MGT 302: Chapter 4

What is considered appropriate personal space when conducting business in the United States?

5-8 feet

Which statement BEST reflects the implications of cultural differences for business?

A company may need to vary management processes by country as a result of local cultural differences.

Which of the following is part of the "hidden curriculum" of schools? (Check all that apply.)

Being on time, obedience to authority, and respect for others

What are three benefits of learning the native language when conducting international business?

Businesses may prevent major blunders through improper translation, people like yo speak in their own language, and you can build rapport more easily

_____ is important because managers need to have a deep understanding of the prevailing culture in those areas in which they do business.

Cross-cultural literacy

Which language is most prominent in terms of international business?

English

_____ is judging another's culture solely by the values and standards of one's own culture.

Ethnocentrism

What are two criticisms of Hofstede's work?

Hofstede assumed a one-to-one correspondence between culture and nation and Hofstede's research was culturally bound

What directs the attention of a society to specific components of the world and structures how people perceive them?

Language

Which of the following are emphasized by Japanese businesses? (Check all that apply.)

Loyalty, honesty, and education

_____ supply the standards and models for acceptable behavior in a society.

Norms

The WVS includes which of the following dimensions? (Check all that apply.)

Support for democracy, support for gender equality, and impact for globalization

There is a connection between culture and competitive advantage. What are two reasons why this connection is important?

The connection suggests which countries might produce the most viable competitors and this connection can affect the choice of countries to do business in and locate production facilities in

In Japanese society today, it is common for a person's social status to be associated with his or her

business.

The _____ system is a less rigid form of social stratification than the _____ system.

class; caste

Class _____ is an awareness of one's social or economic rank in society.

consciousness

Understanding how cultural differences across and within nations affect the way businesses is practiced is known as _____ literacy.

cross-cultural

Fifty years ago, it was not widely accepted that a woman could hold a senior management position. Of course, today this is a common reality. This demonstrates how _____ can change over time.

culture

Hofstede studied how _____ relates to values in the workplace.

culture

When a company with branches in Japan and the United States changes its performance appraisal system to reflect the fact that American managers are more individualistic as compared to their more group-oriented Japanese counterparts, the company is recognizing the need to very company processes and practices based on how _____ affects work-related values.

culture

Culture can best be described as a _____ phenomenon.

dynamic

As opposed to what Max Weber originally argued, the caste system has NOT held back the _____ in India.

entrepreneurial activity

When the new neighbors moved in, Naghma told her family it would be appropriate for them to make a batch of cookies and take them over to the neighbors and introduce themselves. This social convention is an example of a(n) _____.

folkway

Drivers who live in cities often do not acknowledge other drivers without cause, while in more rural areas, drivers will often give each other a quick wave. These routines are examples of

folkways.

A(n) _____ consists of at least two individuals who have a shared sense of identity and interact in structured ways.

group

According to Hofstede, societies with strict codes of behavior, rules, and laws score _____ on the uncertainty avoidance index.

high

The _____ degree of social mobility in the U.S. limits the impact of class background on business operations.

high

One advantage of individualism is a(n)

high level of entrepreneurial activity.

In most Western societies the _____ is emphasized, whereas in Japan the _____ is more important.

individual; group

According to Hofstede, if the ties between people are loose, it is most likely a sign of a(n) _____ society.

individualistic

Western society values _____ over _____.

individuals; groups

A caste system is a type of social structure that divides people on the basis of _____.

inherited social status

The principles of social stratification include which three of the following?

involves beliefs as well as inequality, is generally universal, and carries over to the next generation

In Japan, most people perceive themselves to be middle class; therefore, class background has _____ impact on business operations.

less

Which of Hofstede's dimensions reflects the ability to citizens to accept delayed gratification for their material, social, and emotional need?

long-term versus short-term orientation

As the result of criticism of his original work, Hofstede went on to expand his model with the addition of which dimension?

long-term vs short-term orientation

According to Hofstede, in a _____ culture, sex roles are sharply differentiated.

masculine

In a given society, the extent to which people can move up and down the class system is known as social _____.

mobility

In business, mores have _____ significance than folkways.

much greater

There is a _____ one-to-one relationship between a society and a nation-state.

non-strict

The expectation that students shouldn't cheat on exams is an example of a

norm.

Which are three of the determinants of culture?

political philosophy, economic philosophy, and social structure

In the _____ dimension by Hofstede, it is recognized that people are not equal in physical and intellectual capabilities.

power distance

What has made a major contribution to society's emphasis on extended social groups?

social media

All societies are divided on a hierarchical basis into social categories called _____.

social strata

The _____ of a society refers to how it is organized in terms of its values, norms, and social relationships.

social structure

A(n) _____ is an organized group of people who share a common set of values and norms.

society

In historic British society, who was included in the middle class?

those who worked in professional occupations

The long-term versus short-term orientation identified by Hofstede captures people's attitudes toward _____.

time

Within a society, honesty would be considered a general _____.

value

The convergence hypothesis refers to a universal acceptance of _____ across cultures.

values and norms

What a group of people believe to be good, right, and desirable is the definition of

values.

As countries get richer, we often see a shift _____ traditional values (such as staying married and obeying one's parents) and _____ secular rational values (including abortion and divorce).

away from; toward

Which three of the following are considered positive aspects of the collectivist attitude found in the Japanese business culture?

There is strong incentive for individuals to work together for the common good, workers tend to remain at the same company for a long time--even a lifetime, and cooperation within the group is driven by the need to improve group performance

A system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living is called _____.

culture

In parts of Canada, you will find both English-speaking communities and French-speaking communities. This illustrates that language helps shape the way people perceive the world, and it also helps define _____.

culture