MGMT Final

42. What is meant by expectancy?

a person's expectation that effort will lead to high performance

32. What is path-goal theory?

A model concerned with how a leader affects employee's perceptions of their personal and work goals and the paths to goal attainment.

62. A permanent formal group that does some specific task is called a

Committee

7. What term describes a member of the team who argues for an alternative position, thereby encouraging team members to carefully consider alternative courses of action?

Devil's advocate

71. The most popular form of nonverbal communication, which is part of the sender, is called

body language

10. Which of the following refers to the phenomenon that occurs when cohesive "in-groups" let the desire for unanimity, or consensus, override sound judgment in generating and evaluating alternative courses of action?

groupthink

37. Benefits of employee empowerment include all of the following EXCEPT

increased work for leaders

83. Which of the following refers to all the materials a firm holds in storage for future use?

inventory

64. The stage in group development in which members begin to assert their roles, jockey for leadership, and make their thoughts and feelings known about the task is

storming

63. When a temporary group of employees is formed that is responsible for bringing about a particular change, it is called a

task force

91. Operations management is the "core" of most organizations because it is responsible for

the creation of the organization's products

1. Which of the following characteristics relates to a decision?

A choice made from alternative courses of action in order to deal with a problem

6. What is meant by brainstorming?

A technique in which group members spontaneously suggest ideas to solve a problem

14. What is the congruence model of change?

An outgrowth of the systems approach to organizational theory, emphasizes interrelationships

58. In group and team development, what is the storming stage?

Characterized by the emergence of individual personalities and roles and conflicts within the group.

55. According to social learning theory, all of the following are steps that must occur during the modeling process

attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation

8. The group decision technique designed to maximize the generation of creative alternatives to a problem is

brainstorming

76. What name is given to the principal means of controlling the availability and cost of financial resources?

budgeting

97. Which of the following seeks to regulate overall organizational functioning through reliance on informal, organic structural arrangements?

clan control

90. The first step in the production process is

determining consumer wants

52. Workers who have been laid off by major employers have probably shifted their motivational focus from

dont know

61. Which of the following alternatives best describes the purposes of most groups?

dont know

66. Your work team has been meeting for six months, and 90 percent of your time is now spent working on your eggbeater project. There is almost no conflict or dissent. Your group is

dont know

72. Research suggests that effective managers, compared to ineffective managers, tend to be

dont know

36. Professors, computer geniuses, mechanics, airline pilots, and ship captains supposedly have a lot of

expert power

77. What are budgets?

formal, written plans for future operations in financial terms

100. Which of the following is an advantage of management control?

helps an organization adapt to changing conditions, limits the magnification of errors, assists in dealing with increased complexity, and helps minimize costs

3. What is the administrative model of decision making?

includes the concepts of bounded rationality and satisficing and describes how managers make decision in situations that are characterized by uncertainty and ambiguity

96. What term describes processes that are developed to provide assurance that an organization reaches its objectives relating to operational efficiency, accuracy of financial reporting, and regulatory compliance?

internal control

74. The distinguishing characteristic of active listening as a communication process is that it requires

involves giving and receiving feedback concerning the information contained in the message - allows two-way communication

33. Which of the following characteristics relates to a servant leader?

leader who leads by example and forms strong relationships with employees

59. Which of the following characteristics relates to facilitators?

leaders who help the group overcome internal obstacles or difficulties so that it may achieve desired outcomes

84. What is just in time inventory management?

minimizes the number of units in inventory by providing an almost continuous flow of items from suppliers to the production facility

92. The goods, services, and ideas produced by a firm are collectively referred to as

outputs

20. At least one study of several hundred change agents has shown that the single most positive facilitator of a change program is

positive reinforcement?

46. What term describes the act of weakening or eliminating an undesired behavior by providing negative consequences?

punishment

17. Large-scale planned change that involves significantly altering how the firm operates is called

quantum change

88. Total productivity is

reflects all the inputs used to obtain an output(s)

13. What stabilizes the organization at a new state of behavioral equilibrium?

refreezing

65. The behaviors expected of a specific person in the group are referred to as

role

68. Which of the following refers to the person who wishes to relay or share particular information and meaning, and initiates the communication process?

sender

73. When a manager assumes that men are better at number-oriented tasks than women, he or she is engaging in the process of

stereotypes

39. Regarding gender and leadership, which of the following statement did the textbook indicate was true:

Male and female leaders generally do not differ in their use of task-oriented and people-oriented leadership.

51. Based on Maslow's hierarchy, a homeless person will most likely work toward fulfilling which of the following needs?

Physiological

23. Which of the following refers to a person's capacity to influence the behavior and attitudes of others?

Power

85. Which of the following characteristics relates to quality control?

The activities an organization undertakes to ensure that its products meet its established quality standards

82. Which of the following characteristics relates to purchasing?

The buying of all the materials needed by the organization; also known as procurement

2. Which of the following characteristics relates to certainty?

The condition that exists when decision-makers are fully informed about a problem, its alternative solutions, and its respective outcomes

4. Which of the following characteristics relates to bounded rationality?

The idea that people have limits to their rationality

22. What is leadership?

The process of influencing the activities of an individual or a group toward the achievement of a goal.

5. Which of the following characteristics relates to framing?

To view positively presented information favorably and negatively presented information unfavorably

35. What term describes a style that goes beyond mere exchange relationships by inspiring employees to look beyond their own self-interests and by generating awareness and acceptance of the group's purposes and mission?

Transformational leadership

11. Which of the following characteristics relates to organizational change?

Any modification in the behaviors or ideas of an organization or its units

87. Which of the following is a factor commonly considered when determining a facility location?

1. Cost considerations 2. Customer service expectations 3. Location of customer or supply markets

48. Which of the following characteristics relates to a compressed work week?

A four-day (or shorter) period in which an employee works 40 hours.

47. What is flextime?

A work schedule that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times as long as they are at work during a specified time period.

43. What is meant by behavior modification?

An application of reinforcement theory that involves change in behavior and encouraging appropriate actions by relating the consequences of behavior to the behavior itself

40. Which of the following characteristics relates to motivation?

An inner drive that directs behavior toward goals

28. Which of the following refers to an organizationally based source of power derived from a leader's control over punishments or the capacity to deny rewards?

Coercive power

89. Which of the following refers to the activities an organization undertakes to ensure that its products meet its established standards?

Conformance

60. Which of the following refers to adherence to the group's norms, values, and goals?

Conformity

15. Which of the following is an example of an external force that may affect an organization?

Economic environment Legal environment Competitive environment Technological environment Social environment Global environment

16. Which of the following is an example of an internal force that may affect an organization?

Employees

29. What term describes power or influence derived from a person's special knowledge or expertise in a particular area?

Expert power

12. What term describes a transition period during which the behaviors of the organization or department are shifted to a new level?

Moving

94. The operations manager is concerned with all activities directly related to

Operations function consists of all activities that directly relate to producing goods or providing services. It is responsible for the creation of organizations goods and services. It involves conversion of inputs into outputs (value added)

27. Which of the following characteristics relates to reward power?

Organizational power that stems from a person's ability to bestow rewards

25. What name is given to a person's ability to satisfy or deny satisfaction of another's need, based on an interpersonal relationship between individuals or on his or her personal characteristics?

Personal power

30. What name is given to personal power that results when one person identifies with and admires another?

Referent power

31. What is meant by charisma?

The ability to inspire admiration, respect, loyalty, and a desire to emulate, based on some intangible set of personality traits.

44. Which of the following characteristics relates to positive reinforcement?

The act of strengthening a desired behavior by rewarding it or providing other positive outcomes.

26. What is meant by legitimate power?

The influence that comes from a person's formal position in an organization and the authority that accompanies that position.

34. Which of the following refers to a more traditional approach in which managers engage in both task- and consideration-oriented behaviors in an exchange manner?

Transactional leadership

99. What focuses on the social, environmental, and economic impact of a company's operations equally and simultaneously?

Triple bottom line approach

45. Which of the following refers to the act of strengthening a desired behavior by allowing individuals to avoid negative consequences by performing the behavior?

avoidance

98. Which of the following refers to a management control system customized for a company's industry, technology, mission, and strategy?

balanced scorecard

19. Which of the following is a strategy that managers often apply in attempting to overcome resistance to change?

employee participation (others are edu. and comm., managerial support, negotiation, manipulation, co-optation, coercion)

57. What name is given to the stage when group members meet for the first time or two, become acquainted, and familiarize themselves with the group's task?

forming stage

56. What term describes the tendency of some individuals to perform at less than their optimum in groups, relying instead on others to carry their share of the workload?

free riding

93. Relative to the cost of the inputs, the ultimate objective for most organizations is for the outputs to have

greater value

18. In the change analogy elephant and the rider, the elephant represents which of the following:

impulse

75. Which of the following best describes management control?

includes all activities an organization undertakes to ensure that its actions lead to achievement of its objectives

78. What shows the profitability of an organization over a period of time—a month, a quarter, or a year—and helps managers focus on the organization's overall revenues and the costs incurred in generating those revenues?

income statement

80. Which of the following refers to resources such as labor, money, materials, information, or energy that are transformed by a process to become an output?

input

49. Which of the following refers to a working arrangement whereby two employees do one job?

job sharing

41. Which of the following refers to the sum total of employees' attitudes toward their jobs, employer, and colleagues?

morale

21. Which of the following has been shown to be most effective in assuring a change project is successfully completed:

not sure

81. What is meant by supply chain management?

occurs when managers connect all members of the distribution system to satisfy customers; is an important component of operations

24. What term describes a person's ability to satisfy or deny satisfaction of another's need, based on a formal contractual relationship between an organization and the individual?

organizational power

50. Maslow's hierarchy shows

people are motivated by unmet needs that are activated in a particular order. The lower order needs take priority and must be fulfilled before higher needs are activated.

70. In general, the process of communication is

process of sending and receiving messages that enables humans to share information

95. Because of the view that operations were limited to the manufacture of physical goods, historically, it was known as

production management or manufacturing

79. What is operations management?

the development and administration of the activities involved in transforming resources into goods and services

69. Effective communication is defined as sending a message in such a way that

the message received is as close in meaning as possible to the message intended

67. Which of the following best describes communication?

the process through which information and meaning are transferred from one person to another

86. Which of the following refers to a management view that strives to create a customer-centered culture that defines quality for the organization and lays the foundation for activities aimed at attaining quality-related goals?

total quality management

38. Transformational leaders generally display which of the following characteristics?

uses charisma to inspire employees, communicates a shared vision, promotes change, strong support for an ethical culture

53. In expectancy theory, each potential outcome has a value or importance to the individual, which is called

valence

54. When an employee sees somebody performing a certain behavior and imitates him or her, this is called

vicarious learning

9. While intuitive decision making is not based on formal analysis or conscious reasoning, it often has a very real basis in

years of practice and experience