MGMT LS 2

the term "____" was originally defined by Weber as a formal system of organization and administration designed to ensure efficiency and effectiveness

bureaucracy

fayol's principle of ____ pertains to justice , impartiality , fairness , and respect due each member of an organization in the workplace

equity

an important factor in an organization's _____ environment that affects an organization's ability to obtain resources is the degree to which the environment is changing

external

(T/F) in an organic structure , supervisors make all important decisions , and employees are supervised closely and follow well-designed rules and standard operating procedures . in contrast , in a mechanistic structure , authority is decentralized and managers are encouraged to take responsibility to act quickly to pursue scarce resources

false (vice versa)

which management theorist suggests drawing up agreements between organizations and employees to ensure that employees are treated fairly and are being rewarded for good performance ?

fayol

according to the contingency theory , the characteristics of the organizational environment affect

how managers lead and motivate their employees the type of control system chosen how managers design the organization hierarchy

frederick w taylor's scientific management theory , from a performance , point combined two management practices

job specialization and linking people to tasks by production line speed

theory Y

approach where the manager fosters employee commitment to organizational goals and give employees opportunities to innovate and show initiative ?

according to fayol , _____ should not be concentrated at the top of the chain of command

authority

the power to hold people accountable for their actions and to make decisions concerning the use of organizational resources

authority

according to fayol's principle of unity of command , subordinates report to no more than ____ supervisor(s) ; other reporting arrangements would confused workers

1

principles developed by frederick w taylor to increase efficiency in the workplace ?

1) codify the new methods of performing tasks into written rules and standard operating procedures 2) establish an acceptable level of performance for a task and develop a pay stem that rewards performance 3) select workers who possess skills and abilities match the needs of the task and train them on the rules 4) study the way workers perform their tasks and experiment with ways to improve how tasks are performed

weber's third principle of bureaucracy helps clarify for managers and workers what is expected of them and what to expect from each other by clearly specifying the tasks and level of formal _____ associated with various positions in the organization

authority

fayol's principle of ____ gives managers the informal power to use their personal expertise , technical knowledge , and moral worth in order to lead their subordinates to commit to the organization

authority and responsibility

(T/F) an open system draws from and interacts with its external environment in order to survive , whereas a closed system is self-contained and does not draw from or interact with the external environment

true

esprit de corps

when managers encourage staff to develop comradeships as a result of their common goals , and when managers bond with each other as they solve organizational problems

frederick w taylor believed that if the amount of time and effort each worker exerts to produce a good or service can be reduced by increasing specialization in the division of ____ the production process will become more efficient

labor

tenure

length of employment

fayol was known for his many contributions to management theory, but one of his claims to fame was to be the first to

limit the length of the chain of command

the benefits of scientific management include which of the follow management practices ?

linking people and tasks by the speed of the production line achieving the right mix of worker-task specialization

one focus of the _____ theory is that managers must use rigorous quantitative techniques in order to make maximum use of organizational resources to produce goods and services

management science

organic structures are generally more expensive to operate because they require more

managerial time and effort

critical messages of the contingency theory include

managers choose their organizational structures and control systems based on the external environment there is no one best way to organize

tracy felt a complete lack of freedom and creativity when the ____ structure was put in place , making management more centralized , rules more daunting , and supervision much more confining . her manager explained the new structure was developed to better create stability

mechanistic

when they were unable to inspire workers to accept the new scientific management techniques for performing tasks , managers increased the ____ of tasks , such as using an assembly line , to combat the loss in productivity

mechanization

what describes what workers experienced as a result of selective implementation of scientific management ?

monotonous and repetitive work fewer jobs and more layoffs increased workloads for the same pay

in bureaucratic systems , ____ are defined as unwritten informal codes of conduct that prescribe how people should act in particular situations and that are considered important by most members o the group or organization

norms

the elements of discipline include

obedience , energy , respect for authority

the degree of change in the external environment is important , especially in media-related fields ; for example , the creation of a new product may mean the ____ of an older , competing product

obsolescence

systems theorists believe that when departments work together , synergy is created that allows them to achieve more together , than separately . this is of special interest to researchers studying the ____ systems view because they are interested in how the various parts of a system work together to increase efficiency and effectiveness

open

the set of forces and conditions that are external to an organization's boundaries , but that affect a manager's ability to purchase and used resources referred to as the _____ environment

organizational

what are the two factors that are examined in the administrative management theory when trying to create an organization that is highly efficient and effective ?

organizational structure and control systems

during the ____ stage , an organization releases finished goods and services to the external environment

output

if something transpires between an employee and a manager because it was written in a company manual or on a company website for all employees to follow, this exemplifies a ____ for an action to be taken in a particular circumstance in order to achieve a specific goal

rule

according to f.w. taylor _____ management is the systematic study of relationships between people and tasks for the purpose of redesigning the work process to increase efficiency

scientific

frederick w taylor is best known for defining the techniques of _____ management

scientific management

an organization that lacks a unity of direction does not have a ____ plan , which , according to fayol , leads to an organization that is inefficient , ineffective , unfocused , and working at cross purposes

single

who partnered with Burns to identify the two ways managers can organize and control an organization's activities (through mechanistic/organic structure)

stalker

the gain in performance that results when individuals and departments coordinate their actions

synergy

human relations

the approach suggest that managers be behaviorally trained to engder employee cooperation and productivity

SOPs , rules , and norms are important in a bureaucratic system because

they guide performance by specifying the best ways to accomplish tasks

hawthorne effect

this approach suggests that managers' leadership approach can affect employee performance; therefore , employee attitude towards managers impacts their work performance

carefully timing and recording the actions taken to perform a particular task is known as

time and motion studies

what should be the goal of reward systems ?

to be fair to the employees to be feasible for the organization to implement

what are key goals of management science theory

to help managers make maximum use of resources to produce goods and services to use rigorous quantitative techniques to help make important decisions about use of resources

behavioral management is the study of how managers should personally behave

to motivate employees to be committed to organizational goals to encourage employees to perform at high levels

groups and teams can cooperate with management to raise performance or thwart any attempts to do so. therefore , as the hawthrone studies suggested , it is important to understand that the feelings , thoughts , and behaviors of which two groups can affect performance ?

work group members management

when a closed system can no longer sustain itself , its tendency to dissolve and disintegrate is called

entropy

when individual workers begin to focus particular tasks , a division of labor takes place called

job specialization

theories of management (oldest to most recent)

1) scientific 2) administrative 3) behavioral 4) management science 5) organizational environment

a system that is self-contained and, thus, not affect by changes occurring in its external environment is knows as a

closed system

during which stage does an organization transform inputs into outputs of finished goods and services ?

conversion

Ellie Rollin's manager had been in a horrendous mood since the third quarter report came out. no matter what she does, the feedback from her manager is discouraging. according to the hawthorne effect , ellie's work performance is likely to

decrease

according to the assumptions of theory X , managers believe that workers

do not like work do not have ambition want to do as little as possible

innovation and creativity could not occur within organizations if employees didn't take ____ by trying something new

initiative

during the first stage , referred as the ____ stage , an organization acquires resources

input

three stages in an open system

input conversion output

fayol suggested that workers be give more ______ in order to counteract the boredom that many workers feel that can arise from too much nonspecializing

job duties

a system that takes in resources from its external environment and coverts them into goods and services that are then sent back to that environment for purchase by customers is an

open system

what organizational structure promotes collaboration among employees and loosely defined roles with responsibilities ?

organic

which type of structure reacts more quickly to changing environment ?

organic

a more open organizational structure in which authority is decentralized to middle and first line managers and tasks and roles are left ambiguous to encourage employees to cooperate and respond quickly to the unexpected

organic structure

fayol suggested companies use ____ charts as a method of providing order and structure in an organization

organizational