mgt 331 mid term study

Eric owns a manufacturing business and tend to hire young men because he believes they are better able to manage the equipment and tend to understand technology better. How is his attitude a barrier to inclusion? It represents a stereotyped belief. It reveals a perceived threat of loss. It shows he has a "like me" bias. It reflects his ethnocentrism.

It represents a stereotyped belief.

Which of the following is a characteristic of individuals who have a high need for achievement, according to the acquired needs framework? They set overly challenging goals and like to take on high risk levels. They are able to delegate in order to make the best use of their own time. They are able to work hard and then set work aside to play hard. They want immediate, specific feedback on their performance.

They want immediate, specific feedback on their performance.

T/F: A company's intranet can be effectively used within a large organization to reflect an open and positive culture and to craft the organization's image.

True

T/F: It is harder for remote workers to become familiar with an organization's culture and for the organization to reinforce its cultural values among remote workers. This creates unique opportunities and challenges for managers.

True

Scientific Management

based on the belief that productivity is maximized when organizations are rationalized with precise sets of instructions based on time-and-motion studies

Which of the following is NOT a condition of job performance? being able to do the job having the materials and information to do the job wanting to do the job being able to provide self-direction

being able to provide self-direction

Which of the following is true about global mindset? It combines cultural intelligence and a multinational business orientation. It is the ability to effectively communicate with, understand, and motivate individuals and groups. It is an inherent personality trait. It is dependent upon the number of languages an individual speaks.

It combines cultural intelligence and a multinational business orientation.

What term refers to feeling obliged to stay with an organization for moral or ethical reasons? normative commitment continuance commitment affective commitment legal commitment

normative commitment

A large organization with many layers of authority and a strong bureaucracy has allowed the culture to become one in which information is withheld and employees withdraw from conflict. What type of conflict culture exists? avoidant collaborative dominating passive-aggressive

passive-aggressive

What concept related to the Hawthorne effective is important for managers to understand. workers perform better with bright light than when lights are dim there is a direct correlation between employee job satisfaction and job performance it explains the effects of dehumanizing work environments people improve performance when they know they are being assessed

people improve performance when they know they are being assessed

Which of the following is a goal of a realistic job preview? selling a candidate on the job and the company presenting only negative information to the candidate presenting both positive and negative information to the candidate describing the job opportunity in the most positive light

presenting both positive and negative information to the candidate

Interactionalism

suggests that individuals and situations interact continuously to determine individuals' behavior

Which term refers to similarities and differences among people, including those such as race, age, ethnicity, physical abilities and characteristics, and gender? deep-level diversity separation diversity variety diversity surface-level diversity

surface-level diversity

Interpersonal Skills

the ability to effectively communicate with, understand, and motivate individuals and groups

Conceptual Skills

the ability to think in the abstract

Diagnostic Skills

the ability to understand cause-and-effect relationships and to recognize the optimal solutions to problems

Organizational Citizenship

the behavior of individuals that makes a positive overall contribution to the organization

Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic reasons for the rise in the volume of international business? a desire to keep pace with competitors gaining market share the ease with which companies can obtain financing a need to control labor costs by moving operations overseas advances in communication and transportation technologies

the ease with which companies can obtain financing

Employee Engagement

the extent to which employees clearly understand and embrace their role in an organization, consider how their work behaviors directly impact the performance of their organization, and feel personally fulfilled by their work

Organizing

the process of designing jobs, grouping jobs into units, and establishing patterns of authority between jobs and units

Planning

the process of determining an organization's desired future position and the best means of getting there

Leading

the process of getting the organization's members to work together toward the organization's goals

Controlling

the process of monitoring and correcting the actions of the organization and its members to keep them directed toward their goals

Technical Skills

the skills necessary to accomplish specific tasks within the organization

Organizational Behavior

the study of human behavior in organizational settings, the interface between human behavior and the organization, and the organization itself

Dysfunctional Behaviors

those that detract from, rather than contribute to, organizational performance

An important reason to understand learning styles is to assess who is right and who is wrong to better gain power and control to provide documentation for disciplinary action to understand how individuals learn so that training programs are effective

to understand how individuals learn so that training programs are effective

Assume a team is comprised of a marketing professional, a materials specialist, a manufacturing representative, a product safety specialist, an advertising director, and a legal advisor. What type of diversity is represented by this group? generational diversity disparity diversity variety diversity separation diversity

variety diversity

Human Relations Movement

views organizations as cooperative systems and treats workers' orientations, values, and feelings as important parts of organizational dynamics and performance

Hawthorne Effect

when people improve some aspect of their behavior or performance simply because they are being assessed

Herzberg's two-factor theory identifies motivating factors for business organizations. Which of the following is a hygiene factor that management could control so that employees aren't dissatisfied with their jobs? responsibility recognition advancement working conditions

working conditions

Employee Bob has a habit of telling jokes that are sometimes funny but too often inappropriate for the workplace. In order to get Bob to stop telling jokes, what response choice is best? positive reinforcement negative reinforcement punishment extinction

extinction

W. Edwards Deming believed removing __________ from the workplace ultimately improves performance. diversity hierarchy fear competition

fear

Creating smaller units within a larger organization can increase which of the following benefits? lower costs economies of scale flexibility coordination

flexibility

Specialization Strategy

focusing on a narrow market segment or niche and pursuing either a differentiation or cost leadership strategy within that market segment

For a multinational organization, which type of structure is best when both global integration and local responsiveness are needed? global area division global product division regional headquarters global transnational division

global transnational division

Which of the following is an early perspective on motivation that suggested fostering a false sense of employees' inclusion in decision making would boost job performance? Frederick Taylor's approach human resource approach scientific management human relations approach

human relations approach

Effective management can increase which desirable employee behavior? qualifying for year end bonuses working only on specific tasks delineated in the job description identifying with the company asking for raises

identifying with the company

Which of the following is NOT an element necessary for successful delegation? creating accountability granting authority assigning responsibility integrating opportunities

idk

The manner in which individuals organize facts and data during learning is known as _______________. sensory modality emotional intelligence information processing capacity general mental ability

information processing capacity

Organizational behavior is defined as the study of three interrelated areas one of which is the profitability and capital value of the business interface between individuals and the organization management of interpersonal conflict in the workplace maximization of an organization's human resources

interface between individuals and the organization

A high level of job satisfaction, greater task motivation, and better social integration at work all tend to be traits associated with _________. extraversion internal locus of control external locus of control introversion

internal locus of control

Roberta is a recognized expert within her industry. She is very personable and knowledgeable. She also is extremely successful getting customers to purchase accessories and warranty packages. What management skill does this ability best demonstrate? interpersonal skills diagnostic skills technical skills conceptual skills

interpersonal skills

According to equity theory, a person who feels equitably treated is motivated to change the way things are keep things as they are devote less effort to work look harder for signs of inequity

keep things as they are

According to the cognitive view, which of the following is NOT a behavior a person would adopt in order to become a conscious, active participant in their own learning? look at consequences and ignore them if necessary to be happy use past learning as a way to decide their present behavior make choices about behavior based on assessing alternatives let future choices be based on prior learning and consequences

look at consequences and ignore them if necessary to be happy

What benefits might result from effectively hiring and training new employees as well as paying higher wages? fewer employees being needed to get the job done better communication with management lower rates of employee turnover reduced emphasis on having a global mindset

lower rates of employee turnover

Lisa's small company repurposes discarded kitchen utensils into innovative gadgets. Which of the following is the most appropriate label for Lisa's company? service organization cost leader manufacturer technology leader

manufacturer

Which production technology is characterized by a tall bureaucratic structure with a large managerial span of control? custom small batch mass unit

mass

Operational Excellence

maximizing the efficiency of the manufacturing or product development process to minimize costs

Which of the following traits is NOT considered a positive in organizational settings? high conscientiousness more neurotic high agreeableness extraversion

more neurotic

What is a negative effect of workplace bullying? lower absenteeism due to fear of missing work more victims become bullies themselves decreased Machiavellianism at work more stress-related health problems for employees

more stress-related health problems for employees

T/F: Individuals learn what constitutes polite and acceptable behavior through the process of innovation.

False

Situational Perspective

suggests that in most organizations, situations and outcomes are influenced by other variables

3 primary business strategies

1. Cost Leadership 2. Differentiation 3. Specialization

The 4 Principles of Taylor's Scientific Management

1. replace rule-of-thumb work methods with methods based on scientifically studying the tasks using time-and-motion studies 2. scientifically select, train, and develop all workers rather than leaving them to passively train themselves 3. managers provide detailed instructions and supervision to workers to ensure that they are following the scientifically developed methods 4. divide work nearly equally between workers and managers. managers should apply scientific management principles to planning the work, and workers should actually perform the tasks

XYZ Corporation has a high level of employee absenteeism and turnover, especially among ethnic and religious minorities. Management is adopting new policies to communicate its values of nondiscrimination and respect for all employees. Which step would likely be most effective to establish a culture of inclusion? Communicate to employees the expectation that they need to be kind and respectful. Survey customers on social media about their perceptions of the company's organizational culture. Adjust working hours to accommodate employees' personal needs. Give all employees time off the week between Christmas and New Year's Day.

Adjust working hours to accommodate employees' personal needs.

Which of the following are reasons a manager may delegate tasks to a subordinate? The manager has too many responsibilities and needs assistance. The manager is going to be absent for an extended period of time. The subordinate has skills and abilities to do the job as well as or better than the manager. All of these may be good reasons for delegation of tasks. To provide the subordinate career growth opportunities.

All of these may be good reasons for delegation of tasks.

Which of the following statements is true about the importance of organizational culture? Culture should emphasize results and growth. Culture can give competitive advantages. A good business strategy will override corporate culture. A strong culture is always desirable.

Culture can give competitive advantages.

Which of the following is an organizational consequence of prolonged stress? People take shorter lunch breaks to compensate. People call in sick more and quit their jobs. People become more productive. People stop complaining about unimportant things.

People call in sick more and quit their jobs.

Competitive Advantage

anything that gives a firm an edge over rivals in attracting customers and defending itself against competition

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in forming equity perceptions? Form a perception of how a comparison-other is being treated. Satisfy physiological needs before growth needs. Evaluate how one is being treated by and organization. Compare one's own circumstances with those of a comparison-other.

Satisfy physiological needs before growth needs.

Which statement below demonstrates an accurate understanding of organizational culture? The best cultures are created by current employees who tell new employees how they should behave. Strong organizational cultures are not always associated with high performance. Skills and experience are much more important than how an individual fits within the organization. An individual who performs well in one organization will perform well in any organization.

Strong organizational cultures are not always associated with high performance.

Which of the following best demonstrates an effective utilization of a manager's diagnostic skills when dealing with people? Sue needs Gus and Robert to work extra hours this weekend. Since Gus likes buying new "luxury" items, she stresses the extra money he will make when asking him to work. Since Robert values being part of a team, she stresses that this will help everyone in the department if he will work the extra hours. Sue must determine whether to close Gus and Robert's department and to form a new department for innovative product line development. Sue's computer appears to have a "bug". Sue could ask Gus (an IT expert) to fix it, but fixes it herself in less time than it would take to contact Gus, have him access her computer, and diagnose the problem. Sue believes Gus is underperforming due to his sleep habits rather than his skills and job competencies. Sue changes his schedule from 7 AM - 3:30 PM and lets him work 9 AM to 5:30 PM. His performance improves.

Sue believes Gus is underperforming due to his sleep habits rather than his skills and job competencies. Sue changes his schedule from 7 AM - 3:30 PM and lets him work 9 AM to 5:30 PM. His performance improves.

Which of the following statements characterizes mechanistic organizations? They have less clear lines of authority. They have formal rules and regulations for decision making. They can respond quickly to changing market conditions. They are flexible, decentralized, and quickly adaptable.

They have formal rules and regulations for decision making.

Which of the following conditions is NOT true for virtual organizations. Companies can gain a competitive advantage from them. They can exist without a physical office. Career paths may be more challenging for virtual employees. They tend to be very simple.

They tend to be very simple.

An individual with high emotional intelligence has the ability to understand and use emotions has the ability to manage emotions in oneself and others has the ability to perceive and express emotions all of these answers are correct

all of these answers are correct

You recently purchased a cable installation company that routinely treats its residential customers poorly. You want your company to satisfy customers but is promises a certain connectivity speed that isn't realistic in most homes. It says it will send repair people within a certain time window, but when they get tied up and are running late, no one calls the customers. You hear complaints every time you answer the phone. What approach would be most likely to resolve your cognitive dissonance? You can purchase and start to use new software for scheduling repairs and calls. You can continue to believe in customer service but not make changes. You can stop answering the phone. You can quit this job and go to work in another industry.

You can purchase and start to use new software for scheduling repairs and calls.

Which of the following scenarios is an example of intrapersonal value conflict? You want a promotion, but your supervisor refuses to recognize your work and successes. You believe honesty is important, but the company you work for is avoiding paying taxes. You love spending time with family, but ambition makes you work longer hours to get a raise. You have a disagreement with your coworkers that prevents you from being productive.

You love spending time with family, but ambition makes you work longer hours to get a raise.

The knowledge workers you have hired over the past three to five years have added value to your company because of what they know. However, they present special challenges. Which of the following statements is true for you as an employer? Even without investing in updating their skills, it will take about three years to gain any competitive advantage from hiring these people. You can count on these workers to have enough pride in their output that they will seek their own continuing education to stay current in their field. You need to allow these staff members to work autonomously and to recognize that they measure their performance in comparison to others in their profession. You must create a structured chain of command for these staff members so that they can feel comfortable with the reporting relationships.

You need to allow these staff members to work autonomously and to recognize that they measure their performance in comparison to others in their profession.

What term refers to the match between an individual and her supervisor and coworkers? a person-job fit a person-group fit a person-vocation fit a person-organization fit

a person-group fit

Daisy works as a receptionist. She is happy with her wages, enjoys her co-workers and her boss, she feels little stress, and she feels she can complete all of her tasks proficiently. Unfortunately, Daisy feels unfulfilled and hopes to get a different job soon. Which of the following does Daisy lack? a person-job fit a person-group fit a person-organization fit a person-vocation fit

a person-vocation fit

System

a set of interrelated elements functioning as a whole

Michael Porter says that companies gain a competitive advantage by giving customers a feeling of brand loyalty a product with the highest possible quality a superior value for their money excellent customer service

a superior value for their money

2 dysfunctional behaviors that have interested managers for many years

absenteeism and turnover

What term refers to a general tendency of an individual to experience a particular mood or to react to things in a particular way or with certain emotions? burnout affectivity personality intelligence

affectivity

Which of the following is NOT one of the primary ways a company may group jobs into manageable groups? affinity teams function location product

affinity teams

Which stress stage is triggered when we first encounter a stressor? termination exhaustion alarm resistance

alarm

You have been selected as Chief Executive Officer of a new automotive tool and die company. What can you do to create an effective, positive organizational culture? delegate primary responsibility for the culture to mid-level supervisors clearly articulate the organization's mission, values, and goals let the culture develop organically reinforce the company's enacted values and norms

clearly articulate the organization's mission, values, and goals

Growth Strategy

company expansion organically or through acquisitions

David serves on the board of directors of a furniture company. He also is the CEO of a timber company attempting to secure a contract with the furniture company. What situation does this example represent? environmental sustainability conflict of interest corporate social responsibility expediated payments

conflict of interest

Which term describes a business that is living and working together for the common good and valuing human dignity? collectivism global perspectives long-term values corporate social responsibility

corporate social responsibility

Each of the following facilitates managing organizational culture, EXCEPT: criticizing the organization's culture teaching the organization's culture taking advantage of the existing culture changing the organization's culture

criticizing the organization's culture

What type of stress results because of happy events that lead to pleasurable emotions, including satisfaction, excitement, and enjoyment? behavioral eustress demand adaptation

eustress

The manner by which task reporting and authority relationships interact as a system determines an organization's: hierarchy structure strategy division of labor

structure

Customer Intimacy

delivering unique and customizable products or services to meet customers' needs and increase customer loyalty

The process of selecting and managing aspects of organizational structure and culture to enable the organization to achieve its goals is called organizational: formalization span of control design centralization

design

Differentiation Strategy

developing a product or service that has unique characteristics valued by customers

Product Innovation

developing new products or services

What term refers to drawing a general impression that the outcomes of promotions, hiring, firing, and raises were fair and equitable? distributive fairness procedural fairness organizational fairness interactional fairness

distributive fairness

Robert is self-aware, manages his emotions, expresses empathy for others, and possesses social skills. He has high _____________________. general mental ability self-efficacy internal locus of control emotional intelligence

emotional intelligence

Given current demographic trends, which of the following is NOT a strategy companies would use to gain a competitive advantage through promoting diversity? utilize reverse mentoring encourage older workers to retire put women in top management positions create heterogeneous teams

encourage older workers to retire

cost leadership strategy

striving to be the lowest-cost producer for a particular level of product quality

What type of policy explains what data a company will collect about its customers, how the data will be used, and how customers can opt out of having such information collected and/or shared? ethics corporate social responsibility privacy nondiscrimination

privacy

When we attribute our own perceptions to others, we engage in ______________. projection self-handicapping a self-fulfilling prophecy attribution

projection

Which of the following factors is NOT a typical positive result when managers make a practice of listening to employees, recognizing their work, building trust, and behaving ethically? stronger customer loyalty Reduced absenteeism and turnover savings through staff layoffs Improved financial performance

savings through staff layoffs

Karen, the department manager, realizes that Bill is missing from work and didn't call in sick. She assumes something beyond Bill's control must have happened. This belief is an example of _____________. halo effect stereotyping selective perception contrast effect

selective perception

Which of the following are "growth needs" in Maslow's hierarchy of needs? self-actualization and esteem security and belonging physiological and security esteem and security

self-actualization and esteem

Human Resource Management

set of organizational activities directed at attracting, developing, and maintaining an effective workforce

Which of the following is NOT an element that makes up an organization's culture? span of control trust and positive relationships how employees get work done shared values, norms, and assumptions

span of control

Which dimension of task-specific self-efficacy refers to beliefs about how confident the person is that the task can be accomplished? generality performance strength magnitude

strength