MGMT FINAL
The Occupational Health and Safety Act of 1970
+Most comprehensive piece of workplace safety legislation +Authorized federal government to establish and enforce occupational and health standards for all places of employment engaging in interstate commerce . +Responsibility for inspecting, applying standards, and levying fines assigned to DOL +DHHS conducts research to determining criteria for specific operations or occupations, training for employers to comply with OSHA.
The Equal Pay Act of 1963
- Requires that men and women performing equal jobs receive equal pay - Outlaws discrimination in pay, benefits, and pension based on gender -
Total Quality Management (TQM)
A cooperative form of doing business that relies on the talents and capabilities of all employees (management and non-management) to continually improve quality and productivity.
Tamara complains that her male colleagues often tell dirty jokes in front of her, make offensive sexual comments about her physical appearance, and touch her inappropriately during the workday. This is an example of _____________.
A hostile work environment
Claire is an unmarried woman who just found out she is pregnant with her first child. Which of the following is correct?
Claire's employer says she is not eligible for maternity benefits because she is now considered disabled
Legality
Do my selection measures adhere to existing laws and legal precedents
According to Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior, attitudes, intentions, and behaviors are always in perfect alignment.
False
safety awareness program
First step: •Identifying and communicating hazards Second step: +Reinforcing safe practices Third step: +Cultural differences make this difficult (especially around gender, masculinity, race, ethnicity, age and power in the workplace)
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Forbids discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin
At the EXM Corporation, a consumer electronics manufacturer, all of the activities in the HRM function are fully integrated into all phases of the company's strategic management process. This is an example of which level of integration of HRM into the strategic management process?
Integrative Linkage
strategy implementation
Organization follows through on strategy
Which of the following is an important change that is projected in the demographics and diversity of the workforce in the United States?
The average age of the workforce will increase
At Regal Company, employees and teams had higher performance, greater job satisfaction, and increased organizational commitment when their managers showed ________ behaviors.
Theory Y
Affirmative Action
This was conceived as a way of making extra effort to attract employees from underrepresented groups on college campuses, advertising in publications whose audiences are underrepresented groups, and providing educational training and opportunities to members of underrepresented groups
Why would an organization use benchmarking?
To compete for talent
The Civil Rights Act of 1991 adds a financial incentive for compliance with anti-discrimination laws by allowing benefits to sue for both compensatory and punitive damages
True
Otto, the CEO of a company, appraises his managers based on how well they empower their employees. Which of the following managers is Otto likely to rate the highest in this regard?
Yao, who assigns responsibilities to his subordinates and only interviews when there is a need.
The ___________ theory describes the conditions when the benefits of higher pay outweigh higher costs.
efficiency wage
HR leaders at the Hillsboro Corporation need to evaluate the effectiveness of the company's compensation system, in terms of the perceived fairness of the system from the perspective of employees. The company assesses employee perceptions of the pay and other outcomes they receive given the amount of time and effort they put into their jobs compared to how comparison workers see these issues. This is an example of using __________ theory.
equity
The main provision of the Occupational Safety and Health Act states that each employer should furnish each employee a place of employment free from recognized hazards that cause or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm. This is referred to as the _________________________.
general duty clause
Martha worked for a marketing company with a casual atmosphere and informal culture. The company declared bankruptcy. Martha can't wait to find a similar position. In the past, she worked for companies with a more traditional and formal structure. She now has a new job in a bank. Martha dresses differently, puts in longer hours, and studies at home to better understand the bank's services. She is exhibiting ________ intelligence.
practical
A financial services firm administered a leadership assessment questionnaire to all job applicants for a management trainee job and then correlated scores on this test with the job performance of those who were hired one year later. This is an example of an assessment of _______________.
predictive validity
Ever since Damien interned at an accounting firm the summer after his freshman year of college, he's wanted to become a CPA working at a large firm. Now, several years later after graduating from college, passing the CPA exam, and working at medium-sized firm, he's been offered a job at a large national firm with the potential to become a partner in five years. Which of the five needs from Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs has Damien attained?
self-actualization
work samples
•Attempt to simulate the job in a pre-hiring context to observe how applicants perform
Physical Ability Tests
•Many jobs still require certain physical abilities or psychomotor abilities •Needed to predict performance and reduce risk/liability of injury/death
differentiation strategy
•Product is different from others in the industry •Creative and cooperative management approach •Ambiguous roles
Interviews
•Research shows they are unreliable, low in validity, biased, and costly. •Subjectivity and unconscious bias in the interview process can lead to legal issues
risk mitigation clause
•The chance (probability) that the hazard could cause harm and how serious that harm could be.
A national retail clothing company has been hiring only white cis-gender male sales associates between the ages of 18 and 26 (all other applicants have been turned away) because its executives believe doing so its consistent with its brand image (e.g. youthful, preppy). In what form of discrimination is this company engaging?
Disparate Treatment
Which of the following statements is true of the strategic implementation stage of the strategic management process?
During this stage, an organization follows through on a strategy chosen in the strategy formulation stage.
Which of the following is true about pay?
Employees attach great importance to pay decisions when they evaluate their relationship with the organization.
Gabe has a supervisor who supports his work and understands his needs. He is rewarded for meeting his sales goals, but his salary isn't fair compared to those with the same job description and experience level. He also feels he puts more work into following up with sales leads than his colleagues. Gabe is lacking in what model of job satisfaction?
Equity
An employer administers a key personality test to all job applicants in the initial application process and then again at the final interview. It was found that scores on the personality test are very consistent with each other. This is an example of a selection test that meets the legality standard.
False
At WalMart, performance feedback is only given once a year during the annual performance review.
False
Evidence should never be used to make a decision, only to inform or support one.
False
Experiencing boredom inhibits the creativity process.
False
Job interviews are both a valid and reliable method of personnel selection.
False
Performance feedback should focus on the person, and not their behavior or results.
False
Which of the following observations is true about equity theory?It suggests that people evaluate the fairness of their situations by comparing them with those of others.
It suggests that people evaluate the fairness of their situations by comparing them with those of others.
At MegaRetailer, Inc., management's perspective is that employees dislike work, must be heavily monitored and that workers can only be motivated with rewards and punishments. Which theory best exemplifies MegaRetalier's perspective on employee motivation?
McGregor's Theory X
The ___________ authorized the federal government to establish and enforce occupational safety and health standards for all places of employment engaging in interstate commerce.
Occupational Safety and Health Act
The ___________ is the average compensation, including wages, salaries, and bonuses, of jobs in an organization.
Pay level
Which of the following compensation programs would best describe Lincoln Electric's compensation program, which you learned about in the video from Dr. Delerey's lecture?
Piece-rate work and profit sharing
performance management system
Process or system through which managers ensure employees' activities and outcomes are congruent with the organization's goals
Americans with Disabilities Act 1990
Prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all employment practices such as job application procedures, hiring, firing, compensation, promotions, training, advertising, recruitment, tenure, layoff, leave, fringe benefits.
The Civil Rights Act of 1991
Prohibits discrimination same as Title VII, plus applies to Section 1981 of employment discrimination cases; enforced by EEOC Provides right to trial by jury on discrimination claims Expanded rights of women to sue and collect compensatory and punitive damages for sexual discrimination or harassment Compensatory damages: future pecuniary loss, emotional pain, suffering, and loss of enjoyment of life. Punitive damages: meant to discourage employers from discrimination by providing payments to plaintiff beyond the actual damages suffered. - Adds financial incentive for compliance
________ places a special obligation on an employer to affirmatively do something to suit an individual's disability or religion.
Reasonable Accommodation
The ____________________________ imposes criminal penalties for corporate governing and accounting lapses.
Sarbanes-Oxley Act
strategy formulation
Strategic planning groups decide on strategy
The __________ refers to the systematic planned strategic effort by a company to use bundles of human relations management (HRM) practices to attract, retain, develop, and motivate highly skilled employees and managers.
Talent Management
sustainability
The ability of a company to make profit without sacrificing the resources of its employees, community, and the environment. Considers long-term impact of strategies on stakeholders.
Abusive supervision is the sustained display of hostile verbal and nonverbal behavior by managers.
True
An "Employee of the Month" parking space by the front door of a business would be considered a corporate artifact.
True
Conflict is the energy created by the perceived gap between what we want and what we're experiencing.
True
Dr. Matthews was hired in at Spartan Healthcare because he is one of only four doctors in the nation that can perform a specialized type of heart surgery. He also is on faculty in the medical school and gives advice to other medical professionals. Dr. Matthews is considered to have expert power.
True
Emotions change over time and from situation to situation; therefore, they can be altered more easily.
True
Gainsharing plans encompass more than just a monetary component.
True
Garbage and recycling collectors are more likely to die at work than police officers.
True
High-impact HR costs more per employee but ultimately saves money by reducing turnover and increasing levels of employee engagement.
True
Hiring women to serve as personal attendants in the women's locker room of a health club would most likely be considered as a bona fide occupational qualification.
True
In determining employee pay, communication and participation of all workers is important.
True
Interviews will have higher content validation if experience-based questions are used.
True
Merit pay has the ability to define and reward a broad range of performance dimensions.
True
Motivation explains why we do the things we do.
True
Open source and maker approaches allow innovation to occur.
True
Our guest speaker this week from Tyson Foods, Simeon Hinsey, says that the most effective strategy for getting jobs and internships is networking. He argues that it's not only about your skill set, but who you know
True
Quality specialists at the Mountain Top Poultry collected data on the different types of errors in the chicken slaughter and evisceration process and plotted them in a bar chart showing the relative frequency of these different performance errors, listing the causes of errors in decreasing importance. This is an example of a Pareto analysis.
True
Relatively flexible individual differences (IDs) include attitudes and emotions, and managers can help manage these differences.
True
Senior Living Company has contracted with Truck to Go to handle all of its employee relocation services to enable its company's HR department to focus on other critical activities. This is an example of outsourcing
True
Standard & Cramer is planning to downsize Management sees a positive outcome being the opportunity to change company culture
True
Walmart has used a cost leadership strategy to become the largest company in the world
True
disparate impact
When a facially neutral employment practice disproportionately excludes a protected group from employment opportunities
The extent to which performance on a measure is deemed to be satisfactory or adequate by those who use it is known as its _____________________.
acceptability
The three components of attitudes include:
affective, cognitive, behavioral
Behavioral approach to performance management
analysis of incidents of effective and ineffective job performance or competencies that enable employees to perform their jobs.
Reliability and Validity
are related in that for a measure to be valid, it must be reliable
goals
are what it hopes to achieve in the medium- to long-term future; they reflect how the mission will be operationalized.
concurrent validation
assesses the validity of a test by administering it to people already on the job and correlating it with existing measures of their job performance.
Our guest speakers, Molly Himmelberg and Simeon Hinsey, began their careers in _______ before pivoting to corporate roles.
athletics
talent management
attracting, retaining, developing, and motivating highly skilled employees using a bundle of HRM practices
________ is the extent to which a job enables an individual to experience freedom, independence, and discretion.
autonomy
Companies engaged in a differentiation strategy require employees to ________.
be willing to take risks
You are unlikely to say anything to someone smoking on your smoke-free campus if you have no intention of confronting the smoker. Your intention reflects the __________ component of your attitude toward people smoking on campus.
behavioral
The three key elements of equity theory are outputs, inputs, and a(n) ___________.
comparison of the ratio of outputs to inputs.
The Right Fit. Incorporated has come up with a new technical test to assess the knowledge of job applicants. To assess the validity of the test, they request that present employees take the new technical test and correlate it with their job performance. Which of the following types of validation has The Right Fit Incorporated used to test the validity of its new technical test?
concurrent validation
Apple has pursued a _______________ by creating an impression that their product is different than others in the industry, creating a distinct brand image, and offering unique features in their products.
differentiation strategy
Ergon Incorporated, a high-end bakery, has a large production facility that employs 1,000 workers. The company recently filled 200 job openings. As a part of evaluating applicants, the company administered the same tests and used the same standards for evaluating all job applicants. Despite this, an analysis of the company's hiring data reveal that women applicants were hired at a much lower rate than male applicants. This is an example of ____________________.
disparate impact
Senior management at ELZ Corporation an athletic shoe manufacturer, has hired you as a consultant to help them develop a strategy to enhance the ability to be efficient and minimize costs in a highly competitive and price-sensitive industry. When meeting with management, the CEO asks you about the possibility of pursuing a lean-thinking strategy and what it attempts to do. Your response should be that when a company participates in lean thinking. It evaluates current practices to:
do more with less effort, time, space and equipment
Owen leads a team tasked with developing a client-tracking system. He is nervous and worried, afraid that he won't be promoted if this assignment doesn't go well. Jack, a team member, is relaxed, unworried, and secure in feeling they have all the necessary resources and talents to make this work. Jack is likely to score high on __________.
emotional stability.
In the encounter phase of organizational socialization,
employees' values, skills, and attitudes start to shift as the new recruit discovers what the organization is truly like.
__________ focuses on the link between rewards and behaviors and emphasizes anticipated rewards.
expectancy theory
Sales representatives at the Saratoga Corporation are highly motivated because they feel that they can be successful, and they see high job performance as being rewarded with outcomes they value. This explanation of worker motivation is best explained by _________ theory.
expectancy theory?
When Jackson exceeds his sales goal for the month, he will get a 20 percent bonus along with recognition in the monthly corporate newsletter. This is an example of which type of motivation?
extrinsic motivation
Spatial intelligence is likely to be most valuable to a ______________.
fighter pilot
Tyson Foods produces approximately one in _______ pounds of beef, chicken, and pork in the United States.
five
Baby Cakes, a new bakery in Fayetteville, is attempting to maximize profits but knows the company cannot change too much for cakes and pastries in this market. As the company explores locations, the owner notes rent, property taxes, and parking costs. These are examples of ___________________________ costs.
fixed
Results approach to performance management
focuses on achieving goals which are specified using business-based metrics
Attribute approach to performance management
focuses on characteristics and traits believed desirable for company success
Quality approach to performance management
goal is improving customer satisfaction
_____ refers to the policies, practices, and systems that influence employees' behavior, attitudes, and performance.
human resources management
During the strategy ________ phase of the strategic management process, the company follows through on the chosen strategy.
implementation
________ might be any attempt to control or manipulate the images related to a person, organization, or idea.
impression management
Comparative approach to performance management
includes alternation ranking and forced distribution techniques
Which of the following is not a situation that commonly produces workplace conflict?
individual needs being met
Which of the following is the most fixed of a person's individual differences?
intelligence
Research shows that __________ are unreliable, low in validity, biased, costly, subjective, and can lead to legal issues.
interviews
strategic choice
is the organization's strategy and describes the way the organization will attempt to fulfill its mission and achieve long-term goals.
Albert Smith is a safety engineer at KTZ Manufacturing. One of his monthly tasks is to evaluate and rate the basic elements of every job in the company on its potential for harm or injury. Roberto is using the ____________.
job hazards analysis technique
The amount an organization must pay to compete against other companies that hire similar employees is referred to as _____________.
labor market competition
The Star Corporation is a biotech company that engages in a lot of research and development, conducts research to identify improvements in product or service quality, trains workers on associated best practices, and then conducts ongoing meetings to pinpoint specific, takeaways for future improvements in their work process. The company is an example of a(n) ______________________.
learning organization
Jason is responsible for conducting the annual performance evaluations for his subordinates. Even though he has observed that some of his subordinates performed poorly throughout the year, he decided to give everyone high performance ratings regardless of their performance. This is an illustration of ________.
leniency
Sofia has been putting in a lot of overtime. Her supervisor keeps telling her that she will be rewarded. To date, Sofia has seen no change in her status or pay. This reflects a _______.
low instrumentality
A(n) _______ is suitable for an organization with a culture that promotes individual competition.
merit pay plan
Company Z has a pay policy that provides annual pay raises for their employees based on each employee's supervisor appraisal of his/her performance. This type of pay policy is known as which of the following?
merit pay program
Carlos works at Tyner Construction Company as an assistant project manager. His manager assured him that if his projects came in on time and under budget, he would be promoted within a year. At nine months, Carlo is promoted to project manager. This is an example of _________________.
met expectations
To provide excellent customer service to those in the electrical industry through the use of high-tech solutions is an example of ______________________.
mission
Alexia, one of your employees, always seems to be "taking it easy", often ignores problems as they arise, and rarely takes action on her own. It is like that Alexia is _________.
not a proactive personality.
Senior management at the Longwell Corporation formulated its strategic plan independently then informed HR leaders of the specifics of the plan this is an example of a(n) _____________ linkage.
one-way
Mason is highly satisfied with his job. He receives consistently strong evaluations and volunteers to train new employees. Mason exhibits positive job performance and
organizational citizenship behavior.
________________ is the extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and commits to its goals.
organizational commitment
Extroversion, adjustment, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience are the dimensions of _____________.
personality inventories
A telecommunication firm hires a large number of customer service representatives for its call center. Angela Robinson, an applicant with a physical disability that limits the use of her arms and hands, applied for one of the customer service representative jobs. Angela met all of the basic qualifications for the job, but she requested the employer provide her with a voice-activated technology application so she can perform her job without use of her arms and hands. The employer agreed to do this and she was hired. This is an example of _________________________.
reasonable accommodation
What is the last phase of the mentoring process?
redefinition
One's reputation is an example of ________ power.
referent
The primary purpose of _________ behaviors is to enhance employees' skills and to create positive work relationships among coworkers and between the leader and his or her employees.
relationship-oriented
As part of the selection process, an employer uses a personality test that produces consistent results when it's administered over time and in different contexts this is an example of a _____________________ selection method.
reliable
general duty clause
requires employers to be constantly alert for potential sources of harm in the workplace and to correct them
The ____________ rater error is when individuals who are like us in race, gender, age, background, interests, beliefs, and the like receive higher performance ratings than those who are not.
similar to me
One of the major findings of goal-setting research is that the best goals are those that are:
specific and measurable
A company's competitiveness is related to their ability to satisfy the needs of ________________, which include workers, the community, customers, stockholders, and the environment.
stakeholders
The goal of __________________ in an organization is to deploy and allocate resources in a way that provides the company with a competitive advantage.
strategic management
Gessen Leatherworks is a large manufacturer of handbags, wallets, and other small leather accessories. It has always lagged behind its closest competitor, Odin Leather Goods. Gessen Leatherworks plans to overtake Odin Leather Goods by leveraging its strength in Women's handbags and entering markets in the US Midwest that it had traditionally ignored. Gessen Leatherworks is in the __________ phase of strategic management.
strategy formulation
A ______________ rating on performance is used in merit pay programs.
supervisor's
COMPX, a major computer hardware manufacturer has been working to update its strategic plan so that it reflects an emphasis on achieving superior results in terms of the triple bottom line or economic, social, and environmental benefits. In doing so the COMPX business is seen as:
sustainable
human capital
tacit knowledge, education, work-related know-how, work-related competence
Wendy is a large-scale project manager. She can break down a project into its component parts, create the project timelines, and ensure that milestones are met. Wendy is much more focused on end results than specific roles or the overall mission of the organization. This is an example of ________ leadership.
task-oriented
A fitness company administers a series of physical ability tests as part of its hiring process for personal trainers. Because the company wants to make sure it gets good data from each applicant, they administer the test at the beginning of the interview and then one hour later, comparing the scores on the test to see if they are consistent with each other. This is an example of the assessment of ____________________.
test-retest reliability
An investment banking firm found that an analytical skills selection test it had been using to hire financial associates actually helped the firm to obtain more major clients and increase the revenue and profitability of the firm. This is an example of a selection test that possesses ____________________.
utility
A financial services firm administers a logical-reasoning skills test for all applicants to fill business analyst positions. Based on an evaluation of this test, it was found that the logical-reasoning test does an excellent job of predicting the future job performance of business analysts. This result shows that the logical-reasoning skills test possesses ___________________.
validity
____________ is the extent to which a measure assesses all the relevant, and only the relevant, aspects of job performance.
validity
_________ are relatively stable and can stem from our parents' beliefs, our experiences in childhood and throughout life, and our religious, spiritual, or ethical beliefs.
values
variable costs
which are those costs that vary directly with the units produced.
The High Performance Work System
work systems that maximize the fit between employees (social system) and technology (technical system)
Wesley's boss at the Chuck Wagon restaurant expects that he will stay late to clean up the bar areas on Friday and Saturday nights. However, Wesley needs to be home to take over babysitting from his wife, who works a night shift. This is a _____________________.
work-life conflict
content validation
•A test-validation strategy performed by demonstrating that the items, questions, or problems posed by a test are a representative sample of the kinds of situations or problems that occur on the job.
Disparate Treatment
•A theory of discrimination based on different treatment given to individuals because of their race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, or disability status.
Integrative Linkage
•Based on continuous, not sequential, interaction •HRM executive member of senior management team - HRM built into strategy formulation & implementation process •HRM involved in both strategy formulation and strategy implementation
Generalizability
•Degree to which validity of a selection method established in one context extends to other contexts.
cognitive abilities
•Differentiate individuals based on their mental capacities •Includes three dimensions: 1.Verbal comprehension: capacity to use and understand written and spoken language 2.Quantitative ability: speed and accuracy in solving arithmetic 3.Reasoning ability: capacity to invent solutions to problems
Validity
•Extent to which performance on the measure assesses all the relevant—and only the relevant—aspects of job performance. •A measure must be reliable if it's going to be valid. A measure can be reliable but not valid.
Two-Way Linkage
•HR issues considered during strategy formulation •3 Steps: •1. Strategic planning team informs HR of various strategies under consideration •2. HRM analyzes HR implications of various strategies & presents to strategic planning team •3. Decision about strategic plan made and passed on to HRM to implement it
strategic management
•Having the goal to deploy and allocate resources for competitive advantage
integrity tests
•Honesty tests might ask such questions as: •Have you ever covered for a co-worker who did something dishonest, like leaving early? •Have you ever taken office supplies for use at home?
Administrative Linkage
•Lowest level •HRM focused on day-to-day only (traditional HR admin tasks like payroll)
Reasonable Accommodation
•Making facilities readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities. Places a special obligation on employers to affirmatively do something to accommodate an individual's disability or religion.
One-Way Linkage
•Strategic plan informs HRM function •Company doesn't consider HR issues while formulating strategic plan
Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA)
•The FMLA entitles eligible employees of covered employers to take unpaid, job-protected leave for specified family and medical reasons with continuation of group health insurance coverage under the same terms and conditions as if the employee had not taken leave. Eligible employees are entitled to: •Twelve workweeks of leave in a 12-month period for: +the birth of a child and to care for the newborn child within one year of birth; +the placement with the employee of a child for adoption or foster care and to care for the newly placed child within one year of placement; +to care for the employee's spouse, child, or parent who has a serious health condition; +a serious health condition that makes the employee unable to perform the essential functions of his or her job; +any qualifying exigency arising out of the fact that the employee's spouse, son, daughter, or parent is a covered military member on "covered active duty;" or •Twenty-six work weeks of leave during a single 12-month period to care for a covered servicemember with a serious injury or illness if the eligible employee is the servicemember's spouse, son, daughter, parent, or next of kin (military caregiver leave).
Reliability
•The consistency of a performance measure; the degree to which the performance measure is free from random error (𝜖)
Utility
•The degree to which the information provided by selection methods enhances the effectiveness of selecting personnel in workplace organizations.
fixed costs
•are generally considered the costs that are incurred regardless of the number of units produced.
test-retest reliability
•how do scores on one measure at one time relate to scores on the same measure at a different time
mission
•is a statement of the organization's reason for being; it usually specifies the customers served, the needs satisfied and/or the values received by the customers, and the technology used.
predictive validation
•seeks to establish an empirical relationship between applicants' test scores and their eventual performance on the job.