MGMT- ch. 7-10

Organizational _____ is the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations.

Innovation

A technology cycle occurs whenever there are major advances or changes in the _____ in a field or discipline.

Knowledge, tools, and techniques

Which of the following is a component of a creative work environment that encourages creativity?

absence of organizational impediments

How can companies foster the generation of new ideas?

by building a creative work environment

The _____ approach to managing innovation assumes that innovation is a predictable process made up of a series of steps and that reducing the time it takes to complete those steps can speed up innovation.

compression

_____ are defined as workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged

creative work environments

A technology _____ begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and dies as it is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology.

cycle

In _____, the old technology and several different new technologies fight to establish a new technological standard or dominant design.

design competition

Which of the following is an aspect of the experiential approach to innovation?

design iteration

The _____ approach to innovation asserts that the key to fast product innovation is to use intuition, flexible options, and hands-on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning and understanding.

experiential

Organizational innovation is defined as "doing things differently" inside and organization.

false

Resistance to change usually results from organizational factors: such as the absence of promotion guidelines, bonuses, and praise.

false

Results-driven change focuses primarily on changing company procedures, management philosophy, or employee behavior

false

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is a regional trade agreement between Canada and the United States. No other nations have signed this trade agreement.

false

The phase model of globalization is one in which a company makes the transition from a domestic company to a global company in three sequential phases. The three phases are exporting, wholly owned subsidiaries, and strategic alliances.

false

When the first cell phone was released, only a few people could afford to buy it. Over the years, mobile manufacturers improved the phone designs and features and also reduced their cost to make them more affordable. This signaled the shift to the _____ stage of the technology cycle.

incremental change

Over the long run, the best way for a company to sustain competitive advantage is to create _____ year after year.

innovation streams

Formal project review points used to assess progress and performance are called _____.

milestones

_____ occurs when customers purchase new technologies to replace older technologies.

technical substitution

_____ is defined as the knowledge, tools, and techniques used to transform inputs into outputs.

technology

A creative work environment requires organizational encouragement and supervisory encouragement as well as work group encouragement.

true

A joint venture is an example of a strategic alliance.

true

A technology cycle begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reached its limits and dies; it is then replaced by newer, substantially better technology.

true

An innovation stream begins with a technological discontinuity, which is a scientific advance or a unique combination of existing technologies creating a significant breakthrough in performance or function.

true

Declaring victory too soon is one of the mistakes managers often make in the refreezing stage of change.

true

Direct foreign investment is an increasingly important and common method of conducting global business.

true

Global business is defined as the buying and selling of goods and services by people from different countries.

true

If companies focus too much on local adaptation, they run the risk of losing the cost effectiveness and productivity that result from using standardized rules and procedures throughout the world.

true

Innovation streams are patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage.

true

Multinational corporations are corporations that own businesses in two or more countries.

true

Technological innovation not only makes it possible to duplicate the benefits obtained from a company's distinctive advantage but also quickly creates an opportunity to turn a company's competitive advantage into a competitive disadvantage.

true

The two kinds of cooperative contracts are licensing and franchising.

true

The typical S-curve pattern of innovation indicates that both early and late in the technology cycle, increased effort (i.e., money, research and development) brings only small improvements in technological performance.

true