MGT 1600 pt 2

can sue for defamation

"References Etc" will pose as a prospective employer, call a prior employer on an employee's behalf, and find out what the former employer is saying. If the prior employer provides unsubstantiated negative information, then the job applicant ____.

Motivating with the Basics

1-Start by asking people what their needs are 2-Satisfy lower-order needs first 3-Expect peoples needs to change 4-As needs change and lower-order needs are satisfied, create opportunities for employees to satisfy higher-order needs

Needs satisfaction

-A person's unmet need creates an uncomfortable, internal state of tension that must be resolved. -People are motivated by unmet needs -Managers must learn what those unmet needs are, and address them. -Once a need is met, it no longer motivates.

A popular alternative to graphic rating scales is the

-Behavior Observation Scale (BOS) -requires raters to rate the frequency with which workers perform specific behaviors representative of the job dimensions that are critical to successful job performance

Why do American consumers get more for their moneythan most other consumers in the world?

-The U.S. marketplace is easiest for foreign companies to enter: Some U.S. industries, such as textiles, have been heavily protected from foreign competition through many trade barriers. But, for the most part, American consumers (and businesses) have had plentiful choices among American-made and foreign-made products. -Competitive market between domestic and foreign companies keeps prices low: is precisely this lack of choice, and the low level of competition, that keeps prices higher in countries that have not been as open to foreign companies and products.

Downsizing

-The planned elimination of jobs in a company. -May actually decrease productivity and lead to loss of skilled workers.

Motivating with Goal-Setting Theory

1.Assign employees specific, challenging goals 2.Make sure workers truly accept organizational goals 3.Provide frequent, specific, performance-related feedback

Schedules for Delivering Reinforcement

1.Continuous 2.Intermittent -fixed interval -variable interval -fixed ratio -variable ratio

Motivating with Equity Theory

1.Start by looking for and correcting major inequities 2.Reduce employees' inputs 3.Make sure decision-making processes are fair -distributive justice -procedural justice

Wholly owned affiliates (build or buy)

100 percent owned by the parent company. However, three trends have combined to allow companies to skip the phase model when going global. 3

Growing Market

2 factors help companies determine growth potential of foreign market: purchasing power-comparison of a standard set of goods and services in different countries, more means greater growth potential ex: Coke 98 cents in china.. US 50 cents.. American have more power than chinese foreign competitors- is determined by the number and quality of companies that already compete in foreign markets.

sexual harassment

A form of discrimination in which unwelcome sexual advances, request for sexual favors, or other verbal or physical conducts of a sexual nature occurs.

self-control

A manager has instructed Ralph and his fellow workers to develop a daily theme such as patience, empathy, and kindness. Each day, the workers are to try to emphasize the theme as they work with customers, suppliers, and each other. What kind of a control system is Ralph's manager using?

Direct foreign investment

A method of investment in which a company builds a new business or buys an existing business in a foreign country

biodata

A perennial problem of teacher education programs is to screen the highest quality candidates from those who should not work in schools. One suggested method is to ask applicants a series of questions about their experiences with siblings, how they treat stress, their attitude toward procrastination, and ways they like to have fun. This method, which can use over 100 questions, gathers ____.

True

A primary source of organizational culture is the company founder. t/f

Job analysis

A purposeful, systematic process for collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job.

standards

A report calling for a company to set clear targets to improve fuel economy and to cut factory emissions would want the company to establish emission control ____.

technological discontinuity

A scientific advance or unique combination of existing technologies that creates a significant breakthrough in performance or function

transition management team

A team of employees whose full-time job is to manage and coordinate change

diversity audit

A(n) ____ is a formal assessment that measures employee and management attitudes, investigates the extent to which people are advantaged or disadvantaged with respect to hiring and promotions, and reviews companies' diversity-related policies and procedures.

schedule of reinforcement

A(n) ____ is the set of rules regarding reinforcement contingencies such as which behaviors will be reinforced, which consequences will follow those behaviors, and the schedule by which those consequences will be delivered.

the access and legitimacy paradigm

According to a recent census, over 40 percent of the Australian population was born overseas or had one parent born overseas. The abilities of these immigrants add value to the Australian workplace. The Australian government would have employers welcome these migrants and their children into their organizations as valued workers. Which paradigm for managing diversity does the Australian government most likely support?

high valence

According to a survey done on teaching evaluations, engineering students consider the improvement of teaching to be the most important outcome of the evaluation process. For engineering students who believe their efforts will lead to better teaching, the motivation to fill out a teaching evaluation would have a ____.

instrumentality

According to a survey done on teaching evaluations, engineering students consider the improvement of teaching to be the most important outcome of the evaluation process. In terms of the expectancy theory, the likelihood that students feel their inputs on the evaluations will lead directly to improved instruction is called ____.

True

According to attribution theory, the two general reasons or attributions we use to explain people's behavior are primary attribution and secondary attribution. t/f

false

According to some industrial psychologists, Performance = Motivation ´ Ability

multiplicative

According to some industrial psychologists, job performance is a(n) ____ function of motivation, ability, and situational constraints.

only after a job offer has been made

According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, disabilities (and reasonable accommodations for them) should be discussed ____.

false

According to the equity theory, objective reality rather than employee perceptions that determines employee motivation

false

According to the equity theory, objective reality rather than employee perceptions that determines employee motivation.

meaningful:

According to the job characteristics model, for a job to be internally motivating workers must experience the work as____(either the m word or the i word), they must feel responsible, and they must know how well they are performing.

satisfaction

According to the motivational model presented in the text, perceived inequity directly affects ____.

true

According to the normative decision theory, using the right degree of employee participation improves the quality of decisions and the extent to which employees accept and are committed to decisions

directive leadership

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, what type of leadership is being practiced that involves letting employees know precisely what is expected of them, giving them specific guidelines for performing tasks, scheduling work, setting standards of performance, and making sure that people follow standard rules and regulations

turnover costs

According to the text, ____ typically amount to more than 90 percent of employees' salaries

turnover costs

According to the text, ____ typically amount to more than 90 percent of employees' salaries.

cybernetic feasibility

According to the text, which of the following factors can help managers to determine whether more control is possible?

True

According to the trait theory, all effective leaders possess a similar set of traits or characteristics. t/f

Which of the following statements describes a circumstance under which teams ought to be used?

Ample resources are available.

____ is a ticket-based system that indicates when to reorder inventory.

An MRP system A just-in-time system Correct Kanban*** An independent demand system A dependent demand system

Which of the following is a characteristic of successful organizational culture

All of these (chapter 3 quiz)

Which of the following is a reason teamwork can be more satisfying than traditional work?

All of these are reasons why teamwork can be more satisfying than traditional work.

licensing adv:

Allows companies to earn profits withoutinvesting more money The licensor invests in production equipment and facilities Helps companies avoid tariff and nontariff barriers

equity theory

Although both Title IX of the 1972 Education Amendments and the advent of professional women's sporting significant discrepancies still exist between men's and women's sports. For example, women receive less media coverage, promotion, and institutional support. According to ____, the motivation for women athletes to perform at the top of their ability is less than that for men.

disparate treatment

Darlene Jespersen worked in a sports bar. She was an outstanding employee, but she didn't wear makeup because she felt it "took away her credibility" and interfered with her ability to be an effective bartender, which sometimes required her to deal with unruly, intoxicated guests. This changed when the sports bar implemented a "beverage department image transformation" program. Female employees were told they would be fired if they did not wear makeup. Jespersen contended that it was an example of ____ because male employees did not have to wear makeup.

Baseball management discovered that its sales increased by almost 100 percent in those seasons when it held an open 32. Which of the following statements about data mining is true?

Data mining is the specific process used to match buyers and sellers. Data mining is too expensive for most companies to use at this time. The two forms of data mining are centralized and decentralized. Correct Data mining typically uses data from a data warehouse.*** All of these statements about data mining are true.

specific ability test

Aptitude tests are also called ____.

which of the following management theorists believed that workers ultimately grant managers their authority?

Chester Barnard

Topics to avoid in an interview

Children Age Disabilities Physical characteristics Name Citizenship Lawsuits Arrest records Smoking AIDS/HIV

true

Companies may determine standards by evaluating their capacity to enable goal achievement, by listening to customers, by observing competitors, or by benchmarking other companies

True

Concentration of effect is how much an act affects the average person. t/f

True

Companies may determine standards by evaluating their capacity to enable goal achievement, by listening to customers, by observing competitors, or by benchmarking other companies. t/f

True

Companies may determine standards by evaluating their capacity to enable goals achievement, by listening to customers, by observing competitors, or by benchmarking other companies. t/f

Joint Venture dis:

Companies must share profits Joint venture represent a merging of four cultures With equal ownership, power struggles and a lack of leadership may occur

be highly resistant to change

Companies that rely on bureaucratic control tend to ____.

An organization is experiencing ______ when it is reluctant to change strategies or competitive practices that have been successful in the past.

Competitive inertia

In terms of leadership behavior, the term ____ refers to the extent to which a leader is friendly, approachable, supportive, and shows concern for employees.

Consideration

____ refers to the behavioral tendencies and personal characteristics of leaders that create an exceptionally strong relationship between them and their followers.

Consideration leadership Correct Charismatic leadership*** Transactional leadership Transformational leadership Leadership empowerment

Schedules for delivering reinforcement

Continuous and intermittent ( fixed interval, variable interval, fixed ratio, and variable ratio )

____ is the extent to which it is possible to implement each step in the control process.

Control feasibility Correct Cybernetic feasibility*** A quasi-control assessment A Balanced Scorecard assessment Information management

False

Control is an intermittent activity that requires periodic attention from managers once or twice a month. t/f

What are the strategies that can be used to minimize or adapt to the political risk inherent to global business?

Control, avoidance, cooperative strategies

Which of the following statements about corporate culture is true

Corporate cultures are very difficult to change

The term ______ refers to the overall organizational strategy that addresses the question "What business or businesses are we in or should we be in?"

Corporate-level strategy

A national award given to U.S. firms that have reached high levels of quality in their products and services is called

Correct Baldridge National Quality Award*** National ISO award National Association of Manufacturers Quality Award Deming Award

____ are a hybrid of executive information systems and intranets.

Correct Corporate portals*** Extranets Expert systems Virtual private networks Electronic data interchanges

If a company has a new technology that is not yet available to its competitors, this is called

Correct First mover advantage*** Sustainable advantage Competitive advantage None of these are correct

Which of the following is not part of work force forecasting?

Correct Internal supply*** Internal movement Benefits analysis External supply

The person who measures an employee's performance

Correct Must be in a position to observe the performance*** Must be the employee's supervisor Should limit measurement of performance to one specific time period Must be the sole determiner of salary adjustment

Which of the following statements about leaders and managers is true?

Correct Organizations need both leaders and managers.*** Leaders are critical to getting out the day-to-day work. Managers are critical to inspiring employees and setting long-term direction. Most organizations place greater emphasis on leadership than on management. All of these statements about leaders and managers are true.

Which of the following is not one of the criteria used in determining ISO 14000 certification?

Correct Product quality*** Environmental auditing Life-cycle assessment All of these are used in ISO 14000 certification

Interpreting is on aspect of

Correct Sensing*** Selecting Organizing Ego formation

In the trucking industry today, leaders are needed that will do more than simply manage or direct drivers, owner-operators, and the staff that supports them. These leaders need to inspire, coach, encourage, and guide. Today's leaders need to earn consensus by working as part of the team, providing resources to get the job done, then getting out of the way and letting their people perform. Today, these men and women need to be ____ leaders.

Correct Strategic*** Transactional Directive Autonomous job-oriented

Which of the following is one of the mistakes that managers tend to make when they are coaching employees?

Correct They wait too long before talking to them about the problem.*** They refrain from showing any feelings when they confront the employee. They refer the employee to an EAP. They require the employee to pay for his or her additional training. All of these are common mistakes made by managers attempting to coach employees.

Blake and Mouton believed that the key to having managers that met the behavior concerns found in the Leadership Grid was

Correct Training managers how to behave in the required manner*** Administering personality tests that identified which managers would behavior in the required manner Rewarding managers for behaving in the required manner Selecting managers who would behave in the required manner

Which of the following approaches to implementing Fiedler's contingency theory in the workplace has proven effective?

Correct accurately measuring and matching leaders to situations*** teaching managers how to change situational favorableness arbitrary definition of situations only hiring supervisors with appropriate leadership traits creating standing plans concerning leader actions and reactions

Four leadership styles in the path-goal theory of leadership are directive, supportive, participative and

Correct achievement-oriented*** task-oriented production-centered subordinate-centered

The job of the concepts managers at Starbucks is to use a cross-functional team to develop four to six new beverages annually. Starbucks uses a cross-functional team because it ____.

Correct allows the company to use employees from various departments with varying perspectives to attack the task*** creates a means for outsourcing new-product development allows Starbucks to use an aggregated product plan ensures that Starbucks will always have products in each stage of the product life cycle allows the company to get input from all of its external stakeholders

Which of the following is an example of a subjective performance measure?

Correct behavioral observation scales*** sales quotas production rate revenues number of customer complaints

(Tu) If you received a "5-Outstanding" in the category marked "Commitment to Company Goals" during your performance evaluation, your manager is probably using which assessment method?

Correct behaviorally anchored rating scales*** ranking MBO all of the above

Companies may determine standards by ____.

Correct benchmarking other companies*** implementing vertical loading using outsourcing taking corrective action doing all of these

When Marriott decided to improve the quality of service offered to customers, it asked special corporate guests to comment on the good and bad issues of their stay and also to tell what the competition is doing that is better than Marriott. The Marriott acted accordingly. In other words, it used ____.

Correct benchmarking*** data decentralization information processing mirroring comparative criterion

(Tu) Diversity, as a communication barrier, may be overcome by

Correct choosing words carefully and avoiding the use of jargon*** being open, honest, and accurate sending messages in a manageable quantity using live video or videotapes

Which of the following types of conflict is most strongly associated with improvements in team performance?

Correct cognitive conflict*** horizontal conflict behavioral conflict vertical conflict affective conflict

Every semester, State University assesses its registration process to determine how to reduce the time required for students to register. This is part of the university's

Correct continuous improvement process*** teamwork program process of involving those who actually do the work attempt to reduce variation in quality standards

A company developed a(n) ____ to allow its more than 50 department heads and executive managers to use a Web browser to view sales results and distribution plans with a single click..

Correct corporate portal*** extranet SSL network virtual private network electronic data interchange

According to the TQM strategy, what should be a company's primary goal?

Correct customer focus and satisfaction*** continuous improvement teamwork participative management reciprocity

According to the textbook, what should a business owner do with excess inventory?

Correct cut prices on the product to increase its sales*** donate the products and get a tax write-off throw the excess away throw a party raise prices and sell the product as a premium product

Companies relying on a trucking company providing just-in-time (JIT) transportation would _____?

Correct expect the chemical and dry bulk products to be delivered as they are needed by the production line*** cannot continue operations if a stockout occurs have high inventory turnover rates uses a master production schedule to control service recovery costs spend more on holding costs than on any other form of inventory costs

Most ____ work by using a collection of "if-then" rules to sort through information and recommend a course of action.

Correct expert systems*** decision support systems executive information systems RAID systems trend analyses

The Balanced Scorecard approach to control ____.

Correct forces managers at each level of the company to set specific goals and measure performance in each of four areas*** places greatest priority on the most important aspect of control, the financial perspective maximizes the chances of suboptimization only looks at factors within a company's controllable environment has no real advantages over traditional control techniques

(Tu) Dan's company has collected customer feedback forms from everyone who bought one of the company's products in the last 6 months. The company is

Correct measuring actual performance*** setting performance standards comparing performance to standards revising the standards

Which of the following provides employment counseling services for employees faced with downsizing?

Correct outplacement services*** reassessment centers employee outsourcing employee restructuring outsourced centers

Which of the following applications would most likely involve decentralized processing of data?

Correct reordering inventory at grocery store (Fort Collins Safeway)*** airline reservations (United or Southwestern) car rentals (Dollar or Hertz) maintaining transcripts by university registrar (CSU)

(Tu) The first step in the performance appraisal process is to

Correct set performance goals for the job*** agree on performance goals with the employee assess individual performance establish a ranking of employee performances from best to worst

The medium used to send a message is called

Correct the channel*** encoding decoding feedback

Which of the following factors would favor a decision to have a multi-facility location?

Correct the cost of facilities is low due to a job-shop layout*** a mass-production layout is used customers do not need or desire a great deal of variety in the product or service all of these favor a decision to have a multi-facility location

(Tu) By comparing the requirements in the job analysis to __________________________ human resource specialists may create effective training design.

Correct the list of employee weaknesses in the performance analysis*** the list of requirements in the job description the list of training programs offered by the human resource department what employee indicate they would like to learn

(Tu) Concurrent control is best used in which aspect of the control/production process?

Correct transformation proces*** inputs outputs all of the above

UPS was founded in 1907 as a message delivery business. The development of the telephone would have put an end to the business if UPS's founder had not been a ____ type of leader. One who was able to get his employees to accomplish more than they had thought possible and re-invent the company as a company that delivered goods for retailers.

Correct transformational *** substitute participative transactional supportive

A study in the construction industry found that when equipment is stolen from building sites, workers are the culprits 82 percent of the time. If background checks reduced employee thievery over a period of time and throughout the industry, then this selection process would be ____.

Correct validation*** EEOC certified legally authorized corroborated legally binding

(Tu) Which of the following would not be an appropriate information technology to use when a business message is complex?

Correct voice mail*** conference call video conferencing telephone

Which of the following statements about team training is true?

Cross-training is less appropriate for teams of highly skilled workers.

____ involves assigning direct authority and responsibility to a subordinate to complete tasks for which the manager is normally responsible.

Delegation of authority

the _____ is a decision making method in which a panel of experts responds to questions and to each other until an agreement is reached on how a specific issue should be handled

Delphi technique

Continuing to invest additional money in an information technology requires a "yes" answer to which of the following questions?

Does the information technology create value? Is the information technology different across competing firms? Is it difficult for another firm to create or buy the information technology? Correct a "yes" answer is required to all of these for continuing to invest in the information technology***

True

Dominant designs emerge because they solve a practical problem, are a results of the negotiations of independent standards bodies, or because of critical mass. t/f

Three aspects of a TQM program are customer satisfaction focus, teamwork and

Error detection Correct Continuous improvement*** Increased budget for technology Conversion to robotic manufacturing control

background check

Estimates of from 2 percent to 20 percent of a taxicab company's driver workforce could result as new federal regulations requiring that all drivers be fingerprinted and the drivers checked to see if they have a criminal record. This new ____ will cause a worsening problem for the already over-extended employer

One of the differences between managers and leaders is that managers focus on visions, missions, goals, and objectives, and leaders focus solely on productivity and efficiency.

False

One significant advantage of economic value added (EVA) is that it clearly specifies what managers should or should not do to improve financial performance.

False

Overreward frequently causes inequity.

False

Process theories of work motivation explain what motivates employees.

False

Product departmentalization organizes work and workers into separate units responsible for particular kinds of customers.

False

Punishment is also called avoidance learning.

False

Raw data contain useful information that communicate a clear and readily understandable message to the person for which the data were gathered.

False

Research has shown that performance capabilities decline with age.

False

Resistance to change usually results from organizational factors: such as the absence of promotion guidelines, bonuses, and praise.

False

S.M.A.R.T. goals are specific, meaningful, active, reachable, and timely.

False

Since teams should be an end in themselves, it is appropriate to use them in most situations.

False

Since there are no consistent trait differences between leaders and non-leaders, or between effective and ineffective leaders, trait theory is wrong.

False

Since there are no consistent trait differences between leaders and nonleaders, or between effective and ineffective leaders, trait theory is wrong.

False

Specialized jobs are generally inefficient.

False

Strategic leadership is defined as the ability to think strategically and create a strategic plan for an organization.

False

T/F the resistance bias is the tendency for people to perceive themselves as personally and situationally similar to someone who is having difficulty or trouble and , therefore, to use external attributions to explain the person's behavior

False

The Big Five dimensions of personality are autonomy, Machiavellianism, empathy, locus of control, and affectivity.

False

The only dimension needed to measure quality is its conformance to expectations.

False

The three significant disadvantages that teams and teamwork are prone to are initially high turnover, social loafing, and legal risk.

False

Typical titles used for top managers are general manager, plant manager, regional manager, and divisional manager.

False

While good management is basic to starting and growing a business, once some measures of success has been achieved, good management becomes less important.

False

Franchise adv:

Fast way to enter foreign markets Good strategy when a company'sdomestic sales have slowed

The acronym GATT stands for the ____.

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

The acronym GATT stands for

General agreement on tariffs and trade

Which of the following statements about needs is true?

Higher-order needs will generally not motivate people as long as lower-order needs remain unsatisfied.

"What Leads to Effort?"

Higher-order needs will not motivate as long as lower-order needs remain unsatisfied. It's difficult to predict which higher-order needs will motivate employees' behavior. The relative importance of the various needs may change over time.

Anheuser Busch has increased its productivity in recent years by

Hiring people at lower wages Correct Applying new technologies*** Hiring fewer people Reducing the number of brewing plants it uses

the fastest-growing population group in the United States is:

Hispanic-Americans

Trade Barriers and Protectionism

Historically, governments have actively used trade barriers to make it much more difficult or expensive (or sometimes impossible) for you to buy imported goods. Protectionism is the use of trade barriers to protect local companies and their workers from foreign competition.

consideration

Hot Topic is a fast-growing clothing chain targeted to the alternative teen demographic. Hot Topic's CEO Betsy McLaughlin relies on her employees to locate new trends. McLaughlin almost daily consults with her employees for suggestions on what the stores should carry. She relies on their input before making inventory decisions and treats her employees as equals. McLaughlin is demonstrating ____.

participative

Hot Topic is a fast-growing clothing chain targeted to the alternative teen demographic. Hot Topic's CEO Betsy McLaughlin relies on her employees to locate new trends. McLaughlin almost daily consults with her employees for suggestions on what the stores should carry. She relies on their input before making inventory decisions. McLaughlin uses the ____ style of management.

True

In order to ensure that a company's ethics code will encourage ethical decision making and behavior, companies need to accomplish two objectives. The first is to communicate the codes to others both within and outside the company. The second is to develop practical ethical standards and procedures specific to the company's line of business. t/f

consideration

In terms of leadership behavior, the term ____ refers to the extent to which a leader is friendly, approachable, supportive, and shows concern for employees.

True

In the behavioral approach to managerial control, a company's widely shared values and beliefs guide workers' behavior and decisions. t/f

True

In the perceptual process, apprehension is the process of remembering interpreted information. t/f

Why do trade barriers and free trade agreements matter to consumers?

Increase:choicescompetitionpurchasing power Thus... Decrease price of:food,clothing,necessities,luxuries

How does a company benefit from planning

Intensified effort, persistence, direction, and creation of task strategies

control

Interpublic, the world's third-biggest marketing services group, informed the SEC that it "had found accounting errors resulting from incompetence as well as falsified books and records, violations of the laws and company policies, and inappropriate customer charges" that required it to restate its earnings for every year in the decade. Interpublic is guilty of overstating both its expenses and its revenues in its earning reports. Interpublic blames its faulty revenue reporting on "inadequate procedures for review of customer contracts." This fraudulent activity will more than likely result in a default on the company's debt and the loss of its stock market listing. Refer to Interpublic. Which traditional management function was Interpublic not using effectively prior to its discovery of fraudulent activities?

A competitive edge gained by a company's superior information technogy is sustained by

Keeping the process secret, known only to the organization's top executives Copyrighting the process Misinforming the public regarding the process Correct Continual investment in keeping the technology ahead of the competitors***

False

Kohlberg's three phases of moral development (in the appropriate order) are law and order, instrumental exchange, and universal principle. t/f

export adv:

Less dependence on home market sales Greater degree of control over research, design, and production decisions

licensing dis:

Licensor gives up control over quality of the product or service sold by the foreign licensee Licensees can eventually become competitors

An expatriate is someone who ____

Lives and works outside of his or her own community.

export dis:

Many exports are subject to tariff and nontariff barriers Transportation costs can increase price Companies may depend on foreignimporters for product distribution

safety

Marketers often appeal to consumers' needs as defined by Maslow's hierarchy. A lock manufacturer, shows how much protection its locks provide and a cleaning company developed several types of wipes to eliminate concerns about infectious germs. Both marketers are appealing to which need as defined by Maslow

safety

Marketers often appeal to consumers' needs as defined by Maslow's hierarchy. A lock manufacturer, shows how much protection its locks provide and a cleaning company developed several types of wipes to eliminate concerns about infectious germs. Both marketers are appealing to which need as defined by Maslow?

normative

Marriott's top management decided that there was need for a serious effort to "put democracy back in the company" and make employees feel "involved in the success of the company." Employees asked special corporate guests to comment on the good and bad issues of their stay and also to tell what the competition is doing that is better than Marriott. Then the employees acted accordingly. Marriott adopted ____ control.

____ is the collection of activities that transform inputs into outputs that customer's value.

Organizational process

Equity theory

People will be motivated at work when they perceive that they are being treated fairly. In particular, equity theory stresses the importance of perceptions

Equity Theory

People will be motivated at work when they perceive that they are being treated fairly. In particular, it stresses the importance of perceptions.

Goal-Setting Theory

People will be motivated to the extent that they accept specific, challenging goals and receive feedback that indicates their progress toward goal achievement.

Goal setting theory

People will be motivated to the extent that they accept specific, challenging goals and receive feedback that indicates their progress towards goal achievement

Expectancy theory

People will be motivated to the extent to which they believe that their effort will lead to good performance, that good performance will be rewarded, and that they will be offered attractive rewards

Expectancy Theory

People will be motivated to the extent to which they believe that their efforts will lead to good performance, that good performance will be rewarded, and that they will be offered attractive rewards

unethical charismatic leader

People with Machiavellian personalities believe that virtually any type of behavior is acceptable if it helps satisfy needs or accomplish goals. Add that skill to someone with the ability to create strong bonds with followers and you have described a leader who is a(n) ____.

False

Results-driven change focuses primarily on changing company procedures, management philosophy, or employee behavior. t/f

Components of reinforcement theory

Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, and extinction

External recruiting

Process of developing a pool of qualified job applicants from outside the company. Advertising Employee referrals Walk-ins Outside organizations Employment services Special events Internet job sites

____ _____ is defined as a comparison of the relative cost of a standard set of goods and services in different countries. The growth potential of a given market is determined by its purchasing power and the strength of foreign competitors. Markets are most attractive when they have solid and growing purchasing power and relatively weak existing competition.

Purchasing power

excellence, value, and conformance to expectations

Quality is typically defined and measured in three ways. They are ____.

A way to assure that potential employees know the exact working conditions they will be working in, interviewers should show them in the actual place they will be working. This method is called

Realistic job preview (RJP)

true

Reasonable accommodations for disabled worked include assistive technology.

external recruiting

Refer to Domino's. Robert Chabot relies heavily on employee referrals to first identify good job applicants. In other words, Chabot uses ____.

______may influence ethical codes but typically do not cover all of the possible ethical dilemmas faced by a company's employees.

Regulation

Reinforcement

Reinforcement contingencies Schedule of reinforcement

trait theory

Relatively stable characteristics such as abilities, psychological motives, or consistent patterns of behavior, form the basis for the ____ of leadership.

initiating structure; considerations

Research at three universities has confirmed that two basic leader behaviors, ____ and ____, are central to successful leadership

initiating structure; consideration

Research at three universities has confirmed that two basic leader behaviors, ____ and ____, are central to successful leadership.

job performance; job satisfaction

Research shows that while initiating structure impacts primarily on ____, consideration impacts primarily on ____.

Many orthopedic parts are almost identical in size and shape. Stryker Howmedica Osteonics in New Jersey used a semi-autonomous work group to develop Product Recognition Technology that makes sure parts are identified correctly and orders are filled correctly. What happened when the team reached the STORMING stage of team development?

Team members began to work together, and different personalities and work styles clashed.

False: The question defines conceptual skill.

Technical skill refers to the ability to see the organization as a whole, how the different parts affect each other, and how the company fits into or is affected by its environment. t/f

True

Technological discontinuities are followed by discontinuous change characterized by technological substitution and design competition. t/f

False

Technology cycles for low-tech products follow the typical U-curve pattern cycle of innovation. t/f

value

When a company emphasizes ____ as its quality goal, managers must simultaneously control excellence, price, durability, or other features of a product or service that customers strongly associate with it.

Cooperative Contracts

When an organization decides to expand its business globally, but does not want to make large financial commitments to do so, it will sign a cooperative contract with a foreign business owner, who pays the company a fee for the right to conduct that business in his or her country. There are two kinds of cooperative contracts: licensing and franchising.

goals can energize behavior

Which of the following statements about goal-setting theory is true

Validation refers to the process of determining how well a selection test or procedure predicts future job performance

Which of the following statements about job validation tests is true

Validation refers to the process of determining how well a selection test or procedure predicts future job performance.

Which of the following statements about job validation tests is true?

Employee-related laws apply to job application forms and résumés.

Which of the following statements about résumés and job application forms is true?

Sexual harassment can occur between people of the same sex.

Which of the following statements about sexual harassment is true?

These behaviors are referred to as initiating structure and consideration

Which of the following statements about the two basic leader behaviors that are central to successful leadership is true

These behaviors are independent, meaning that leaders can do both at the same time.

Which of the following statements about the two basic leader behaviors that are central to successful leadership is true?

Successful leaders are confident about their ability to make long-term strategic decisions even if the decisions seem risky to others.

Which of the following statements about what makes a successful leader is true?

all of these

Which of the following types of information would typically be collected as part of a job analysis?

cognitive ability test

Which of the following types of tests accurately predicts job performance in almost all kinds of jobs?

True

While the bureaucratic control model is designed to make companies more efficient, effective, and fair, it frequently has the opposite effect. t/f

true

While transformational leaders use visionary and inspirational appeals to influence followers, transactional leadership is based on an exchange process.

True

While transformational leaders use visionary and inspirational appeals to influence followers, transactional leadership is based on an exchange process. t/f

Howard Shultz:

__In the Tegrity lecture for chapter 3, Dr. Doctor named who? as the CEO with the most powerful influence on the development of his company's culture. (one word, last name)

Henri Fayol:

__Planning, Organizing, Leading, Controlling

management functions (Henri Fayol):

__Planning, Organizing, Leading, Controlling.

Organic:

___(o word) organizations are characterized by broadly defined jobs, loosely defined roles, and decentralized authority.

standards

____ are a basis of comparison for measuring the extent to which organizational performance is satisfactory or unsatisfactory.

intrinsic rewards

____ are the rewards associated with performing a task or activity for its own sake.

concurrent

____ control is a method of gathering information about performance deficiencies as they occur.

bureaucratic

____ controls should be used when it is necessary to standardize operating procedures and establish limits

Job specifications, job analyses, and job descriptions

____ help companies meet the legal requirement that their human resource decisions be job-related

Diversity

____ helps companies grow by improving the quality of problem solving and improving marketplace understanding.

balanced scorecard

____ is a control method that encourages managers to look beyond traditional measures to evaluate four different perspectives on company performance.

social integration

____ is the degree to which group members are psychologically attracted to working with each other to accomplish a common objective.

cybernetick feasibility

____ is the extent to which it is possible to implement each step in the control process

distributive justice

____ is the perceived degree to which outcomes and rewards are fairly distributed or allocated.

Human resource management

____ is the process of finding, developing, and keeping the right people for the company

selection

____ is the process of gathering information about job applicants to decide who should be offered a job

control

____ is the regulatory process of establishing standards that will achieve organizational goals, comparing actual performance to those standards, and then, if necessary, taking corrective action to restore performance to those standards.

suboptimization

____ occurs when performance improvement is attained in one part of an organization but only at the expense of decreased performance in another part

suboptimization

____ occurs when performance improvement is attained in one part of an organization but only at the expense of decreased performance in another part.

charismatic leadership

____ refers to the behavioral tendencies and personal characteristics of leaders that create an exceptionally strong relationship between them and their followers

Matrix:

_____structures are notorious for confusion and conlict.

leadership

____is the process of influencing others to achieve group or organizational goals.

Technical skill refer to:

____the ability to apply the specialized procedures, techniques, and knowledge required to get the job done

Staff:

___authority is the right to advise but not command others who are not subordinates in the chain of command

The four decisional roles are:

___entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator.

These are typical titles for middle managers, not top managers:

___general manager, plant manager, regional manager, and divisional manager.

Modular:

___organizations like Modern Shed outsource functins that aren't central to their core competency.

The job of team leader is indeed one of the four kinds of management jobs, which are:

___top managers, middle managers, first-line managers, and team leaders.

Standards are:

__a basis of comparison for measuring the extent to which various kinds of organizational performance are satisfactory or unsatisfactory.

Feedback control:

__a mechanism for gathering information about performance deficiencies (after) they occur.

Feedforward control:

__a mechanism for monitoring performance inputs rather than outputs to prevent or minimize performance deficiencies (before) they occur.

Control:

__a regulatory process of establishing standards to achieve organizational goals, comparing actual performance against the standards, and taking corrective action when necessary.

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth:

__best known for their use of motion studies to simplify work.

The three interpersonal roles are:

__figurehead, leader, and liaison.

Reengineering:

__fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service, and speed.

Control:

__is achieved when behavior and work procedures conform to set standards and that the company goals are accomplished.

Balanced Scorecard:

__measurement of organizational performance in four equally important areas: finances, customers, internal operations, and innovation and learning.

Informational roles:

__monitor, disseminator, and spokesperson.

Economic value added (EVA):

__the amount by which company profits (revenues, minus expenses, minus taxes) exceed the cost of capital in a given year.

Buyer dependence:

__the degree to which a supplier relies on a buyer because of the importance of that buyer to the supplier and the difficulty of finding other buyers for its products.

Cybernetic feasibility:

__the extent to which it is possible to implement each step in the control process.

Spokesperson:

__the informational role managers play when they share information with people outside their departments or companies.

Benchmarking:

__the process of identifying outstanding practices, processes, and standards in other companies and adapting them to your company.

Facebook:

__who?(one word) is the name of the company mentioned by Dr. Doctor acorporate culture that might be a challenge for him to adjust to and fit in.

what is social responsibility

a business' obligation to pursue policies, make decisions, and take actions that benefit society

interorganizational process

a collection of activites that occur among companies to transform inputs into outputs that customers value when you buy a Liz Claiborne outfit, you are buying from the suppliers and not Liz Clairborne

transformational leadership

a combination of charisma, inspirational leadership, and intellectual stimulation. it is especially critical to the revitalization of existing business organizations. a transformational leader helps organizations and people make positive changes in the way they do things by developing new visions for the organization and mobilizing employees to accept and work toward attaining these visions

training design

a comparison of job analysis results to performance weakness for the purpose od designing appropriate training programs or activities

continuous reinforcement schedules,

a consequence follows every instance of a behavior. For example, employees working on a piece-rate pay system earn money (consequence) for every part they manufacture (behavior). The more they produce, the more they earn.

organizational change

a difference in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time

Licensing

a domestic company, the licensor, receives royalty payments for allowing another company, the licensee, to produce its product, sell its service, or use its brand name in a particular foreign market -Murjani Group and Tommy Hilfiger and Calvin Klein partner instead of alone b/c expansion into India is challenging bc not a lot of high end fashion stores, Murjani provides faster entry into India adv: allows companies to earn additional profits w/o investing more money, foreign sales increase/ royalties paid to the licensor by the foreign licensee increase. Avoids tariff and nontariff barriers dis: licensor gives up control over quality of product sold by foreign licensee, also licensee can become competitors Licensing- if want a tcu logo on something, we have to pay for the logo but can do what we want with it

The auto industry has been perfecting the internal combustion engine (ICE) for some 120 years. The Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV), a cooperative program between the Big Three and the U.S. government to replace ICEs with electric engines, has been operating since 1993. The internal combustion engine (ICE) is an example of ____.

a dominant design

According to the text, which of the following is a pitfall of planning?

a false sense of certainty based on faulty assumptions

according to the text, which of the following is a pitfall of planning

a false sense of certainty based on faulty assumptions

pitfall of planning

a false sense of certainty based on faulty assumptions

The European Union (EU) bans the importation of hormone-fed U.S. beef and bioengineered corn and soybeans on safety grounds. This ban is so consumers in the EU will buy domestic beef and products made from domestically produced corn and soybeans. This ban is an example of ____.

a government import standard

Former female employees of a national real estate brokerage firm claimed that they were subjected to lewd remarks, unwanted groping, and sexual propositions by male co-workers. According to their attorney, "The firm created a frat-house culture and then failed to do anything about it." Their suit claims the women were victims of ____.

a hostile work environment

Former female employees of a national real estate brokerage firm claimed that they were subjected to lewd remarks, unwanted groping, and sexual propositions by male co-workers. According to their attorney, "The firm created a frat-house culture and then failed to do anything about it." Their suit claims the women were victims of ____.

a hostile work environment

Matrix departmentalization

a hyrbid structure in which two or more forms of deparmentalization are used together; most common matirx cmobines the product and functional forms of deparmentalization Ex: Procter & Gamble

Robert Mondavi Wineries entered into an agreement with Baron Philippe de Rothschild, owner of Boreaux's First Growth chateau, to produce a top quality wine in California. The two companies working together to create a new product is an example of ____.

a joint venture

True

a joint venture is an example of a strategic alliance. t/f

contingency leadership

a leader with a relationship-oriented style develops strong ties with followers. a leader with a task-oriented style structures the job and closely monitors employee behavior. success depends on matching a leader's style with the following situational demands

A company decided to reduce its inventory by lowering their prices. The plan to get rid of excessive inventory was so successful that the company found itself completely sold out in just a couple of days. In other words, The company experienced ____.

a loss of amortization negative sales Correct a stockout*** aggregated turnover negative turnover

it is certainly easy to believe that employees with____receive more supervisor support because they are more socially oriented, likable, and upbeat

a low degree of authoritarianism

feedback/corrective control (outputs)

a mechanism for gathering information about performance deficiencies after they occur. it is designed to discover undesirable output and implement corrective action

concurrent control (transformation process)

a mechanism for gathering information about performance deficiencies as they occur in the transformation process. it is designed to monitor ongoing activities to ensure that the transformation process is functioning properly and achieving the desired results

feedforward/ preventative control (inputs)

a mechanism for gathering information about potential performance deficiencies before they occur. it is designed to ensure that the quality of inputs is high enough to prevent problems in the transformation process

Departmentalization

a method of subdividing work and workers into separate organizational units that take responsibilities for completing particular tasks

Departmentalization

a method of subdividing work and workers into separate organizational units that take responsibility for completing particular tasks.

Need satisfaction

a person's unmet need creates an uncomfortable, internal state of tension that must be resolved... People are motivated by unmet needs... Managers must learn what those unmet needs are, and address them. Once I need is met, it no longer motivates

Career path

a planned sequence of jobs through which employees may advance within an organization. For example, a person who starts as a sales representative may move up to sales manager and then to district or regional sales manager

relevant labor market

a population of people most likely to have skills related to performing the job for which a company has openings

Job posting

a procedure for advertising job openings within the company to existing employees.

process layout

a process orientation is typical in operations that have many lines of products or services. common process layouts include the job-shop production system and project systems

product/service layout

a product or service orientation layout is common in companies that offer only one (or very few) product lines. common product or service orientation layouts are assembly lines and continuous-flow systems

is the tendency to overestimate our value by attributing successes to ourselves (internal causes) and attributing failures to others or the environment (external causes).

a self-serving bias

which of the following is an example of an intrinsic reward

a sense of achievement

job specifications

a statement of the personal characteristics and skills needed by an employee to perform the job

A company decided to reduce its inventory by lowering their prices. The plan to get rid of excessive inventory was so successful that the company found itself completely sold out in just a couple of days. In other words, the company experienced ____

a stockout

balance sheet

a summary of an organization's financial position at a given point in time, showing assets, liabilities, and owner's equity. by monitoring assets and liabilities, the company maintains financial stability

Job specification

a summary of the qualifications needed to successfully perform a job

several arab countrying boycott coke products because they distribute in israel

a trade barrier

Which of the following is a component of a book publisher's general environment & will indirectly influence how it does business

a trend toward less leisure time

Which of the following is a component of a book publisher's general environment and will indirectly influence how it does business?

a trend toward less leisure time

which of the following companies is most likely operating in a dynamic environment

a video game manufacturer

Job description

a written description of the basic tasks, duties, and responsibilities required of an employee holding a particular job

job description

a written description of the job duties, tasks, and responsibilities and hoe they are to be preformed

____ is a primary source of organizational culture.

The company's founder

Pay-variability decisions

The extent to which employees' pay varies with individual and company performance

bona fide occupational qualifications (BFOQs

The fact that a 98-pound job candidate is not hired as a dock worker to move 60-pound boxes of produce is legal as a result of ____.

Hispanic- Americans

The fastest-growing population group in the United States is ____.

true

The fastest-growing racial group in the United States is Hispanics.

true

The glass ceiling is the so-called invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing to the top jobs in organizations.

Employee turnover

The loss of employees who choose to leave the company.

Functional

The most common organizational structure is functional departmentalization. Companies tend to use this structure when they are small or just starting out. Functional departmentalization organizes work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions or areas of expertise. For example, a common set of functions would consist of accounting, sales, marketing, production, and human resources departments.

Blake and Mouton (Leadership Grid) concluded that

The most effective leaders were actually high in concern for people (1,9) The most effective leaders were actually high in concern for production (9,1) The most effective leaders were moderately concerned for both people and production (5, 5) Correct The most effective leaders were high in concern for both people and production (9,9)

Intrinsic rewards

The natural reward associated with performing a task or activity for its own sake

true

The normative decision theory helps leaders decide how much employee participation should be used when making decisions.

Internal Recruiting

The process of developing a pool of qualified job applicants from people who already work within the company

flow

The psychological state of effortlessness in which you become absorbed in your work and time seems to pass quickly

Which of the following signs would indicate that a team is too small?

The team finds it difficult to come up with ideas or generate solutions to problems.

organizational plurality

The term ____ refers to a work environment where (1) each member is empowered to contribute in a way that maximizes the benefits to the organization, customers, and themselves; and (2) the individuality of each member is respected by not segmenting or polarizing people on the basis of their membership in a particular group

False

The term excessive appropriated (EVA) refers to the amount by which profits (after expenses) exceed the cost of capital in a given year. t/f

false

The term excessive value appropriated (EVA) refers to the amount by which profits (after expenses) exceed the cost of capital in a given year

concurrent control, feedback control, and feedforward control

The three basic control methods are ____.

False

The three interpersonal roles are monitor, disseminator, and spokesperson. t/f

True

The three levels of waste minimization are waste disposal, waste reduction, and recycling. t/f

True

The two kinds of external organizational environments are the general environment and the specific environment. t/f

False

The two kinds of one-on-one communication are mentoring and vestibule training. t/f

reinforcement contingencies and schedules of reinforcement

The two parts of reinforcement are ____.

behavior and output

The two types of objective controls managers use are ____.

charismatic leadership and transformational leadership

The two types of visionary leadership are ____.

In communicating feedback to employees, managers need to recognize that feedback can be constructive or destructive.

True

In general, skill-based pay is most effective for managing the performance of self-managing and self-directing teams.

True

In the decision-making process, teams can do a much better job than individuals in defining the problem and generating alternative solutions.

True

Initiating structure leader behavior has also been referred to as "job-centered leadership" and "concern for production", while the leadership behavior of consideration has also been referred to as "concern for people" and "employee-centered leadership."

True

It costs ten times as much to find a new customer as it does to keep an existing customer.

True

Job analyses, job descriptions, and job specifications help companies meet the legal requirement that their human resource decisions be job-related.

True

Job analysis is a purposeful and systematic process of collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job.

True

Leadership is the process of influencing others to achieve group or organizational goals.

True

Management ideas and practices have been used from the earliest times of recorded history.

True

Managers with better listening skills are rated as better managers by their employees and are much more likely to be promoted.

True

Once lower-order needs are satisfied, it is difficult to predict which higher-order needs will motivate behavior.

True

One of the simplest, most effective ways to motivate workers is to give them specific, challenging goals that they accept.

True

Organizational structure is the description of the vertical and horizontal configuration of departments, authority, and jobs within a company.

True

Resource scarcity is the degree to which an organization's external environment has an abundance or lack of critical organizational resources.

True

Since interviews are especially good at assessing applicants' interpersonal skills, they work especially well together with cognitive ability tests, where the combination leads to even better selection decisions than using either alone.

True

Stakeholders are people or groups with an interest in a company's actions.

True

Structural accommodation means giving teams the ability to change organizational structures, policies, and practices if it helps them meet their stretch goals.

True

Tactical plans specify how a company will use its resources, budgets, and people to accomplish specific goals within its mission.

True

Teams are typically required when tasks are complex, require multiple perspectives, or require repeated interaction with others to complete.

True

The concept of magnitude of consequences is the total harm or benefit derived from an ethical decision.

True

The first step in establishing an ethical climate in a company is for managers to act ethically themselves.

True

The four leadership styles in path-goal theory are directive, supportive, participative, and achievement-oriented.

True

The general environment consists of the economy and the technological, socio-cultural, and political/legal trends that indirectly affect all organizations.

True

The leadership trait of integrity refers to the extent to which leaders do what they said they would do.

True

The major situational leadership theories all assume that the effectiveness of any leadership style (the way a leader generally behaves toward followers) depends on the situation.

True

The normative decision theory helps leaders decide how much employee participation should be used when making decisions.

True

The only time that gender, age, religion, etc. can be used to make employment decisions is when they are considered a bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ).

True

The point of integrative conflict resolution is to have both parties indicate their preferences and then work together to find an alternative that meets the needs of both.

True

The primary difference between leaders and managers is that leaders are concerned with doing the right thing, while managers are concerned with doing things right.

True

The self-serving bias is the tendency to overestimate our value by attributing successes to ourselves (internal causes) and attributing failures to others or the environment (external causes).

True

The threat of substitute products or services is a measure of the ease with which customers can find substitutes for an industry's goods or services.

True

The two kinds of external organization environments are the general environment and the specific environment.

True

There are four conditions that must be met if a firm's resources are to be used to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. The resources must be valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable, and nonsubstitutable.

True

There is no such thing as a "best" leadership style for all situations and employees.

True

Top managers are responsible for creating a climate for change in an organization.

True

Training provides opportunities for employees to develop the job-specific skills, experience, and knowledge they need to do their jobs or improve their performance.

True

Transformational leadership is leadership that generates awareness and acceptance of a group's purpose and mission and gets employees to see beyond their own needs and self-interest for the good of the group.

True

Under the U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines, a culpability score is a way of assigning blame to a company.

True

Under the U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines, companies without compliance programs can pay fines many times larger than companies with established compliance programs.

True

Virtual teams are often, but not necessarily, temporary teams that are set up to accomplish a specific task.

True

Weber's concept of bureaucratic management supported qualification-based hiring and merit-based promotion.

True

Whereas managers tend to have a short-term perspective, leaders tend to have a long-term perspective.

True

While transformational leaders use visionary and inspirational appeals to influence followers, transactional leadership is based on an exchange process.

True

positive reinforcement

Users of credit and debit cards that earn the owners money or rewards towards future purchases, is an example of _______.

1. critical mass (most people use it) 2. solves a practical problem 3. independent standards bodies

What are the 3 ways dominant designs can emerge?

education and communication, participation, negotiation, top management support, and coercion.

What are the 5 methods that can be used to manage resistance to change?

challenging work, lack of organizational impediments, freedom, work group encouragement, supervisory encouragement, and organizational encouragement

What are the 6 components of a creative work environment?

planning, supplier involvement, shortening the time of individual steps, overlapping steps, and multifunctional teams

What are the five parts to the compression approach to innovation?

design iterations, testing, milestones, multifunctional teams, and powerful leaders

What are the five parts to the experiential approach to innovation?

computer-aided design (CAD)

What is one of the most common ways to shorten time of individual steps in the compression approach?

satisfy employees' lower-order needs before attempting to satisfy higher-order needs

What practical steps can a manager take to motivate employees to increase their effort?

glass ceiling

When AT&T hired a female as its president, it was evidence that AT&T does not have a(n) ____ to prevent women from rising to leadership positions

would be characterized as a leader

When Jack Welch, former Chairman of General Electric, a Fortune 5 company, assumed the role of CEO, he immediately began to make drastic changes in the company's structure and product lines. He envisioned a bloated, inefficient General Electric becoming an efficient, profitable organization over time. He inspired and motivated his employees to change. Jack Welch ____.

benchmarking

When Marriott decided to improve the quality of service offered to customers, it asked special corporate guests to comment on the good and bad issues of their stay and also to tell what the competition is doing that is better than Marriott. The Marriott acted accordingly. In other words, it used ____.

sex discrimination

When Suzanne Pogell wanted to learn to sail, she could find no one to teach her because men were the ones who sailed, and women were their crew. After mastering sailing, Suzanne started an all-woman sailing school called Womanship as a sole proprietorship. By creating her own business, Suzanne overcame problems associated with ____ while creating a different version of the same problem.

surface-level diversity

When Suzanne Pogell wanted to learn to sail, she could find no one to teach her because men were the ones who sailed, and women were their crew. After mastering sailing, Suzanne started an all-woman sailing school called Womanship as a sole proprietorship. The male sailors who would not teach her were exhibiting ____.

When managers delegate work, three transfers occur. The three transfers are responsibility, authority, and ____.

accountability

when managers delegate work, three transfers occur. The three transfers are responsibility, authority, and:

accountability

Which of the following approaches to implementing Fiedler's contingency theory in the workplace has proven effective?

accurately measuring and matching leaders to situations

David Dworkin is the founder of a small Atlanta-based chain of retail stores called Swoozie's. The stores target affluent women and carry eclectic lines of wrapping paper, stationery, invitations, and gifts. Dworkin has expressed a strong need to expand Swoozie's nationwide, According to McClelland's Learned Needs Theory, Dworkin has a need for___________.

achievement

David Dworkin is the founder of a small atlanta based chain of retail shores called Swoozies... Dworkin has a need for ________

achievement

United Fruit Company is the owner of the Chiquita brand of bananas. United Fruit emphasized how the fruit was to be picked and packed for transportation and shows no concern for the workers. United Fruit can be considered using _____ type of managing.

achievement charisma consideration Correct initiating structure*** vision

The founder and CEO of a medical products distributor, establishes ambitious goals for his employees and is confident that they will be able to achieve these goals. In terms of the path-goal theory, this founder and CEO is exhibiting a(n) _____ type of leadership.

achievement-oriented

according to the path-goal theory of leadership, ______ means setting challenging goals, having high expectations of employees......

achievement-oriented leadership

which of the following is one of the steps in the process that mangers use to make sense of their changing environments

acting on threats and opportunities

An ____ lists the specific steps, people, resources, and time period for accomplishing a goal

action plan

______ is a technique of assuming half the responsibility for successful communication by actively giving the speaker nonjudgmental feedback that shows you've accurately heard what he or she said

active listening

change focuses primarily on changing company procedures, management philosophy, or employee behavior

activity-oriented

__________ describes the average level of ability, experience, personality, or any other factor on a team.

a. Team level

__________ consists of differences communicated through verbal and nonverbal behaviors, such as personality and attitudes that are learned only through extended interaction with others.

a. Deep-level diversity

Which of the following type of tests accurately predicts job performance in almost all kinds of jobs?

a. cognitive ability tests

A product's quality is determined by its:

a. durability, reliability, and serviceability

The __________ is the system of official channels that carry organizationally approved messages and information.

a. formal communication channel

In nonverbal communication, the term __________ refers to movements of the body and face.

a. kinesics

The two types of productivity are:

a. multifactor productivity and partial productivity

Transactional leaders:

a. reward followers for good behavior and punish followers for poor behavior

Although firewalls can protect personal computers and network services connected to the corporate network, people away from their offices who interact with their company networks via the Internet face a safety risk. Which of the following technologies has proven to be a viable solution to this problem?

a. secure sockets layer (SSL) encryption

The term __________ refers to restoring customer satisfaction to strongly dissatisfied customers.

a. service recovery

Which of the following paradigms for managing diversity is similar to the business growth advantage of diversity?

a. the access and legitimacy paradigm

The basic control process begins with:

a. the establishment of clear standards of performance

In a(n) __________ reinforcement schedule, consequences follow a behavior after different times, some shorter and some longer, that vary around a specified average time.

a. variable interval

functional departmentalization

allows work to be done by highly qualified specialists

job characteristics model

an approach to job redesign that seeks to formulate jobs in ways that motivate workers and lead to postive work outcomes redesigning jobs->core job characteristics->critical psychological states->personal and work outcomes

A country or region that has an attractive business climate for companies that want to go global has ____.

an effective but cost-efficient place to build an office or manufacturing site

virtual organization

an organization that is part of a network in which many companies share skills, costs, and capabilities marketing and customers to collectively solve customer problems

modular organizations

an organzaiton that outsources noncore business activities to outside companies suppliers, specialists, or consultants

leaderless group discussion,

another common assessment center exercise, a group of six applicants is given approximately two hours to solve a problem, but no one is put in charge (hence the name "leaderless" group discussion)

Vertical Structure

answers questions such as "who reports to whom?", "who does that?", "where is the work done?"

the first selection devices most job applicants encounter when they seek a job are:

application forms and resumes

All job applicants for a position in an interior design company were given 10 swatches of fabrics of different colors and textures, 30 different paint chips, and 6 different floor treatments. They were then told to select the best fabric, paint, and floor treatment for an office. What type of selection test was used in this example?

aptitude testing

transformational leaders

are accurately described by all of these (Chapter 14)

Virtual teams ____.

are also called illusionary focus groups Correct are very flexible*** require all communication among group members to be sent through a senior manager who acts as a filter are always self-managing teams regularly meet face-to-face in informal group meetings

higher order needs

are concerned with relationships (belongingness, relatedness, and affiliation); challenges and accomplishments (esteem, self-actualization, growth, and achievement); and influence (power).

lower order needs

are concerned with safety and with physiological and existence requirements,

Renovation of a street and sidewalk was supposed to be finished in October yet wet weather prolonged the rebuilding until the middle of December. The local retailers, on that street, blamed the city for their low December holiday sales. If you agree with this analysis of why sales were poor, then you ____.

are experiencing the halo effect do not believe in attribution theory Correct have a defensive bias*** have a reactive bias are experiencing perceptual empathy

situational constraints

are factors beyond the control of individual employees, such as tools, policies, and resources that have an effect on job performance

referents

are others with whom people compare themselves to determine if they have been treated fairly. Usually, people choose to compare themselves with referents who hold the same or similar jobs or who are otherwise similar in gender, race, age, tenure, or other characteristics.

Reinforcement contingencies

are the cause-and-effect relationships between the performance of specific behaviors and specific consequences. For example, if you get docked an hour's pay for being late to work, then a reinforcement contingency exists between a behavior (being late to work) and a consequence (losing an hour's pay).

inputs

are the contributions employees make to the organization. They include education and training, intelligence, experience, effort, number of hours worked, and ability.

Needs

are the physical or psychological requirements that must be met to ensure survival and well-being.

outcomes

are what employees receive in exchange for their contributions to the organization. They include pay, fringe benefits, status symbols, and job titles and assignments.

True

as a leader behavior, initiating structure is the degree to which a leader structures the roles of followers by setting goals, giving directions, setting deadlines, and assigning tasks. t/f

True

as described in the path-goal theory, directive leadership is similar to the key leadership behavior of initiating structure. t/f

Managers often prefer to use business confidence indices ____.

as predictors of future economic activity when making business decisions

Background questions

ask applicants about their work experience, education, and other qualifications ("Tell me about the training you received at . . .").

Job-knowledge questions

ask applicants to demonstrate their job knowledge (e.g., nurses might be asked, "Give me an example of a time when one of your patients had a severe reaction to a medication. How did you handle it?").

Behavioral questions

ask applicants what they did in previous jobs that were similar to the job for which they are applying ("In your previous jobs, tell me about . . ."). These questions are more appropriate for hiring experienced individuals

managers can motivate employees to increase their efforts by

asking employees what their needs are then matching rewards to those needs

managers can motivate employees to increase their efforts by ______.

asking employees what their needs are then matching rewards to those needs.

Organizational Process

asks "how do things get done?"

1st step in strategy making process is to

asses the need for strategic change

delegation of authority

assignment of direct authority and responsibility to a subordinate to complete tasks for which the manager is normally responsibile

generational change

assumes that innovation is a predictable process, that incremental innovation can be planned using a series of steps, and that compressing the time it takes to complete those steps can speed up innovation

In the typical S-curve pattern of innovation, increased effort (i.e., money, research and development) brings only small improvements in technological performance

at both the beginning and end of the cycle

the typical S-curve pattern of innovation, increased effort (i.e., money, research and development) brings only small improvements in technological performance

at both the beginning and end of the cycle

in the typical S-curve pattern of innovation, small amounts of effort will result in significant increases in performance

at the midpoint of the cycle

In the perceptual process, _____ is the process of noticing or becoming aware of particular stimuli.

attention

states that we all have a basic need to understand and explain the cause of other people's behavior.

attribution theory

the _____ states that we all have a basic need to understand and explain the causes of other people's behavior.

attribution theory

for which of the following personality dimensions would an individual believe there should be power and status differences within organizations

authoritarianism

henri foyal is responsable for developing

administrative management

matrix adv & Dis

adv: -Efficiently manage large, complex tasks -Pool of available resources dis: -Requires high levels of coordination -Conflict between bosses -Requires high levels of management skills violates unity of command The primary advantage of matrix departmentalization is that it allows companies to efficiently manage large, complex tasks like researching, developing, and marketing pharmaceuticals. Efficiency comes from avoiding duplication. For example, rather than having an entire marketing function for each project, the company simply assigns and reassigns workers from the marketing department as they are needed at various stages of product completion. More specifically, an employee from a department may simultaneously be part of five different ongoing projects, but may only be actively completing work on a few projects at a time. Another advantage is the ability to carry out large, complex tasks. Because of the ability to quickly pull in expert help from all the functional areas of the company, matrix project managers have a much more diverse set of expertise and experience at their disposal than do managers in the other forms of departmentalization. The primary disadvantage of matrix departmentalization is the high level of coordination required to manage the complexity involved with running large, ongoing projects at various levels of completion. Matrix structures are notorious for confusion and conflict between project bosses, or between project and functional bosses. Disagreements or misunderstanding about project schedules, budgets, available resources, and the availability of employees with particular functional expertise are common. Another disadvantage is that matrix structures require much more management skill than the other forms of departmentalization. Because of these problems, many matrix structures evolve from the simple matrix, in which project and functional managers negotiate conflicts and resources, to the complex matrix, in which specialized matrix managers and departments are added to the organizational structure. In the complex matrix, project and functional managers report to the same matrix manager, who helps them sort out conflicts and problems.

Customer Adv & Dis

adv: -organizes work and workers into separate units -responsible for particular kinds of customers. Dis: -Duplication of resources -Difficult to coordinate across departments -Efforts to please customers may hurt the company The primary advantage to customer departmentalization is that it focuses the organization on customer needs rather than on products or business functions. Furthermore, creating separate departments to serve specific kinds of customers allows companies to specialize and adapt their products and services to customer needs and problems. The primary disadvantage of customer departmentalization is that, like product departmentalization, it leads to duplication of resources. Furthermore, like product departmentalization, it can be difficult to achieve coordination across different customer departments. Finally, the emphasis on meeting customers' needs may lead workers to make decisions that please customers but hurt the business.

age discrimination in employment act of 1976

age, training

refers to the degree to which someone is cooperative, polite, flexible, forgiving, good natured, tolerant, and trusting

agreeableness

What is the primary advantage of the structured interview?

all applicants are asked the same questions

To which of the following aspects of the human resource management process does U.S. Federal employment law apply?

all of the above

WHy do trade barriers and free trade agreements matter to consumers? theyre important because

all of the above

To which of the following aspects of the human resource management process does U.S. Federal employment law apply?

all of these

Which of the following factors should be considered when choosing an office/manufacturing location in the Brazilian market for a U.S. company that operates cinemas and wants to open a chain of movie theatres there?

all of these

Which of the following is an advantage associated with the use of project teams?

all of these

Which of the following is one of the ways in which training can be evaluated?

all of these

as a result of making greater use of work teams, many leading companies have experienced:

all of these

which of the following is an external recruiting method

all of these

which of the following is an organization impediment to creativity in a work environment

all of these

The manager of a company that produces a soy-based sausage wants to conduct a competitive analysis. During this competitive analysis, he should look at

all of these (chapter 3 quiz)

which of the following is an organizational impediment to creativity in a work environment

all of these (chapter 7 quiz)

which of the following is a reason teamwork can be more satisfying than traditional work

all of these are reasons why (chapter 10)

which of the following statements about ISO 9000 is true?

all of these statements about ISO 9000 are true (chapter 18)

is the degree to which a job gives workers the discretion, freedom, and independence to decide how and when to accomplish their jobs

autonomy

Uganda is one of only two countries in the world that produce a mineral required in the manufacturing of cellular phones. A company which mines that rare mineral decided to not invest in the country due to a bloody civil war resulting from a change in rulers. The mining company used a(n) ____.

avoidance strategy

the 2 basic types of diversity training programs

awareness training and skill-based diversity training

the two basic types of diversity training programs are

awareness training and skills-based diversity training

In terms of the basic methods of control, __________ control is an improvement over __________ control because it attempts to eliminate or shorten the delay between performance and feedback about the performance.

b. concurrent; feedback

When a manufacturer makes a product continuously, it is using:

b. continuous-flow production

One of the best ways for top managers to hear what others feel and think is through:

b. frequent informal meetings

The __________ interview uses only standardized, job-related interview questions that are prepared ahead of time and asked of all candidates

b. structured

___________ are procedures used to verify the truthfulness and accuracy of information that applicants provide about themselves and to uncover negative, job-related background information not provided by applicants.

background check

A study in the construction industry found that when equipment is stolen from building sites, workers are the culprits 82 percent of the time. Which type of selection information would employers in the construction industry receive the greatest benefit from if their goal is to stop employee theft?

background checks

______ are procedures used to verify the truthfulness and accuracy of information that applicants provide about themselves and to uncover negative, job-related background information not provided by applicants.

background checks

are procedures used to verify the truthfulness and accuracy of information that applicants provide about themselves and to uncover negative, job related background information not provided by applicants

background checks

______ is a control method that encourages managers to look beyond traditional measures to evaluate four different perspectives on company performance.

balanced scorecard

according to Michael Porter, 5 industry forces determine an industry's overall attractiveness and potential for long-term profitability. Which of the following is one of those forces Porter identified

bargaining power of suppliers

to improve traditional performance appraisal feedback sessions, it is recommended that managers

base performance appraisal feedback on self-appraisals

To minimize the problems inherent in firing employees, managers should do which of the following?

before firing employees, managers should give them a chance to improve

to minimize the problems inherent in firing employees, managers should do with of the following

before firing employees, managers should give them a change to improve

_______ control regulates workers' actions and routines on the job, while ______ control measures the results of their efforts.

behavior, and output

which of the following is an example of a subjective performance measure?

behavioral observation scales

BARS

behaviorally anchored rating scales. for each task, statements that describe the employee'e performance are presented. the manager selects the statement that best describes the employee's performance for that task.

______ allows a trucking company not only to compare its safety performance with other companies but to also adopt those practices found to be superior...

benchmarking

Companies may determine standards by ____.

benchmarking other companies

Which training method is NOT used to practice, learn, or change job behaviors?

b. Lectures

__________ is the degree to which group members are psychologically attracted to working with each other to accomplish a common objective.

b. Social integration

The International Gay Rodeo Association (IGRA) began in 1976. By the end of the 1980s, gay rodeos were being held in more than a dozen states, and today there are 24 chapters that have raised millions for charity. But even the IGRA is not exempt from concerns about discrimination. To avoid claims of ____, straights are allowed to participate in all IGRA events.

bona fide discrimination Correct disparate treatment*** gender selectivity quid pro quo selectivity hostile impact

The fact that a 98-pound job candidate is not hired as a dock worker to move 60-pound boxes of produce is legal as a result of .

bona fide occupational qualifications (BFOQ)

the fact that a 98-pound job candidate is not hired as a dock worker to move 60-pound boxes of produce is legal as a result of

bona fide occupational qualifications (BFOQs)

Compensation includes

both the financial and the nonfinancial rewards that organizations give employees in exchange for their work.

When the local fast-food restaurant manager caught one of her employees giving free food to his friends, she fired him on the spot. When another employee stayed late after work one night to help a woman start her car, the manager rewarded him. What type of control did the restaurant manager use in these two instances?

bureaucratic

______ control is top-down control in which managers to try to influence employee behavior by rewarding or punishing employees for compliance or noncompliance with organizational policies, rules, and procedures

bureaucratic

With ____, teams no longer have to go through the frustratingly slow process of multilevel reviews and signoffs to get management approval before making changes.

bureaucratic immunity

how do employees try to restore equity when they perceive that they have been treated unfairly?

by doing any of these (Chapter 13)

Measure actual performance

by measuring actual performance, an organization knows if it is successful, and to what level, and howl to improve success. an important consideration is what to measure and how frequently to measure it. what to measure and its frequency inputs and require preliminary controls

A leading coatings and paints manufacturer established a team made up of members from various departments to increase plant availability and decrease plant downtime. The plant loses considerable time daily because the assembly line has to be cleaned whenever the production schedule calls for a different color or type of paint to be produced. This cross-functional team needs to avoid ____ conflict if it hopes to be successful.

c-type Correct affective*** behavioral cognitive b-type

__________ is a control method that encourages managers to look beyond traditional measures to evaluate four different perspectives on company performance.

c. Balanced scorecard

__________ is a kind of one-on-one communication used by managers to improve an employee's on-the-job performance or behavior.

c. Coaching

Which of the following statements about knowledge is true?

c. Knowledge is the understanding that one gains from information.

The most important situational factor in Fieldler's Contingency Theory is:

c. Leader-member relations

The four dimensions of surface-level diversity that many managers use to form initial impressions can sometimes lead to discrimination. They are:

c. Physical capabilities, gender, Race/ethnicity, and age

The achievement of stretch goals is made easier when the team members have:

c. bureaucratic immunity

The three principles that characterize TQM are continuous improvement, teamwork, and:

c. customer focus and satisfaction

As a member of a typical of traditional work group, Joshua should expect to be responsible for:

c. doing what he is told to do

On the basis of research evidence, the two basic needs categories are:

c. higher-order and lower-order needs

Research at three universities has confirmed that two basic leader behaviors, ______ and ______, are central to successful leadership.

c. initiating structure; consideration

Which of the following shows the correct relationship for productivity, outputs, and inputs?

c. productivity = (outputs/inputs)

Which of the following is a basic component of equity theory?

c. referents

Team rewards that depend on __________ are the key to rewarding team behaviors and efforts.

c. team performance rather than individual performance

Organizational plurality is consistent with:

c. the learning and effectiveness paradigm

According to the text, which of the following levels of waste minimization produces the greatest minimization of waste?

c. waste prevention and reduction

In which of the following cases would written communication be preferable to oral communication?

c. when messages are very simple

References Etc will pose as a prospective employer, call a prior employer on an employee's behalf, and find out what the former employer is saying. If the prior employer provides unsubstantiated negative information, then the job applicant ____

can sue for defamation

What type of job interview might be used after a background question revealed the applicant had spent three years working in Africa convincing parents to allow their children to take polio vaccine?

canned Correct semistructured*** tangential creative programmed

Which of the following is an internal recruiting method?

career paths

which of the following is an internal recruiting method

career paths

Which of the following is a common type of rating error to which managers are prone in the performance appraisal process?

central tendency error

According to an Indian Cardinal by the name of Varkey Vithayathil, the greatest weakness of the Catholic Church is the way papal authority is exercised without the participation of those concerned. His eminence Cardinal Vithayathil is criticizing the fact that the Catholic Church relies on ____.

centralization of authority

Organizational authority is traditionally characterized by ____.

chain of command

organizational authority is traditionally characterized is traditionally characterized by:

chain of command

Preparation for international assignment

chances for success in an international assignment can be increased through language and cross-cultural training and consideration of spouse, family, and dual-career issues. -pre-departure language and cross cultural training is helpful. 3 methods: documentary training( critical diff between cultures ex: don't look person in eye), cultural simulations ( practice adapting cultural differences), field simulation ( places trainees in ethnic neighborhoods for 3 to 4 hrs to talk to residents) -adaptability screening is used to assess how well managers and their families are likely to adjust to foreign cultures

a company has experienced organizational _____ when it form, quality, or condition changes over time

change

Which of the following is a skill typically associated with managerial roles?

change inspiring Correct problem-solving*** long-term focus

A ______ is the individual who is formally in charge of guiding a change effort

change agent

Tom Valerio was the point man on a major push to reinvent CIGNA Property & Casualty. His vision for CIGNA was to become a top-quartile, specialist property and casualty company. It was a radical proposition. Valerio was a(n) ____.

change agent

is the individual who is formally in charge of guiding a change effort

change agent

according to Kurt Lewin, _____ lead to differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time, while ____ supports the status quo, or the existing state of conditions in an organization

change forces; resistance forces

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic methods for managing resistance to change?

change simulation

organic organizations

characertized by broadly defined jobs and responsibility lossely defined, frequently changing roles; and decentralized authority and horizontal communication based on task knowledge; works best in dynamic, changing business environments; concerned with organization process

mechanistic organizations

characterized by specialized jobs and responsibilities; percisely defined, unchanging roles, and a rigid chain of command based on centralized authority and vertical communication; works best in stable, unchanging business environments; concerned with organization structure

(Tu) Which of the following characteristics is typically associated with transformational leaders?

charismatic visionary action oriented Correct all of these are correct***

The 1993 stand-off between federal agents and people inside the Branch Dividian compound at Waco, Texas, resulted in the deaths of approximately 80 Branch Dividians, including leader David Koresh who declared himself the new messiah. Koresh used ________ to create strong relationships between him and his followers who were willing to die for him.

charismatic leadership

______ refers to the behavioral tendencies and personal characteristics of leaders that create an exceptionally strong relationship between them and their followers

charismatic leadership

the two types of visionary leadership are

charismatic leadership transformational leadership

the two types of visionary leadership are _____

charismatic leadership and transformational leadership

transformational : transformational leader

charismatic, visionary, energetic, action oriented, stimulating, trustworthy influences by: personal charm, magnetism, inspiration, emotion

Planning is ultimately based upon ____.

choosing a goal and developing a method or strategy to achieve that goal

Planning is ultimately based upon ______

choosing a goal and developing a method or strategy to achieve that goal

Planning is based upon

choosing a goal and developing a method or strategy to achieve that goal.

In empathetic listening, ____ is important because it demonstrates that you understand the speaker's emotions.

clarifying responses Correct reflecting feelings*** paraphrasing summarizing listening attribution

which of the following is NOT one of the core job characteristics in the job characteristics model (JCM)

client relatinships

Forms of Global Business

compnay makes transition from domestic to global in these sequential phases: exporting--cooperative contracts--strategic alliances--wholly owned affiliates each step company gets larger and less dependent on home country sales those who do not follow the phase model are known as global new ventures

type of team: virtual teams

composed of geographically and/or organizationally dispersed co-workers who use telecommunications and information technologies to accomplish an organizational task. members come from different departments, different levels, and perhaps different locations

type of team: cross functional teams

composed of workers from different functions and specialties who come together to accomplish a task. members come from different departments but usually the same level

In the perceptual process, ____ is the process of incorporating new information into your existing knowledge.

comprehension Correct organization*** interpretation retention attention

the ___ approach to managing innovation assumes that inocation is a predictable process

compression

the _______ approach to managing innovation assumes that innovation is a predictable process made up of a series of steps and that compressing the time it takes to complete those steps can speed up innovation

compression

the ability to perform _____ increases in its importance to success as managers' rise through the managerial ranks.

conceptual skills

Which skills increase in their importance to success as managers' rise through the managerial ranks?

conceptual skills and the motivation to manage

_______ control is a method of gathering info about performance deficiencies as they occur

concurrent

(Tu) Feedforward is also known as

concurrent control corrective control Correct preventive control*** all of the above

the three basic control methods are ______

concurrent control, feedback control, feedforward control

Before beginning to recruit, organizations must ____.

conduct a job analysis

In a departure from mainstream management thinking, Mary Parker Follett believed ____.

conflict could be beneficial

which of the Big Five Personality measures has the greatest impact on behavior in organizations

conscientiousness

intermittent reinforcement schedules

consequences are delivered after a specified or average time has elapsed or after a specified or average number of behaviors has occurred.

variable ratio reinforcement schedules

consequences are delivered following a different number of behaviors, sometimes more and sometimes less, that vary around a specified average number of behaviors.

fixed ratio reinforcement schedules,

consequences are delivered following a specific number of behaviors. For example, a car salesperson might receive a $1,000 bonus after every 10 sales. Therefore, a salesperson with only 9 sales would not receive the bonus until he or she finally sold a 10th car.

variable interval reinforcement schedules,

consequences follow a behavior after different times, some shorter and some longer, that vary around a specified average time.

fixed interval reinforcement schedules

consequences follow a behavior only after a fixed time has elapsed. For example, most people receive their paychecks on this schedule (e.g., once or twice per month).

in terms of leadership behavior, the term _____ refers to the extent to which a leader is friendly, approachable, supportive, and shows concern for employees.

consideration

a company decided to solicit _____ from the company's best customers. From the info gathered, the company learned that it needed to modify its invoice form and that the sales staff needed to engage in more follow up

constructive feedback

is feedback that is intended to be helpful, corrective, and/or encouraging and is aimed at correcting performance deficiencies and motivating employees.

constructive feedback

In many organizations, sales managers develop company-wide sales forecasts by asking members of the sales force to decide how much growth they anticipate in their individual sales territories. Sales managers then take the input from the individual salespeople and create the company-wide sales forecasts based on this information. In the normative decision model, this would be an example of a(n) _____ decision-making style.

consultative

Mass distributors lowered prices substantially to sell increased volumes of hardware products, and hardware stores managed the ____ costs of maintaining larger than needed inventories by including them as overhead.

containment stockout Correct holding*** amortization setup

W.L. Gore is the company that created Gore-Tex among many other innovative products. W.L. Gore employees (known as associates) don't have titles or bosses in the traditional sense. Instead, associates make commitments to work on projects that they believe are most worthy of their time. At W.L. Gore, few leaders are appointed; leaders simply emerge as needed by the other employees or the project itself. The Gore company more than likely adheres to the _____ theory of leadership.

contingency

_____ is the regulatory process of establishing standards that will achieve organizational goals, comparing actual performance to those standards, and then, if necessary taking corrective action to restore performance to those standards

control

the term ____ refers to the overal organizational strategy

coporate level strategy

in any organization, the ___ are the less visible, internal decision making routines, problem solving processes, and organizational cultures that determine how efficiently inputs can be turned into outputs

core capabilities

Home depot opened stores in canada

cost leadership

The primary disadvantage of using wholly owned affiliates as the means of entering a foreign market is ____.

costs

_______ is communication with someone about non-job related issues that may be affecting or interfering with the person's performance

counseling

is communication with someone about non-job-related issues that may be affecting or interfering with the person's performance.

counseling

Frederick Taylor is famous for

creating the principles of scientific management

Frederick Taylor is famous for____.

creating the principles of scientific management

_____ are workpace cultures in which workers percieve that new ideas are welcomed

creative work envinronment

______ are workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged.

creative work enviornments

are workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged

creative work environment

__ refers to the production of novel and useful ideas

creativity

_____ refers to the production of novel and useful ideas

creativity

refers to the production of novel and useful ideas

creativity

transformational : organization

crisis, change forces, need for new vision

an organization engaged in _____ its work team members is training them in how to do all or most of the jobs performed by the other team memebers

cross training

an organization engaged in____its work team members is training them in how to do all or most of the jobs performed by the other team members

cross training

the ____ is purposefully composed of employees from different functional areas of the organization

cross-functional team

The Green Giant consumer products company learned that it could not use their Jolly Green Giant character in parts of Asia where a green hat worn by a man signifies that he has an unfaithful wife. This is an example of a(n) ____ that influenced global marketing.

cultural difference

A manufacturer of acrylic and latex gloves sells to medical laboratories, to factories where employees handle chemicals, to companies that manufacture micro-tech equipment, and to cleaning services. Because it is organized to better satisfy the needs of each of its four target markets, the manufacturer uses ____ departmentalization.

customer

A manufacturer of acrylic, latex, and nitrile gloves sells to medical laboratories, to factories where employees handle chemicals, to companies that manufacture micro-tech equipment, and to cleaning services because it is organized to better satisfy the needs of each of its four target markets, the manufacturer uses ___

customer

large accounting agencies typically have separate departments that deal with households, businesses, and governments. this allows them to better serve the needs of their clients by using ____ departmentalization

customer

The three principles that characterize TMQ are continuous improvements, teamwork, and _____

customer focus and satisfaction

a technology ____ begins with the birth of a new tech....

cycle

a technology ____ begins with the birth of a new technology and ends with that technology reaches its limits and dies as it is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology

cycle

design iteration

cycle of repetition in which a company tests a prototype of a new product or service, improves on the design, and then builds and tests the improved product or service prototype

The steps of the basic perception process are:

d. Attention, organization, interpretation, and retention

Which of the following statements explains why diversity actually makes good business sense?

d. Diversity helps companies attract and recruit talented employees.

__________ is a compensation system in which companies share the financial value of performance gains, such as productivity, cost savings, or quality, with their workers.

d. Gainsharing

Which of the following statements about goal-setting theory is true?

d. Goals can energize behavior.

Which of the following statements about the characteristics and costs of useful information is true?

d. Useful information does not come cheaply.

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, __________ means setting challenging goals, having high expectations of employees, and displaying confidence that employees will assume responsibility and put forth extraordinary effort.

d. achievement-oriented leadership

Goal acceptance is most similar to the idea of:

d. goal commitment

A(n) __________ is a private company network that allows employees to easily access, share, and publish information using Internet software.

d. intranet

A __________ is a purposeful, systematic process for collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job.

d. job analysis

Fiedler's contingency theory assumes:

d. leaders are effective when their work groups perform well

Normative controls should be used when:

d. organizational culture, values, and beliefs are strong

The goal of an executive information system (EIS) is to:

d. provide accurate, complete, relevant, and timely information to managers

For the purposes of data mining, ____ patterns are just the opposite of association patterns.

divorce adjacency Correct predictive*** affinity asymmetrical

To ensure that sexual harassment laws are followed and not violated, companies should .

do all of the above

when teams are used properly and in the right settings, work teams can:

do all of these

for the goal-setting theory to work, goals must

do all of these (Chapter 13)

to make sure that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as everyone else, organizations can ____

do all of these (chapter 12)

Benefits of planning

does none of these

Mary Parker Follett believed managers typically deal w/conflict in one of three ways

domination compromise integration

mary parker follet believed managers typically deal with conflict in one of three ways

domination, compromise, integration

When the CEO of a large corporation explained to their unionized employees why the company had to reduce healthcare coverage for its employees, he was engaging in _____ communications.

downward

the three formal communication channels in organizations are categorized as ______

downward, horizontal, and upward

the primary disadvantage of customer departmentalization is _____

duplication

The primary disadvantage of geographic departmentalization is ____.

duplication of resources

the product quality characteristic of _____ is defined as the mean time before product failure.

durability

The only place where the finished product can be assessed is

during the input stage during the transformation stage during the feedforward control process Correct during the output stage***

__________ is the loss of high-performing employees who voluntarily choose to leave a company.

dysfunctional turnover

the U.S. chemical industry faces a looming shortage of process operators and is hiring new ones as fast as it can. the average age of an effective process operator is 50. a wave of retirements among these highly qualified and experienced operators in coming years will create openings for as many as 10,000 operator in the chemical industry. the retirement of the current operators is an example of

dysfunctional turnover

Darlene Jespersen worked in a sports bar. She was an outstanding employee, but she didn't wear makeup because she felt it "took away her credibility" and interfered with her ability to be an effective bartender, which sometimes required her to deal with unruly, intoxicated guests. This changed when the sports bar implemented a "beverage department image transformation" program. Female employees were told they would be fired if they did not wear makeup. Jespersen contended that it was an example of ____ because male employees did not have to wear makeup.

disparate treatment

Darlene Jespersen worked in a sports bar. She was an outstanding employee, but she didn't wear makeup because she felt it "took away her credibility" and interfered with her ability to be an effective bartender, which sometimes required her to deal with unruly, intoxicated guests. This changed when the sports bar implemented a "beverage department image transformation" program. Female employees were told they would be fired if they did not wear makeup. Jespersen contended that it was an example of _____ because male employees did not have to wear makeup.

disparate treatment

___________ is intentional discrimination that occurs when people are purposefully not given the same hiring, promotion, or membership opportunities because of their race, sex, age, ethnic group, national origin, or religious beliefs.

disparate treatment

is intentional discrimination that occurs when people are purposefully not given the same hiring, promotion, or membership opportunities because of their race, sex, age, ethnic group, national origin, or religious beliefs

disparate treatment

_____ is intentional discrimination that occurs when people are purposefully not given the same hiring, promotion, or membership opportunities because of their race, sex, age, ethnic group, national origin, or religious beliefs.

disparate treatments

(Tu) As an employee progresses in readiness, the leader should begin to

display more relationship behavior explain decisions to the employee allow the opportunity for clarification Correct all of these are correct***

an individuals ______ refers to his or her tendency to respond to situations and events in a predetermined manner.

disposition

a manufacturer of suntan lotion could set a ____ goal to increase revenues by 8% over the next 5 years and a ____ goal to increase sales next June in the Miami Beach area by 3%

distal; proximal

Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. introduced the first major production mountain bike in 1980. 2/3 of its profits from the sale of mountain bikes. It is recognized worldwide for its ability to design and produce superior mountain bikes. This ability is its

distinctive competence

Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. introduced the first major production mountain bike in 1980. Two-thirds of its profits come from the sale of mountain bikes. It is recognized worldwide for its ability to design and produce superior mountain bikes. This ability is its ____.

distinctive competence

is the perceived degree to which outcomes and rewards are fairly distributed or allocated

distributive justice

The three basic measures of inventory are inventory turnover, average aggregate inventory, and:

d. weeks of supply

The U.S. chemical industry faces a looming shortage of process operators and is hiring new ones as fast as it can. The average age of an effective process operator is 50. A wave of retirements among these highly qualified and experienced operators in coming years will create openings for as many as 10,000 operators in the chemical industry. The retirement of the current operators is an example of ____.

de-employment Correct dysfunctional turnover*** reactive turnover regressive turnover a "brain leak"

n the stages of team development, a team moves from growth to decline during the ____ stage.

de-norming

An Indian Catholic Cardinal's call for local church leaders to have more power and for papal authority to be distributed to lower levels within the Catholic hierarchy has elicited agreement from other church leaders in India. He also asserted that bishops should not have "to run to Rome for everything" and that canon law should be modified to allow the pope to share his authority. Vithayathil is calling for ____.

decentralization

True

deciding where to "go global" is just as important as deciding how your company will go global. t/f

product/service mix and design

decisions about what products or services to provide will determine what inputs (resources) are required, what processes will be required to transform the inputs into the products or services, and how customers will respond to the finished products and services

according to John Kotter, which of the following actions will adversely influence refreezing efforts

declaring victory too soon

_________ consists of differences such as personality and attitudes that are learned only through extended interaction with others and are communicated through verbal and nonverbal behaviors

deep level diversity

As the German pharmaceuticals company decided to implement a diversity training program, its human resources managers discovered the Americans reached decisions very quickly. One German manager described them as "hip shooters." He said, "We [Germans] are more analytical. We're more logical and systematic." This discovery had to do with ____.

deep-level diversity

_____consists of differences communicated through verbal and nonverbal behaviors, such as personality and attitudes that are learned only through extended interaction with others

deep-level diversity

Hohner is a company that manufactures and markets harmonicas, a product with a steady demand rate. It is so successful at what it does that the company controls 85 percent of the world's harmonica industry. In terms of the adaptive strategies, Hohner would most likely be categorized as a(n) ____.

defender

the social responsiveness strategy that could be considered essentially a public relations approach is the _____ strategy.

defensive

which of the following steps in the decision making process can be done better by groups than by individuals

defining the problem and generating alternatives

The marketing manager of a company that manufactures church furniture has been given the job of increasing corporate profits by 5 percent during the upcoming year. The manager decided to give his assistant the full responsibility and authority for developing a mailing campaign to target churches on the Mississippi Gulf Coast. In other words, the marketing manager has ____.

delegated the task

_____ involves assigning direct authority and responsibility to a subordinate to complete tasks for which the manager is normally responsible

delegation of authority

_____assigns direct authority and responsibility to a subordinate to complete tasks for which the manager is normally responsible

delegation of authority

type of team: formal (team)

deliberately formed by the organization to accomplish specific tasks and achieve goals. members often come from the same department

Economic value added (EVA) is so important because it ____.

demonstrates the importance of a business or subset of a business to customers Correct makes managers at all levels pay much closer attention to how they run their segment of the business*** causes managers and workers to maintain the status quo determines if a business or unit of a business is a star, question mark, cash cow, or dog and the necessary action to follow is an improved form of the Balanced Scorecard approach to control

As a consequence of the Industrial Revolution and its emphasis on specialization, institutions providing higher education developed strict departments that contained specialized functions. This organizational structure was perceived as a way to enhance the accumulation and dissemination of knowledge. Institutions providing higher education have traditionally used ____.

departmentalization

Kimberly-Clark is subdivided into organizational units called Kimberly-Clark Health Care, which provides products to hospitals, Kimberly-Clark Professional, which sells to businesses, and Kimberly-Clark Consumer, which sells the company's products to customers. From this information, you know that Kimberly-Clark uses ____.

departmentalization

______ is a general term that refers to subdividing work and workers into separate organizational units that are responsible for completing particular tasks

departmentalization

is a general term that refers to subdividing work and workers into separate organizational units that are responsible for completing particular tasks

departmentalization

first step of managing innovation during discontinuous change

design iteration

management development

designed to improve the ethnical, interpersonal, and concept; skills of supervisors, manages, and executives. may include job rotation, classroom training, simulations, role playing, and case study projects, and interactive video

Which one of the following traits refers to high levels of effort and is characterized by achievement, motivation, ambition, energy, tenacity, and initiative?

desire to lead motivational cues Correct Drive*** self-confidence Charisma

is feedback that is disapproving w/out any intention of being helpful and almost always causes a negative or defensive reaction in the recipient.

destructive feedback

the first stage in human resource management is to:

determine human resource needs

Job evaluation

determines the worth of each job by determining market value of skills required to perform it

In order to ensure that women have the same opportunities for development and advancement as men, companies should ____.

develop mentoring programs

(Tu) A transformational leader helps organizations and people make positive changes in the way they do things by

developing new visions for the organization mobilizing employees to accept and work toward attaining the visions Correct both a and b are correct*** neither a nor be are correct

About half of the companies using 360-degree feedback for performance appraisal now use the feedback only for

developmental purposes.

revise the standard

deviations from the standard are sometimes attributable to errors in the standard itself rather than to performance problems. the appropriate response involves revising the performance standards.

approach to decision making is a method in which an individual or subgroup is assigned the role of critic

devil's advocate

reciprocal interdepedence

different jobs or groups work togetherin a back-and-forther manner to complete the process

____ is a method investment in which a company builds a new business or buys an exsisting in a foreign country

direct foreign investment

tariff

direct tax on imported goods. Like the U.S. government's 93% duty on fireworks imported from China, tariffs increase the cost of imported goods relative to that of domestic goods.

According to the path goal theory of leadership, ____ involves letting employees know precisely what is expected of them, giving them specific guidelines for performing tasks...

directive leadership

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, what type of leadership is being practiced that involves letting employees know precisely what is expected of them, giving them specific guidelines for performing tasks, scheduling work, setting standards of performance, and making sure that people follow standard rules and regulations.

directive leadership

True

directive leadership is a leadership style in which leaders set challenging goals, have high expectations of employees, and display confidence that employees will assume responsibility and put forth extraordinary effort. t/f

_____ is a term that describes a situation in organizations when there is a variety of demographic, cultural, and personal differences among the people who work there and the customers who do business there.

diversity

a modern factory owned by 3Com in Morton Grove, Illinois, has 1,200 workers who speak 20 different languages. This factory illustrates:

diversity

the american with disabilities act of 1990

disabilities, giving raises

____ is the phase of the techonolgy cycle characterized by technological subsitiion and design competition

discontinuous change

companies are not considered unethical if they do not perform their ______ responsibilities

discretionary

when resistance to change is based on insufficient, incorrect, or misleading information, managers should use ___ as an approach to manage resistance

education and communication

a manager striving to improve organizational ______ is accomplishing tasks that help achieve organizational objectives

effectiveness

One of the primary reasons for the slow response to help the victims of Hurricane Katrina was an antiquated government system that was bogged down in bureaucratic red tape. In other words, the failure of assistance to arrive in a timely fashion was due to a lack of:

efficiency

coca-cola and pepsi co spent a total of 75 million to launch two sodas, banking on the low carb trend... the introductions failed to achieve

efficiency

basic model of work motivation and performance

effort -initiation -direction -persistance leads to performance

A system that is designed to manage farm field irrigation and farming pest management decisions, based on 20 years of scientific research and data then advise farmers how much to irrigate and when to check soil temperatures is called a(n) _______.

electronic data interchange pragmatic portal data mining Correct expert system*** executive information system

who is responsible for the fact that most products are manufactured using standardized, interchangeable parts

eli whitney

Management theorist _____ is best known for his role in the Hawthorne Studies

elton mayo

type of team: informal (group)

emerges over time through the normal interaction of worker. members come from anywhere in the organization as a result of social activities

people with the Big Five Dimension of ____ respond well under stress

emotional stability

which of the following is one of the Big Five personality dimensions

emotional stability

which of the following traits refers to the tendency of leaders to remain even tempered and consistent in their outlook and the way they treat others even when things go wrong?

emotional stability

which of the following traits refers to the tendency of leaders to remain even-tempered and consistent in their outlook and the way they treat others even when things go wrong

emotional stability

______ is a technique of understanding the speaker's perspective and personal frame of reference and giving feedback that conveys that understanding to the speaker

empathetic listening

An article addressed to nurses who work in intensive care emphasize practices affirming the patient's intrinsic value and individual personality. One method to affirm the patient's intrinsic value is to demonstrate ____

empathy

job specialization can result in

employee boredom

____do NOT have the authority to make decisions

employee involvement teams

human resource controls

employee productivity measure are used to prevent or correct problems in employee motivation and performance

An ESOP is an ____

employee stock ownership plan

Which of the following is another term for considerate leadership behavior?

employee-centered leadership

piecework pay plans

employees are paid a set rate for each item produced up to some standard (e.g., 35 cents per item produced for output up to 100 units per day). Once productivity exceeds the standard, employees are paid a set amount for each unit of output over the standard (e.g., 45 cents for each unit above 100 units).

ranking

employees doing the same or similar work are compared. the manager lists the employees from best to worst in terms of their performance

profit sharing

employees receive a portion of the organization's profits over and above their regular compensation. The more profitable the company, the more profit is shared

Phased retirement

employees transition to retirement by working reduced hours before completely retiring -have more free time but continue to ear salaries

Matrix Departmentalization

employees usually report to two bosses, lead to much more cross functional interaction, require significant coordination between managers

General effect of the laws

employers may not discriminate in employment decisions based on sex, age, religion, color, national origin, race, disability.

is a feeling of intrinsic motivation, in which workers perceive their work to have meaning and perceive themselves to be competent, having an impact, and capable self-determination

empowerment

in the model of the communication process presented in the text, _____ occurs when a message is put into a written, verbal, or symbolic form that can be recognized and understood by the receiver.

encoding

which of the following is a commonly used method for increasing goal commitment

encouraging worker participation in goal setting

The first step managers use to make sense of their changing environments is ____

environmental scanning

the first step managers use to make sense of their changing environments

environmental scanning

According to _____, people will be motivated when they perceive they are being treated fairly

equity theory

according to ____, people will be motivated when they perceive they are being treated fairly.

equity theory

Companies can achieve growth mainly by ____.

growing internally through direct expansion or creating new businesses

A top manager for a management consulting firm would:

establish a positive organizational culture that encourages employees to be passionate about their clients

the two kinds of charismatic leaders are referred to as ______

ethical charismatics and unethical charismatics

What term describes the degree of concern people have about an ethical issue?

ethical intensity

what term describes the degree of concern people have about an ethical issue?

ethical intensity

As a company that manufactures janitorial cleaning supplies tries to develop more environmentally -friendly products that can clean as well as its current ones, the company's manager must select among alternatives derived from oranges, parsley, lemon, or a combination of these ingredients. This is the ____ step in the rational decision-making model.

evaluate each alternative

Quality is typically defined and measured in three ways. They are ____.

excellence, value, and conformance to expectations

which of the following is the only type of responsibility given to traditional work groups

executive the task

companies relying on a trucking company providing just-in-time (JIT) transportation would _____

expect the chemical and dry bulk procedures to be delivered as they are needed by the production line

states that people will be motivated to the extent to which they believe that their efforts will lead to good performance, that good performance will be rewarded, and they are often attractive rewards

expectancy theory

critical psychological states

experienced meaningfulness of the work, experienced responsibility for the outcomes of work On the JCM

The ____ approach to innovation assumes that innovation is occurring within a highly uncertain environment and that the key to fast product innovation is to use intuition, flexible options, and hands-on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning and understanding.

experiential

approach to innovation assumes that innovation is occurring w/in a highly uncertain environment and that the key to fast product innovation is to use intuition, flexible options, and hand-on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning and understanding

experiential

the ____ approach to innovation assumes that innovation is occuring withing a highly uncertain environment

experiential

situational: selling

explain decisions and allow for clarification task behavior high relationship behavior high readiness level of followers moderately low

Fran Wilson Creative Cosmetics is a medium-sized U.S. company that sells 1.5 million tubes of its lipstick annually in Japan. It has no physical presence within the country beyond the fact its products are sold there. Fran Wilson Creative Cosmetics uses ____ to reach the Japanese market.

exporting

___ occurs when a company sells domestically produced products to customers in foreign countries

exporting

_____ is reinforcement strategy which weakens a behavior over time because the behavior has no consequences, positive or negative.

extinction

facilities layout

facilities are designed so that inputs are transformed into outputs as effectively as possible. facilities can range from inflexible, high volume product layouts, to very flexible, low-volume process layouts. the layout affects the degree to which the business will focus on specific, made-to-order customer needs, or mass produce items that sit in retail distribution outlets waiting for a customer's purchases

Dysfunctional turnover is the loss of high-performing employees due to unplanned downsizing.

false

Employee turnover is always bad for an organization.

false

In setting their pay structures, companies use a procedure known as performance assessment, which determines the worth of each job by determining the market value of the knowledge, skills, and requirements needed to perform it.

false

Once a company finishes the downsizing process, it should never need to downsize again.

false

The hostile work environment form of sexual harassment occurs when employment outcomes such as hiring, promotion, or simply keeping one's job depend on whether an individual submits to being sexually harassed.

false

Training does not provide opportunities for employees to develop the job-specific skills, experience, and knowledge they need to do their jobs or improve their performance.

false

In the model of the communication process presented in text, ____ makes senders aware of possible miscommunications and enables them to continue communicating until the receiver understands the intended message.

feedback

360-degree feedback

feedback comes from four sources: the boss, subordinates, peers and coworkers, and the employees themselves. The data, which are obtained anonymously (except for the boss's), are compiled into a feedback report comparing the employee's self-ratings with those of the boss, subordinates, and peers and coworkers. Usually, a consultant or human resource specialist discusses the results with the employee. The advantage of 360-degree programs is that negative feedback ("You don't listen") is often more credible when it comes from several people.

The three basic control methods are ____.

feedback control, feedforward control, and symmetry control balance control, vertical control, and symmetry control Correct concurrent control, feedback control, and feedforward control*** feedforward control, presumptive control, and stasis control stasis control, feedback control, and simultaneous control

Caterpillar announced plans to cut its production of construction equipment due to forecasted increases in steel prices. By discovering the problem with product inputs and letting customers know that its output will fall short, Caterpillar used ____ controls.

feedforward

_____ control is a method of gathering info about performance deficiencies before they occur.

feedforward

(Tu) Which type of control focuses on activities occurring during the transformation process?

feedforward Correct concurrent*** feedback simultaneous

A manufacturer of automatic locking devices shipped 20,000 devices to a car manufacturer that was unable to use them because of a design flaw. If the manufacturer of the devices waited until the parts were returned before determining why it created unusable component parts, it would be using ____ control.

feedforward Correct feedback*** balanced dynamic concurrent

empowerment

feelings of intrincisc motation, in which workers percieve their work to have impact and meaning and perceive themselves to be competent and capable of self-determination

in the traditional control systems used at most companies, _____ measures are used to assess performance.

financial

A company makes only one product. The company is carefully evaluating what it learned in becoming such a success to see if it could use the same strategy to expand internationally. Which perspective of the Balanced Scorecard is this manufacturer emphasizing?

financial perspective policies and procedures perspective customer perspective internal business perspective Correct innovation and learning perspective***

The goal of scientific management is to

find the one best way to perform each task

The three stages of inventory management are inputs, __________, and outputs.

finished goods inventory Correct transformation*** raw goods inventory none of these

the chairs of the accounting, marketing, and communications departments at a typical university are assuming the roles of ______ because they supervise non managerial employees.

first-line managers

In a(n) _____ reinforcement schedule, consequences are delivered following a specific number of behaviors

fixed ratio

The positioning strategies identified by Michael porter are

focus, cost leadership, and differentiation

Positioning strategies by Michael porter are

focus, cost leadership, and differntiation

inadequate capacity

for producing goods or services may cause customers to purchase them from competitors. lost sales means fewer profits and slower growth

sales budget

forecast expected revenues, generally stated by product line on a monthly basis and revised at least annually

protectionism is the use of trade barriers to protect local companies

foreign compeitition

Protectionism is the use of trade barriers to protect local companies and their workers from

foreign competiiton

The ______ is the system of official channels that carry organizationally approved messages and information

formal communication channel

milestones

formal project review points used to assess progress and performance

The stage of team development during which we would expect to find conflict in terms of differences of opinions regarding the team tasks and objectives, with different ideas on how to best achieve the team's goals is

forming norming Correct storming*** performing

Which of the following types of global organization is most likely to suffer problems associated with being culture bound?

franchising

___ are both exampls of cooperative contracts

franchising and licensing

Global business is defined as____. the buying and selling of goods and services to people

from different countries

product prototype

full-scale working model that is being tested for design, function, and reliability

Which of the following types of departmentalization does NOT have a problem with the duplication of resources?

functional

____ departmentalization is defined as organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions or areas of expertise

functional

____departmentalization is defined as organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions or areas of expertise

functional

5 methods of departmentalization

functional product customer geographic matrix

which of the following statements about functional departmentalization is true?

functional departmentalization allows work to be done by highly qualified specialists

_____ departmentalization is defined as organzing work and workers into sperate units

funtional

is a compensation system in which companies share the financial value or performance gains such as productivity, cost savings, or quality with their works

gainsharing

which of the following is a method used for compensating employees for team participation and accomplishments

gainsharing

what are the two types of external organizational environments?

general and specific

in terms of external organizational environments, the ____ environment affects all organizations while the _____ environment is unique to each company.

general; specific

in the 1960s, Coca-Cola executives in Atlanta learned there was a bottler in the Colombian jungle that was bottling pirated Coke in dumped bottles. Coke decided in the ____ stage of the rational decision making process that it had to either bring some sort of legal action against the unauthorized bottler, ignore it, or buy it.

generation of alternative courses of action

unfreezing

getting the people affected by change to believe that change is needed

Stock options

give employees the right to purchase shares of stock at a set price

situational: telling

give specific instructions and supervise closely task behavior high relationship behavior high readiness level of followers low (inexperience/immature)

is a barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing to the top jobs in an organization

glass ceiling

the____is a barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing to the top jobs in organizations

glass celing

suppose that a Mexican car manufacturer wants to export cars to Guatemala. Knowing that the distribution of income w/in Guatemala is highly unequal and that about 75% of the population is below the poverty line would be an ______ component in the manufacturer's general environment

economic

which of the following statements about social responsibility is true

economic and legal responsibilities play a larger role in a company's social responsibility than do ethical and discretionary responsibilities

Lever's most successful product in India is Fair & Lovely, a skin whitening agent that is sold to dark-skinned women in India marketed to help the women find better husbands and better jobs. Lever is emphasizing its ____ responsibility to make a profit and ignoring its ____ responsibility to help women realize that their appearances are superficial.

economic; discretionary

A multinational company that acts with ____ has offices, manufacturing plants, and distribution facilities in different countries all which run based on the same rules, guidelines, policies, and procedures.

global consistency

A multinational company that acts with _____ has officers, manufacturing plants, and distribution facilitates in different countries which are all run based on same rules, guidelines, policies, and procedures

global consistency

In a multinational firm, managers at company headquarters typically prefer an emphasis on ____ because it simplifies decisions.

global consistency

the multinational company that acts with ____ has offices, manufactoring plants in different countries with same rules and guidlines

global consistency

New Companies that are founded with an active global strategy and have sales, employees, and financing in different countries

global new ventures

New companies with sales, employees, and financing in different countries that are found with an active global strategy are called ____.

global new ventures

False

global new ventures bring a good or service to market in one foreign market at a time. t/f

The U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines impose smaller fines on companies that ____.

have already established a specific type of compliance program

people higher in the chain of command

have the right, if they so choose, to give commands, take action, and make decisions concerning activities occuring anywhere below them in the chain

Which of the following questions is deemed acceptable (i.e., "legal") for employers to ask applicants during the selection process?

have you ever been convicted of a crime?

which of the following questions is deemed acceptable for employers to ask applicants during the selection process

have you ever been convicted of a crime?

The normative decision theory ____.

helps managers determine how much employee participation should be used in decision making

______ is best known for developing the five functions of managers and the fourteen principles of management

henri fayol

cohesiveness of a team affects the team goal of "aligned with organization's goals"

high cohesiveness: highest performance low cohesiveness: moderate performance

cohesiveness of a team affects the team goal of "not aligned with organization's goals"

high cohesiveness: low performance low cohesiveness: moderate to low performance

personal and work outcomes

high internal work motivation On the JCM

According to a survey done on teaching evaluations, engineering students consider the improvement of teaching to be the most important outcome of the evaluation process. For engineering students who believe their efforts will lead to better teaching, the motivation to fill out a teaching evaluation would have a

high valence

groupthink occurs in

highly cohesive groups where there is a great deal of pressure to agree with each other

(Tu) When some team members engage in ___________________ and still share in rewards, team cohesiveness may be negatively affected.

horseplay storming Correct social loafing*** high effort toward performance

Typically the most important factor in the relationship between companies and their suppliers is ____.

how dependent they are on each other

typically the most important factor in the relationship between companies and their suppliers is____

how dependent they are on each other.

tutorial on equal employment opportunity (EEO), recruitment and selection process, training and development process, performance and appraisal process

http://www.swlearning.com/management/middlemist/em/modules/begin.html

tutorial on types of teams, stage of development, team cohesiveness, social loafing

http://www.swlearning.com/management/middlemist/em/modules/begin.html

_____ is the process of finding, developing, and keeping the right people to form a qualified work force.

human resource management

____is the process of finding, developing, and keeping the right people to form a qualified work force

human resource management

what type of skills tend to be equally important at all levels of management?

human skills

matrix

hybrid structure in which 2 or more forms of departmentalization are used together.. most common is product and functional

transformational : followers and teams

identify with leader, identify with vision, become more cohesive, empowered, energized which effects the needed change

solve the problem

if the deviation is unacceptable, then the response is to take corrective action. corrective action usually requires making a change n some behavior, activity, or aspect of the organization to bring performance into line with the standards

take no corrective action

if the deviation was acceptable or if there was no deviation, then the response is to take no corrective action. providing positive feedback, and sometimes rewards, to responsible individuals is useful in maintaining motivation to perform to the standards

employee hired

if the job analysis, description, and specification processes have been done well, and if the recruitment and selection processes have been done well, the company will be ables to hire the best qualifies candidate for the job

A _____ is the resource that is impossible or extremely costly or difficult for other firms to duplicate.

imperfectly imitable

An ____ is a resource that is impossible or extremely costly or difficult for other firms to duplicate

imperfectly imitable

Diversity helps companies grow by ____.

improving marketplace understanding

diversity helps companies grow by

improving marketplace understanding

True

in the behavioral approach to managerial control, a company's widely shared values and beliefs guide workers' behavior and decisions. t/f

job enlargement

increasing the number of differnet tasks that a worker performers within one particular job; often viewed as just more work and more stressful to the employee Ex: having a mirror attacher at a car dealer clean and check mirror power controls

job enrichment

increasing the number of tasks in a particular job and giving workers the authority and control to make meaningful decisions about their work

during the ___ phase of a technology cycle, companies innovate by lowering the cost and improving the functioning and performance of the dominant design

incremental change

dept ratios

indicators of the firm's ability to handle long-term debt

liquidity ratios

indicators of the firm's ability to meet its short-term debts and obligations

What are two of Hofstede's five cultural dimensions

individualism Power idstance

For a fast-food restaurant chain that is famous for its small, square hamburgers. Which of the following would be a component of its general environment?

inflation

The news provided by the military to soldiers serving in vietnam was something censored...... soldiers in the field could hear the broadcasts on their field radios. this would be an example of _____ communication channel

informal

College football coaching requires that coaches design every facet of practices, set goals for their players, determine schedules, and even direct all of the plays during the games. College football coaching uses ____ type of managing.

initiating structure

In terms of leadership behavior, the term ____ refers to the extent to which a leader is friendly, approachable, supportive, and shows concern for employees.

initiating structure job-centered leadership Correct consideration*** concern for production autonomy

organizational ____ is the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations

innovation

organizational _________ is the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations

innovation

An article on public libraries contained the following statement "the balanced scorecard helps organize and run the library according to a specific strategic plan while demonstrating the library's value to the community asa whole" Standards suggested to use with the ____ area.....

innovation and learning perspective

An article on public libraries contained the following statement: "The Balanced Scorecard helps organize and run the library according to a specific strategic plan, while demonstrating the library's value to the community as a whole." When dealing with the ____ area of the Balanced Scorecard, the article advised librarians to ask, "How can the library continue to improve and create value?"

innovation and learning perspective

Patters of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage are called ______

innovation streams

patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage are called

innovation streams

Semi-finished items are found at what stage in the inventory management system?

input stage Correct transformation stage*** output stage stage coach stage

Which of the following is an example of an objective performance measure?

input/output measures

Which of the following is a major concern of leaders (as opposed to managers)?

inspiring and motivating others

which of the following is a major concern of leaders (as opposed to managers)?

inspiring and motivating others

Oftentimes when an individual is running for a local political office, he or she promises to consider each issue, make decisions that are good for the entire community and reduce taxes. When the individual assumes office, he or she is often unable to carry through on political promises, an inability which leads to a perceived problem with ______

integrity

Estimates of from 2 percent to 20 percent of a taxicab company's driver workforce could result as new federal regulations requiring that all drivers be fingerprinted and the drivers checked to see if they have a criminal record. This new ____ will cause a worsening problem for the already over-extended employer.

integrity check Correct background check*** recruitment evaluation procedure biographical data assessment validation test

refers to the events and trends inside an organization that affect management, employees, and the organizational culture

internal environment

the term ____ refers to the events and trends inside an organization that affect management, employees, and the organizational culture

internal environment

The central concern of the job characteristics model (JCM) is ____.

internal motivation

the central concern of the job characteristics model (JCM) is:

internal motivation

In the perceptual process, ____ is the process of attaching meaning to new knowledge.

interpretation

unstructured interviews

interviewers are free to ask applicants anything they want, and studies show that they do.

_______ are the rewards associated with performing a task or activity or its own sake

intrinsic rewards

Hierarchical pay structures

involve big differences from one pay level to another. The highest pay levels are for people near the top of the pay distribution.

The Gantt chart

is a chart that shows when & where tasks need to be completed so that a job can be completed in a timely fashion

The Gantt chart ____.

is a chart that shows when and where tasks need to be completed so that a job can be completed in a timely fashion

The Gnatt chart ____

is a chart that shows when and where tasks need to be completed so that a job can be completed in a timely fashion

Organizational development

is a philosophy and collection of planed change interventions

Extinction

is a reinforcement strategy in which a positive consequence is no longer allowed to follow a previously reinforced behavior. By removing the positive consequence, extinction weakens the behavior, making it less likely to occur.

motivation

is effort, the degree to which someone works hard to do the job well.

job performance

is how well someone performs the requirements of the job.

Linking pay to performance

is intended to increase employee motivation, effort, and job performance

valence

is simply the attractiveness or desirability of various rewards or outcomes

the organizational process

is the collection of activities that transform inputs into outputs that customers value

Ability

is the degree to which workers possess the knowledge, skills, and talent needed to do a job well

a bureaucracy

is the exercise of control on the basis of knowledge, expertise, or experience

according to weber, a bureaucracy

is the exercise of control on the basis of knowledge, expertise, or experience

instrumentality

is the perceived relationship between performance and rewards.

Performance appraisal

is the process of assessing how well employees are doing their jobs.

Reinforcement

is the process of changing behavior by changing the consequences that follow behavior.

once a need is met

it no longer motivates

reinforcement theory says behavior is a function of

its consequences

which of the following is a component of the specific environment that would directly influence a restaurant's day-to-day operation

its regular customers

(Tu) The process of gathering basic facts about a job for the purpose of describing job duties, tasks, and responsibilities is called

job job description job specification Correct job analysis***

A _________ is a purposeful, systematic process for collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job.

job analysis

a _____ is a purposeful, systematic process for collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job

job analysis

a_____is a purposeful, systematic process for collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job

job analysis

Three phases that many companies go through in filling job openings are ______________ , referrals, and external recruiting.

job analysis Correct internal job postings*** advertising college recruiting

training and envelopment process

job analysis and performance analysis-- training design--technical training, on-the-job training, and management development training

recruitment and selection process

job analysis-job description-job specifications-relative labor market-recruitment-selection

Bona fide occupational qualifications would be most likely included in a(n) .

job description

Two of the most important results of a job analysis are ____.

job descriptions and job specifications

an organization that has increased the number of different tasks that a worker performs within one particular job has engaged in ______.

job enlargement

an organization that has increased the number of different tasks that a worker performs within one particular job has engaged in:

job enlargement

an organization that has increased the number of different tasks that a worker performs withing one particular job has engaged in ____

job enlargement

The job design approach associated with ____ involves increasing the number of different tasks that a worker performs within one particular job and giving workers the authority and control to make meaningful decisions about their work.

job enlargement and job enrichment

according to some industrial psychologists, _____ is a function of motivation times ability times situational constraints

job performance

research shows that while initiating structure impacts primarily on ____, consideration impacts primarily on ____

job performance; job satisfaction

Which of the following is an internal recruiting method?

job posting

which of the following is an internal recruiting method

job posting

The Ryerson University Library is organized in a hierarchy with six unit heads reporting to a chief librarian. Within these units are fifteen librarians and forty-seven full-time staff. One of the tools used in the organizational development of the library was to systematically move employees from one job to another to give them an opportunity to learn and use different skills. The Ryerson University Library used _____

job rotation

the ryerson university library is organized in a hierarchy with six unit heads reporting to a chief librarian. The units are archives, audiovisual/library loans.... the ryerson university library used ______

job rotation

_____ is characterized by simple easy-to-learn steps; low variety; and high repetition

job specialization

Bona fide occupational qualifications would be most likely included in a(n) ____.

job specification

an ____ function is an activity that contributes directly to creating or selling the company's products.

line

in terms of the chain of command,____authority is the right to command immediate subordinates, while____authority is the right to advise but to command others who are not subordinates

line and staff

To save a company from bankruptcy, its CEO told its employees that he would eliminate 53 percent of the company's mechanics and reduce the compensation of the remaining mechanics by 26 percent. In terms of the normative decision theory, Steenland ____.

made autocratic decisions

To save a company from bankruptcy, its CEO told its employees that he would eliminate 53% of the company's mechanics and reduce the compensation of the remaining mechanics by 26%. In terms of the normative decision theory, the CEO _____

made autocratic decisions

To make sure that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as everyone else, organizations can ____.

make a commitment to reasonable workplace accommodations

to make sure that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as everyone else, organizations can:

make a commitment to reasonable workplace accommodations

the highest degree of processing occurs in ____ operations

make-to-order

the lowest of degree of processing occurs in _____ operations, where a company orders parts and assembles standardized products before receiving customer orders.

make-to-stock

When Ruth was hired to be the second-in-command at Graham Mailing Services, she was told that her job was to deal with the employees to make sure they got the mailing done to the customers' specifications. She was not instructed on how to run machines or in any other technical area because Her was a job in:

management

When Ruth was hired to be the second-in-command at Graham mailing services, she was told that her job was to deal with employees to make sure they got the mailing done to the customers' specifications. She was not instructed on how to run machines or in any other technical area because her position was a job in

management

which of the following statements about beginnings of management is true

management as a field of study is only about 125 years old

MBO

management by objectives. managers and their employees jointly set objectives for the employee, periodically evaluate the performance, and reward according to the results.

simple matrix

managers in different parts of the matrix negotiate conflicts and resources directly

True

managers tend to have a short-term perspective, leaders tend to have a long-term perspective. t/f

type of team: self managing teams

manages and controls all of the major tasks of producing a product or service. members come from different departments and different levels

Resource similarity and ____ are factors that determine the extent to which firms will be in direct competition with each other.

market commonality

A company that embroiders t-shirts, uses 15,000 plain t-shirts annually. The optimal order quantity is 500 shirts. The company embroiders approximately 150 shirts daily. Using the ____ calculations, the company knows it should place an order approximately every 3 days.

materials requirement planning just-in-time inventory management break-even Correct economic order quantity*** independent demand

complex matrix

matric in which specialized matrix managers and departments are added to the organization structuer; managers from different departments report to a matrix managers to resolve conflicts

Because of problems associated with conflicts over schedules, budgets, and available resources (including employees), ____ departmentalization often evolves from a simple form to a more complex form.

matrix

Of all types of departmentalization, ____ departmentalization requires the highest level of management skill for successful implementation.

matrix

The primary advantage of ____ departmentalization is the fact that it allows companies to manage large, complex tasks efficiently by minimizing duplication.

matrix

of all types of departmentalization, ____ departmentalization requires the highest level of management skill for successful implementation

matrix

of all types of departmentalization, _______ departmentalization requires the highest level of management skill for successful implementation.

matrix

with _____ departmentalization, most employees report to two bosses

matrix

with_____ departmentalization, most employees report to two bosses

matrix

with____departmentalization, most employees report to two bosses

matrix

Disadvantage of ERIP

may fail to predict if good or bad employees will retire and how many will retire

According to the SMART guidelines, goals should be

measurable

Objective performance measures

measures that are easily and directly counted or quantified -include output, scrap, waste, sales

A(n) ____ organization is an organization that is characterized by specialized jobs and responsibilities; precisely defined, unchanging roles; and a rigid chain of command based on centralized authority and vertical communication.

mechanistic

In a(n) ____ organization, the normal procedure for dealing with any matter lying outside the boundaries of one individual's functional responsibility is to refer it to the point in the system where such responsibility is known to reside, or, failing that, to lay it before one's superior.

mechanistic

a(n) ____ organization is an organization that is characterized by specialized jobs and responsibilities, precisely defined, unchanging roles, and a rigid chain-of-command based on centralized authority and vertical communication

mechanistic

It is the responsibility of ____ to develop intermediate plans, or plans designed to produce results within six to eighteen months.

middle managers

creation of tactical plans

middle managers

typical responsibilities for ______ include setting objective consistent with organizational goals and then planning and implementing the subunit strategies for achieving these goals

middle managers

who is responsible for the creation of tactical plans

middle managers

(Tu) When team goals are aligned with organization goals and group cohesion is high, team performance will be ______________

moderate low moderate to low Correct highest***

What is local adaptation

modifying procedures to fit a specific country

Except for the core business activities that they can perform better, faster, and cheaper than others, ____ outsource all remaining business activities to outside companies, suppliers, specialists, or consultants.

modular organizations

Connie O'Day is a middle-level manager for the publishers of Free Spirit magazine, a publication targeted to women who are not focused on finding a husband or maintaining a house and garden. She spends much of her day conducting interviews with groups of women to determine what they consider most important in their lives. She also keeps an eye on the sales and content of other women's magazines. Which informational role does O'Day perform?

monitor

which of the following statements about performance appraisal is true

most employees and managers dislike the performance appraisal process

the three components of _____ are initiation of effort, direction of effort, and persistence of effort

motivation

internal motivation

motivation that comes from the job itself rather than from outside rewards

____ are an important part of both the compression approach and experiential approach to innovation

multifunctional teams

Nestlé is a company headquartered in Switzerland with manufacturing plants in Columbia, Australia, Canada, Egypt, Kenya, and more than 90 other nations. Nestlé is an example of a ____.

multinational corporation

Maslow

needs are arranged in a hierarchy from low to high; people are motivated by their lowest unsatisfied needs

Driving in heavy traffic makes Hal very anxious and sometimes angry. He leaves home earlier than usual one morning and doesn't run into heavy traffic. He leaves home earlier again the next morning, and again he avoids heavy traffic. His behavior of leaving home earlier is strengthened by the consequence of the avoidance of heavy traffic. What kind of reinforcement has occurred in this example?

negative reinforcement

Starbucks, the operator of Starbucks coffeehouses, also markets a line of compilation CDs and other non-coffee items. The making and marketing of the CDs and other non-coffee products would be an example of ____.

unrelated diversification

when Clorox Corp., a manufacturer of bleach and bleach-based cleaning products, acquired Kingsford Charcoal and Prime Choice brand steak sauce; it was an example of

unrelated diversification

main question to answer once a company goes global is

to what extent should the company stadardize or adapt business procedures

Jeffrey Bluestein was the CEO who brought Harley-Davidson back from the brink of bankruptcy. During the first years he was CEO of Harley-Davidson, Bluestein said, "I was quite a directive leader because we needed to make progress quickly." Bluestein would have ______________.

told employees precisely what he expected them to do

eastman kodak owns a company that manufactures dental radiation equipment. the company, which is run as an independent unit, has experience excessive financial losses the last three years. The _____ for the company would be expected to develop the long-term plans needed to make the company profitable

top manager

Minimize potential risk

political uncertainty policy uncertainty strategy: avoid, control, cooperate -Several strategies can be used to minimize or adapt to the political risk inherent to global business. An avoidance strategy is used when the political risks associated with a foreign country or region are viewed as too great. If firms are already invested in high-risk areas, they may divest or sell their businesses. If they have not yet invested, they will likely postpone their investment until the risk shrinks. Control is an active strategy to prevent or reduce political risks. Firms using a control strategy will lobby foreign governments or international trade agencies to change laws, regulations, or trade barriers that hurt their business in that country. Another method for dealing with political risk is cooperation, which makes use of joint ventures and collaborative contracts, such as franchising and licensing. Although cooperation does not eliminate political risk of doing business in a country, it does limit the risk associated with foreign ownership of a business.

fear of a lawsuit prevents many employers from giving totally honest recommendations to former employees. This reflects a change in the _____ component of the general environment

political/legal

job specialization

occurs when a job is composed of a small part of a larger task or process; typically easy to do, simply, low variety, and high repition Ex: McDonalds workers 1. "May I take your order please" 2. "Drive to the second window 3. Take the money make change

Voluntary separation

occurs when employees decide to quit or retire

Involuntary separation

occurs when employers decide to terminate or lay off employees

Quid pro quo sexual harassment

occurs when employment outcomes, such as hiring, promotion, or simply keeping one's job, depend on whether an individual submits to being sexually harassed. -economic injury

organizational encouragement

occurs when management encourages risk taking and new ideas, supports and fairly evaluates new ideas, rewards and recognizes creativity, and encourages the sharing of new ideas throughout different parts of the company

supervisory encouragement

occurs when supervisors provide clear goals, encourage open interaction with subordinates, and actively support development teams' work and ideas

work group encouragement

occurs when work group members have diverse experience, education, and backgrounds; when there is a mutual openness to ideas; when there is positive, constructive challenge to ideas; and when there is shared commitment to ideas.

In an operation like a grocery store, acquisition, processing and storage costs are very high because

of the volume of transactions each day of the number of separate items carried in inventory Correct both a and b are correct*** neither a nor b are correct

Early retirement incentive program (ERIP)

offer financial benefits to employees to encourage them to retire early.

All of the following are important factors in the creation of an ethical business climate EXCEPT ____.

official approval of the company's ethics code by government regulators

optimum capacity

often the result of good product and service design and correct choice of facilities layout and location. by altering the product mix, additional demand may be created, keeping the facilities busy and lowering average costs of the products and services

False

one of the differences between managers and leaders is that managers focus on visions, missions, goals, and objectives, and leaders focus solely on productivity and efficiency. t/f

according the the Americans with Disabilities Act, disabilities (and reasonable accommodations for them) should be discussed ___

only after a job offer has been made

someone [is] described as having a mind-boggling breadth of his curiosity. in terms of the Big Five Personality Dimensions, this person would be described as having a high degree of

openness to experience

____ plans direct the behavior, efforts, and priorities of operative employees for periods ranging from one 1 to 6 months

operational

In general, this management theory uses a quantitative approach to find ways to increase productivity, improve quality, and manage or reduce costly inventories.

operations management

______ involves managing the daily production of goods and services

operations management

A high degree of buyer or seller dependence can lead to _______ by one party at the expense of the other.

opportunistic behavior

three kinds of task interdependence

pooled interdependence, sequential interdependence, reciptocal interdependence

In Fiedler's contingency theory, the term ____ refers to the degree to which leaders are able to hire, fire, reward, and punish workers.

position power

________ strengthen behavior ie (increase its behavior)

positive and negative reinforcement

Users of credit and debt cards that earn the owners money or rewards towards future purchases, is an example of

positive reinforcement

according to kohlberg's model of moral development, people at the _____ use internalized ethical principles to solve ethical dilemmas

post conventional level

The kind of team known as a(n) ____ not only provides advice and suggestions to management but also has limited authority to make decisions and solve problems related to the major tasks required to produce a product or service.

traditional work group employer-monitored group Correct semi-autonomous work group*** self-managing team employee involvement team

the least amount of team autonomy is found in:

traditional work groups

the least amount of team autonomy is found in____

traditional work groups

in the autonomy continuum (which shows how five kinds of teams differ in terms of autonomy), the correct sequence, from low team autonomy to high team autonomy, is ____

traditional work groups, employee involvement teams, semi-autonomous work groups, self-managing teams, and self-designing teams

_________ means providing opportunities for employees to develop the job-specific skills, experience, and knowledge they need to do their jobs or improve their performance.

training

on-the-job training

training conducted at the work site with the resources the employee uses to perform the job. the manager, or an assigned employee, usually conducts the training

Rater training

training performance appraisal raters in how to avoid rating errors and increase rating accuracy

relatively stable characteristics such as abilities, psychological motives, or consistent patterns of behavior, form the basis for the ____ of leadership

trait theory

relatively stable characters such as abilities, psychological motives, or consistent patters or behavior form the basis for the _____ of leadership

trait theory

According to an article from CIO Magazine, "Leadership grows from courage and integrity." From this opening statement, you know the article will discuss leadership from the ____.

trait theory viewpoint

is based on an exchange process, in which followers are rewarded for good performance and punished for poor performance.

transactional leadership

a(n) ___ organization is one that is characterized by broadly defined jobs and responsibilities, loosely defined, frequently changing roles, and decentralized authority and horizontal communication based on task knowledge

organic

At their core, companies are ____ systems that combine inputs such as labor, raw materials, capital, and knowledge to produce finished products and other types of output.

organizational Correct production*** social predictable socio-cultural

Mcdonalds in long term, worldwide movement to change consumers perceptions

organizational change

When Susan started work at Henderson Textile Co., she was amazed at its employees who would take 30 minute restroom breaks, leave for the day at 2 pm, and generally belittle the company's management. Such employees' actions most likely developed over time as a result of a faulty

organizational culture

the ______ is the set of key values, beliefs, and attitudes shared by members of an organization

organizational culture

Creativity was needed to improve efficiency without raising costs at one automobile maker. Over the last few years, the company has successfully implemented a creative engineering program that allows its plants to produce more than one type of car from the same assembly line. This successful change to a flexible manufacturing system is an example of ____.

organizational innovation

The term ____ refers to a work environment where (1) each member is empowered to contribute in a way that maximizes the benefits to the organization, customers, and themselves; and (2) the individuality of each member is respected by not segmenting or polarizing people on the basis of their membership in a particular group.

organizational plurality

is the withholding of information about organizational problems or issues by employees.

organizational silence

while___ emphasizes jobs and their authority relationships ___ emphasizes the activities through work gets done

organizational structure, organizational process

While ____ emphasizes jobs and their authority relationships, ____ emphasizes the activities through which work gets done in the organization.

organizational structure; organizational process

while ____ emphasizes jobs and their authority relationships, _____ emphasizes the activities through which work gets done in the organization

organizational structure; organizational process

Functional Departmentalization

organizes work and workers into separate units responsible for business functions or areas of expertise; most common form of departmentalization and typically used for small businesses or businesses starting out Ex: accounting dept, sales, marketing, production, HR, etc..

Customer

organizes work and workers into separate units responsible for particular kinds of customers. can separate into types of customer: residential, small sized business.. etc ex: company seperates jobs by gov, business and focus on clients needs of household, etc.

Product

organizes work and workers into separate units responsible for producing particular products or services org by different product lines: carrier, otis

Product departmenalization

organizes work and workers into separate units responsible for producing particular products or services; organized into product categories

Geographic departmentalization

organizes work and workers into separte units responsible for doing business in particular geographic areas

Customer departmentalization

organizes work and workers into separte units responsible for particular kinds of customers

A business school administrator who is determining what classes will be offered in which rooms and who will teach each specific class is involved in which classical management function?

organizing

in nonverbal communication, _____ is the pitch, rate, tone, volume, and speaking pattern (i.e., use of silences, pauses, or hesitations) of one's voice.

paralanguage

Hot topic is a fast growing clothing chain targeted to the alternative teen demographic.... she relies on their input before making inventory decisions. McLaughlin use the _____ style of management

participative

according to the path-goal theory of leadership ____ involves consulting employees for their suggestions and input before make decisions

participative leadership

according to the path-goal theory of leadership, _____ involves consulting employees for their suggestions and input before making decisions.

participative leadership

Alderfer

people can be motivated by more than one need at a time

after a year as a manager, new managers typically realize their job is

people management

______ is the process by which individuals attend to, organize, interpret, and retain information from their environments

perception

because of ____, people exposed to the same information will often disagree about what they saw or heard.

perceptual filters

set performance standards CHAPTER 14

performance standards should cover five major areas: quantity, quality, time, cost, and behavior. standards evolve only after the organization has developed its overall strategic plan and managers have defined goals for organizational departments

a team has finally matured into a fully functioning team at the___stage of development

performing

a team has finally matured into a fully-functioning team at the ____ stage of development

performing

job rotation

periodically moving workers from one specialized job to another to give them more varitety and the opportunity to use different skills Ex: secretary who only answers phones could be asked to do some filing

empowering workers

permanently passing decision-making authority and responsibility from managers to workers by giving them the information and resources they need to make and carry out good decisions

______ is the relatively stable set of behaviors, attitudes, and emotions displayed over time that makes people different from each other

personality

is the relatively stable set of behaviors, attitudes, and emotions displayed over time that makes people different from each other

personality

Historically, most companies have used the ____ to successfully enter foreign markets.

phase model of globalization

organizational development

philosophy and collection of planned change interventions designed to improve an organization's long-term health and performance

One of the reasons items manufactured in Southeast Asia are imported into the United States less expensively is that workers are paid a small amount of money for each item produced. The manufacturers operating in Southeast Asia use what type of pay plan?

piecework

one of the reasons items manufactured in Southeast Asia are imported into the United States less expensively is that workers are paid a small amount of money for each item produced. the manufactures operating in Southeast Asia use what type of pay plan

piecework

budgets

planned quantitative allocation of resources (the performance standard)

Nestlé was unsuccessful in early attempts to sell its chocolate in India. It discovered its chocolate bars were not suitable for the Indian markets because the candy had to sit in direct sunlight without benefit of air conditioning and became messy. Nestlé adopted an innovation strategy and developed Chocostick, a liquid chocolate, which is very popular. Solving this problem involved what management function?

planning

(Tu) Performance standards should cover

planning, organizing, staffing, and control finance, marketing, and production Correct quantity, quality, time, cost, and behavior*** all of the above

Uganda is one of only two countries in the world that produce a mineral required in the manufacturing of cellular phones. Several mining companies recently moved their operations out of the region due to a bloody civil war resulting from a change in rulers. This is an example of how ____ can influence global business.

political uncertainty

McClellend's learned needs theory identifies 3 needs. they are the needs for ______.

power achievement and affiliation

the three stages of moral development identified by kohlber are

pre conventional level, conventional level, and post conventional level

Doug has a low-paying job for a telecommunications company. Every day when he goes home from work, Doug puts a headset, a stapler, or something similar in his lunch box and takes it home with him. Doug sees nothing wrong with his behavior since he feels he is being paid less than he should. In terms of Kohlberg's stages of moral development, Doug is operating at which level?

preconventional

single-facility

preferred if a mass-production layout is used, the cost of facilities is high due to a costly production or service process, customers do not need or desire a great deal of variety in the product or service

multi-facility

preferred if the operation is a made-to-order layout, the cost of facilities is low due to a job-shop layout, customer need vary geographically

Pregnancy discrimination act of 1978

pregnancy, promoting

income statement

presents revenues and expenses and the profit or loss for the stated time period. the two primary control mechanisms for increasing net income are to increase revenue and decrease expenses

cash flow

presents the cash receipts and payments for the stated time period. cash flow is constantly monitored and controlled for investment purposes

Hot Topic is a fast growing clothing chain targeted to the alternative teen demographic. The owner and founder daily consults with her employees for suggestions on what the stores should carry. An employee suggested that the stores should carry a certain type of soda. The employee's suggestion was an example of ____ communications.

upward

____ stakeholders are groups, such as shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers, governments, and local communities, on which the organization depends for long-term survival

primary

______ stakeholders are groups such as shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers, governments, and local communities, on which the organization depends for long-term survival

primary

the two general categories of stakeholders are _____ stakeholders and ____ stakeholders

primary and secondary

a company implementing a(n) _____ strategy would demonstrate the greatest willingness on the part of the company to meet or exceed society's expectations.

proactive

exists when there is a gap between a desired state (what managers want) and an existing state (the situation that the managers are facing).

problem

in equity theory, ______ refers to the fairness of the process used to make reward allocation decisions

procedural justice

are standing plans that indicate the specific steps that should be taken in response to a particular event

procedures

recruiting

process of developing a qualified pool of job applicants

Exporting

produce products in their home country and sell products to customers in foreign -adv: company less dependent on sales in its home market and greater degree of control over research, design, production decisions -dis: tariff and non-tariff barriers that increase cost to consumer, also transportation cost increase cost to consumer, depend on foreign importers for product distribution

Hallmark has four departments. These departments are (1) Flowers and Gifts, (2) Cards and E-cards, (3) Hallmark Collectibles, and (4) Photo Albums and Scrapbooks. Hallmark uses ____ departmentalization.

product

Hallmark has four departments. these departments are 1 flowers and gifts 2 cards and ecards 3 hallmark collectibles 4 photo albums and scrapbooks. hallmark uses ______ departmentalization

product

Procter & Gamble has divisions for personal and beauty, house and home, health and wellness, baby and family, and pet nutrition and care. These divisions indicate that the company uses ____ departmentalization.

product

hallmark has four departments. these departments are (1) flowers and gifts, (2) cards and e-cards, (3) hallmark collectibles, and (4) photo albums and scrapbooks. hallmark uses ____ departmentalization.

product

creativity

production of novel and useful ideas

Background checks can be used to verify the truthfulness and accuracy of information that applicants provide about themselves.

true

Training

providing opportunities for employees to develop the job-specific skills, experience, and knowledge they need to do their jobs or improve their performance

Rose knew by the shrillness of her teacher's voice that she was really in trouble and would probably be placed in after-school detention. Rose's teacher used ____ to communicate dismay.

proxemics kinesics Correct paralanguage*** semiotics pseudo-language

According to the ____theory, companies go through long, simple periods of environmental stability, followed by short, complex periods of dynamic, fundamental environmental change, finishing with a return to environmental stability.

punctuated equilibrium theory

according to the ____ theory, companies go through long, simple periods of environmental stability, followed by short complex periods of dynamic, fundamental environmental change, finishing with a return to environmental stability

punctuated equilibrium theory

France has 14 million smokers. More importantly, smokers in France are closely associated with the French culture. To reduce the number of smokers in the nation, the French government has increased the costs of cigarettes to a price twenty times greater than that charged in any other nation in the European Union. In terms of reinforcement theory, the French government is trying to use _____ to get people to quit smoking by making cigarettes less affordable and by reducing the discretionary income (or possibly the disposable income) of people who continue smoking.

punishment

A cosmetics company that is considering entering the South American market would be especially interested in the discretionary income within that region. In other words, which of the following would be a determining factor in its global strategy?

purchasing power

vertical loading

pushing some managerial authority down to workers

from a legal perspective, there are two kinds of sexual harassment. They are:

quid pro quo and hostile work enivornment

From a legal perspective, there are two kinds of sexual harassment. They are .

quid pro quo and hostile work environment

from a legal perspective, there are two kinds of sexual harassment. they are ______

quid pro quo and hostile work environment

____is the form of sexual harassment in which employment outcomes, such as hiring, promotion, or simply keeping one's job, depend on whether an individual submits to sexual harassment

quid pro quo sexual harassment

is the form of sexual harassment in which employment outcomes such as hiring, promotion, or simply keeping one's job depend on whether an individual submits to sexual harassment

quid pro quo sexual harassment

List two of the five types of non-tariff trade barriers

quota subsidies

Russia imposed limits on how much poultry, beef, and pork could be imported into the nation from the European Union (EU) in retaliation to limits the EU placed on how much grain Russia could export. What type of nontariff barrier did Russia use to control the amount of poultry, beef, and port it imported from the EU?

quotas

(Tu) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination based on

race color sex Correct all of the above***

Central Tendency Error

rate all workers as average or in the middle of scale

Halo errors

rate all workers as performing at the same level in all parts of their jobs

Leniency errors

rate all workers as performing particularly well

is a systematic process of defining problems, evaluating alternatives, and choosing optimal solutions

rational decision making

inventories include the basic inputs in a manufacturing process.

raw materials

The ____ of a maker of cloth dolls would include over 200 yards of fabric, 100 yards of ribbon, a box of 500 wiggle eyes, stuffing, 20 dolls in various stages of completion, and 15 completed dolls.

raw materials component materials finished products Correct inventory*** SKUs

a company implementing a _____ strategy would choose to accept responsibility for a problem and do all that society expects to solve problems

reactive

two homebuilders are building homes in nearby subdivisions. one is offering 2,500 square foot homes with two acre yards.....

reactive customer marketing

is used to refer to a company's practice of identifying and addressing customer trends and problems after they occur

reactive customer monitoring

several extended-stay hotel chains ask guests to hang their towels so they can be reused as a way to help the environment. this request reflects which stage of waste minimization

recycle and reuse

LexisNexis realized that its ability to serve new Web-based customers was severely straining its customer service department after thousands of small and midsize law firms representing a huge business opportunity had to wait 48 hours to have their Web accounts activated after signing up. Clearly, LexisNexis needed to revamp its customer sign-up and order-fulfillment processes, which were designed for large law firms and the ordering of hardcover legal tomes. LexisNexis would most likely use ____ to radically change its business practices.

reengineering

_____is a fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of businesses processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service, and speed

reengineering

is a fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance such as cost, quality, service, and speed

reengineering

In equity theory, ____ are others with whom people compare themselves to determine if they have been treated fairly.

referents

in equity theory, _____ are others with whom people compare themselves to determine if they have been treated fairly

referents

which of the following is a basic component of equity theory

referents

capacity planning

referes to the amount of products or services an organization can produce. capacity planning is essential to match the quantity and quality demanded by customers to the organization's ability to produce those goods or services

facilities location

refers to the geographic site of facilities. the facility location decision is based on the nature of the production or service process (layout), the costs of the facility, and the access to the suppliers, potential employees, and customers

capital budget

reflect targeted spending for major tangible assets such as buildings, new factories, or major equipment

A group in Great Britain has been established to improve the employment, retention, and promotion prospects of black and other ethnic minorities as well as women in the Fire and Rescue Service, which at present has a largely white, male demographic. By the ____ stage of team development, the group members will have resolved petty differences, developed friendships, and established strong group cohesiveness.

reforming storming Correct norming*** forming performing

As Malta got ready for its admittance into the European Union (EU), all taxes on the importation of goods manufactured in Malta were eliminated. Malta was preparing to become part of a(n) ____.

regional trading zone

Which of the following factors can help managers determine whether more or different control is worthwhile?

regulation costs

Deutsche Bank became the world's largest bank through mergers with Bankers Trust, a translactic banking operation. Since both banking companies had a similar core capabilities, this would be classified as an example of _____

related diversification

An emphasis on _____ is likely to decrease opportunistic behavior but will never completely eliminate it

relationship behavior

the ability to consistently perform a service well is referred to as service _____

reliability

Which of the following is NOT one of the indicators or measures of quality?

reliability serviceability durability Correct controllability***

World Trade Organization

replaced GATT in 1995, only international org. dealing with the global rules of trade between nations, main function is to ensure trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible Location: Geneva, Switzerland Created by: Uruguay Round negotiations Membership: 150 countries Head: Pascal Lamy Functions: -administering WTO trade agreement -providing a forum for trade negotiations -handling trade disputes -monitoring national trade policies -providing technical assistance and training for developing countries -cooperating with other international org.

In __________ cultures, people exhibit little or no emotion during communications.

repressive developing regressive cognitive Correct neutral***

Human resource management (HRM) is the process of finding, developing, and keeping the right people for the company.

true

In legal terms, intentional discrimination by an employer is identified as adverse impact while unintentional discrimination is called disparate treatment.

true

Job analyses, job descriptions, and job specifications help companies meet the legal requirement that their human resource decisions be job-related.

true

Job analysis is a purposeful and systematic process of collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job.

true

Piecework, sales commission, profit sharing, employee stock ownership plans, and stock options are common pay- variability options.

true

The only time gender, age, religion, etc. can be used to make employment decisions is when they are considered a bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ).

true

Synergy occurs when ____.

two or more subsystems working together can produce more than they can working apart

Assessment centers often last

two to five days and require participants to complete a number of tests and exercises that simulate managerial work.

Affective conflict ____.

typically decreases team cohesiveness

affective conflict ___

typically decreases team cohesiveness

compressed pay structures

typically have fewer pay levels and smaller differences in pay between levels Pay is less dispersed and more similar across jobs in the company

with surface-level diversity, differences are immediately observable, easy to measure, and:

typically unchangeable

environmental _____ is affected by environmental complexity, change, and resources

uncertainty

Clarissa is unable to do her job efficiently because her supervisor often interrupts her to ask irrelevant questions or to make unimportant comments. Clarissa is experiencing a problem with ____.

undefinable noise Correct the use of an incorrect communication medium*** accepting feedback encoding and decoding the incorrect use of paralanguage

Forms of Inequity

underreward and overreward

the two basic kinds of inequity are

underreward and overreward

People with Machiavellian personalities believe that virtually any type of behavior is acceptable if it helps satisfy needs or accomplish goals. Add that skill to someone with the ability to create strong bonds with followers and you have described a leader who is a(n)

unethical charismatic leader

leaders known as ____ will control and manipulate followers, do what is best for themselves.....

unethical charismatics

Subjective performance measures

require someone judge or assess a worker's performance -graphic rating scale most widely used because it is easy to construct and susceptible to errors

Coercive power

resistance response from followers. followers engage in subtle or open sabotage of leader's requests

An organization that has______ has the assets, capabilities, processes info, and knowledge that an organization uses to improve its effectiveness and efficiency....

resources

Data clusters ____.

result from the use of internal data mining are a statistical technique used for trend analysis are used to create samples for statistical analyses Correct occur when three or more database elements occur together in a significant way*** are accurately described by all of these

In the perceptual process, ____ is the process of remembering interpreted information.

retention

(Tu) Jim is admired by his staff and they try to emulate him. You could say that he has ___________ power.

reward legitimate Correct referent*** expert

Transactional leaders ____.

reward followers for good behavior and punish followers for poor behavior

Policy uncertainty

risk associated with changes in laws and government policies that directly affect the way foreign companies conduct business. This is the most common form of political risk in global business and perhaps the most frustrating.

Political uncertainty

risk of major changes in political regimes that can result from war, revolution, death of political leaders, social unrest, or other influential events

According to strategic reference point theory, managers have two basic strategic alternatives. They are ____.

risk-avoiding strategy and risk-seeking strategy

new employees were instructed never to wear loose fitting clothes when working around the canning machine. What kind of a standing plan is described in this example

rules and regulations

Although firewalls can protect personal computers and network services connected to the corporate network, people away from their offices who interact with their company networks via the Internet face a safety risk. Which of the following technologies has proven to be an inexpensive solution to this problem?

safe software for logic (SSL) encryption Correct virtual private networks*** local area networks firewall reassignment reengineered applets

Marketers often appeal to consumers' needs as defined by Maslow's hierarchy. A lock manufacturer, shows how much protection its locks provide and a cleaning company developed several types of wipes to eliminate concerns about infectious germs. Both marketers are appealing to which need as defined by Maslow?

safety

which of the following is an example of extrinsic reward

salary increase

sales commission plan

salespeople are paid a percentage of the purchase price of items they sell. The more they sell, the more they earn

___ occurs when managers choose an alternative that is good enough

satisficing

____ occurs when managers choose an alternative that is good enough, rather than the best possible alternative

satisficing

prior to the introduction of _____ 5 workers each given an identical task could use 5 different methods to perform the task with some methods being significantly more efficient than others

scientific management

Shell's efforts to sink an abandoned offshore oil-storage buoy, were derailed by Greenpeace in Germany, which mounted a well-orchestrated public relations blitz that caused Shell's gasoline sales to plunge by 50% at some German stations. This is an example of how _____ stakeholders can influence organizational strategy

secondary

____ stakeholders are any groups that can influence or be influenced by the company and can affect public perception about its socially responsible behavior

secondary

______ stakeholders are any groups that can influence or be influenced by the company and can affect public perceptions about its socially responsible behavior.

secondary

Managers can use integrity tests to _____.

select and hire ethical employees

_________ is the process of gathering information about job applicants to decide who should be offered a job.

selection

Mike is a big fan of all kinds of sports...

selective perception

When Robin was told that her favorite store would no longer stock her favorite brand of clip-on earrings, she assumed this meant that the company was no longer producing clip-on earrings; even though that was not the case. Robin's incorrect assumption was due to _____.

selective perception kinesics Correct closure*** defensive bias attribution

is the tendency to notice and accept objects and information consistent with our values, beliefs, and expectations while ignoring, screening out, or not accepting inconsistent.

selective perceptions

Leaders who possess the trait of ____ are more decisive and assertive and more likely to gain others' confidence.

self-confidence

leaders who possess the trait of ____ are more decisive and assertive and more likely to gain others' confidence.

self-confidence

the highest level of autonomy is found in ____

self-designing teams

the highest level of team autonomy is found in:

self-designing teams

which of the following types of teams has the authority to change their composition as well as all of their tasks and work methods

self-designing teams

which of the following is one of the sources of resistance to change

self-interest

A local hospital ran into a funding problem when it tried to build a new state-of-the-art pediatric unit. The hospital management asked a group of physicians, hospital volunteers, and administrative staff to develop and implement a plan to raise the necessary money. This group of people with complementary skills formed a(n) ____.

semi-structured team autonomous unit Correct work team*** functional department venture team

What type of job interview might be used after a background question revealed the applicant had spent three years working in Africa convincing parents to allow their children to take polio vaccine?

semistructured

Have you ever purchased a book or CD on Amazon.com and noticed that as soon as you put your selection in the shopping cart, you were offered a series of other items that people who made the same purchase as you did also bought? This would be an example of ____ data mining.

sequence Correct association*** predictive adjacency extrapolative

Zara clothing stores has developed a system that can order new fashions and deliver them to the store in only three weeks. It uses ____ to pass information to the next person in the line of development.

sequential interdependence

refers to restoring customer satisfaction to strongly dissatisfied customers

service recovery

most companies define product ___ in terms of how easy or difficult it is to fix a product,

serviceability

Schedule of reinforcement

set of rules regarding reinforcement contingencies that specifies which behaviors will be reinforced, which consequences will follow those behaviors, and the schedule by which those consequences will be delivered.

performance appraisal process

set performance goals for the job--agree on performance goals with employee-asses individual performance relative to goals (BARS, Ranking, MBO)--provide performance appraisal feedback (developmental evaluate)

financial ratios

several financial ratios are used to interpret company performance. each ratio is a comparison of financial data. these ratios are used to compare a company's current performance with its past performance

When a CEO opened the nationwide sales force meeting with a crude sexually explicit joke it was an example of ____.

sexual harassment

when the CEO opened the nationwide sales force meeting with a crude sexually explicit joke about Foreign Legion soldiers, it was an example of:

sexual harassment

Which of the following statements about sexual harassment is true?

sexual harassment can occur between people of the same sex

situational: supporting

share ideas and facilitate feedback in decision making task behavior low relationship behavior high readiness level of followers moderately high

Bayer AG, Syndial SpA, Crompton Corp., DuPont Dow Elastomers, and Zeon Chemicals are all international manufacturers of rubber chemicals. They have all been indicted as participants in a price-fixing scheme that drove up the costs of rubber chemicals used to make shoes, tires, and other products. They would be most likely to use the ____ model to justify their actions.

shareholder

The ____ model holds that the only social responsibility that businesses have is to maximize profit.

shareholder

model holds that the only social responsibility that businesses have is to maximize profit

shareholder

According to the ____ ______, the only social responsibility a business has is to make a profit.

shareholder model

absenteeism

shows the ratio or percentage of employees not at work for a given time period

turnover

shows the ratio or percentage of employees that must be replaced for a given period, usually one year

work flow diversity

shows the ratio or percentage of women, hispanics, african-americans, etc.

In terms of environmental complexity, _____ environments have few environmental factors, whereas _____ environments have many environmental factors

simple, complex

What type of planning would be used to create the festivities necessary to celebrate the 100-year anniversary of a furniture manufacture

single-use plan

A _____, also called a SWOT analysis for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, is an assessment of the strengths...

situation analysis

a _____ also called a SWOT analysis for strengths, weaknesses

situation analysis

____ also called a SWOT analysis for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, is an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses in an organization's internal environment and the opportunities and threats in its external environment

situational analysis

In Fiedler's contingency theory, the term ____ refers to the degree to which a particular situation either permits or denies a leader the chance to influence the behavior of group members.

situational favorableness

core job characteristics

skill variety, task identiy, task significance, autonomy, feedback On the JCM

In general, ____ is most effective for self-managing and self-directing teams performing complex tasks, while ____ works best in relatively stable environments where employees can focus on improving the productivity, cost savings, or quality of their current work system.

skill-based pay; nonfinancial reward gainsharing; nonfinancial reward nonfinancial reward; skill-based pay Correct skill-based pay; gainsharing*** gainsharing; skill-based pay

The manual capture of information is ____.

slow expensive labor-intensive often inaccurate Correct all of these***

____is one of the disadvantages associated with the use of work teams

social loafing

occurs when workers withhold their efforts and fail to perform their share of the work

social loafing

Employment references

sources such as previous employers/coworkers who can provide job related information about candidates

Aptitude tests are also called ___.

specific ability test

Aptitude tests are also called ____.

specific ability tests

the goals of the compression approach to innovation are

speed, lower costs, and incremental change of dominant design

Robert Strickland works in the legal department at a large consumer products manufacturer. It is his job to craft warnings on package labels. This is Strickland's ____.

staff function

______ are the expectations that a company will voluntarily serve a social role beyond its economic, legal, and ethical responsibilities

stakeholder responsibilities

various persons or groups with a legitimate interest in a company's actions are called

stakeholders

various persons or groups with a legitimate interest in a company's actions are called ____.

stakeholders

Like most large U.S. hospitals, University Health Care System spends an enormous amount on patient supplies. The hospital has more than 15,000 individual products that are purchased on a routine basis. Its purchasing manager instituted a hospital-wide purchasing policy that gave a specific code to each individual item. In other words, the purchasing manager engaged in ____.

standardization

_____ is the process of solving problems by consistently applying the same rules, procedures, and processes.

standardization

____is the process of solving problems by consistently applying the same rules, procedures, and processes

standardization

is the process of solving problems by consistently applying the same rules, procedures, and processes

standardization

structured interviews

standardized interview questions are prepared ahead of time so that all applicants are asked the same job-related questions

Control is a(n) ____ process.

standardized, periodic, and cybernetic flexible, intermittent, and automated standardized, periodic, and robotic continuous, flexible, and automated Correct continuous, dynamic, and cybernetic***

______ are a basis of comparison for measuring the extent to which organizational performance is satisfactory or unsatisfactory

standards

The ____ is a type of operation plat that saves managers tie because it is created once and then used repeatedly to handle frequently recurring events.

standing plan

The ____ is a type of operational plan that saves managers time because it is created once and then used repeatedly to handle frequently recurring events.

standing plan

is the type of operational plan that saves managers time because it is created once and then used repeatedly to handle frequently recurring events

standing plan

In the ____ type of grapevine communication network, one highly connected individual shares information with many other managers and workers.

star chain Correct gossip chain*** cluster chain leader chain linear

Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc., introduced the first major production mountain bike in 1980. 2/3 of its profits come from the sale of mountain bikes. Specialized bikes have a large share of a fast-growing market. According to the BCG matrix, specialized mountain bikes would be classified as

stars

(Tu) In the __________ stage, team members begin to settle into their roles and group cohesion grows.

storming Correct norming*** forming performing

In the stages of team development, a team moves from growth to decline during the ____ stage.

storming de-forming de-storming Correct de-norming*** reforming

An organization is experiencing _____ when there is a discrepancy between upper management's intended strategy and the strategy actually implemented by the lower levels of management

strategic dissonance

an organization is experiencing ____ when there is a discrepancy between upper management's intended strategy and the strategy actually implemented by the lower levels of management

strategic dissonance

top management is responsible for developing long-term ___ that make clear how the company will serve customers and position itself against competitiors in the next 2-5 years

strategic plans

Positive reinforcement

strengthens behavior (i.e., increases its frequency) by following behaviors with desirable consequences.

Negative reinforcement

strengthens behavior by withholding an unpleasant consequence when employees perform a specific behavior. This is also called avoidance learning because workers perform a behavior to avoid a negative consequence.

E-Lab (the "e" stands for experience) has project teams perform field research for its clients. one team had to spend time riding in the back seat of a squad car, accompanying cops on drug raids, as part of research for a new communications device for police departments. Another team studied how people get sick with a cold to create a new over-the-counter cold remedy. Often clients give team members extremely ambitious goals which the team members initially have no idea how to solve. In other words, project teams are given ___

stretch goals

Team norms in an organization can create ____.

stronger organizational commitment more trust in management negative behaviors, such as breaking rules increased job satisfaction Correct all of these***

the ___ interview uses only standardized, job related interview questions that are prepared ahead of time and asked of all candidates

structured

the____interview uses only standardization, job-related interview questions that are prepared ahead of time and asked of all candidiates

structured

According to human relations management

success depends on treating workers well

organizational innovation

successful implementation of creative ideas in an organization

Maslow

suggests that people are motivated by physiological (food and water), safety (physical and economic), belongingness (friendship, love, social interaction), esteem (achievement and recognition), and self-actualization (realizing your full potential) needs

refreezing

supporting and reinforcing the new changes so they "stick"

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, what leadership style involves being friendly and approachable to employees, showing concern for them and their welfare, treating them as equals, and creating a friendly climate.

supportive leadership

according to the path-goal theory of leadership ______ involves being friendly and approachable to employees, showing concern for them and their welfare, treating them as equals and creating a friendly climate.

supportive leadership

When suzanne Pogell wanted to learn to sail, she could find no one to teach her because men were the ones who sailed, and women were their crew... the male sailors who would no teach her were exhibiting

surface-level diversity

the 3 steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin are

unfreezing change intervention refreezing

The three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin are ____.

unfreezing, change intervention, and refreezing

as a result of their structures, matrix organizations automatically violate the principle of

unity of command

one of the key assumptions underlying the chain of command is____,which means that workers should report to just one supervisor

unity of command

Top-Flight manufactures Strata golf calls and prices these balls at about three times what ordinary golf balls cost. The Strata ball sells exceptionally well because customers perceive its patented three-layer construction to improve handling and increase distance. The patent on these golf balls gives Top-Flite a

sustainable competitive advantage

Top-Flite manufactures Strata golf balls and prices these balls at about three times what ordinary golf balls cost. The Strata ball sells exceptionally well because customers perceive its patented three-layer construction to improve handling and increase distance. The patent on these golf balls gives Top-Flite a(n) ____.

sustainable competitive advantage

testing

systematic comparison of different product designs or design iterations

Global consistency

t when a multinational company has offices, manufacturing plants, and distribution facilities in different countries, it will run those offices, plants, and facilities based on the same rules, guidelines, policies, and procedures. Managers at company headquarters value global consistency, because it simplifies decisions.

____ plans are plans that specify how a company will use resources, budgets, and people to accomplish specific goals w/in its mission

tactical

When done correctly, management by objectives (MBO) is an extremely effective method for ____.

tactical planning

Extrinsic rewards

tangible and visible to others and are given to employees contingent on the performance of specific tasks or behaviors Ex:most important rewards were good benefits and health insurance, job security, a week or more of vacation

research and development budget (R&D)

target spending for the development or refinement of products, materials, and processes

A(n) ____ is a direct tax on imported goods designed to make it more expensive to buy those goods, instituted in hopes of reducing the volume of those imported goods in a given country.

tariff

tax on all steel imports in an effort to protect jobs

tariff

The two general kinds of trade barriers are _____

tariff barriers and nontariff barriers

____ is the degree to which a job is perceived to have a substantial impact on others inside or outside the organization

task significance

teams are typically required when

tasks require multiple perspectives

teams are typically required when:

tasks require multiple perspectives

______ describes the average level of ability, experience, personality, or any other factor on a team

team level

team rewards that depend on ___ are the key to rewarding team behaviors and efforts

team performance rather than individual performance

An accountant with ____ has the ability to create a budget, compare the budget to the actual income statement, and determine unnecessary expenses

technical skill

which type of skills tend to be most important to the success of lower level managers

technical skills

more premature babies than ever before are surviving due to improvements in medical knowledge and care. This improved survival rate can be attributed to the ____ component of hospitals

technological

Kodak is a company name associated with photography. The company has recognized that digital photography is a threat to the future growth of the company. Therefore, the company has decided to become a market leader in digital imaging. The development of the digital camera forced Kodak into the innovation stream because the new imaging process was a ______

technological discontinuity

Kodak is a company name associated with photography. The development of the digital camera forced Kodak into the innovation stream because the new imaging process was a(n) ____.

technological discontinuity

the development of the DVD player was a source of ____ to companies in the movie industry just as VHS tapes had once been

technological discontinuity

The development of CDs was a source of _____ to companies in the recording industry just as cassette tapes and 8-track tapes had once been

technological replacement

____ is knowledge, tools, and techniques used to transform inputs into outputs

technology

(Tu) When sending a complex message, the best method is

telephone or conference call videoconferencing Internet Correct all of the above are excellent methods***

according to the model of need satisfaction, an unsatisfied need produces

tension

The basic idea behind hierarchical pay structures is

that large differences in pay between jobs or organizational levels should motivate people to work harder to obtain those higher-paying jobs.

The basic idea behind compressed pay structures is

that similar pay levels should lead to higher levels of cooperation, feelings of fairness and a common purpose, and better group and team performance.

the purpose of _____ is to recognize U.S. companies for their achievements in quality and business performance and to raise awareness of how quality and performance excellence can be used to create a competitive edge.

the Baldrige Award

economic value added (EVA)

the amount by which profits (after expenses) exceed the cost of capital in a given year. in order to attract investors, managers control both profits and costs

feedback

the amount of information the job provides to workers about their work performance

What is global business (Define)

the buying and selling of goods and services by people from different countries

Organizational Structure

the collection of activites that transforms inputs into outputs that costumers value

intraorganizational process

the collection of activities that take place within an organization to transform inputs into outputs that customers value

According to ______, the most effective management theory or idea depends on the kinds of problems or situations that managers are facing at a particular time and place

the contingency approach

autonomy

the degree to which a job gives workers the discretion, freedom, and independence to decide how and when to accomplish the work

task identity

the degree to which a job is perceived to have a substantial impact on others inside or outside the organization

distributive justice

the degree to which outcomes and rewards are fairly distributed or allocated

McClelland

the degree to which particular needs motivate varies from person to person

productivity

the efficiency with which a firm converts inputs into products or services. higher productivity (doing more with less) results in lower costs, lower prices, higher market share, and higher profits

The basic control process of business begins with ____.

the establishment of clear standards of performance

task interdependence

the extent to which collective actions is regulated to complete an entire piece of work

In a leaderless group discussion, trained observers watch and score each participant on

the extent to which he or she facilitates discussion, listens, leads, persuades, and works well with others

excess capacity

the facility is more than necessary and those products or services must be priced at higher levels. costs may also be higher due to unused inventories of materials and finished goods

For a fast-food restaurant chain that is famous for its small, square hamburgers, Which of the following would be a component of its sociocultural environment

the fact most consumers prefer eating out rather than at home

procedural justice

the fairness of the procedures used to make reward allocation decisions, is just as important.

product/service mix

the first operations management concern is to decide how many lines of products or services to offer, and what mixtures to offer them in. the number of lines offered will affect the facilities design and capacity

social loafing

the force of an individual is much larger when by themselves. with more people team force increases but individual force decreases. team force continues to increase and individual force continues to decrease the larger the team gets and the more social loafing goes unnoticed

According to the path-goal theory, which of the following is an example of an environmental contingency?

the formal authority system

reengineering

the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical, comtemporary measures of performances, such as costs, quality, service and speed

which of the following statements about team development is true

the growth stages are forming, norming, and performing

Which of the following paradigms for managing diversity not only takes into account surface-level diversity but also focuses on integrating deep-level diversity differences such as personality, attitudes, beliefs, and values into the actual work of the organization?

the learning and effectiveness paradigm

decentralization

the location a significant amount of authority in the lower levels of the organization; workers are authorized to make decisions are solve problems on their own; has faster decision making and happier customers and workers

centralization of authority

the location of most authority at the upper levels of the organization

dysfunctional turnover

the loss of high performers who choose to leave, is a costly loss to the organization.

the three key parts of material requirements planning (MRP) are ___

the master production schedule, the bill of materials, and inventory records

which of the following positions most likely performs a staff function

the member of the office cleaning crew

Intrinsic rewards

the natural rewards associated with performing a task or activity for its own sake Ex: interesting work, the opportunity to learn new skills, and independent work situations

compare performance standards

the next step is to compare actual performance to standards. the size of the discrepancy or deviation between the standards and actual performance forms the basis for corrective action. the quality f the comparison largely depends on the measurement and information systems a company uses to keep track of performance

skill variety

the number of different activieties performed in a job

According to ______, leaders need to make clear how followers can achieve organizational goals, take care of problems that prevent followers from achieving goals, and then find more and varied reward to motivate followers who achieve those gaols

the path-goal theory

change agent

the person formally charged with guiding a change effort

Needs satisfaction

the physical or psychological requirements that must be met to ensure survival and well-being

recruitment

the process of attracting job candidates likely to have the right characteristics and skills to fill job openings

Validation

the process of determining how well a selection test or procedures predict future job performance

selection

the process of evaluating and choosing the best qualified candidate from the pool of applicants by using appropriate election devices

job analysis

the process of gathering basic fact about a job for the purpose of describing job duties, tasks, and responsibilities

Selection

the process of gathering information about job applicants to decide who should be offered a job

Needs assessment

the process of identifying and prioritizing the learning needs of employees -training should never be done without conducting this first

performance analysis

the process of identifying performance weaknesses by using performance appraisal information

the job

the responsibilities and duties performed by an employee

line authority

the right to command immediate subordinates in the chain of command

authority

the right to give commands, take action, and make decisions to achieve organizational objectives

Authority

the right to give commands, take action, and make decisions to achieve organizational objectives. Traditionally, organizational authority has been characterized by the following dimensions: chain of command line versus staff authority delegation of authority degree of centralization.

product/service design

the second operations management concern is to design the products or services. poorly designed products or services may result in low productivity and quality, and limit the flexibility of the production processes

Motivation

the set of forces that initiates, directs, and makes people persist in their efforts to accomplish a goal

strategic goals (organization-wide)

the strategic goals of most organizations have to do with such things as markets share, profitability, and growth

factors affecting cohesiveness

the stronger the commitment to team goals, the higher the cohesiveness. the smaller the team, the higher the cohesiveness the more similar the team members, the higher the cohesiveness. diverse groups usually make better decisions the more successful the team the higher the cohesiveness

Which of the following is an example of a rule used within normative decision theory to increase decision quality?

the subordinate conflict rule Correct the goal congruence rule*** the worker readiness rule the commitment requirement rule the commitment probability rule

tactical objectives (operations management)

the tactical objectives of operations management that support the organization's strategies are to maximize productivity and quality

According to milton Friedman, which of the following is a position opposing the stakeholder model of corporate social responsibility.

the time, money, and attention diverted to social causes undermine market efficiency.

Feedforward control assesses

the transformation of resources into output Correct resources flowing into the organization*** the outputs (quality and quantity) none of these are correct

Organizational Structure

the vertical and horizontal configuration of departments, authority, and jobs with a company

chain of command

the vertical lines of authority that clarifies who reports to whom

Expectancy Theory

theory recognizes that the same reward or outcome—say, a promotion—will be highly attractive to some people, will be highly disliked by others, and will not make much difference one way or the other to still others.

True

there is no such thing as a "best" leadership style for all situations and employees. t/f

Frank & Lillian Gilbreth are important to management b/c

they used motion studies to eliminate unnecessary motions form the work process

...when other companies have trie unsuccessfully to duplicate the advantage and ______

those companies have for the moment stopped trying to duplicate the advantage

Kodak makes digital cameras and paper for prints. Kodak would view the growing popularity of digital cameras as a _______ in its external environment if it considered how digital cameras affect sales of cameras that use film. On the other hand, Kodak would view the growing popularity of digital cameras as an ______ in its external environment if it considered the amount of Kodak processing paper used in printing pictures made by digital cameras

threat; opportunity

Kodak makes digital cameras and paper for prints. Kodak would view the growing popularity of digital cameras as a(n) ____ in its external environment if it considered how digital cameras affect sales of cameras that use film. On the other hand, Kodak would view the growing popularity of digital cameras as a(n) ____ in its external environment if it considered the amount of Kodak processing paper used in printing pictures made by digital cameras.

threat; opportunity

When Samsonite purchased American Tourister, one of the first things the new management did was to eliminate the American Tourister Gorilla mascot (which had appeared in all American Tourister ads for years and which represented the quality construction of American Tourister luggage). The gorilla had been a symbol of quality and commitment for American Tourister employees. The executive order to remove the gorilla posters from the walls of offices and factories was one of the means Samsonite used to change the organizational culture at American Tourister. The gorilla posters were an example of

visible artifacts

organizations use behavioral addition, behavioral substitution, and ____ to change their organizational culture.

visible artifacts

Disney is not in the movie and theme park business. Its _________is to create fun and fantasy for its customers.

vision

a ____ should be brief, enduring, inspirational, clear, and consistent with widely shared company beliefs and values

vision statement

Underreward

when you are getting fewer outcomes relative to your inputs than the referent

Overreward

when you are getting more outcomes relative to your inputs than the referent

In may 2005, U.S. attorney Michael J Sullivan announced that the United States had settled civil claims arising out of a suit that alleged oracle corporation had violated that false claims act.... the vice president acted as an

whisteblower

In May 2005, U.S. Attorney Michael J. Sullivan announced that the United States had settled civil claims arising out of a suit that alleged Oracle Corporation had violated the False Claims Act in connection with billing the federal government for software training services. The U.S. government learned about the overcharging from a former Oracle vice president. The vice president acted as a(n) ____.

whistleblower

Mark Graf, a security specialist at the Rocky Flats nuclear facility outside Denver, became alarmed about the temporary removal of 450 kilograms of plutonium oxide from a vault-like room to a "soft room" protected by drywall that you could punch a hole through. Graf eventually had to take his concerns to the media before the plutonium was stored again in a safe location. Graf's actions can be described as

whistleblower

Ernst & Young, an international accounting and management consulting company, entered Hungary first by establishing a joint venture with a local firm. Ernst & Young later acquired the company with which it had the alliance. As a result Ernst & Young then had a(n) ____ in Hungary.

wholly owned affiliate

higher order needs

will not motivate as long as lower-order needs remain unsatisfied.

sequential interdependence

work must be performed in succession, as one group's or job's outputs becomes the inputs for the next group or job

A local hospital ran into a funding problem when it tried to build a new state of the art pediatric unit. the hospital management asked a group of physicians, hospital volunteers, and administrative staff to develop and implement a plan to raise the necessary money. This group of people with complementary skills formed a

work team

a____is a small number of people with complementary skills who hold themselves mutually accountable for pursuing a common purpose, achieving performance goals, and improving interdependent work processes

work team

multifunctional teams

work teams composed of people from different departments; accelerate learning and understanding by mixing and integrating technical, marketing, and manufacturing activities

the _____ determined that companies can be prosecuted and punished for the illegal or unethical actions of employees even if management didn't know about the unethical behavior

us sentencing commission guidlines

(Tu) When an employee is farther away in the hierarchy, a good way to preserve understanding in the messages being sent to that employee would be

use live video or videotapes use face-to-face communication de-emphasize status symbols Correct all of these would be good solutions***

Frank and lillian gilbrith are important to management because they

use motion studies to eliminate unnecessary or repetitive motions from the work processs

financial statements

used by internal managers of a company as well as external suppliers, creditors, and inventors to evaluate a company's performance, goeth rate, and consistency

evaluative

used to make administrative decisions including pay raises, transfers, promotions, demotions, and terminations

developmental

used to make decisions and plans for performance improvements

Background checks

used to verify accuracy of information that applicants provide about themselves

According to the expectancy theory, _____ affect the conscious choices that people make about their motivation.

valence, expectancy, and instrumentality

Rubylyn is a very enthusiastic person who has been hired to work as the personal assistant for an event planner. At first, Rubylyn was driving her supervisor to distraction because she was always interrupting him and asking him if he wanted anything. After some ____ with the event planner, Rubylyn better understood what her job entailed and became a valued employee.

valid feedback Correct constructive feedback*** proactive criticism conduit reconstruction motivational feedback

a study in the construction industry found that when equipment is stolen from building sites, workers are the culprits 82% of the time. if background checks reduce employee thievery over a period of time and throughout the industry, then this selection process would be

validated

is a deviation in the form, condition, or appearance of a product from the quality standard for that product.

variation

chain of command

vertical line of authority that clarifies who reports to whom throughout the organization. People higher in the chain of command have the right, if they so choose, to give commands, take action, and make decisions concerning activities occurring anywhere below them in the chain.

A(n) ____ is defined as a team composed of geographically and/or organizationally dispersed coworkers who use telecommunications and information technologies to accomplish an organizational task.

virtual team

a(n) ___ is defined as a team composed of geographically and/or organizationally dispersed coworkers who use telecommunications and information technologies to accomplish an organizational task

virtual team

(Tu) If a company needs to have people with specific skills work together on a short-term project, which of the following types of teams would be most appropriate?

virtual team Correct cross-functional team*** self-managing team informal team

(Tu) ___________ emerge over time through the normal interaction of workers.

virtual teams formal teams cross-functional teams Correct groups***

unity of command

workers should report to just one boss. In practical terms, this means that only one person can be in charge at a time. Matrix organizations, in which employees have two bosses, automatically violate this principle. This is one of the primary reasons that matrix organizations are difficult to manage. The purpose of unity of command is to prevent the confusion that might arise when an employee receives conflicting commands from two different bosses.

unity of command

workers should report to just one boss; matrix departmentalization violates this rule-of-thumb

Sharron Grant-Burton was a marketing director for Covenant Care, owner of skilled-nursing and assisted-living facilities. During a discussion of the fairness of the company's bonus structure with other marketing directors, Grant-Burton said she did not receive a bonus because her executive director "did not believe in them." Several days later, Grant-Burton was fired and told she had been terminated for a number of unspecified reasons, including her comments about bonuses. This is an example of a ____.

wrongful discharge

Once teams have made it to the performing stage, they no longer need fear a decline in performance.

False

False

The level of agreement on whether behavior is good or bad is defined as the level of ethical acceptance. t/f

organizational, supervisory, and work group

What are the 3 kinds of encouragement in a creative work environment?

large system, small group, and person-focused

What are the 3 kinds of organizational development interventions?

unfreezing, change intervention, and refreezing

What are the 3 steps to managing resistance to change?

c. Accommodations for disabilities needn't be expensive

Which of the following statements about disabilities is true?

Planning, Organizing, Leading, and Controlling are known as:

__Henri Foyol's management functions

Legitimate and Reward power

compliance response from followers. followers do only the minimal that leader requests

Hawthrone Studies showed how _____ can influence work group performance, for better or worse

group cohesiveness

minority domination tends to be a particular problem in ____

groups of ten or larger

Extrinsic rewards

Tangible and visible to others and are given to employees contingent on the performance of specific task or behaviors

S.M.A.R.T. goals should be:

(1) Specific, (2) Measurable, (3) Attainable, (4) Realistic, and (5) Timely.

MBO is defined as a four-step process in which managers and employees

(1) discuss and (2) select goals, (3) develop tactical plans, and (4) meet regularly to review progress toward goal accomplishment. MBO focuses on shorter-term tactical planning.

The three pitfalls of planning are:

(1) planning may produce a false sense of security, (2) planning may impede change and adaptation, and (3) planners may operate detached from "ground level" reality of the company and its environment.

Getting background information

-Conduct criminal record checks -Ask applicants to sign a waiver to check references, run a background check, or contact people with knowledge of work history -Ask applicants if there is anything they want the company to know -Consider hiring a private investigator

Reacting to Inequity

-Decreasing or withholding inputs -Increasing outcomes -Rationalize or distort inputs to outcomes -Changing the referent -Employees may leave

The Basics of Motivation

-Effort and performance -Need satisfaction -Extrinsic and intrinsic rewards -How to motivate with the basic model of motivation

Application Forms

-May ask applicants only for job related information -commonly ask applicants for non job related information, such as marital status, maiden name, age, date of high school grad

2 ways to improve performance appraisal measures

-Objective and subject performance measures

Specific Aptitude Test

-Specific ability tests measure the extent to which an applicant possesses the particular kind of ability needed to do a job well. -Specific ability tests are also called aptitude tests because they measure aptitude for doing a particular task well.

Motivating with Expectancy Theory

-Systematically gather information to find out what employees want from their jobs -Take specific steps to link rewards to individual performance in a clear and understandable way -Empower employees to make decisions if management really wants them to believe that their hard work and effort will lead to good performance

listening to customers

A chain of specialty fashion stores has interviewed a sample of its female customers and learned that a customer can be expected to visit the store looking for new merchandise on average every two weeks. The chain of stores was able to set this standard through ____.

Job analysis collects 4 kinds of information

-Work activities -Tools and equipment used to do to the job -Context in which the job is performed (actual working conditions/schedule) -The personnel requirements for performing the job (knowledge, skills, abilities)

Frame of reference training

-a group of trainees learns how to do performance appraisals by watching a video of an employee at work and then evaluating the person's performance -a trainer shares his or her evaluations, and trainees' evaluations are compared with experts' -expert explains his or her evaluation -process repeated until the differences are minimized

An in-basket exercise is

-a paper-and-pencil test in which an applicant is given a manager's in-basket containing memos, phone messages, organizational policies, and other communications normally received by and available to managers

Work sample tests

-also called performance tests, require applicants to perform tasks that are actually done on the job -directly measure job applicants' capability to do the job.

Situational question

-ask applicants how they would respond in a hypothetical situation ("What would you do if . . . ?"). These questions are more appropriate for hiring new graduates, who are unlikely to have encountered real-work situations because of their limited work experience.

Interviews

-companies ask applicants questions to determine if they are qualified for the job -frequently used and relied on

the basics of motivation

-effort and performance -need satisfaction -extrinsic and intrinsic rewards -how to motivate with the basic model of motivation

Biographical data (Biodata)

-extensive surveys that ask applicants questions about their personal backgrounds and life experiences -the basic idea is that past behavior (personal background and life experience) is the best predictor of future behavior -Most questionnaires have over 100 items that gather information about habits and attitudes, health, interpersonal relations, money, what it was like growing up in your family (parents, siblings, childhood years, teen years), personal habits, current home (spouse, children), hobbies, education and training, values, preferences, and work. In general, biodata are very good predictors of future job performance, especially in entry-level jobs.

semistructured interviews

-hybrids of structured and unstructured interviews -A major part is based on structured questions, but some time is set aside for unstructured interviewing to allow the interviewer to probe into ambiguous or missing information uncovered during the structured portion of the interview.

disparate treatment

-intentional discrimination -occurs when people, despite being qualified, are intentionally not given the same hiring, promotion, or membership opportunities as other employees because of their race, color, age, sex, ethnic group, national origin, or religious beliefs.

Performance appraisals are used for four broad purposes

-making administrative decisions (e.g., pay increase, promotion, retention) -providing feedback for employee development (e.g., performance feedback, developing career plans) -evaluating human resource programs (e.g., validating selection systems) -documentation purposes (e.g., documenting performance ratings and decisions based on those ratings).

Cognitive Ability Test

-measure the extent to which applicants have abilities in perceptual speed, verbal comprehension, numerical aptitude, general reasoning, and spatial aptitude. -indicate how quickly and how well people understand words, numbers, logic, and spatial dimensions -cognitive ability tests accurately predict job performance in almost all kinds of jobs -if you were allowed to use just one selection test, a cognitive ability test would be the one to use.

E-Learning Disadvantages

-not always the appropriate method -not effective for changing behavior or developing problem- solving skills -require significant investment in technology -many employees find it boring and unengaging

Hostile work environment

-occurs when unwelcome and demeaning sexually related behavior creates an intimidating, hostile, and offensive work environment. -may not result in economic injury but it can lead to psychological injury from a stressful work environment.

Training can be evaluated in four ways

-on reactions (how satisfied trainees were with the program) -on learning (how much employees improved their knowledge or skills) -on behavior (how much employees actually changed their on-the-job behavior because of training) -on results (how much training improved job performance, such as increased sales or quality, or decreased costs).

The newest method for capturing information, that may be used to speed up the check-out process at grocery stores is called

Bar codes Scanners Correct RFID tags*** OCR

Modular organizations

-outsource non core activities outsource all remaining business activities to outside companies, suppliers, specialists. Modular is used bc the business activities purchased from outside companies can be added and dropped as needed -Exhibit 9.13 depicts a modular organization in which the company has chosen to keep training, human resources, sales, etc., as core business activities, but it has outsourced the noncore activities of product distribution, Web page design, advertising, etc. -adv: pay for outsourcing labor, expertise etc only when needed so cost less ex: apple had audio chip made in texas - dis: loss of control that occurs when key business activities are outsourced

Resumes

-pose a problem because of false data -managers should verify all information in resumes

outplacement services

-provide employment counseling for people faced with downsizing -services often include advice and training in preparing résumés, getting ready for job interviews, and even identifying job opportunities in other companies

Applicants have a limited time to

-read through the in-basket, prioritize the items, and decide how to deal with each item -Experienced managers then score the applicants' decisions and recommendations

Computer Based Learning (E-Learning) Advantages

-reduce travel costs -increase productivity -decrease employee stress -can be faster than traditional training methods

companies use ERIPs to

-reduces number of employees, lowers costs, create new openings

If companies do find themselves in financial or strategic situations where downsizing is required for survival

-they should train managers in how to break the news to downsized employees -have senior managers explain in detail why downsizing is necessary -time the announcement so that employees hear it from the company and not from other sources, such as TV or newspaper reports -companies should do everything they can to help downsized employees find other jobs.

adverse impact

-unintentional discrimination -occurs when members of a particular race, sex, or ethnic group are unintentionally harmed or disadvantaged because they are hired, promoted, or trained (or any other employment decision) at substantially lower rates than others.

Assessment Centers

-use a series of job-specific simulations that are graded by multiple trained observers to determine applicants' ability to perform managerial work -most often used to select applicants who have high potential to be good managers

A ____ is a performance appraisal process in which feedback is obtained from the boss, subordinates, peers, and co-workers as well as the employees themselves.

360 degree feedback

A ____ is a performance appraisal process in which feedback is obtained from the boss, subordinates, peers, and co-workers as well as the employees themselves.

360-degree feedback

is a performance appraisal process in which feedback is obtained from the boss, subordinates, peers, and coworkers as well as the employees themselves

360-feedback

which of the following size teams usually provides the best performance

6 to 9

The ____ is a rule of thumb used by the courts and the EEOC to determine whether there is evidence of adverse impact. A violation of this rule occurs when the selection rate for a protected group is less than a specified level of the selection rate for a nonprotected group.

80 percent rule

The _______ is a rule of thumb used by the courts and the EEOC to determine whether there is evidence of adverse impact. A violation of this rule occurs when the selection rate for a protected group is less than a specified level of the selection rate for a nonprotected group.

80% rule

is a rule of thumb used by the courts and the EEOC to determine whether there is evidence of adverse impact. a violation of this rule occurs when the selection rate for a protected group is less than a specified of the selection rate for a non-protected group

80% rule

Effort and Performance

= Motivation x Ability x Situational Constraints

consideration

A CEO who tours company plants to meet and talk to employees at all levels in order to better understand their concerns and feelings is demonstrating which type of leader behavior?

Employee Separation

A broad term covering the loss of an employee for any reason.

feedforward

A car manufacturer ordered 20,000 window assemblies from a supplier. To make sure the assemblies were made to specifications, the supplier of the window assemblies shipped a sample to the car manufacturer for testing. This is an example of ____ control.

True

A company using a reactive strategy to respond to demands for social responsibility will do less than society expects. t/f

Multinational corporations

A corporation that owns businesses intwo or more countries

technology cycle

A cycle that begins with the "birth" of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and is replaced by a newer, better technology

suboptimization

A large university library has decided to make it nearly impossible for all but the most renowned Civil War experts to access their Civil War collection. The librarian in charge of this collection feels that this new policy will adversely influence the use of the collection in research on the experiences of everyday people during the war. This is an example of the use of control creating ____.

validated

A study in the construction industry found that when equipment is stolen from building sites, workers are the culprits 82 percent of the time. If background checks reduced employee thievery over a period of time and throughout the industry, then this selection process would be ____.

background checks

A study in the construction industry found that when equipment is stolen from building sites, workers are the culprits 82 percent of the time. Which type of selection information would employers in the construction industry receive the greatest benefit from if their goal is to stop employee theft?

____ is the emotional reaction that can occur when disagreements become personal rather than professional.

A-type conflict

________ is the emotional reaction that can occur when disagreements become personal rather than professional

A-type conflict

McClelland

ACHIEVEMENT, POWER, AND AFFILIATION

____ is the degree to which a job gives workers the discretion, freedom, and independence to decide how and when to accomplish their jobs.

Autonomy

Which of the following is not a problem in cross-cultural communication?

Address terms Schedule time Acquaintance time Correct All of these are problems in cross-cultural communication***

Functional Adv & Dis

Adv: -Work done by highly skilled specialists -Lowers costs through reduced duplication -Communication and coordination problems are lessened Dis: -Cross-department coordination can be difficult -May lead to slower decision making -Produces managers with narrow experiences Functional departmentalization has some advantages. First, it allows work to be done by highly qualified specialists. While the accountants in the accounting department take responsibility for producing accurate revenue and expense figures, the engineers in research and development can focus their efforts on designing a product that is reliable and simple to manufacture. Second, it lowers costs by reducing duplication. When the engineers in research and development come up with that fantastic new product, they don't have to worry about creating an aggressive advertising campaign to sell it. That task belongs to the advertising experts and sales representatives in marketing. Third, with everyone in the same department having similar work experience or training, communication and coordination are less problematic for departmental managers. However, functional departmentalization has a number of disadvantages, too. To start, cross-department coordination can be difficult. Managers and employees are often more interested in doing what's right for their function than in doing what's right for the entire organization. A good example is the traditional conflict between marketing and manufacturing. Marketing typically pushes for spending more money to make more products with more accessories and capabilities to meet customer needs. By contrast, manufacturing pushes for fewer products with simpler designs, so that manufacturing facilities can ship finished products on time and keep costs within expense budgets. As companies grow, functional departmentalization may also lead to slower decision-making, and produce managers and workers with narrow experience and expertise.

false

Affirmative action actually makes good business sense in terms of cost savings, the ability to attract and retain talent, and business growth.

True

After the Industrial Revolution, jobs mostly occurred in large, formal organizations where hundreds of people worked under one roof. t/f

The two industries discussed by Michael Porter in the video we watched about the "Five Industry Forces" were:

Airlines and soft drinks

Which of the following statements about federal employment law is true?

All federal laws are administered by the Department of Labor.

openness to experience

An family restaurant based in the English speaking providence of Ontario, was planning on opening a catering business in the French-speaking areas of Canada, This restaurant would need employees with which of the following dimensions of personality?

Walmart's information system that allows vendors limited access to information they need is an example of

An intranet An internet Correct An extranet*** None of these are correct

true

An intrinsic reward is a reward associated with performing a task or activity for its own sake.

True

Another name for the informal communication channel is the "grapevine." t/f

Two basic general methods for capturing information are electronic and

Bar codes Scanners Correct Manual*** OCR

Which of the following questions is deemed acceptable (i.e., "legal") for employers to ask applicants during the selection process?

Are you a United States citizen? Have you ever filed a lawsuit against an employer? Correct Have you ever been convicted of a crime?*** Do you smoke or use tobacco products? None of these

False

As a general rule, managers prefer written communication methods over oral communication methods. t/f

true

As a leader behavior, initiating structure is the degree to which a leader structures the roles of followers by setting goals, giving directions, setting deadlines, and assigning tasks

true

As described in the path-goal theory, directive leadership is similar to the key leadership behavior of initiating structure

Motivating with goal setting theory

Assign employees specific, challenging goals. Make sure workers truly accept organizational goals. Provide frequent, specific, performance-related feedback

In the initial stages of researching leader behaviors, it was believed that

Autocratic behaviors were more effective Job-centered behaviors were more effective Correct Democratic behaviors were more effective*** There was no difference between autocratic and democratic behaviors in their effectiveness

the ___ is a portfolio strategy that managers use to categorize their corporations businees by growth rate and relative market share

BCG matrix

true

Background checks can be used to verify the truthfulness and accuracy of information that applicants provide about themselves.

True

Because of Eli Whitney's ideas for increasing production in a gun-manufacturing operation, most products are manufactured today using standardized, interchangeable parts. t/f

conduct a job analysis

Before beginning to recruit, organizations must ____.

Reinforcement theory

Behavior is a function of its consequences, behaviors followed by positive consequences will occur more frequently, and behaviors followed by negative consequences for not followed by positive consequences, will occur less frequently

Reinforcement Theory

Behavior is a function of its consequences, behaviors followed by positive consequences will occur more frequently, and behaviors followed by negative consequences, or not followed by positive consequences, will occur less frequently.

True

Benchmarking is the process of identifying outstanding practices, processes, and standards in other companies and adapting them to your company. t/f

false

Benchmarking is the process of setting corporate norms

False

Benchmarking is the process of setting corporate norms. t/f

learning and effectiveness

Bentley College launched a comprehensive diversity initiative that includes frequent diversity retreats for faculty, staff, and student leaders; innovative recruitment efforts; employee benefits for domestic partners; and extensive support services focused on race, gender, and disability. Bentley uses the ____ paradigm for managing diversity

Which of the following is not one of the means mentioned for protecting information?

Biometrics Data encryption Correct Viruses*** Authentication

True

Budgets are used to project costs and revenues, to prioritize and control spending, and to ensure that expenses don't exceed available funds and revenues. t/f

False

Buyer dependence is the degree to which a company relies on a supplier because of the importance of the supplier's product to the company and the difficulty of finding other sources of that product.t/f

controlling

C&K Brewing Company is a microbrewery in western Canada. It produces Maiden's Honor brand ale, a dark beer called Warrior's Cry, and several seasonal beers under the brand name Hearthfire. Its owners George Claiborne and Pete Kunard both believe the brewery's competitive advantage comes from the duo having hired an experienced German brewmaster to oversee the production of its beers. The brewmaster checks all of the ingredients before they are mixed together to make sure that each component is of the highest possible quality and rejects those that are not. After the beer has brewed, the brewmaster runs several tests on the beer to check for taste and clarity and throws out barrels that are cloudy and/or bitter. Refer to C&K Brewing. The brewmaster is in charge of which classical management function?

false

Cognitive ability tests are also called aptitude tests.

How would you respond to the following statement? "Group conflict is always bad."

Cognitive conflict (C-type) is strongly associated with improvements in team performance.

True

Conceptual skills are the ability to see the organization as a whole, understand how the different parts affect each other, and recognize how the company fits into or is affected by its environment. t/f

Pay-structure decisions

Concerned with internal pay distribution, meaning the extent to which people in the company receive very different levels of pay

false

Concertive control produces less stress for workers than bureaucratic control.

True

Concertive control produces less stress for workers than bureaucratic control. t/f

the degree to which someone is organized, hardworking, responsible, and achievement-oriented

Conscientiousness is ____.

Variable ratio behavior

Consequences follow a different number of behaviors, sometimes more and sometimes less, but very around the specific average number of behaviors

Fixed ratio behavior

Consequences follow a specific number of behaviors

Fixed interval time

Consequences follow behavior after a fixed time as elapsed

Variable interval time

Consequences follow behavior after different times, some shorter and some longer, that vary around a specific average time

underreward

Currently the U.S. Olympic Committee (USOC) pays Olympic athletes $25,000 for each gold medal, $15,000 for a silver medal, and $10,000 for a bronze medal. The USOC pays disabled athletes only 10 percent of what the Olympic athletes are paid. Paralympic athletes are angry at being treated unfairly. What kind of inequity are the Paralympic athletes experiencing?

____ is a performance assessment in which companies identify which customers are leaving and the rate at which customers are leaving.

Customer defection

True

Customer satisfaction surveys are an accurate and effective way to answer the Balanced Scorecard question: "How do customers see us?" t/f

At Walmart's, _______________ are required to enter into the Walmart inventory system and generate a new order for supplies when they are running low.

Customers Correct Suppliers*** Cashiers Shelf stockers

True

Cybernetic feasibility refers to the extent to which it is possible to implement each step in the control process. t/f

A tech ______ begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and dies as it replaced by a newer, substantially better tech

Cycle

Pay-level decisions

Decisions about whether to pay workers at a level above, below, or at current market wages.

Reacting to inequity

Decreasing or withholding inputs, increasing outcomes, rationalize or distort inputs to outcomes, changing the referent, and employees may leave

Wally

Dilbert's coworker that does as little as possible

______ is a method of investment in which a company builds a new business or buys an existing business in a foreign country.

Direct foreign investment

____ is intentional discrimination that occurs when people are purposefully not given the same hiring, promotion, or membership opportunities because of their race, sex, age, ethnic group, national origin, or religious beliefs

Disparate treatment

A manufacturer of suntan lotion could set a(n) ______ goal to increase revenues by 8 % over the next five years and an _____ goal to increase sales next June in Miami Beach by 3 %

Distal, proximal

false

Distributive justice refers to the perceived fairness of the process used to make reward allocation decisions.

false

Diversity exists in organizations when there is a variety of demographic, cultural, and personal differences among the customers who do business with them.

improving marketplace understanding

Diversity helps companies grow by ____.

true

Diversity helps companies save money by reducing turnover, decreasing absenteeism, and avoiding expensive lawsuits.

Deciding how to state or write the message, selecting the right words and setting and so on, is referred to as

Downward Upward Horizontal Correctd. All of these are very difficult to establish

True

Due to perceptual filters, people exposed to the same information will often disagree about what they saw or heard. t/f

Alderfer

ERG Theory collapses Maslow's five needs into three: existence (safety and physiological needs), relatedness (belongingness), and growth (esteem and self-actualization).7

Which of the following statements about economic value added (EVA) is true?

EVA is the amount by which profits (after expenses) exceed the cost of capital in a given year.

makes managers at all levels pay much closer attention to how they run their segment of the business

Economic value added (EVA) is so important because it ____.

A basic model of work motivation and performance

Effort (initiation, direction, persistence) = performance

is responsible for the fact that most products are manufactured using standardized, interchangeable parts

Eli Whitney

is best known for his role in Hawthrone Studies

Elton May

Which management theorist provided managers with a better understanding of the effect group social interactions and employee satisfaction have on individual and group performance?

Elton Mayo

Atlanta Rent-A-Car refused to hire two females allegedly because they were wearing Muslim attire. What federal agency filed charges as a result of this episode

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

Which 3 federal government agencies oversee human-resource laws?

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Department of Labor, Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs

Management by objectives is a two-step process in which managers and their employees discuss possible goals and then meet regularly to review progress toward the accomplishment of those goals.

False

punishment

Excessive speed is a major cause of road crashes in Australia. The Australian government is thinking of using cameras to catch speeders. According to reinforcement theory, Australian officials are using ____ to control speeding

false

Expectancy theory describes one's motivation as a primarily unconscious process.

A company engaged in cross training is using individual team members to teach other members how to do all or most of the jobs they can perform.

False

According to bureaucratic management principles, those higher in the chain of command do not have the right to give commands, take action, and make decisions concerning activities occurring anywhere below them in the chain.

False

According to the systems approach to management, an open system can function without interacting with its environment.

False

Affirmative action is required by law for all private employers, and diversity is voluntary.

False

As teams develop and grow, they pass through three stages of development. These three stages are 1) perceived team, 2) felt team, and 3) manifest team.

False

Bargaining power of buyers tends to be higher when a company sells a popular product to multiple buyers than when a company is dependent on just a few high-volume buyers.

False

Companies face very little uncertainty in their strategic business environments.

False

Concertive control produces less stress for workers than bureaucratic control.

False

Control is an intermittent activity that requires periodic attention from managers once or twice a month.

False

DSS programs can replace managerial decision making.

False

Developing a purpose statement is the sole responsibility of middle management.

False

Directive leadership is a leadership style in which leaders set challenging goals, have high expectations of employees, and display confidence that employees will assume responsibility and put forth extraordinary effort.

False

Distributive justice refers to the perceived fairness of the process used to make reward allocation decisions.

False

Employee turnover is always bad for an organization.

False

Functional turnover is the loss of high-performing employees who choose to leave the organization.

False

In Fiedler's contingency theory, the two situational factors that determine the favorability of a situation are leader-member relations and task structure.

False

In general, blogs serve no value in the corporate world.

False

In general, blogs serve no value to the corporate world.

False

In general, extrinsic rewards are more important to workers than intrinsic rewards.Answer

False

In matrix departmentalization, as in other forms of departmentalization, most employees report to a single boss.

False

In setting their pay structures, companies use a procedure, known as performance assessment, which determines the worth of each job by determining the market value of the knowledge, skills, and requirements needed to perform it.

False

In the perceptual process, apprehension is the process of remembering interpreted information.

False

Inventory is defined as the number of finished products that a company has in its possession either in the factory, in warehouses, or on delivery vehicles.

False

Job enlargement and job enrichment mean essentially the same thing.

False

Kohlberg's three phases of moral development (in the appropriate order) are law and order, instrumental exchange, and universal principle.

False

Once a company finishes the downsizing process, it should never need to downsize again.

False

False

Feedback control is a mechanism for gathering information about performance deficiencies (before) they occur. t/f

True

Feedback is not necessary in the communication process when the sender and receiver are both confident that they understand each other. t/f

The use of job training is a type of

Feedforward control Correct Concurrent control*** Feedback control Employment barrier (don't choose this one)

Which of the following is an example of a situational theory of leadership?

Fiedler's contingency theory

False

Fiedler's contingency theory is based on the assumption that leaders are capable of adapting and adjusting their leadership styles to fit the demands of different situations. t/f

Managers can do three different things to make performance reviews as comfortable and productive as possible.

First, managers should separate developmental feedback, which is designed to improve future performance, from administrative feedback, which is used to evaluate past performance, often for determining rewards such as raises. Second, Meyer suggests that performance appraisal feedback sessions be based on self-appraisals, in which employees carefully assess their own strengths, weaknesses, successes, and failures in writing. Because employees play an active role in the review of their performance, managers can be coaches rather than judges. Finally, what people do with the performance feedback they receive really matters

True

First-line managers are the only managers who do not supervise other managers. t/f

consistently, contingently, and quickly

For punishment to work (i.e., to weaken the frequency of undesirable behaviors without creating a backlash), the punishment must be strong enough to stop the undesired behavior and must be administered ____.

do all of these

For the goal-setting theory to work, goals must ____.

increasing outcomes

For workers who feel underpaid, creating a union at their place of employment to attain higher wages can be a mechanism for restoring equity by ____.

do all of these things

Ford Motor Company has always attracted and nurtured capable managers, but it has failed to do the same for leaders. Ford is embarking on a sweeping attempt to mass-manufacture leaders. It wants to build an army of "warrior-entrepreneurs." Ford's "warrior-entrepreneurs" will be expected to ____.

a hostile work environment

Former female employees of a national real estate brokerage firm claimed that they were subjected to lewd remarks, unwanted groping, and sexual propositions by male co-workers. According to their attorney, "The firm created a frat-house culture and then failed to do anything about it." Their suit claims the women were victims of ____.

goal

France has 14 million smokers. More importantly, smokers in France are closely associated with the French culture. So when the French government waged a war against smoking, it set as its ____ to reduce smoking by 30 percent by the end of the decade.

Franchise dis:

Franchisors face a loss of control Franchising success may be culture-bound

Which management theorist would most likely have said, "The greatest waste in the world comes from needless, ill-directed, and ineffective motions"?

Frank and Lilian Gilbreth

False

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth studied the psychology of groups. t/f

____ is the process of finding, developing, and keeping the right people for the company.

Functional resource planning Correct Human resource management*** Work force forecasting Recruiting Human resource implementation

True

Global business is defined as the buying and selling of goods and services by people from different countries. t/f

goal commitment

Goal acceptance is most similar to the idea of ____.

Components of Goal-Setting Theory

Goal specificity Goal difficulty Goal acceptance Performance feedback

false

Goal specificity is the extent to which a goal is hard or challenging to accomplish.

Components of goal setting theory

Goal specificity, goal difficulty, goal acceptance, and performance feedback

adding goal setting theory to the model

Goals create tensions between the goal, which is desired future state of affairs and where the employers our company is now, meaning the current state of affairs. This tension can be satisfied only by achieving or abandoning the goal. Goals also energize behavior. When faced with an accomplished goals, employees typically develop plans and strategies to reach those goals. Finally, goals influence persistence.

List and define the three types of grand strategies

Growth: the company is trying to gain a larger percentage of the market, more profit Stability: the company is trying to improve the process of selling the same product to the same customers better Retrenchment: companies trying to scale back and refocus. Usually done when a company is starting to do poorly. A planned shrinkage

Joint Venture adv:

Help companies avoid tariff and nontariff barriers to entry Participating companies bear only partof the costs and risks Advantageous to smaller local partners

is best know for developing the 5 functions of managers & the 14 principles of management

Henri Fayol

True

Henri Fayol classified management functions into five categories. t/f

What leads to effort

Hi I ordered needs will not motivate as long as lower order needs to remain unsatisfied. Its difficult to predict which I ordered needs will motivate employees behavior. The relative importance of the various needs may change over time

One of the major actions an employer can take to help reduce the likelihood of accusations of sexual harassment is

High only males or only females in certain job categories so that males and females don't have to work together in the same physical surroundings Tell managers to mention the problem to their subordinates Correct Provide training and then test for understanding of what constitutes sexual harassment*** Hire a public relations specialist to smooth things over when such harassment does occur

Which of the following statements about ISO 9000 is true?

ISO 9000 is a series of three standards for achieving consistency in quality management and quality assurance in U.S.-based organizations only. The ISO 9000 standards are specific and require companies who seek this certification to completely reorganize. Correct To become ISO 9000 certified, companies must show that they are following their own procedures.*** The ISO standards were created by the Industrial Service Organizations. All of these statements about ISO 9000 are true.

Motivating with reinforcement theory

Identify, measure, analyze, intervene, and evaluate... Don't reinforce the wrong behaviour... Correctly administer punishment at the appropriate time... Choose the simplest and most effective schedule of reinforcement

Motivating with Reinforcement Theory

Identify, measure, analyze, intervene, evaluate Don't reinforce the wrong behaviors Correctly administer punishment at the appropriate time Choose the simplest and most effective schedule of reinforcement

Briefly identify the four conditions that must be met if a firms resources are to be used to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage

Imperfectly Imitable resources: companies have tried to copy these resources unsuccessfully or are to expensive to reproduce. Rare resources: Resources that are hard to find valuable resources: resources that improve efficiency and effectiveness nonsubstituble resources: resources you cant swap out for another resource

false

Implementing controls is always worthwhile

False

Implementing controls is always worthwhile. t/f

standards

In October 2005, Cadbury Schweppes losses caused it to scale back its financial projections for the remainder of the year. These financial projections were ____ for the beverage company

continuous

In a(n) ____ reinforcement schedule, a consequence follows every instance of a behavior

variable interval

In a(n) ____ reinforcement schedule, consequences follow a behavior after different times, some shorter and some longer, that vary around a specified average time.

referents

In equity theory, ____ are others with whom people compare themselves to determine if they have been treated fairly

False

In general, blogs serve no value in the corporate world. t/f

A _______ strategy is a corporate strategy that addresses the question "How should we compete in this industry"

Industry-level

Concurrent control systems occur at the

Input stage Correct Transformation stage*** Output stage All of these are correct

Components of Equity Theory

Inputs Outcomes Referents

Components of equity theory

Inputs, outcome, referents

is the number of times per year that a company sells or replaces its average inventory.

Inventory Turnover

concertive; bureaucratic

Ironically, ____ control may lead to even more pressure for workers to conform to expectations than ____ control.

An article on public libraries contained the following statement: "The Balanced Scorecard helps organize and run the library according to a specific strategic plan, while demonstrating the library's value to the community as a whole." When dealing with the customer area of the Balanced Scorecard, the article advised librarians to use customer surveys. Why might this be a poor strategy to use?

It could create information overload. Customer surveys are never reliable. Stakeholders should not be involved in the creation of a Balanced Scorecard. Results may only reveal halo effects. Correct Customer surveys are typically misleading, skewed to positive feedback.***

true

Job analyses, job descriptions, and job specifications help companies meet the legal requirement that their human resource decisions be job-related.

Identifying and prioritizing the learning needs of employees is called

Job analysis Job specification Job design Correct Needs assessment***

true

Job analysis is a purposeful and systematic process of collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job.

____ determines the number, kind, and variety of tasks that individual workers perform in their jobs.

Job design

____ is characterized by simple, easy-to-learn steps; low variety; and high repetition.

Job specialization

What is the most common strategic alliance

Joint Venture

is a ticket-based system that indicates when to reorder inventory.

Kanban

Which of the following is a useful guideline for successful management of virtual teams?

Keep team interaction upbeat and action-oriented.

self-confidence

Leaders who possess the trait of ____ are more decisive and assertive and more likely to gain others' confidence.

true

Leadership is the process of influencing others to achieve group or organizational goals

McClelland

Learned Needs Theory suggests that people are motivated by the need for affiliation (to be liked and accepted), the need for achievement (to accomplish challenging goals), or the need for power (to influence others).

The signing of the ____ created a regional trading zone in Europe.

Maastricht Treaty

The last step in effective planning is to _____

Maintain flexibility in planning

delegation of authority

Managers can exercise their authority directly by completing the tasks themselves, or they can choose to pass on some of their authority to subordinates. Delegation of authority is the assignment of direct authority and responsibility to a subordinate to complete tasks for which the manager is normally responsible. -When a manager delegates work, three transfers occur. First, the manager transfers full responsibility for the assignment to the subordinate. Indeed, most managers have way too much to do. So, from a practical perspective, they can't assume new responsibilities that come with change and growth until they fully delegate old ones. -manager gives subordinate responsibility and authority and in return u have accountability Another problem is that managers often fear that the task won't be done as well if they don't do it themselves. Second, delegation transfers to the subordinate full authority over the budget, resources, and personnel needed to do the job. To do the job effectively, subordinates must have the same tools and information at their disposal that managers had when they were responsible for the same task. The third transfer that occurs with delegation is the transfer of accountability. The subordinate now has the authority and responsibility to do the job, and is then accountable for getting the job done. In other words, managers give subordinates their managerial authority and responsibility in exchange for results.

make sure workers truly accept organizational goals

Managers who use goal-setting theory to motivate employees should ____.

True

Managers with better listening skills are rated as better managers by their employees and are much more likely to be promoted. t/f

____ departmentalization is notorious for confusion and conflict between project managers in different areas of the organization.

Matrix

SMART guidlines

Measurable

The first step of the control process is

Measure actual performance Feedback Correct Establish standards of performance*** Compare actual performance to the standard

False

Milestones are formal review points that tend to lengthen the innovation process. t/f

Components of Expectancy Theory

Motivation = Valence x Expectancy x Instrumentality

Components of expectancy theory

Motivation = valence X expectancy X instrumentality

Job performance equals

Motivation X ability X situational constraints

true

Motivation is the set of forces that initiates, directs, and makes people persist in their efforts to accomplish a goal

Balance between consistency and adaptation

Multinational companies struggle to find the correct balance between global consistency and local adaptation. If they lean too much toward global consistency, they run the risk of using management procedures poorly-suited to particular countries' markets, cultures, and employees. However, if companies focus too much on local adaptation, they run the risk of losing the cost efficiencies and productivity that result from using standardized rules and procedures throughout the world.

True

Multinational corporations are corporations that own businesses in two or more countries. t/f

Canada, mexico, and the US belong to which regional trading zone

NAFTA

CHAPTER 15

NO TUTORIAL

____ describes the average level of ability, experience, personality, or any other factor on a team.

Team level

Maslow predictions of Needs theory

Needs are arranged in a hierarchy from low to high people are motivated by their lowest unsatisfied need

Communicating with someone relative to non-job-related activities that may affect their performance is called

Networking Coaching Correct Counseling*** MBWA

When making travel plans many tourists have selected Thomas Cook.......

Nonsubstitutable

A ______ is a nontax method of increasing the cost of reducing the volume of imported goods.

Nontariff barrier

_____ _____ are defined as nontax methods of increasing the cost or reducing the volume of imported goods.

Nontariff barriers

______ refers to regulation of workers' behavior and decisions through widely shared organizational values and beliefs. One way for an organization to implement normative controls is to have very selective hiring practices.

Normative control

Which of the following statements about normative control is true?

Normative control leads to an emphasis on very selective hiring.

Organizational Process

The collection of activities that transform inputs into outputs that customers value.

The ____ is a regional trade agreement that liberalizes trade between countries more than any other such agreement.

North American Free Trade Agreement

________ workers show better judgment, care more about the quality of their work, and are less likely to quit or be late or absent.

Older

are accurately described by none of these

Older workers ____.

higher-order and lower-order needs

On the basis of research evidence, the two basic needs categories are ____.

True

One of Taylor's scientific management principles concerned how workers should be selected. t/f

Which of the following statements about employee turnover is true?

One of the best ways to discourage turnover is to link pay directly to performance.

piecework

One of the reasons items manufactured in Southeast Asia are imported into the United States less expensively is that workers are paid a small amount of money for each item produced. The manufacturers operating in Southeast Asia use what type of pay plan?

False

One recommendation for managers wishing to improve their formal communication is to decrease reliance on downward communication. t/f

True

One significant advantage of economic valve added (EVA) is that it clearly states what specific actions managers should or should not take in order to improve financial performance. t/f

There are three kinds of ____ plans. They are single-use plans, standing plans, and budgests

Operational

Which of the following is not one of the costs of inventory?

Ordering costs Holding costs Stockout costs Correct Packaging costs***

Which of the following statements about leaders and managers is true?

Organizations need both leaders and managers.

Hot Topic is a fast-growing clothing chain targeted to the alternative teen demographic. Hot Topic's CEO Betsy McLaughlin relies on her employees to locate new trends. McLaughlin almost daily consults with her employees for suggestions on what the stores should carry. She relies on their input before making inventory decisions. McLaughlin uses the ____ style of management.

Participative

innovation streams

Patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage

Alderfer predictions of need theories

People can be motivated by more than one need at a time

What is the name of the boss in the Dilbert cartoon?

Pointy-Hair Boss

Components of Reinforcement Theory

Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Punishment Extinction

Culture Differences

Power distance- extent to which ppl in a country accept that power in distributed unequally in society and org. ex: in Denmark, employees don't like org or boss to have power and tell them what to do Individualism-employees put loyalty to themselves first and loyalty to their company and work second Masculinity and femininity- m empahsize assertivness, competition, material success. f emphasize imp. of relationships, modesty, caring for weak Uncertainty avoidance - degree of ppl in country are uncomfortable with unstructured, ambiguous, unpredictable situations. strong uncertainly avoidance like Greece, ppl tend to be aggressive and emotional and seek security rather than uncertainty Short-term/long-term orientation- whether cultures are oriented to the present and seek immediate gratification or to the future and defer gratification. Country with ST are consumer driven, LT are saving driven USA- low LT orientation, medium uncertainty avoid, high masculinity, very high individualism, med power distance

is a tactic in which an advocacy group actively tries to convince consumers not to purchase a company's product or service

Product boycott

nearly all techonolgy cycles follow the typical_____ patter of innovation

S curve

____ occurs when managers choose an alternative that is good enough, rather than the best possible alternative.

Satisficing

_______ occurs when managers choose an alternative that is good enough, rather than the best possible alternative.

Satisficing

Wainscott Finch, a Fortune 500 management consulting firm, conducts Project Management Preparatory Academies for its clients in which participants spend 70 hours learning how to create a differential competitive advantage through their employees. Why?

Satisfied employees yield satisfied customers

True

Selective perception is the tendency to notice and accept objects and information consistent with our values, beliefs, and expectations; and screen out or not accept inconsistent information. t/f

Which of the following statements about semi-autonomous work groups is true?

Semi-autonomous work groups have the authority to make decisions and solve problems related to the major tasks of producing a good or service.

wrongful discharge

Sharron Grant-Burton was a marketing director for Covenant Care, owner of skilled-nursing and assisted-living facilities. During a discussion of the fairness of the company's bonus structure with other marketing directors, Grant-Burton said she did not receive a bonus because her executive director "did not believe in them." Several days later, Grant-Burton was fired and told she had been terminated for a number of unspecified reasons, including her comments about bonuses. This is an example of a ____.

strong position power

Some employees called former General Electric, CEO Jack Welch, "Bloody Jack" because his restructuring efforts eliminated numerous jobs and product lines without thought about how individual employees were impacted. Mr. Welch was viewed as "the hatchet man," and the source of the firings. Under Fiedler's contingency theory, someone acting like Mr. Welch would be viewed as having ____.

expatriate

Someone who lives and works outside his or her native country.

Motivating with equity theory

Start by looking for and correcting major inequities, reduce employee input, and make sure decision making processes are fair (distributive justice and procedural justice)

_____developed four principles of scientific management. _____ is responsible for the fourteen principles of management. Although Taylor did some time studies, _________ and ______ are best know for time and motion studies.

Taylor; Henri Fayol; Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

true

Sometimes the costs of control exceed its benefits.

Explain the purpose of the SMART guidelines and provide an example

Specific measurable attainable realistic timely Its a way to set goals that allows you to have a high chance of success. Its a way to make a plan that works

True

Standards are a basis of comparison for measuring the extent to which various kinds of organizational performance are satisfactory or unsatisfactory. t/f

Motivating with the basics

Start by asking people what their needs are then satisfied lower needs first. Expect peoples needs to change. As needs change and lower order needs are satisfied, create opportunities for opportunities to satisfy higher order needs

____ is the ability to anticipate, envision, maintain flexibility, think strategically, and work with others to initiate change that will create a positive future for the organization.

Strategic leadership

True

Strategic leadership is defined as the ability to think strategically and create a strategic plan for an organization. t/f

Which of the following statements about what makes a successful leader is true?

Successful leaders are confident about their ability to make long-term strategic decisions even if the decisions seem risky to others.

False

Successful organizational cultures seem to be based solely upon consistency (i.e., "strength" of the organizational culture). t/f

true

Surface-level diversity refers to differences such as age, gender, race/ethnicity, and physical disabilities that are observable, typically unchangeable, and easy to measure

_____ plans are plans that specify how a company will use resources, budgets and people to accomplish specific goals within its mission.

Tactical

Motivating with expectancy theory

Systematically gather information to find out what employees want from their job. Take specific steps to link rewards to individual performance in a clear and understandable way. Empower employees to make decisions if management really wants them to believe that their hard work and effort will lead to good performance

The fastest-growing racial group in the United States is Hispanics.

TRUE

trait

The "great person" theory is another name for the ____ theory of leadership.

forces managers at each level of the company to set specific goals and measure performance in each of four areas

The Balanced Scorecard approach to control ____.

True

The Balanced Scorecard approach to control emphasizes measurement of organizational performance in three equally important areas. These areas are finances, internal operations, and innovation and learning. t/f

True

The Balanced Scorecard approach to control emphasizes measurements of organizational performance in three equally important areas. These areas are finances, internal operations, and innovation and learning. t/f

false

The Big Five dimension of conscientiousness is the degree to which someone is cooperative, polite, flexible, forgiving, good-natured, tolerant, and trusting.

False

The Big Five dimensions of personality are autonomy, Machiavellianism, empathy, locus of control, and affectivity.

false

The European Union is moving toward a requirement that consumers rather than businesses be held responsible for recycling the products that companies manufacture.

True

The Hawthorne Studies proved that financial incentives were not necessarily the most important motivator for workers. t/f

structured

The ____ interview uses only standardized, job-related interview questions that are prepared ahead of time and asked of all candidates

create a positive image of the future

The author of The Science of Good and Evil describes his meeting with the founders of Google in the book. He described them as visionary leaders, which means their primary goal for being in business is to ____.

false

The basic components of equity theory are outcomes, instrumentality, and valence.

the establishment of clear standards of performance

The basic control process of business begins with ____.

True

The categories of social responsibility for a company are economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary. t/f

punishment

The city of Cairo has the world's greatest collection of Islamic buildings and statues. It would seem an ideal location for Muslim tourists, but unfortunately preservation activities have been inadequate and often more destructive than constructive. Imagine the Egyptian government is instituting a marketing campaign to motivate tourists to spend their vacation dollars in Cairo. Imagine tourists visiting Cairo and being motivated never to visit there again due to the fact that every old building they saw seemed more likely to cave in than the last one they had seen. In terms of motivational theory, ____ would have occurred.

True

The control process begins when managers set goals. t/f

McClelland predictions of need theories

The degree to which particular needs motivate varies from person to person

false

The hostile work environment form of sexual harassment occurs when employment outcomes such as hiring, promotion, or simply keeping one's job depend on whether an individual submits to being sexually harassed

false

The hostile work environment form of sexual harassment occurs when employment outcomes such as hiring, promotion, or simply keeping one's job depend on whether an individual submits to being sexually harassed.

Which of the following would suggest a team should not be used in the work setting?

The job can be done by individuals working interdependently Work performance can be rewarded for group effort Correct Resources are scarce*** Management does not control how work is done

False

The job of team leader would NOT be considered a management position. t/f

False

The key idea of reengineering an organization is that the company's structure and processes are out of focus so to speak and in need of finetuning. t/f

false

The learning and effectiveness paradigm for managing diversity focuses on the acceptance and celebration of differences; so that the diversity within the company matches the diversity found among primary stakeholders such as customers, suppliers, and local communities.

true

The objective control approach to managerial control manifests itself as either behavior control or output control.

False

The only dimension needed to measure quality is conformance to expectations. t/f

achievement

The owner of a small local chain of retail stores that target affluent women and carry eclectic lines of wrapping paper, stationery, invitations, and gifts has expressed a strong need to expand nationwide. According to McClelland's Learned Needs Theory, the owner has a need for ____.

True

The phase model of globalization means that companies made the transition from a domestic company to a global company in three sequential phases. The three phases are exporting, followed by wholly owned subsidiaries, and finishing with strategic alliances. t/f

Needs

The physical or psychological requirements that must be met to ensure survival and well being

False

The same techniques for managing innovation work equally as well after technological discontinuities as during periods of incremental change. t/f

True

The self-serving bias is the tendency to overestimate our value by attributing successes to ourselves (internal causes) and attributing failures to others or the environment (external causes). t/f

motivation

The set of forces that initiates, directs, and makes people persist in their efforts to accomplish a goal.

National culture

The set of shared values and beliefs that affects the perceptions, decisions, and behavior of the people from a particular country. 1st step is to realize there are meaningful differences

(Tu) Encoding is

The source of information Correct translating thoughts or feelings into a medium that conveys the meaning intended*** the transfer of information and understanding from one person to another through meaningful symbols translating encoded messages into a form that has meaning to the receiver

Organizational Structure

The vertical and horizontal configuration of departments, authority, and jobs within a company.

assistive technology

The world's biggest manufacturer of locks is part of a national program in which employers are encouraging workers to continue working as long as they are physically able. To help its aging workers, the lock maker has provided them with magnifying lenses that give them the vision acuity they need to work on the small parts within a lock. These lenses are an example of ____.

False: Spokesperson is an informational role.

There are four decisional roles. They are entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and spokesperson. t/f

true

There is no such thing as a "best" leadership style for all situations and employees.

When managers give developmental feedback, they're acting as coaches, but when they give administrative feedback, they're acting as judges.

These roles, coaches and judges, are clearly incompatible. As coaches, managers are encouraging, pointing out opportunities for growth and improvement, and employees are typically open and receptive to feedback. But as judges, managers are evaluative, and employees are typically defensive and closed to feedback.

Some individuals may leave a team because

They are looking for a place where they receive more individual credit They do not have compatible skills with other team members Their values do not fit with the work team concept Correct All of these are correct***

Cohesive teams are more likely than less cohesiver teams to achieve assigned team goals, only if

They are used to working together They are more motivated Correct Their team goals are compatible with the goals assigned by the organization*** None of these are correct

Functional departmentalization organizes work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions or areas of expertise.

True

Human resource management (HRM) is the process of finding, developing, and keeping the right people for the company.

True

Human resource management (HRM) is the process of finding, developing, and keeping the right people to form a qualified work force.

True

ensure that younger and older workers interact with each other

To help companies reduce age discrimination, their managers can ____.

survey employees about their perceptions and satisfaction

To make sure that people of all racial and ethnic backgrounds have the same opportunities, companies should ____.

do all of these

To make sure that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as everyone else, organizations can ____.

make a commitment to reasonable workplace accommodations

To make sure that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as everyone else, organizations can ____.

Before firing employees, managers should give them a chance to improve

To minimize the problems inherent in firing employees, managers should do which of the following?

_____ is responsible for developing strategic plans

Top management

reward followers for good behavior and punish followers for poor behavior

Transactional leaders ____.

____ generates awareness and acceptance of a group's purpose and mission and gets employees to see beyond their own needs and self-interest for the good of the group.

Transformational leadership

If an HR manager were allowed to use just one selection test, cognitive ability tests would be the one to use.

True

A creative work environment requires organizational encouragement and supervisory encouragement as well as work group encouragement.

True

According to the principles of scientific management, work and responsibility for the work, should be divided equally between workers and management.

True

An intrinsic reward is a reward associated with preforming a task or activity for its own sake.

True

Autonomy is the degree to which workers have the discretion, freedom, and independence to decide how and when to accomplish their jobs.

True

Background checks can be used to verify the truthfulness and accuracy of information that applicants provide about themselves.

True

Both proximal and distal goals are used to provide additional motivation and rewards for employees.

True

Business confidence indices are a viable alternative to economic statistics for management decisions.

True

Changes in any sector of the general environment eventually affect most organizations.

True

Character of rivalry is a measure of the intensity of competitive behavior between companies in an industry.

True

Cognitive conflict is strongly associated with improvements in team performance, and affective conflict is strongly associated with decreases in team performance.

True

Companies are making greater use of teams because teams have been shown to increase (1) customer satisfaction, (2) product and service quality, (3) speed and efficiency in product development, and (4) employee job satisfaction.

True

Companies look for a total of four sets of skills in individuals to identify potential managers. These desired skills are technical skills, human skills, conceptual skills, and motivation to manage.

True

Companies that plan have larger profits and faster growth than companies that don't.

True

Companies that want to sustain a competitive advantage must understand and protect themselves from the strategic threats of innovation.

True

Conflicts and disagreements often characterize the second stage of team development, which is called storming.

True

Consideration leader behavior has also been referred to as "concern for people" and "employee-centered leadership."

True

Cross-functional teams are purposefully composed of employees from different functional areas of the organization.

True

Deciding where to "go global" is just as important as deciding how your company will go global.

True

Declaring victory too soon is one of the mistakes managers often make in the refreezing stage of change.

True

Dominant designs emerge because they solve a practical problem, are a result of the negotiations of independent standards bodies, or because of critical mass.

True

Encouraging worker participation in goal setting, making goals public, and getting top management's support are all recommended ways to increase goal commitment to a company.

True

External environments are the forces and events outside a company that have the potential to influence or affect it.

True

First-line managers are the only managers who do not supervise other managers.

True

For goal-setting theory to motivate employees, managers must provide frequent, specific, performance-related feedback.

True

For punishment to work, the punishment must be strong enough to stop the undesired behavior, and must be administered objectively, impersonally, consistently and contingently, and quickly.

True

Frequent, informal meetings between top managers and lower-level employees are one of the best ways for top managers to hear what others feel and think.

True

effective delegation

Trust your staff to be a good job Avoid seeing perfection Give effective job instructions Know your true interests Follow up on progress. Praise the efforts of your staff. Don't wait to the last minute to delegate. Ask questions, expect answers, assist employees. Provide the resources you would provide if doing the assignment yourself. Delegate to the lowest possible level.

False

Typical titles used for top managers are general manager, plant manager, regional manager, and divisional manager. t/f

transformational

UPS was founded UPS in 1907 as a message delivery business. The development of the telephone would have put an end to the business if UPS's founder had not been a ____ type of leader. One who was able to get his employees to accomplish more than they had thought possible and re-invent the company as a company that delivered goods for retailers

Starbucks, the operator of Starbucks coffehouses, also markets a line of compilation CDS under the brand name hear music, The making and marketing of these CDs would be an example of

Unrelated diversification

A basic model of work motivation and performance

Unsatisfied need lead to tension intention leads to energized to take action which leads to effort initiation direction and persistence which leads to performance which leads to satisfaction and goes back to an unsatisfied need

Adding equity theory to the model

Unsatisfied needs leads attention which leads to energized to take action which leads to restoring equity which leads to effort which leads to performance intrinsic rewards satisfaction extrinsic rewards and perceived equity

directive

Under the leadership of Michael Eisner, The Walt Disney Company developed an "executive-centric, Eisner-centric culture"—whatever Eisner wanted to happen, he made happen. In terms of the path-goal theory, Eisner used a(n) ____ leadership style to improve Disney's profitability

Forms of inequity

Underreward and over reward

The three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin are

Unfreezing, change intervention and refreezing

is done voluntarily

Unilever has operations in 150 countries. Recently, Unilever took 100 of these top managers on a jungle retreat to Costa Rica. To the dismay of Unilever's chair, there were no women in the group. Upon investigation, he learned that only one woman had even been invited. As the retreat progressed, its participants commented on the richness of diversity in nature and how everything needs diversity to grow. These comments caused Unilever's chair to establish an executive committee to examine practical ways to overcome barriers to women's promotion. They decided to avoid setting numerical targets because they encourage positive discrimination and instead examined recruitment and promotion practices. Refer to Unilever. This is an example of a diversity program because it ____.

A team that has members drawn from different functional areas of the organization is called a

Virtual team Project team Self-managing team Correct Cross-functional team***

A ____ is a statement of a company's purpose or reason for existing

Vision

____ is leadership that creates a positive image of the future that motivates organizational members and provides direction for future planning and goal setting.

Visionary leadership

contingency

W. L. Gore is the company that created Gore-Tex among many other innovative products. W.L.Gore employees (known as associates) don't have titles or bosses in the traditional sense. Instead, associates make commitments to work on projects that they believe are most worthy of their time. At W.L. Gore, few leaders are appointed; leaders simply emerge as needed by the other employees or the project itself. The Gore company more than likely adheres to the ____ theory of leadership.

the trade agreement that represented the most signicant change to the regulations governing global trade during the 1990s was the___

WTO

supplants the sole emphasis on activity with a laser-like focus on quickly measuring and improving results; managers introduce changes in procedures, philosophy, or behavior only if they are likely to improve measured performance; & quick, visible improvements motivate employees to continue to make additional changes to improve measured performance

What are the 3 advantages of results-driven change?

speed, lower costs, incremental improvements in performance of dominant design

What are the 3 goals of the compression approach?

speed, performance improvements, & new dominant design

What are the 3 goals of the experimental approach?

create a diversity program

What action can a medium-sized manufacturing company take if it wants to create a positive work environment; where every employee does his or her best work and individual differences are respected and not just ignored?

generational change

What allows the old and newer versions of the same technological design to coexist in the marketplace?

compression approach to innovation

What approach assumes that innovation is a predictable process that can be planned in steps?

experiential approach

What approach can be used during times of discontinuous change?

compression approach

What approach can be used during times of incremental change?

Compression approach

What approach is used when there is a dominant design?

not establishing a great enough sense of energy & not creating a powerful enough guiding coalition

What are 2 errors made when unfreezing?

self-interest, misunderstanding and distrust, and a general intolerance for change

What are 3 things that cause resistance?

lacking of vision, undercommunicating the vision by a factor of 10, not removing obstacles to the new vision, & not systematically planning for and creating short-term wins

What are 4 errors made when in the change step of managing resistance to change?

declaring a victory too soon & not anchoring changes in the corporation's culture

What are the 2 errors made when refreezing?

intuition, flexible options, & hands-on experience

What are the 3 keys to product innovation?

Finding the best climate

When going global, companies try to find countries or regions with promising business climates. An attractive global business climate positions the company for easy access to growing markets, is an effective but cost-efficient place to build an office or manufacturing site, and minimizes the political risk to the company. -access to growing market -location to build -min political risk

True

When self-control is used, leaders and managers provide workers with clear boundaries within which they may guide and control their own goals and behaviors. t/f

Underreward

When you are getting fewer outcomes relative to your inputs than the referent

Overreward

When you are getting more outcomes relative to your inputs than the referent

transactional leadership

Which leadership style would be most likely to rely on positive and negative reinforcement?

hierarchical pay

Which of the following is NOT an example of a pay-variability decision used to motivate employee performance?

policies and procedures prespective

Which of the following is NOT one of the four perspectives measured in the Balanced Scorecard approach to control?

work sample tests

Which of the following is a direct (rather than indirect) measure of job applicants' capability to do the job?

defamation lawsuits

Which of the following is a legal problem employers may encounter in seeking, providing, or using employment references as part of the selection process?

negative reinforcement

Which of the following is also called avoidance learning?

task structure

Which of the following is an example of an environmental contingency in path-goal theory?

career paths

Which of the following is an internal recruiting method?

concern for production

Which of the following is another term for initiating structure leadership behavior?

emotional stability

Which of the following is one of the Big Five personality dimensions?

All of these are recommended steps to take to reduce the risks associated with unethical charismatics

Which of the following is one of the steps recommended for companies to take to reduce the risks associated with unethical charismatic leaders?

the access and legitimace paradigm

Which of the following paradigms for managing diversity is similar to the business growth advantage of diversity?

the access and legitimacy paradigm

Which of the following paradigms for managing diversity is similar to the business growth advantage of diversity?

the learning and effectiveness paradigm

Which of the following paradigms for managing diversity not only takes into account surface-level diversity but also focuses on integrating deep-level diversity differences such as personality, attitudes, beliefs, and values into the actual work of the organization?

outplacement centers

Which of the following provides employment counseling services for employees faced with downsizing?

The Internet allows companies to quickly reach large numbers of people

Which of the following statements about Internet recruiting is true?

Global New Ventures

With sales, employees, and financing in different countries, global new ventures are new companies founded with an active global strategy. -Although there are several kinds of global new ventures, all share two common factors. First, the company founders successfully develop and communicate the company's global vision. Second, rather than going global one country at a time, new global ventures bring a product or service to market in several foreign markets at the same time.

True

Within the path-goal model, the achievement-oriented and participative leadership styles directly parallel the key leadership behaviors of initiating structure and consideration, respectively.

creative work environments

Workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are encouraged

The trade agreement that represented the most significant change to the regulations governing global trade during the 1990s was the ____.

World Trade Organization

job specification

Zachary Schneider saw a sign in the window of an Amy's Ice Creams franchise operation. The sign said the company was looking for new employees. When he went in to ask for a job application, he was given a paper bag and told to do "something creative with it." The test was to see whether the job applicant was suited to carrying out the chain's mission: "To make people's day." This type of pre-employment assessment is not unusual. Gourmet grocery chain Central Market uses a four-page application form which includes essay questions such as "Tell us about your favorite food experience." If it seems an applicant is a good match for the company, he or she is asked to make a statement about himself or herself using items found in the grocery store and to participate with other applicants in a roundtable discussion. Refer to Trends in Hiring Practices. The need for creative skills in order to work at Amy's would be listed as a ____ that the company's HR department would have developed for franchisees.

__________ control regulates workers' performances on the job, while __________ control measures the results of their efforts.

a. Behavior; output

Product Adv & Dis

adv: -Managers specialize, but have broader experiences -Easier to assess work-unit performance -Decision-making is faster Dis: -Duplication of activities -Difficult to coordinate across departments One of the advantages of product departmentalization is that, like functional departmentalization, it allows managers and workers to specialize in one area of expertise. However, unlike the narrow expertise and experiences in functional departmentalization, managers and workers develop a broader set of experiences and expertise related to an entire product line. Likewise, product departmentalization makes it easier for top managers to assess work-unit performance. Finally, because managers and workers are responsible for the entire product line rather than for separate functional departments, decision-making should be faster, because there are fewer conflicts (compared to functional departmentalization). The primary disadvantage of product departmentalization is duplication. For example, you can see in Figure 9.4 that the Otis Elevators and Pratt & Whitney Divisions both have duplication of departments, such as customer service, engineering, human resource, etc. Duplication like this often results in higher costs. A second disadvantage is that it can be difficult to achieve coordination across the different product departments. For example, United Technologies would probably have difficulty standardizing its policies and procedures in product departments as different as the Carrier and Sikorsky divisions.

wholly owned adv: & dis:

adv: Parent company receives all of the profits and has complete control dis: Expense of building new operationsor buying existing business Losses can be immense if the venture fails

______ is unintentional discrimination in which there is a substantially different rate of selection in hiring, promotion, or other employment decisions that works to the disadvantage of members of a particular race, sex, age, ethnicity, or protected group

adverse impact

is unintentional discrimination in which there is a substantially different rate of selection in hiring, promotion, or other employment decisions that works to the disadvantage of members of a particular race, sex, age, ethnicity, or protected group.

adverse impact

Four-fifths rule

adverse impact occurs if the decision rate for a protected group of people is less than 80% of the decision rate for a nonprotected group.

Before beginning to recruit, organizations must ____.

advertise for job candidates create a job description Correct conduct a job analysis*** create a job specification match salaries to industry averages

which of the following is an external recruiting method

advertising

the purposeful step taken by an organization to create employment opportunities for minorities and women is called _____.

affirmative action

the purposeful steps taken by an organization to create employment opportunities for minorities and women is called:

affirmative action

Unlike ____, which punishes companies for not achieving specific gender and race differences in their work forces, ____ programs seek to benefit both organizations and their employees by encouraging organizations to value all kinds of differences.

affirmative action; diversity

unlike ____, which punishes companies for not achieving specific gender and race differences in their work forces, ____ programs seek to benefit both organizations and their employees by encouraging organizations to value all kinds of differences

affirmative action; diversity

______ is the tendency to fill in gaps of missing info by assuming that what we don't know is consistent with what we already know

closure

is the tendency to fill in gaps of missing information by assuming that what we don't know is consistent with what we already know.

closure

the two primary types of grapevine communications networks are

cluster and gossip

______ is a kind of one-on-one communication used by managers to improve an employee's on the job performance or behavior

coaching

is a kind of one-on-one communication used by managers to improve an employee's on-the-job performance or behavior.

coaching

Which of the following methods for managing resistance tho change should only be used as a last resort or under crisis conditions

coercion

which of the following methods for managing resistance to change should only be used as a last resort or under crisis conditions

coercion

According to the text, if an employer were to use only one type of selection test, ____ would be the one to use.

cognitive ability tests

Which of the following types of tests accurately predicts job performance in almost all kinds of jobs?

cognitive ability tests

which of the following types of tests accurately predicts job performance in almost all kinds of jobs

cognitive ability tests

which of the following types of conflict is most strongly associated with improvements in team performance

cognitive conflict

how would you respond to the following statement? "Group conflict is always bad."

cognitive conflict is strongly associated with improvements in team performance

_____ is the extent to which team members are attracted to a team and motivated to remain with it.

cohesiveness

___is the extent to which team members are attracted to a team and motivated to remain in it

cohesiveness

is the extent to which team members are attracted to a team and motivated to remain with it

cohesiveness

Franchise

collection of networked firms in which the manufacturer or marketer of a product or service, the franchisor, licenses the entire business to another person or organization, the franchisee. largest franchise in world is McDonalds adv: fast way into market, gives franchisor add cash flows from franchisee fees and royalties, franchising can be a good strategy when a company domestic sales have slowed dis: loss of control when they sell businesses to franchisees who are miles away, franchisee could be shortening the cash register, also culture differences ( ex: Chinese didnt like subway b/c tuna didnt have tail on it) Franchise- u have to cook it a certain way, still have rules. Have to manage what ppl do with it

Strategic alliances and Joint Venture

combine key resources, costs, risks, technology, and people. The most common strategic alliance is a joint venture, which occurs when two existing companies collaborate to form a third company. The two founding companies remain intact and unchanged, except that, together, they now own the newly created joint venture adv: avoid tariff and nontariff barriers, bear only part of the cost and risk dis: share profit , diff b/c merging of diff cultures

redesigning tasks

combining tasks, forming natural work units, establishing client reslationships, vertically loading the job, opening feedback channels on the JCM

(Tu) The use of coercive power by a manager is likely to be met by

commitment compliance Correct resistance*** all of the above

Referent and Expert power

commitment response from followers. followers are enthusiastic and motivated to meet leader's requests

In a(n) ____, managers from different parts of the matrix report to matrix managers who help them sort out problems and conflicts.

complex matrix

Virtual organization

companies share skills, costs, capabilities, markets, and customers with each other -99% of org. is outsourced, u dont do ur own purchasing, advertising, product design etc. ex: nike.. they dont own any factories or do their own advertising etc. - unlike modular, in which outside org are tightly linked to one central company, virtual work with some companies in the network alliances, but now with all. like potluck dinner, bring finest food dish but eat only what they want - modular tend to be stable and longer lasting than virtual

Local Adaptation

company policy to modify its standard operating procedures to adapt to differences in foreign customers, governments, and regulatory agencies. Local adaptation is typically more important to local managers who are charged with making the international business successful in their countries.

Employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs)

compensate employees by awarding them shares of company stock in addition to their regular compensation

affirmative action programs are typically designed to _____

compensate for past discrimination

affirmative action programs are typically designed to:

compensate for past discrimination

The term ____ refers to both the financial and nonfinancial rewards organizations give employees in exchange for their work.

compensation

The term ______ refers to both the financial and nonfinancial rewards organizations give employees in exchange for their work.

compensation

the term _____ refers to both the financial and nonfinancial rewards organizations give employees in exchange for their work.

compensation

The highly fragmented chemical industry in Europe has experienced decreasing profits in an industry reluctance to change the way it conducts business, especially in how it competes against lower-priced U.S. imports. This is an example of ____.

competitive inertia

an organization is experiencing ____ when it is reluctant to change strategies or competitive practices that have been successful in the past

competitive inertia

an organizations is experencing____ when it is reluctant to change strategies

competitive intertia

Which of the following size teams usually provides the best performance?

e. 6 to 9

How would you respond to the following statement? "Group conflict is always bad."

e. Cognitive conflict is strongly associated with improvements in team performance.

__________ is the loss of high-performing employees who voluntarily choose to leave a company.

e. Dysfunctional turnover

__________ is the withholding of information about organizational problems or issues by employees.

e. Organizational silence

To properly secure data and data networks, a manager should use:

e. all of these

To which of the following aspects of the human resource management process does federal employment law apply?

e. all of these

Unsupervised data mining is particularly good at identifying:

e. all of these

Two critical steps are required to make sure that data can be accessed by authorized users and no one else. They are:

e. authentication and authorization

Which of the following is an example of a subjective performance measure?

e. behavioral observation scales

Which of the following is NOT one of the four leadership styles identified in the path-goal theory of leadership?

e. charismatic

A key difference between affirmative action and diversity is that:

e. diversity has a broader focus

Which of the following types of operations are most dependent on the accuracy of sales forecasts?

e. make-to-stock operations

Which of the following is the best leadership style for all situations?

e. none of these

Which of the following kinds of team is defined as a permanent part of the organization's structure?

e. none of these

Data mining is the:

e. process of discovering unknown patterns and relationships in large amounts of data

According to the expectancy theory, __________ affect the conscious choices that people make about their motivation.

e. valence, expectancy, and instrumentality

pooled interdepence

each job or deparment independentlycontributes to the whole

A country or region that has an attractive business climate for companies that want to go global has found an ____.

easy access to growing markets

historically, ____ responsibility means making a profit by producing a product valued by society. It has been the most basic social responsibility of a business

economic

______ is the extent to which people consciously understand and agree to goals

goal acceptance

Goal acceptance is most similar to the idea of ____

goal commitment

______ says that people will be motivated to the extent to which they accept specific, challenging goals and receive feedback that indicates their progress toward goal achievement

goal-setting theory

process modification, material/product substitution, and ______ are the three strategies used for waste prevention and reduction

good housekeeping

which of the following statements comparing goods and services is true?

goods can be collected and stored but services are perishable and unstorable

the two major approcahes to coporate level strategy are____

grand strategies and portfolio strategies

The two major approaches to corporate-level strategy are _____

grand strategies and portfolio strategy

Trends in Hiring Practices Zachary Schneider saw a sign in the window of an Amy's Ice Creams franchise operation. The sign said the company was looking for new employees. When he went in to ask for a job application, he was given a paper bag and told to do "something creative with it." The test was to see whether the job applicant was suited to carrying out the chain's mission: "To make people's day." This type of pre-employment assessment is not unusual. Gourmet grocery chain Central Market uses a four-page application form which includes essay questions such as "Tell us about your favorite food experience." If it seems an applicant is a good match for the company, he or she is asked to make a statement about himself or herself using items found in the grocery store and to participate with other applicants in a roundtable discussion. Refer to Trends in Hiring Practices. The need for creative skills in order to work at Amy's would be listed as a ____ that the company's HR department would have developed for franchisees.

job specification

two of the most important results of a job analysis are____

job specification and job description

help companies meet the legal requirement that their human resource decisions be job related

job specifications, job analyses, and job descriptions

A ____ is a strategic alliance in which two existing companies collaborate to form a third, independent company.

joint venture

In Canada, two automobile companies have entered into a ____ ____to create CAMI Automotive. One firm's management runs the plant, which makes the other's cars. The agreement gives one access to the other's dealers to sell its brand of vehicles.

joint venture

which of the following is not a step in the management by objectives (MBO) process

jointly develop operational plans

Feedback is more likely to be destructive than constructive when it is ______.

judgmental

during a job interview, interviewers can use their knowledge of face and body movements to determine when interviewees are telling the truth. This knowledge is called

kinesics

situational leadership

leader's task and relationship are based on the readiness level of followers. task behaviors involve use of one-way communication to tell followers what to do and when and how to do it. relationship behaviors involve use of two-way communication, encouragement, and involvement of followers in decision making. as a follower's readiness increases from the minimum to higher level, the leader should use less task and more relationship behavior

matching leader's style with the soloing situational demands

leader-member relations: degree of leader acceptance task structure: degree to which job is routine or structured leader position power: extent of power

____is the process of influencing others to achieve group or organizational goals.

leadership

True

leadership is the process of influencing others to achieve group or organizational goals. t/f

Malcolm Thompson was brought in as the CEO of Novalux, a company involved in laser research, to save the company's promise of innovation. It's what he loves: turning ideas into companies, then shaping those businesses to meet evolving challenges. "You're never done," he says. "It always looks like you're near the finish line, but there are always new opportunities along the road—and new obstacles you'd never thought of. That's part of the exploration—constantly looking at the next problem and the next solution." Apparently, Thompson is an example of a(n) ____.

leadership substitute trait leader leadership neutralizer Correct visionary leader*** transactional leader

Decentralization ____.

leads to faster decision making and more satisfied customers and employees

decentralization

leads to faster decision making and more satisfied customers and employees

Bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ)

legal to hire someone on basis of sex, religion or national origin when it is reasonably necessary to the normal operation of that particular business

what type of error did the manager use when she rated all of her subordinates as above-average in all performance areas?

leniency error

situational: delegating

letting followers and teams make and implement decisions task behavior low relationship behavior low readiness level of followers high (experienced/mature)

The marketing manager of Interstate Bakeries was asked to meet with the organization's research and development department(s) to explain why the company needed to change its 25-year-old package design for Twinkies. The marketing manager took on an interpersonal role as:

liaison

Sodima is a French cooperative that owns the name, the trade secrets, and the patents on Yoplait yogurt. General Mills pays Sodima for the right to sell Yoplait yogurt in the United States. This is an example of ____.

licensing

in terms of the chain-of-command, _____ authority is the right to command immediate subordinates, while ____ authority is the right to advise but not command others who are not subordinates

line; staff

Which of the following approaches tends to be most important to making an international business successful in any given country?

local adaptation

Functional turnover

loss of poor-performing employees who choose to leave the organization

Currently the U.S. Olympic Committee (USOC) pays Olympic athletes $25,000 for each gold medal, $15,000 for a silver medal, and $10,000 for a bronze medal. Since 1960, the Paralympics for disabled athletes has been an integral part of the Olympic Games, yet the USOC pays disabled athletes only 10 percent of what the Olympic athletes are paid, and Paralympic athletes are not allowed to participate in opening ceremonies. For disabled athletes who believe their efforts will not be fairly rewarded, the motivation to win a Paralympics medal would have a(n) ____.

low valence

a glass of water and shelter from a snowstorm would be examples of _____, and a gold necklace and tickets to see professional wrestling would not be

low-order needs

developing operations plans

lower-level managers

Nontariff barriers

non-tax method of increasing cost or reducing volume of import goods 5 types: quotas-specific limits on the number or volume of imported products voluntary export restraints-are similar to quotas in that there is a limit on how much of a product can be imported annually. The difference is that the exporting country rather than the importing country imposes the limit. However, the "voluntary" offer to limit imports usually occurs because of the implicit threat of forced trade quotas by the importing country ex: to protect south africa textile manuf. from cheap chinese textile, south african gov. convinced china to "voluntary" restrict textiles government import standards-est. to protect health and safety of citizens, stds are often used to restrict or ban imported goods government subsidies-as long-term, low-interest loans, cash grants, and tax deferments, to develop and protect companies in special industries. European and Japanese governments have invested billions of dollars to develop airplane manufacturers and steel companies, while the U.S. government has provided subsidies for manufacturers of computer chips. Not surprisingly, businesses complain about unfair trade practices when other companies receive government subsidies. customs valuation/classification-cutoms agents decide which categories they should classify a product, Imp bc classification assigned to imported products by government officials that affects the size of a tariff and the imposition of import goods.

All global new ventures share two common factors. One is the bringing of a good or service to several different foreign markets at the same time. The other is ____.

none of these

Which of the following is the best leadership style for all situations?

none of these

which of the following is the best leadership style for all situations?

none of these (Chapter 14)

which of the following is NOT a kind of inventory a manufacturer would keep in stock?

nonrenewable materials

The Japanese government has proclaimed that its snow is different from that found in any other region of the world. As a result, all snow skis marketed in Japan must be manufactured in Japan. This is an example of a(n) ____.

nontariff barrier

Kinesics and paralanguage two kinds of ____

nonverbal communication

A group of workers in a medical examiner's office decided that they would not wear blue jeans to work because such casual wear seemed unprofessional. This informal agreement was made even though the office did not have a dress code. The workers created a(n) ____.

norm

a group of workers in a medical examiner's office decided that they would not wear blue jeans to work because such casual wear seemed unprofessional. this informal agreement was made even though the office did not have a dress code. The workers created a(n) ____

norm

a group of workers in a medical examiner's office decided that they would not wear blue jeans to work because such casual wear seemed unprofessional. this informal agreement was made even through the office did not have a dress code. the workers created a

norm

______ should be used when it is difficult to create good measures of worker behavior and output when organizational culture, values and beliefs are strong

normative control

___are informally agreed-on standards that regulate team behavior

norms

technical training

provides specialized skills and knowledge training in the methods, processes, and techniques associated with the job. may include the use of manuals, class lectures, video, computerized learning programs, and demonstrations

which of the following is NOT a well-known technique for managing inventory?

progressive inventory management (PIM)

title VII of the civil rights act of 1964

prohibits discrimination based on: race, coli, religion, sex, national origin pertains to hiring and firing

Which of the following kinds of team is always temporary?

project team

the ___ is created to complete specific, one-time projects or tasks within a limited time

project team

the____is created to complete specific, one-time projects or tasks within a limited time

project team

which of the following kinds of team is always temporary

project team

powerful leaders

provide the vision, discipline, and motivation to keep innovation process focused, on time, and on target

Boeing's operation in Macon, Georgia was named one of the ten best manufacturing plants in North America by IndustryWeek magazine. The company maintains an employee involvement team to track the plant's goals and performance metrics. This team ____.

provides advice to management concerning areas that needed change or improvements

which of the following statements about social responsibility and economic performance is true

social responsibility can sometime create significant costs for a company

Tourism was not the only travel-associated industry that has been visibly hurt by what happened on 9/11. People decided to vacation at home and sales of luggage and similar travel gear decreased significantly. Sales of home swimming pools increased. This decision to stay at home reflects a change in attitudes toward the perceived safety of long-distance traveling. This is an example of a change in the ____ component of the general environment.

socio-cultural

Tourism was not the only travel-associated industry that has been visibly hurt by what happened on 9/11. People decided to vacation at home and sales of luggage and similar travel gear decreased significantly. Sales of home swimming pools increased. The decision to stay at home reflects a change in attitudes toward the perceived safety of long-distance traveling. This is an example of a change in the

sociocultural

standardization

solving problems by consistently applying the same rules, procedures, and processes

according to the text, which of the following levels produces the greatest minimization of waste?

waste prevention and reduction

Punishment

weakens behavior (i.e., decreases its frequency) by following behaviors with undesirable consequences