 Review

HORT 106- Final Exam

Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

MKT 350-Exam 2 Review

MT Final Study guide quiz

Chapter 7:14 Reproductive System

Chapter 21

OB/Maternity HESI Assignment exam

Gas Laws STP R Valu

Intro to Management Information Systems Midterm (Module 1-8)

Anth

ANAT- Final Review #3

Major Exam 1 - Social Psych

XCEL SOLUTIONS - FINAL EXAM

OBE-chapter 12