MGMT Exam 3

Researchers at the Ohio State University identified two major behaviors called

consideration and initiating structure.

A task force is sometimes called a(n):

cross-functional team

Information distortion or loss of message content is a major problem with:

downward communication

People with an external locus of control are:

easier to manage.

The delegation of power and authority to subordinates is referred to as:

empowerment.

To be effective communicators, managers should:

encourage the use of multiple channels of communication.

Andrea is team leader of the focus group at her organization. In the past, the group was plagued by lack of cooperation and disrespect. Today, she told team members that if anyone tried to undermine another member, that person would be kicked off the team. This is an example of a(n):

explicit statement

Jason has been unemployed for three months. When his wife asked him why he was not looking for a job, Jason responded, "If I am lucky, I will get my old job back." Jason would be considered as having a(n):

external locus of control.

Randy is a team leader at Welldrilling.net. His team is made up of fifteen co-workers. Recently, he has noticed a tendency for some team members to participate much less than others. They seem uninterested and content to let others do the work. This is called:

free riding

Tamika is a manager at Sleeveless Clothes, Inc. Recently, she was assigned a work team. She is in charge of the team and it consists of the subordinates under her authority. This is an example of a _____ team.

functional

The early research on leadership traits was referred to as the:

great man approach.

According to the Leadership Grid, _____ means the absence of a management philosophy, where managers exert little effort toward interpersonal relationships or work accomplishment.

impoverished management

Upward communication is usually used to communicate information about all of the following, except:

indoctrination

Sally enjoys her job as a teacher, not because of the pay or benefits, but because she feels good about shaping the minds of tomorrow's leaders. Sally is motivated by

intrinsic rewards.

Leadership is reciprocal, according to your text. This means:

it occurs among people

refers to a positive attitude toward one's job.

job satisfaction

The job characteristic of feedback provides the worker with:

knowledge of actual results.

The avoiding style of conflict resolution is based on a _____ degree of assertiveness and a _____ degree of cooperativeness.

low; low

All of the following are tactics for promoting stronger organizational commitment, except:

maintaining a secretive culture.

Marion is a great manager and he has a number of special skills. In particular, Marion has the ability to get his subordinates to do more than would be normally expected. Which of the following terms best describes Marion?

Charismatic leader

Louise, a top-level manager at INF Inc., has the difficult task of informing 12 employees that they are about to be laid off. Which communication channel should Louise use to break the news?

Face-To-Face

Jay is a trusting and forgiving individual who gets along with others because of being good-natured and cooperative. This describes which of the Big Five personality factors?

Agreeableness

Traits of _____seem to be particularly important in today's collaborative organizations.

Agreeableness

Strategic conversations include:

Asking questions

Nelson is motivated by a strong need for recognition and is continually seeking credit for his contributions to the organization. According to Maslow, Nelson is motivated by which category of needs?

Esteem

Sally is a member of a work team at Beauty-R-Us Corporation. She often proposes new solutions to team problems. This is an example of which task specialist role

Initiation

Colleen Farney at TeleTech shows vast knowledge, intelligence, cognitive ability, and keen decisiveness. Which personal characteristic of leadership is she showing

Intelligence and ability

About 75 percent of effective communication is:

Listening

The skills of _____ require receiving messages to accurately grasp facts and feelings to interpret the meaning of the message.

Listening

A high need for _____ is associated with successful attainment of top levels in the organizational hierarchy, according to McClelland.

Power

_____ means that the first behaviors that occur in a team often set a precedent for later team expectations.

Primacy

_____ refers to performance and the quality and quantity of task outputs as defined by team goals.

Productive output

Most executives now believe that important information flows from the:

bottom up

When a group of workers have routine tasks to perform, a _____ communication structure allows more time for the task to be completed.

centralized

Which of the following is NOT a common method for reducing a perceived inequity?

change equity

Recently, Beagle Boutique was attempting to hire a middle manager. They were looking for an intelligent, confident, and honest individual. Which approach to leadership was Beagle using?

the trait approach

Which of these is sometimes called negative reinforcement?

Avoidance learning

Which of the following comprises the lowest channel richness?

Bulletins

A level 1 leader is:

Capable

Samuel, a sales associate at an electronics store, learns that his base pay is higher than any other sales associate in the store. He justifies his higher salary to the idea that he must be a top sales associate, generating more revenue than anyone else. This example demonstrates which method for reducing perceived inequity?

Changing perceptions

When an electronic mail system is installed as part of the communication system, what element of the communication process is changed?

Channel

What percent of the details passed through a grapevine is accurate?

70 to 90 percent

What percentage of a manager's time is spent in direct communication?

80 percent

The recommended management style from the leadership grid is:

9,9.

Beth, a middle manager at Heather's Handbags, uses threats and punishments as ways of influencing the behavior of his subordinates. Which of the following sources of power is Beth relying on?

Coercive Power

Which of the following is NOT a need proposed by Maslow in his hierarchy of needs theory?

Compensation needs

All of these behaviors are consistent with the role of a task specialist, except:

Compromise

Which of the following is a follower who participates actively in the organization but does not use critical thinking skills?

Conformist

Which of the following theories emphasize the needs that motivate people?

Content

_____ and _____ are potential sources for communication errors, because knowledge, attitudes, and background act as filters.

Decoding; Encoding

Jay, a divisional vice president of a consumer goods manufacturer, gives a presentation to all divisional employees to outline the company's goals for the coming year. This is an example of what type of organizational communication?

Divisional Communication

Which of the following is the most familiar and obvious flow of formal communication?

Downward communication

The _____ involves whether putting effort into a task will lead to high performance.

E->P expectancy

If Ben is tense, nervous, depressed and insecure, he would tend to be rated as low on which of these factors?

Emotional stability

The first step toward better time management is to:

Empty your head

Jenna composes an email from home to her boss to inform him that she will be late getting to work that day. The act of composing an email involves which stage of the communication process?

Encoding the message

Which of the following behaviors is NOT consistent with the socioemotional role?

Energize

Carla's subordinates view her as a great manager. Not only does she get the job done, but she organizes the workplace in such a way that employees experience a sense of meaningfulness, connection, and growth. This is an example of employee:

Engagement

Which of the following is NOT one of Schmidt's five leadership precepts?

Ensure the integrity of the hierarchy

_____ is necessary for communication to be considered two-way.

Feedback

Which term, in goal-setting theory, refers to the need to make goals highly ambitious but achievable?

Goal difficulty

Amber is a member of a work team at Buchanon Dance, Inc. She often attempts to help disagreeing parties reach agreement. This is an example of which socioemotional role behavior?

Harmonize

Rachel is described by her colleagues as pragmatic, super-competitive, and more likely to persuade than be persuaded. She fits which personality category most closely?

High Mach

Research shows that _____are predisposed to being pragmatic, capable of lying to achieve personal goals, more likely to win in win-lose situations, and more likely to persuade than be persuaded.

High Machs

The collaborating style of conflict resolution is based on a _____ degree of assertiveness and a _____ degree of cooperativeness.

High; high

Which of the following is a desired characteristic of both leaders and followers?

Honesty

_____ means being unpretentious and modest rather than arrogant and prideful.

Humility

Frank regretfully missed an important deadline at work. His boss, George, thinks to himself, "Frank missed that deadline because he is lazy; I really need to crack down on him more." This is an example of what kind of attribution?

Internal attribution

Silvia, a seasoned assembly line worker at an automobile manufacturer, wants to demonstrate to Allison, a new trainee, how her job relates to other organizational activities. This encompasses which downward communication topic?

Job instructions

Which of the following is NOT one of the four key strategies for achieving a win-win solution through negotiation?

Keep the demands at the center

Peter has the ability to convince others to work toward the attainment of goals. This ability is known as:

Leadership

Ian does not have much of a relationship with his subordinates. They feel obligated to do as he says because he's the boss. This is an example of:

Legitimate power

The leader who stimulates high standards and champions dedication to vision is a _____ leader

Level 4

When informing your staff of the date for the company picnic, a _____ would be most practical and successful.

Memo

Fred, a software engineer, is in charge of scrutinizing electronic communication patterns as part of his role within a virtual team at work. Fred's role fulfills which virtual team practice?

Monitoring progress and rewards

Which of the following statements is true?

Morale is higher in cohesive teams.

Which of the following is the arousal, direction, and persistence of behavior?

Motivation

In what stage of the perception process are individuals likely to put things into patterns?

Organizing

Which of the following describes the last step in the perception process?

Organizing the selected data into patterns

The forming stage of team development is characterized by:

Orientation

Michael's team has evolved to the storming stage of team development. As team leader, what should Michael be emphasizing?

Participation by all team members

Which of the following is NOT a manager quality?

Personal Power

Selina is meeting with her subordinate Mike for his annual performance review. At the end of the review, Mike tells Selina that he is confused about some things she said. By asking Selina to explain certain things in more detail, Mike is engaging in which component of the communication process

Providing feedback

One of your fellow students is continually late to class. The professor has tried numerous verbal warnings and recently took points away from the student's grade. Based on the above, the professor's actions are consistent with which of the following reinforcement techniques?

Punishment

Which of the following theories places an emphasis on behavior and its consequences?

Reinforcement theory

All of the following are common dysfunctions of teams, except:

Results orientation

Blaming the teacher for a poor grade on an exam, and taking credit for good grades could be an example of which perceptual bias?

Self-serving bias

_____type people, according to Jung, would rather work with known facts and hard data and prefer routine and order in gathering information.

Sensation

Maliah bases her judgments on impersonal analysis. To resolve problems at work, she uses reason and logic rather than personal values or emotional aspects of the situation. In gathering information, Maliah prefers routine and order. Based on this information, Maliah ranks highly in which Myers-Briggs category?

Sensation-Thinking

Jessica has just been appointed leader of a new work team in her organization. She is wondering what to do at her first meeting with the group. Which of the following would you suggest?

She should allow time for team members to become acquainted with one another; allow for informal social interaction.

Daisy tried to apply the job characteristics model to her workforce, but it only worked for some of her employees. Which of the following may be a reason why it did not work for everyone?

Some of her employees are low in growth-need strength.

Which of the following teams are created outside the formal organization structure to undertake a project of special importance or creativity?

Special-purpose

All of the following are leadership qualities except:

Structured

Josh evaluates Kandi's performance and gives her an "outstanding" based on his knowledge that she came to work every day earlier than anyone else and therefore she is extremely hardworking. Josh is making which of these errors in perceptual judgment?

The halo effect

Which type of leader clarifies the role and task requirements of subordinates

Transactional

Andy's subordinates say that they love working for Andy because he inspires them to not only believe in the organization but to believe in their own potential as well. Based on this example, Andy can best be described as what type of leader?

Transformational

Seeking positions of power and responsibility, Chandra has rapidly moved up the ranks within her organization. Colleagues describe her as someone with a tremendous amount of energy, and a powerful force for leadership within the organization. Based on this description, Chandra has what type of personality?

Type A

One of Ruby's few flaws is that she does not consider possibilities beyond what she is told, accepting her supervisor's ideas without thinking. She can best be described as what type of thinker?

Uncritical

Abbi works at Railroad Ties. Her bosses continually indicate that her motivational level is low. Abbi agrees, but is unwilling to work harder until the company changes the types of reward it offers its employees. Which of the following is low for Abbi?

Valence

Wilson is viewed by his boss as driven, tenacious, and conscientious in the pursuit of his goals. These characteristics fit within which category?

Work-related characteristics

According to the text, all of the following are ways managers can improve their writing skills, except:

Writing lengthy explanations

Channel richness refers to the

amount of information that can be transmitted during a communication episode.

When interviewing prospective employees, Samuel, a seasoned manager, often observes hand gestures, facial expressions, and use of space to gauge individuals' personalities. These are all examples of:

nonverbal communication.

According to Herzberg, _____ is an example of a hygiene factor

pay

Frank is primarily driven by a need to establish close social relationships with other people. Alderfer would say he is motivated by:

relatedness needs

Two leadership styles used by Fiedler in his contingency theory were:

relationship-oriented and task-oriented

Type A behavior pattern is characterized by all of these, except

relaxed lifestyle.

All of the following are interpersonal influence tactics, except

rely on the rule of demand.

Work team effectiveness is based on three outcomes: productive output, capacity to adapt and learn, and:

satisfaction

Effective virtual team leaders use technology to build relationships through all of the following ways, except:

scrutinize electronic communication patterns.

A high degree of _____means you can accurately assess your own strengths and limitations and have a healthy sense of self-confidence.

self-awareness

An individual's strong belief that he or she can successfully accomplish a specific task or outcome is referred to as:

self-efficacy