MGT 215 Chapter 4: Differences in Culture

The belief in the superiority of one's own culture is known as: a.ethnocentrism. b.egocentrism. c.polycentrism. d.theocentricism.

a. ethnocentrism.

The _____ dimension of Hofstede's study explores how a society deals with the fact that people are unequal in physical and intellectual capabilities. a.power distance b.individualism vs. collectivism c.uncertainty avoidance d.masculinity vs. femininity

a. power distance

Which of the following is not true regarding culture? a.Culture is static b.Culture is evolving c.It is a system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people d.It involves the knowledge and beliefs of people

a. Culture is static

During the 1960s and 1970s, class divisions in _____ raised the cost of doing business there, relative to other European countries. a.Great Britain b.Switzerland c.Norway d.Germany

a. Great Britain

Ethical systems are: a.a set of moral principles, or values, that are used to guide and shape behavior. b.shared beliefs and rituals that are concerned with the realm of the sacred. c.routine conventions of everyday life. d.social rules that govern peoples' actions toward each other.

a. a set of moral principles, or values, that are used to guide and shape behavior.

A _____ is a closed system of stratification in which social position is determined by the family into which a person is born, and change in that position is usually not possible during an individual's lifetime. a.caste system b.class system c.social system d.culture system

a. caste system

The emergence of class consciousness in Great Britain can be attributed to: a.the relative lack of class mobility. b.a high degree of social mobility. c.an extreme emphasis on individualism. d.most of the population perceiving itself to be middle class.

a. the relative lack of class mobility.

According to Islam, those who hold property are regarded as: a.trustees. b.owners. c.tenants. d.speculators.

a. trustees.

A central value of Japanese culture is the importance attached to: a.the individual. b.group membership. c.individual achievement. d.personal accomplishments.

b. group membership.

An act, as simple as shaking hands when meeting new people is an example of: a.values. b.symbolic behavior. c.mores. d.social stratification.

b. symbolic behavior.

According to sociologists, which of the following branches of Christianity has the most important economic implications? a.Catholic b.Orthodox c.Protestant d.Mormon

c. Protestant

Which of the following refers to the extent to which individuals can move out of the strata into which they are born? a.Caste stratification b.Class system c.Social mobility d.Individual potential

c. Social mobility

The emphasis on individualism in the United States results in all of the following disadvantages except: a.managers tend to develop good general skills but lack the company-specific experience. b.difficulty in building teams within an organization to perform collective tasks. c.executives are not exposed to different ways of doing business. d.difficulty to achieve cooperation both within a company and between companies.

c. executives are not exposed to different ways of doing business.

The social organization of Western society tends to emphasize on: a.a group orientation. b.the family. c.individual achievement. d.work groups.

c. individual achievement.

This is a less rigid form of social stratification in which social mobility is possible. a.Social system b.Caste system c.Cultural system d.Class system

d. Class system

The system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living best defines: a.society. b.value systems. c.principles. d.culture.

d. culture.

The individualism vs. collectivism dimension of Hofstede's study explored: a.the extent to which different cultures socialized their members into accepting ambiguous situations and tolerating uncertainty. b.the relationship between gender and work roles. c.how a society deals with the fact that people are unequal in physical and intellectual capabilities. d.the relationship between the individual and his/her fellows.

d. the relationship between the individual and his/her fellows.

_____ are social conventions concerning things such as the appropriate dress code in a particular situation, good social manners, eating with the correct utensils, neighborly behavior, and the like. a.Values b.Beliefs c.Mores d.Folkways

d. Folkways

According to Max Weber: a.principles embedded in Hinduism encourage high levels of entrepreneurial activity. b.Hindu values emphasize that individuals should be judged by their material achievements. c.pursuit of material well-being makes the attainment of nirvana easier. d.devout Hindus would be less likely to engage in entrepreneurial activity than devout Protestants.

d. devout Hindus would be less likely to engage in entrepreneurial activity than devout Protestants.