MGT 357

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Several studies have demonstrated that interpersonal conflict between colleagues (IC) negatively affects employee satisfaction (ES). A researcher wants to know if leaders' conflict management behavior influences this relationship. In a well-designed study, the researcher finds that when a leader is conflict-avoidant, the negative effect of IC on ES is stronger than when a leader exhibits problem-solving behavior. However, in a follow-up study, the researcher finds that the relationship between IC and ES is more nuanced: IC negatively affects ES only when an employee experiences feelings of anger. In fact, when employees don't experience feelings of anger, the negative effect of IC on ES disappears.

... leaders' conflict management behavior is a moderator, and employees' feelings of anger is a mediator.

Rank order these options in terms of whose professional expertise you would judge to be more trustworthy (valid and reliable) over a five-year period: 1 = the most trustworthy to 4 = the least trustworthy. Use each number only once. --3 A business consultant specializing in Agile working --2 A sales manager specializing in selling life insurance policies --1 A dermatologist specializing in the treatment of eczema --4 A personal counselor specializing in how to live a happy life

1) A dermatologist specializing in the treatment of eczema 2) A sales manager specializing in selling life insurance policies 3) A business consultant specializing in Agile working 4) A business consultant specializing in Agile working

Read the following abstract of an empirical study, "Leadership Styles of Entrepreneurs and Managers." This study tested hypotheses related to leadership styles of entrepreneurs and managers. A random sample of 621 owners of small businesses and 127 managers of large companies participated in a survey conducted in early 2014. A questionnaire was used for data collection and was sent out to all participants for them to rate their leadership style. We found significant differences in leadership styles between the two groups. Entrepreneurs were more likely than managers to use inspirational and charismatic leadership behaviors. Managers had higher levels of passive, laissez-faire leadership behaviors than did entrepreneurs. What is the research design of this study? A cross-sectional study A randomized controlled study A before-after study A meta-analysis or systematic review I don't know

A cross-sectional study

Read the following abstract of an empirical study, "Exploring Corporate Entrepreneurship in Privatized Firms." This paper reports an analysis of whether state-owned enterprises (SOEs) increase their levels of entrepreneurship after privatization. The study uses a sample of 38 firms for its empirical research. Data on these firms were available for two years before and after privatization. The findings show that corporate entrepreneurship increases after privatization. What is the research design of this study? A controlled study A before-after study A meta-analysis or systematic review A cross-sectional study

A before-after study

Read the following scenario. A large American home improvement supplies retailer sells tools, construction products, and services. Customer satisfaction is regarded by the company as an important key performance indicator (KPI) and is presented in a dashboard that is accessible for the 320 managers of the company's 560 local stores. The data are collected, processed, and reported according to the steps below. Identify the two steps that introduce significant risk of inaccurate data. Check all that apply.

A customer's satisfaction is measured by a short questionnaire distributed by the local manager to a representative sample of the store's customers. The satisfaction scores are put into the company's management information system by the local manager.

Read the following scenario and determine whether the data were collected on the basis of a logic model. We have collected organizational data on employee turnover. After analyzing the data,, we noticed that the turnover rate of employees born between 1981 and 1996 (also known as the millennial generation) is on average 30 percent higher than that of other employees. This suggests that millennials are actually job-hopping more frequently than other generations and consequently are more likely than other age groups to leave the company. We should therefore focus our efforts to decrease the company's turnover rate on this group rather than all employees. A logic model was used. A logic model was not used.

A logic model was not used.

Over a five-year period, whose professional expertise would you judge to be the least trustworthy (valid and reliable)? A car salesperson specializing in selling secondhand cars An eye surgeon specializing in eye laser surgery A baker specializing in making sourdough bread A management consultant specializing in culture change

A management consultant specializing in culture change

Read the following abstract of an empirical study, "Risk Propensity Differences between Entrepreneurs and Managers." Research examining the relative risk-taking propensities of entrepreneurs and managers has produced conflicting findings and no consensus. To facilitate a comprehensive evaluation of the scientific literature, we systematically searched three research databases (ABI-Inform, Business Source Premier, and PsycINFO) for empirical studies. What is the research design of this study?

A meta-analysis or systematic review

A public service organization that wants to prepare for the effects of climate change -A protocol, decision tree, or standard operating procedure -An evidence summary, such as critically appraised topic (CAT) or rapid evidence assessment (REA) -Probably little evidence is available, so this requires a process of learning by doing and systematically assessing the outcome.

-Probably little evidence is available, so this requires a process of learning by doing and systematically assessing the outcome.

Which two factors determine the trustworthiness of evidence acquired from stakeholders?

-The extent to which the evidence is representative for all stakeholders -The extent to which the stakeholders could freely express their views and feelings

An external audit of an Italian human services charity exposed thousands of dollars were spent for purposes that are not related to the charity's mission. For example, money that was meant to assist poor residents was used to purchase luxury cars and sponsor a college baseball tournament. In addition, the audit report revealed that the charity's chair has stayed on a 108-foot yacht owned by one of the charity's contractors that was paid more than $2 million for fundraising and promotional services. When the board of trustees discusses the audit report during a public hearing, all those present react furiously. A spokesperson of the charity's staff declares that all employees are deeply ashamed for their organization's behavior. The charity's staff and managers?

Internal Stakeholders

Read the following results from a study entitled "The Relationship between Employee Satisfaction and Employee Turnover: A Meta-Analysis": Based on 521 cross-sectional studies with a total sample size of 9,939 business units and 23,567 employees, this meta-analysis examined the relationship at the business-unit level between employee satisfaction and turnover. We found a significant correlation between satisfaction and business-unit turnover. Corrected for performance measurement error, the correlation was r = −.15 What conclusion(s) can be drawn based on these findings? Check all that apply.

It is unclear whether a higher level of employee satisfaction leads to a lower turnover. The findings indicate there is a weak relationship between employee satisfaction and turnover.

You are responsible for the organizational data of the National CPR Institute, which offers CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) training courses through 1,200 local training centers. Over the past years the average pass rate for this training is 85 percent. However, the Institute's information system shows that in the past three months at 67 training centers, the pass rate was below 80 percent. The institute's medical director asks you how she should interpret these numbers Based on this information, what would be your answer to the medical director? The pass rate at the 67 training centers is below average, but the cause is unclear. The pass rate at the 67 training centers is not too low; it is probably average. It is unclear whether the pass rate at the 67 training centers is below average. I don't know

It is unclear whether the pass rate at the 67 training centers is below average.

Riverview Healthcare's executives decide to see whether there is evidence to support the preferred solution: implementing a new compensation system that provides a strong financial incentive to prioritize quality over quantity of care and that includes a variable bonus tied to the physicians' group performance on the new metrics. Again, they hold several focus groups with managers, team leaders, and nurses. Most participants state that their experience is that, in general, most physicians are sensitive to financial bonuses and are gladly willing to change their focus and behavior if it yields more money. They therefore expect the new compensation system to shift physicians' mindset and priorities to be more patient-centered. Does the evidence from practitioners support the preferred solution? To a great extent Somewhat Very little Not at all

To a great extent

Very clear

How strong/trustworthy would you consider the following evidence? Findings from a survey of 100 CEOs, conducted by an international consulting firm, regarding the best way to reduce expenses and improve profitability. High Moderate Low Very low

Very low

The opinion of a well-known CEO regarding the effects of participative budgeting on cost management High Moderate Low Very low

Very low

The findings suggest that women with an interest in fashion are more likely than women without a fashion interest to overuse their credit cards. Given the study's design and methodological quality, how would you qualify the trustworthiness of this finding? Click here to use the grading table. High (90%) Moderate (80%) Limited (70%) Low (60%) Very low (< 60%) I don't know

Very low (< 60%)

The passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA, also called Obamacare) in 2010 required that US hospitals report their performance on new metrics. These new metrics allow the federal government to reimburse hospitals for the costs of care based on their performance quality. Riverview Healthcare, a large hospital located in the eastern United States, decided to take the challenge of implementing the new performance metrics one step further by also changing the financial compensation plan for its physicians to improve the quality of care. The new plan would compensate physicians with both a base salary and a variable bonus tied to their individual performance on the ACA metrics. How clearly defined is the problem (what, who, when, where, why)? Very clear Fairly clear Somewhat unclear Very unclear I don't know

Very unclear

The passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA, also called Obamacare) in 2010 required that US hospitals report their performance on new metrics. These new metrics allow the federal government to reimburse hospitals for the costs of care based on their performance quality. Riverview Healthcare, a large hospital located in the eastern United States, decided to take the challenge of implementing the new performance metrics one step further by also changing the financial compensation plan for its physicians to improve the quality of care. The new plan would compensate physicians with both a base salary and a variable bonus tied to their individual performance on the ACA metrics. In the scenario we used above (question 6), is it clear what the most serious and urgent problem is? Very clear Fairly clear Somewhat unclear Very unclear

Very unclear

You are responsible for the organizational data of the National CPR Institute, which offers CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) training courses through 1,200 local training centers. Over the past years the average pass rate for this training is 85 percent. However, the Institute's information system shows that in the past three months at 67 training centers, the pass rate was below 80 percent. The institute's medical director asks you how she should interpret these numbers. Based on this information, what would be your answer to the medical director? The pass rate at the 67 training centers is below average, but the cause is unclear. The pass rate at the 67 training centers is not too low; it is probably average. It is unclear whether the pass rate at the 67 training centers is below average. I don't know

It is unclear whether the pass rate at the 67 training centers is below average.

In 2016, an investigation by the Seattle Times revealed a serious gender bias within the careers platform LinkedIn. Highly paid jobs were not displayed as frequently for searches by women as they were for men because of the way LinkedIn's algorithms were written. When LinkedIn examined this embarrassing flaw, it found that for these high-paying jobs, the users of the site's job search function were predominantly male, so the algorithm ended up proposing these jobs only to men. Which ethical principle is of concern here? Beneficence Respect Justice

Justice

The number 12, representing the percentage that a department's monthly absentee rate was under the company's target.

KPI

How large was the size of the effect of fashion interest on compulsive buying behavior, as provided in Table 2? (Use the rules of thumb below as a guideline.) Large Medium Small Zero or not significant No effect sizes are reported.

Large

Based on your analysis, how would you consider this design's appropriateness for measuring an effect, impact, or causal relation (in this case, the possible causes of compulsive buying behavior)? Click here to use the grading table. High Moderate Limited Low

Low

The findings suggest that the scent of an ovulating woman will increase a man's testosterone level. Given the study's design and methodological quality, how would you qualify the trustworthiness of this finding? Click here to use the grading table. High (90%) Moderate (80%) Limited (70%) Low (60%)

Low (60%)

You hire a plumber to repair a clogged sink in your apartment in Greenwich Village, in lower Manhattan. At a certain moment, you notice the plumber peeking into your living room. After he leaves, you wonder whether he was checking out the living room to see what valuables there are (so he or someone else could come back later to steal your stuff). You decide not to panic but apply Bayes rule instead. When you search the Internet, you find that in ther past year, there were 496 burglaries in Greenwich Village per 100,000 households, so you set the prior probability at .005. Finally, how would you estimate the posterior probability P(Htrue|E) that your apartment will be broken into given the prior probability and the likelihood of the evidence?

Lower than 10 percent

3. The (assumed) market share increase of a airline company

Marketing & sales

How large was the overall effect size on group performance? See Tables 2 and 3. Use the rules of thumb below as a guideline. Large Medium to large Small to medium Zero or not significant No effect sizes are reported

Medium to large

The number 2, representing the percentage of nurses that were absent from work in the past month.

Metric

Look at the graph and determine whether (and if so, why) it is misleading. Check all that apply. (Ice cream Sales)

Misleading: the baseline is missing—the vertical axis does not start at 0.

An international hotel chain, a job satisfaction survey among its 6,500 employees. The outcome showed that 63 percent of employees were dissatisfied with their supervisor. In addition, it was found that hotels with the lowest score on supervisory support also had the highest number of complaints and the lowest profit margins. Focus group discussions with employees indicated that they felt their supervisors lacked general management skills and interpersonal skills . When managing directors were asked about view, stated that, in experience, supervisors who lack skills to support their employees also tend to generate high complaint rates and low profit margins. Based on these findings, the board decides to provide management training for all supervisors. Scientific evidence Organizational evidence Experiential evidence Stakeholder evidence

Scientific evidence

Secondary Stakeholder

At a board meeting of a German engineering company that recently was forced to adopt tough austerity measures, the high level of workplace stress that many senior engineers experience is discussed. The HR director suggests allowing the engineers to bring their dogs to work, because this is believed to have a positive effect on workplace stress. The CEO, however, thinks that this is nonsense and wants to maintain the status quo unless there is evidence from the scientific literature that supports this belief. P: What is the population of interest? Employees Knowledge workers A German engineering company Senior engineers

Senior engineers

Somewhat unclear

Study 1: Virtual Team Leadership: Perspectives from the FieldThe purpose of this study was to improve the understanding of virtual team leadership occurring within existing virtual teams in a range of organizations. Data were collected through comprehensive interviews with nine virtual team leaders and focus groups with members from six different organizations. Content analysis was used to code the interview transcripts and detailed notes obtained from these interviews. Two independent raters categorized results into themes and sub-themes Study 2: Making Virtual Teams More Effective: Improving Relational LinksThe purpose of this paper is to report on a study testing training methods to improve communications among virtual team members. Training methods for improving virtual team communications were developed and administered to 12 virtual teams.

Study 1 is a qualitative study, and study 2 is a quantitative study.

Read the following scenario and determine whether the decision taken was based on System 1 or System 2 thinking. A recently appointed managing director of a small manufacturing firm notices that the accounting system is not working properly and there is limited insight into the firm's fixed and variable costs. The financial director suggests introducing activity-based costing, a popular costing method that is used by most large international manufacturing firms. The managing director is not familiar with this method but feels that if so many large manufacturing firms use activity-based costing, the method must be good for their company as well. He therefore decides to implement the method. System 1 System 2

System 1

Read the following scenario and determine whether the decision taken was based on System 1 or System 2 thinking. A candidate applying for the position of project manager gives a presentation that uses poorly designed slides. In addition, he doesn't smile often, and the suit he wears looks a little worn out. The organization's senior managers therefore decide not to give him the job. System 1 System 2

System 1

Read the following scenario and determine whether the decision taken was based on System 1 or System 2 thinking. A well-known consulting firm recommends introducing Agile methods to boost the company's performance. The CEO decides that she first wants to know what the research literature suggests about the benefits (effectiveness) and costs (possible negative effects) of Agile working. System 1 System 2

System 2

Read the following scenario and determine whether the decision taken was based on System 1 or System 2 thinking. An international hotel chain decides to invest in a new customer relationship management (CRM) system. The IT director suggests inviting four well-known IT companies to tender for the development of the new CRM system. The CEO, however, decides that also two-lesser known IT companies will be invited to tender and that all tender proposals must be blinded, meaning that the names and logos of the tendering companies must be removed. System 1 System 2

System 2

Read the following scenario: A large multinational company decides to survey its most important stakeholders - the customers - to understand their satisfaction with the new service the company has been providing for two months. For this purpose, the company's 40 largest clients are invited to complete an online survey about their experiences. Which of the following might negatively affect the trustworthiness of the outcome? A sample of 40 is too small. An online survey is not a good method to collect stakeholder evidence The period of two months after the introduction of the new service is too short. The 40 largest clients may not be representative for the company's total population of clients. I don't know

The 40 largest clients may not be representative for the company's total population of clients.

How precise was the overall effect size of specific group goals on group performance, as provided in Table 2? The 95% CI was OK. The 95% CI was too wide. There was no CI.

The 95% CI was OK.

Read the following scenario and determine the PICOC terms: The organizational data of a German pharmaceutical company indicate that the firm's overall productivity is below the average in the sector. The HR director suggests conducting an employee engagement survey, arguing that a company's productivity is dependent on the collective performance of its employees. According to Gallup engagement is the most important driver of performance by employees. The outcome of the survey shows that the company's engagement score is below Gallup's Global Employee Engagement Benchmark. structured interviews with employees are conducted to identify factors that negatively affect their engagement. What is the outcome of interest? The company's overall productivity Employee performance Employee engagement The collective performance of the employees I don't know

The company's overall productivity

Given that the marketing director's recommendation in the scenario above was based on empirical research, you ask the company's data analysts to make a scatter plot of the data. The next day, you receive the following graph: (Annual Income, Monthly Food Expenditure) What would you conclude on the basis of this scatter plot? The correlation between income and food expenditure is hardly relevant from a practical perspective. There are outliers that may affect the correlation between income and food expenditure. The marketing directors recommendation is wrong: there is a strong correlation between income and food expenditure The correlation between income and food expenditure is negative.

The correlation between income and food expenditure is hardly relevant from a practical perspective.

In the scenario above, it turns out that there are indeed a large number of rigorous studies demonstrating a strong positive correlation (0.7) between income and food expenditure. At the same time, it becomes clear that the sample used by the company's data analysts concerned mainly people living in upscale areas. What would you conclude based on this new information? The correlation may be spurious. The new information does not add value. The correlation may be lower and thus even less relevant. The correlation may be deflated due to range restriction.

The correlation may be deflated due to range restriction.

Read the following abstract from a study, "Preliminary Investigation of Employee's Dog Presence on Stress and Organizational Perceptions": A pre-post design was used to compare differences between employees who bring their dogs to work (DOG group) and employees who do not bring their dogs to work (NODOG group) on perceived stress. Significant differences were found between the two groups. Although perceived stress was similar at baseline, over the course of the day, stress declined for the DOG group with their dogs present and increased for the NODOG group. The NODOG group had higher stress than the DOG group by the end of the day (p < 0.04, d = .03). Based on these findings, what would your conclusion be?

The effect of dogs at the workplace on perceived stress is very small and practically irrelevant.

In 2019 the German car manufacturing company Volkswagen announced that it will reduce €5.9 billion of costs by reducing the workforce and eliminating up to 7,000 positions. However, the company's board decided that existing workers in Volkswagen's German operations will not face layoffs for the next 10 years. Volkswagen will achieve this by not filling empty jobs. For instance, Volkswagen will not hire replacements for retiring workers. Which stakeholder group(s) may experience harm from this decision? The employees The customers The shareholders The society at large The suppliers

The employees

Read the following scenario that is based on the article "While Nestlé extracts millions of liters from their land, residents have no drinking water" that was published in The Guardian in 2018 . The question of who owns Canada's water is hard to answer. Water is supposed to be regulated by the federal government, and according to the Canadian constitution, they have the duty to consult 'First Nations' and to make sure other parties do the same when extracting any natural resource, including water, from indigenous land. This legal ambiguity has allowed Nestlé - the world biggest bottling company that sells mineral water such as Acqua Panna, San Pellegrino, Perrier, and Vittel - to move in and extract water for next to nothing: What is the impact of Nestlé's decision to extract water from indigenous land on the stakeholder The Six Nations

There is both a practical and an ethical impact

A company decides to survey its clients to understand their satisfaction with the new service the company has been providing for two months. For this purpose, the company's 40 largest clients are invited to complete an online survey about their experiences. Which of the following might negatively affect the outcome of the survey? A sample of 40 is too small. An online survey is not a good method to measure customer experience. The sample is not random. The period of two months after the introduction of the new service is too short. I don't know

The sample is not random.

Read the following scenario. The management information system of company that sells secondhand cars shows the following number of monthly sales by a local store: 21, 18, 31, 15, 33, 31, 82, 31, 26, 22, 31 Which average represents the data better? The mean The median The mode They mean, media, and mode are equally representative

They mean, media, and mode are equally representative.

Rank order the four interventions based on how reliably the effect on the outcome can be measured (the most reliable on top). An international marketing campaign to increase the market share of a new smartphone brand A large-scale organizational change intervention to improve the performance of a nongovernmental organization A two-day training course to increase the customer focus of the staff of a large fastfood chain A new policy on sick leave to reduce the absenteeism of nurses of a local hospital

A new policy on sick leave to reduce the absenteeism of nurses of a local hospital An international marketing campaign to increase the market share of a new smartphone brand A large-scale organizational change intervention to improve the performance of a nongovernmental organization A two-day training course to increase the customer focus of the staff of a large fastfood chain

Read the following abstract of an empirical study, "The effect of early entrepreneurship education." The aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of early entrepreneurship education. To this end, we evaluate a leading entrepreneurship education program that is taught worldwide in the final grade of primary school. We focus on pupils' development of entrepreneurship knowledge and a set of non-cognitive skills relevant for entrepreneurial activity. The study was conducted between February and July in 2010, and again during the same period in 2011. In total, 120 schools participated in the study. Random assignment to the treatment or control group took place at the class level. Classes assigned to the control group were excluded from participating in the education program. What is the research design of this study?

A randomized controlled study

The average age of the new employees your company hired last year is 28 with a standard deviation of 5. What does this information tell you? About 95 percent of the company's new employees is between 28 and 38 years old. The company's workforce is rather old. About 95 percent of the company's new employees is between 18 and 38 years old. About 95 percent of the company's new employees is between 23 and 32 years old.

About 95 percent of the company's new employees is between 18 and 38 years old.

Financial incentives (e.g., bonus pay based on number of products sold) have a moderate positive effect on sales performance. Actionable Not actionable

Actionable

How a salesperson perceives a new product influences the amount of effort he or she puts into selling it. Actionable Not actionable

Actionable

Sales training has a moderate to large effect on sales performance. Actionable Not actionable

Actionable

Since IBM, Boeing, Ford, and several other Fortune 500 companies introduced the Agile methodology, their annual revenues have increased by 10 to 15 percent. Therefore, if a company wants to increase its performance and annual revenue, it should seriously consider introducing the Agile methodology. Low-performing organizations don't use the Agile methodology. Agile methodology causes a company's performance and annual revenue to increase. An increase of a company's performance and annual revenue can't be solely attributed to the introduction of the Agile methodology. Organizations with a declining performance and annual revenue should introduce the Agile methodology.

Agile methodology causes a company's performance and annual revenue to increase.

You are responsible for the organizational data of the National CPR Institute, which offers CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) training courses through 1,200 local training centers. Over the past years the average pass rate for this training is 85 percent. However, the Institute's information system shows that in the past three months at 67 training centers, the pass rate was below 80 percent. The institute's medical director asks you how she should interpret these numbers In the scenario above, what would you recommend the medical director? Wait three months to see whether the pass rates of the 67 centers have changed. Pool data from several small centers to develop a larger data set. Calculate and report a 95% confidence interval. All of the above. I don't know

All of the above.

At a board meeting of a German engineering company that recently was forced to adopt tough austerity measures, the high level of workplace stress that many senior engineers experience is discussed. The HR director suggests allowing the engineers to bring their dogs to work, because this is believed to have a positive effect on workplace stress. The CEO, however, thinks that this is nonsense and wants to maintain the status quo unless there is evidence from the scientific literature that supports this belief. I: What is the intervention of interest? Doing nothing/status quo Allowing employees to bring their pets to work Adopting tough austerity measures Allowing engineers to bring their dogs to work

Allowing engineers to bring their dogs to work

A public service organization that wants to enhance the service orientation of its civil servants -A protocol, decision tree, or standard operating procedure -An evidence summary, such as critically appraised topic (CAT) or rapid evidence assessment (REA)

An evidence summary, such as critically appraised topic (CAT) or rapid evidence assessment (REA)

The number 20, representing the percentage that a company's annual absentee rate is above the average in the sector.

Benchmark

Search in Business Source Elite for peer-reviewed articles with the search terms ethnic diversity, cultural diversity, racial diversity, or team diversity in the title, then use the history function to combine the outcome with OR. Limit the results to studies published from 2000 to 2010 by adjusting date slider How many peer-reviewed articles does your search yield? Click here to open Business Source Elite. Between 500 and 1500 results More than 1500 results Between 100 and 500 results Less than 100 results

Between 100 and 500 results

The number 20, representing the percentage that the total number of process stops is below the average in the sector, confirming the assumption of the Chief Operations Officer that the plant is doing worse than its competitors. Data Information Evidence

Evidence

The passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA, also called Obamacare) in 2010 required that US hospitals report their performance on new metrics. These new metrics allow the federal government to reimburse hospitals for the costs of care based on their performance quality. Riverview Healthcare, a large hospital located in the eastern United States, decided to take the challenge of implementing the new performance metrics one step further by also changing the financial compensation plan for its physicians to improve the quality of care. The new plan would compensate physicians with both a base salary and a variable bonus tied to their individual performance on the ACA metrics. In the scenario we used above (question 6), is it clear what the organizational consequences of the problem(s) are? Very clear Fairly clear Somewhat unclear Very unclear

Very unclear

Read the following scenario. A study reports that manufacturing companies that implement dexterous teams (a new management technique for production teams) achieve a 12 percent higher productivity compared with companies that use traditional teams. A 1 percent production increase equates to a $90,000 profit increase, while the costs of implementing dexterous teams are rather low. However, the study indicates that this finding is not statistically significant, because the p-value is higher than 0.05 (in fact, it's 0.12). The study's research design is qualified by peer reviewers as rigorous. Should you implement the model?

YES

Healthcare executives in a large, academic hospital are concerned with the number of medical errors made by the nurses and physicians. They strongly believe that a significant proportion of these errors are preventable and feel that the errors result from a poor safety climate within the hospital. They decide to discuss their view with some of the hospital's most senior and authoritative medical specialists to see whether those specialists agree. Thinking again about the scenario in question 14, what should the executives do instead to avoid bias? Select Yes or No for each option. --No Yes Install a red team --No Yes Ask someone to play devil's advocate --No Yes Actively seek information that contradicts their assumption --No Yes Consult people within the hospital who may have contradictory beliefs

YES FOR ALL

1. The level of psychological safety within new teams

Yes

According to Wikipedia, goal setting is a very effective method of improving the performance of individual employees. According to a study published in The Journal of Applied Psychology in 2011, goal setting also has a positive effect on the performance of groups. Download the study here and determine its research design by answering the questions below. Did most of the studies included use a control group OR collect the data (or measure the variables) both before and after exposure to an intervention or variable? Yes No/unclear

Yes

According to Wikipedia, goal setting is a very effective method of improving the performance of individual employees. According to a study published in The Journal of Applied Psychology in 2011, goal setting also has a positive effect on the performance of groups. Download the study here and determine its research design by answering the questions below. Does the study mainly examine the results of a large number of studies published on the same topic? Yes No

Yes

Based on your analysis, how appropriate would you consider this design to be for measuring an effect, impact, or causal relation (in this case, the effect of goal setting on group performance)? Is it unlikely that important, relevant studies were missed? Yes No/unclear

Yes

Based on your analysis, how appropriate would you consider this design to be for measuring an effect, impact, or causal relation (in this case, the effect of goal setting on group performance)? Was the process used to select studies clearly defined and reproducible? Yes No/unclear

Yes

Imagine you are a manager at an educational institution. Would you regard the following statement from a consultant as evidence about trust and information sharing? "In the fifteen years I have worked as a consultant, I have noticed knowledge workers are more likely to share information when they trust each other." Yes No

Yes

Imagine you are an executive of an international IT firm. You are thinking about introducing virtual teams. Would you regard the experience of software engineers with virtual teams as evidence? Yes No

Yes

Imagine you are the CEO of a large financial firm. You are thinking about introducing performance bonuses for executives and senior-level employees. Would you consider as evidence the outcome of a national survey that indicates that most people disapprove of awarding financial bonuses to executives? Yes No

Yes

In January 2010, the following article was originally published on the website of Science Daily: The source of this article was a study with the same title that was published in Psychological Science in 2010. This study shows that men who smelled the shirts of ovulating women subsequently had higher levels of testosterone than men who smelled shirts worn by non-ovulating women. Did fewer than 20% of the subjects drop out? If not, did the study account for this high number of drop outs?

Yes

In January 2010, the following article was originally published on the website of Science Daily: The source of this article was a study with the same title that was published in Psychological Science in 2010. This study shows that men who smelled the shirts of ovulating women subsequently had higher levels of testosterone than men who smelled shirts worn by non-ovulating women. Were reliable and valid measurement methods used? Yes No

Yes

In January 2010, the following article was originally published on the website of Science Daily: The source of this article was a study with the same title that was published in Psychological Science in 2010. This study shows that men who smelled the shirts of ovulating women subsequently had higher levels of testosterone than men who smelled shirts worn by non-ovulating women. Were the subjects in the study randomly assigned to an intervention group and a control or comparison group? Yes No

Yes

In January 2010, the following article was originally published on the website of Science Daily: The source of this article was a study with the same title that was published in Psychological Science in 2010. This study shows that men who smelled the shirts of ovulating women subsequently had higher levels of testosterone than men who smelled shirts worn by non-ovulating women. Was the control group similar to the intervention at the start of the study? Yes No

Yes

In October 2013, the following article was published in the magazine Consumer Affairs: The article discusses various reasons why women especially may suffer from "compulsive buying" and, as a result, overuse their credit cards. A recent study published in the Journal of Accounting, Finance & Management Strategy suggests that women who have a high interest in fashion are more likely to overuse their credit cards. Were all the data collected (or variables measured) at the same time? Yes No

Yes

The article discusses various reasons why women especially may suffer from "compulsive buying" and, as a result, overuse their credit cards. A recent study published in the Journal of Accounting, Finance & Management Strategy suggests that women who have a high interest in fashion are more likely to overuse their credit cards. Were reliable and valid measurement methods used? Yes No

Yes

The costs of team-building activities

Yes

The performance of teams with low psychological safety compared to those with high psychological safety.

Yes

Determine which of the following four journals are peer reviewed by looking up their information page in Business Source Elite. Select Yes or No. Click here to open Business Source Elite. --Yes No Strategy & Leadership --Yes No McKinsey Quarterly --Yes No Human Resource Management Review --Yes No HR Magazine

Yes Strategy & Leadership No McKinsey Quarterly Yes Human Resource Management Review No HR Magazine

Imagine you want to find empirical studies on the effect of ethnic diversity on team performance. Your search for alternative terms for ethnic diversity has yielded the following terms: cultural diversity, racial diversity, and team diversity. Search in Business Source Elite for peer-reviewed articles with the term ethnic diversity or the three alternative terms in the title, and rank the terms based on the number of results (the term that yields the most results on top).

ethnic diversity cultural diversity team diversity racial diversity ??

Minutes of the Delasota State Economic Development Council The Chairman opens the meeting by welcoming all present. The Chairman provides a summary of the worrisome economic developments in our state. The analyses from the Bureau of Economic Affairs indicates that labor market conditions continue to weaken, and the annual growth rate for Delasota's economy is expected to drop to 0.2 percent. This means the economy is doing very poorly, compared to our neighbor state, Minneware, whose economy is expected to grow to 5.7 percent. number of foreigners at Minneware's airport doubled. forecast that this year Minneware's average income per capita will increase by more than 10 percent. what would you consider to be the two most critical assumption(s)

- The growth of Minneware's economy is a direct result of the states campaign to promote ecotourism and the ensuing increase in the number of tourists. - The director of Minneware's State Bureau of Tourism is directly responsible for the success of the campaign to promote ecotourism.

Read the following scenario. Compared to the previous month, hospital X has treated 100 more patients, whereas hospital Y has treated 1,000 more patients. Check the 3 types of contextual information you would need to determine which hospital is doing better from a financial perspective.

- The total number of patients each hospital treats per month - The medical departments/specialties that gained the most patients - The profitability of each hospital's "average" patient

. A public service organization that wants to improve the performance appraisal procedure of civil servants -A protocol, decision tree, or standard operating procedure -An evidence summary, such as critically appraised topic (CAT) or rapid evidence assessment (REA)

-A protocol, decision tree, or standard operating procedure

You have recently been appointed as managing director for a small manufacturing firm. In your first months working there, it becomes clear to you that the accounting system is not working properly and there is limited insight into the firm's fixed and variable costs. The financial director suggests introducing activity-based costing, a widely used costing method. Since you are not sure whether activity-based costing will also work in small firms, you decide to consult evidence from a number of sources before you decide to implement this method.

1) A recent study published in an academic journal shows that activity-based costing has benefits for small and medium-sized enterprises. The study compares 15 small organizations that have implemented the model with 19 small organizations that have not implemented it. Objective performance measures before and after implementation suggest that activity-based costing leads to a better understanding and control of costs. 2)You contact a senior consultant at a well-known consulting firm. This consultant tells you that, based on his 15 years of experience with a large number of small manufacturing firms, he judges activity-based costing to be too expensive and complex for small and medium-sized businesses. He therefore advises you not to implement the method. 3)The financial director shows you an article in a popular management magazine describing the results of a study involving the implementation of activity-based costing in three small manufacturing companies. The result of this study is based on interviews with four financial directors. Three of them are positive about the benefits of activity-based costing. He therefore advises you to implement the method. 4)Findings from a survey regarding the use of activity-based costing, published in a popular magazine, indicate that 53 percent of all multinational companies in the United States have implemented this method.

During a meeting with his colleagues, the HR director of a tech startup states: "In the past month, we have hired a large number of new employees. When employees are new to a team or a new team is being built, members do not yet understand who does what, what the group's social norms, rules, and customs are, and whether they can trust their fellow members. As a result, psychological safety is low, which negatively affects the team's performance, because people don't feel free to explore new ways of doing things, exchange ideas, and share information and knowledge In this example, how would the logic model look? Rank the five steps below in the right order. Start with the core assumption.

1. Psychological safety in new teams is often low. 2. Low psychological safety negatively affects a team's performance. 3. Team-building activities enhance social cohesion. 4. Social cohesion enhances psychological safety, promoting cooperation, interaction, and information sharing. 5. Cooperation, interaction, and information sharing positively affect performance.

1. The charity's clients (e.g. poor residents and welfare organizations that receive funding) 2.The charity's donors 3. The charity's staff 4.The charity's board of directors 5.The tax authorities

Rank order the four performance measures based on how reliably they can be measured (the most reliable measure on top) for a taxi company. The daily revenue of a driver employed by the taxi company The average occupancy rate of the taxis owned by the taxi company The job satisfaction of drivers employed by the taxi company The satisfaction of customers of the taxi company

1. The daily revenue of a driver employed by the taxi company 2. The average occupancy rate of the taxis owned by the taxi company 3. The job satisfaction of drivers employed by the taxi company 4. The satisfaction of customers of the taxi company

Imagine you have a database with eight documents in it, and you are going to do a search. Here is a visual illustration of the database and the documents it contains. You are searching for the terms red AND blue. How many documents will your search yield? 2: documents 3 and 6 6: documents 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 4: documents 3, 5, 6, and 7 1: document 3

2: documents 3 and 6

At a board meeting of a German engineering company that recently was forced to adopt tough austerity measures, the high level of workplace stress that many senior engineers experience is discussed. The HR director suggests allowing the engineers to bring their dogs to work, because this is believed to have a positive effect on workplace stress. The CEO, however, thinks that this is nonsense and wants to maintain the status quo unless there is evidence from the scientific literature that supports this belief. C: What is the context? A company that recently was forced to adopt tough austerity measures Any organization A German engineering company A German engineering company that recently was forced to adopt tough austerity measures

A German engineering company that recently was forced to adopt tough austerity measures

In 1997, Korean Air Flight 801 crashed into a hill while on approach to an airport in Guam, killing 223 people. After thorough investigation into the cause of the crash, it turned out that, in addition to a series of misfortunes—including bad weather and an offline warning system—the captain had made a wrong decision. This wrong decision, however, was noticed by the co-pilot, but due to the hierarchical Korean culture, he was afraid to question the captain's judgment. Which of the following biases influenced the co-pilot's fatal decision not to speak up? Patternicity/illusion of causality Confirmation bias Group conformity Availability bias Authority bias Outcome bias Overconfidence bias

Authority bias

To which of the following biases could a face-to-face meeting be susceptible? Select Yes or No for each option. --Yes No Authority bias --Yes No Confirmation bias --Yes No Group conformity --Yes No Availability bias

Authority bias YES Confirmation bias NO Group conformity YES Availability bias NO

In the months after the September 11 terrorist attacks, many people in the United States made the decision that traveling to their destination by car was far safer than traveling by air. Although statistically it is more dangerous to drive than to fly, having in mind the salient and dramatic events of September 11, these people felt that driving was the smarter choice. Which of the following biases influenced their judgment? Patternicity/illusion of causality Confirmation bias Group conformity Availability bias Authority bias Outcome bias Overconfidence bias

Availability bias

Your colleague claims that tall employees tend to get higher performance ratings. To substantiate this claim, she refers to a cross-sectional study that indeed shows a remarkably large correlation between height and performance rating. You know, however, that a cross-sectional study is not an appropriate research design to test a cause-and-effect claim. You therefore estimate the likelihood that a cross-sectional study will show a positive correlation even when tall employees do NOT get higher performance ratings as rather high. Therefore, you set the P(E|Hfalse) at 70 percent. On the other hand, if the claim were true and tall employees indeed get higher performance ratings, even a cross-sectional study would find a positive correlation. You therefore set the P(E|Htrue) at 90 percent. Since there is no reliable prior probability available, other than your personal judgment, you set the prior at 50 percent.

Between 50 percent and 60 percent

You are the founding partner of an IT startup. Because the company is very successful, you need to hire a new software developer. Which of the following would be the best choice to avoid confirmation bias during the selection process? Conduct multiple structured interviews. Let the software developers (future colleagues) in your company decide. Blind all personal information in the application letters and leave out the photos. Let a professional recruitment firm do the first screening. Let all applicants try out the job for a few days, and then select the best one.

Blind all personal information in the application letters and leave out the photos. Let a professional recruitment firm do the first screening.

Look at the two graphs and determine which division is doing better. Division A & Division B

Both are doing badly. The revenues are the same.

A healthcare manager wants to find out what is known in the scientific literature about patient aggression and the effect on the well-being of nurses. A quick and dirty search in Google Scholar shows a large number of relevant studies available on this topic. However, a search in Business Source Elite with the terms patient aggression and nurse well-being in the title or abstract yields only a few results. What is the most likely cause for the low number of results in Business Source Elite?

Business Source Elite is not the right database. The healthcare manager should have conducted the search in a database that covers the field of healthcare or nursing.

We identified seven companies that had implemented flexible working hours in the past year. To understand employees' satisfaction with the new working hours, a survey questionnaire was administered on a random selected Monday to the first 100 employees that start their working day, making a total sample size of 700. The questions in the survey were derived from the ESM-12, a validated 12-item employee satisfaction questionnaire, and were answered anonymously. How could the researchers have minimized bias? By picking a truly random sample By including a sample of employees from organizations that did not implement flexible working hours By taking a larger sample All of the above

By picking a truly random sample

How could the researchers have minimized bias? By picking a truly random sample By including a sample of employees from organizations that did not implement flexible working hoursxxx By taking a larger sample All of the above

By taking a larger sample

large German hospital chain with 42 locations decides to introduce a new compensation plan for its physicians in order to improve patient care. In this new plan, physician compensation would include both a base salary and a bonus portion tied to two metrics: low re-admissions of the same patient for the same condition and the average satisfaction score of the physician's patients. To assess the effect of the new plan, the hospital's chief medical officer (CMO) decides to conduct an after-action review (AAR) with a representative group of 20 physicians. During the review, the CMO focuses on learning and improvement rather than on evaluation or judgment. What is the BEST advice you could give to the CMO about how to improve the reliability of the assessment of the effect of the new compensation plan?

Conduct a randomized controlled trial: Randomly assign the 42 locations to an intervention group (new compensation plan) and a control group (old compensation plan) and measure the number of readmissions and patient satisfaction a few weeks before and several months after the trial.

A company wants to know whether its customers are satisfied with a new product it introduced three months ago. What would be the best method to acquire this evidence? Walking around and ask Use a mobile voting system Conduct a survey Use the Delphi method

Conduct a survey

A small manufacturing company wants to cut costs. The CEO takes some tough austerity measures and checks the effect in the financial reports every month. If the reports show the company's financial position has improved, he compliments his managers and considers the measures a success. If the company's financial position has declined, he writes it off as normal fluctuation. For months, the CEO is convinced the austerity measures have an effect even though the company's financial position remains constant. Which of the following biases influences the CEO's judgment? Patternicity/illusion of causality Confirmation bias Group conformity Availability bias Authority bias Outcome bias Overconfidence bias

Confirmation bias

Read the following scenario. Healthcare executives in a large, academic hospital are concerned with the number of medical errors made by the nurses and physicians. They strongly believe that a significant proportion of these errors are preventable and feel that the errors result from a poor safety climate within the hospital. They decide to discuss their view with some of the hospital's most senior and authoritative medical specialists to see whether those specialists agree. The executives' decision to discuss their view with some senior medical specialists to see whether the specialists agree is a questionable decision because it leaves the executives prone to which bias? Confirmation bias Group conformity Overconfidence bias Outcome bias

Confirmation bias

Mathematician Claims Proof of 159-year-old Riemann Hypothesis At age 89, mathematician Sir Michael Atiyah is recognized as one of the giants in his field. In 2004, he was honored with the Abel Prize, the math world's equivalent of the Nobel. But Atiyah, who is now retired, isn't one to rest on his laurels. In a recent talk at the Heidelberg Laureate Forum, he created a stir with his claim to be able to prove the 159-year-old Riemann hypothesis, long one of the great unsolved problems in mathematics. If Atiyah's proof eventually is accepted as correct, it could win a $1 million prize from the Clay Mathematics Institute. Is the use of the term proof in the article correct or incorrect? Correct, because in mathematics, you can prove that a hypothesis is true. Incorrect, because even in the domain of mathematics, you should refrain from using the word proof.

Correct, because in mathematics, you can prove that a hypothesis is true.

At a board meeting of a German engineering company that recently was forced to adopt tough austerity measures, the high level of workplace stress that many senior engineers experience is discussed. The HR director suggests allowing the engineers to bring their dogs to work, because this is believed to have a positive effect on workplace stress. The CEO, however, thinks that this is nonsense and wants to maintain the status quo unless there is evidence from the scientific literature that supports this belief. C: What is the comparison? Doing nothing/status quo Adopting tough austerity measures Allowing engineers to bring their dogs to work Increasing the total duration of breaks throughout the day

Doing nothing/status quo

Read the following case and determine which source(s) of evidence was consulted. Check all that apply. To lower costs and increase revenues, the boards of two academic medical centers have decided to merge. Together they account for 16 percent of the market for medical care. According to a well-known consulting firm, each percentage increase in market share would bring the new organization an additional $50 million of revenue. Both CEOs agree that the new organization would reduce administrative overhead by 20 percent. They also argue that it is common knowledge that large medical centers tend to have better patient outcomes than do small medical centers. A survey of the patients, however, indicates for various reasons, a large majority is opposed to the merger. Evidence from the scientific literature Evidence from the organization Evidence from stakeholders Evidence from practitioners I don't know

Evidence from the scientific literature Evidence from stakeholders Evidence from the organization

How would you define evidence-based management? Evidence-based management is about using critically appraised evidence from multiple sources to ensure effective decisions. Evidence-based management is about the systematic and conscientious use of the best available scientific evidence in decision making. Evidence-based management is about making decisions using critically appraised evidence from multiple sources to increase the likelihood of a favorable outcome. Evidence-based management is about the systematic use of scientific evidence to help managers make effective decisions.

Evidence-based management is about making decisions using critically appraised evidence from multiple sources to increase the likelihood of a favorable outcome.

During a board meeting of a large German automotive manufacturer the report of an external consultant is discussed. The report states that in the last quarter the number of sales has decreased relative to its competitors. The CEO warns that this could seriously damage the company's market share, and therefore demands immediate action. The company's head of marketing thinks the decrease is due to the unfavorable economic situation, so she suggests lowering the prices of the luxury cars. The head of sales, however, thinks that the decrease is caused by the high number of young, inexperienced sales agents, so he suggests sending them to a training course to improve their sales techniques. What evidence from the organization should the board collect first?

External data regarding the average number of sales in the sector and whether the company's sales have decreased relatively in the past quarter.

True or false? Evidence from scientific research is the strongest (most trustworthy) evidence. True False

False

True or false? Evidence-based practice tells you what works and what doesn't. True False

False

True or false? Experience doesn't count as evidence. True False

False

True or false? Practitioners rarely use evidence in their decisions. True False

False

True or false? Research conducted by a top university professor published in a top academic journal does not need to be critically evaluated. True False

False

True or false? You cannot use evidence-based practice for completely new problems because there is no evidence on which to draw. True False

False

A civil service organization in Australia considers implementing goal setting—the ability of all employees, managers, and executives to set performance goals that support the common objectives of the organization. One of the departmental heads, however, points out that several high-quality studies have demonstrated that when a complex or novel task is involved, a learning goal (e.g., adopting a specific number of strategies or procedures to perform the task correctly) leads to higher performance than a performance goal (focused on results). How do you judge the generalizability of these studies' findings to the context of an Australian civil service organization? Generalizable Not generalizable I need more information.

Generalizable

Read the following scenario. In 1971, Philip Zimbardo conducted the Stanford prison experiment to examine the psychological effects of becoming a prisoner or a guard. The participants—college students—adapted to their roles well beyond Zimbardo's expectations, as the guards enforced authoritarian measures and ultimately subjected some of the prisoners to psychological torture. Many of the prisoners passively accepted psychological abuse and, at the request of the guards, readily harassed other prisoners who attempted to prevent it. T Which of the following biases may explain why none of the participants and observers protested against the harassment and psychological abuse of the prisoners? Check all that apply. Confirmation bias Group conformity Availability bias Authority bias Overconfidence bias

Group conformity Authority bias

All air traffic control centers around the world record near-misses (when two aircraft have gotten closer than they should have). In 2016, a European center introduced a new traffic control system, and the number of near-misses decreased by 80 percent. At a center in the United States, handling a comparable number of flights, the number of near-misses increased by 20 percent. Is the flight safety in the European center better than in the US center? Yes No They are probably about the same. I need more information.

I need more information.

Read the following scenario. John is interested in the differences between managers and entrepreneurs. After a search in several research databases, he finds a research article called "Differences between Entrepreneurs and Managers in Large Organizations: Biases and Heuristics in Strategic Decision-making." The article contains 28 pages. When he starts reading, he notices the article's introduction and middle section are very lengthy and are dedicated primarily to theory. In addition, the Results section explains the outcome of a structural equation model, a statistical technique that he finds hard to understand. After about 30 minutes, when he is almost at the end of the article, he has lost track of what the authors are saying and stops reading. What is the most disadvantageous mistake John has made?

He should have just read the abstract, the Methods section and the conclusion and 'skimmed' the introduction, the middle section, and outcome/results section rather than read them in detail.

John is interested in the differences between managers and entrepreneurs. After a search in several research databases, he finds a research article called "Differences between Entrepreneurs and Managers in Large Organizations: Biases and Heuristics in Strategic Decision-making." The article contains 28 pages. When he starts reading, he notices the article's introduction and middle section are very lengthy and are dedicated primarily to theory. In addition, the Results section explains the outcome of a structural equation model, a statistical technique that he finds hard to understand. After about 30 minutes, when he is almost at the end of the article, he has lost track of what the authors are saying and stops reading. What are the most disadvantageous mistakes John has made? Check all that apply.

He should have just skimmed the introduction, the middle section, and the Results section rather than read them in detail. The only sections that he should have read in detail are the abstract, the Methods section, and the conclusion.

Based on your analysis so far, how would you consider this design's appropriateness for measuring an effect, impact, or causal relation (in this case, the effect of an ovulating woman's natural scent on a man's testosterone levels)? Click here to use the grading table. High Moderate Limited Low

High

Based on your analysis, how appropriate would you consider this design to be for measuring an effect, impact, or causal relation (in this case, the effect of goal setting on group performance)? Click here to use the grading table. High Moderate Limited Low Very Low

High

How strong/trustworthy would you consider the following evidence? Findings from a survey that assessed the experience of sales managers with a new customer management system implemented a year ago. The survey was completed by 85 percent of the sales managers; more than 90 percent of them responded that the new system helped increase sales. High Moderate Low Very low

High

The findings of the study suggest that there is a positive effect (with a medium to large effect size) of goal setting on group performance. Given the study's design and methodological quality, how would you qualify the trustworthiness of this finding? Click here to use the grading table. High (90%) Moderate (80%) Limited (70%) Low (60%)

High (90%)

You were recently appointed as managing director for a small manufacturing firm. In your first months working there, it became clear to you that the accounting system does not work properly and there is limited insight into the firm's fixed and variable costs, improve the situation and even have a positive impact of at least 5 percent on the firm's profit margin. The refers to a survey published in a popular magazine that suggests that 60 percent of all American companies adopting this costing method indicate that their financial performance has increased by 5 percent or more. The firm's accountant considers the financial director's claim probable, so you set the prior at 60 percent. you set the P(E|Htrue) at 60 percent and the P(E|Hfalse) at 40 percent. you find that the probability that the director's claim is true, given the prior and given the available evidence, is 69 percent.

Higher than 0.80

Are the following four questions and statements adequately formulated? Select Yes or No. How likely are you to go out for dinner and a movie this weekend? --Yes No In the team meetings I attend, risk management is always on the agenda. --Yes No The last team meeting was well attended. --Yes No How would you rate the new procedure that was implemented last month that has dramatically reduced the number of errors? --Yes No

How likely are you to go out for dinner and a movie this weekend? No In the team meetings I attend, risk management is always on the agenda. Yes The last team meeting was well attended. No How would you rate the new procedure that was implemented last month that has dramatically reduced the number of errors? No

1. The number of part-time workers at a small insurance company.

Human Resources

Read the following scenario. A study reports a significantly higher employee performance score in companies that use "empowering people," a new, cutting-edge HR management model. The p-value for the difference in employees' task performance (compared with companies that do not use the model) is 0.003, suggesting that there is only a very small probability of 0.3 percent that this finding is due to chance. Should you implement the model?

I need more information

A study reports a significantly higher employee performance score in companies that use "empowering people," a new, cutting-edge HR management model. The p-value for the difference in employees' task performance (compared with companies that do not use the model) is 0.003, suggesting that there is only a very small probability of 0.3 percent that this finding is due to chance. Should you implement the model? Yes. No. I need more information.

I need more information.

An insurance company that wants to reduce the absenteeism of its back-office staff Routine Nonroutine Novel/hypercomplex

Routine

In order to improve the performance and innovation of its R&D teams, the tech start-up mentioned above decides to increase trust and social cohesion among team members. The company's HR manager suggests implementing team-building activities, which are assumed to have a positive effect on both intra-team trust and social cohesion. The HR manager acknowledges that team-building activities sometimes backfire and lead to distrust and conflicts, but based on the available scientific evidence, he estimates this chance to be about 5 percent. Within a week after the team-building activities start, however, several teams report an increased number of conflicts between members, which negatively affects performance and stifles innovation. The company's CEO considers firing the HR manager—obviously, his risk estimate was inaccurate. Do you agree that the HR manager's risk estimate was inaccurate? Yes No I need more info

I need more information.

At a board meeting of a large British software development firm, the low number of new products and innovations is discussed—after multiple restructurings, the company performs far below the average for its sector. The HR director of the firm explains to his colleagues that companies with a more ethnically diverse workforce tend to perform better. He points out that the company's software design teams tend to be dominated by white, 25-year-old men with degrees from MIT. The CEO, however, thinks that diverse teams tend to have more communication problems and task conflicts and therefore prefers to maintain the status quo. In this scenario, what are the TWO most important PICOC terms to use in a search for empirical studies?

I: Ethnic diversity O: New products/innovation

Have a look at the screenshot below. A researcher has combined multiple searches with the term ethnic diversity and two related terms. This person combined the outcome with OR and then applied the filter to identify the meta-analyses and/or systematic reviews. As you can see, the final result is 4. However, it is likely that some relevant meta-analyses were missed. Why?

In S1, S2, and S3, the person should have used OR instead of AND.

Have a look at the screenshot below. A researcher has combined multiple searches with the term ethnic diversity and two related terms. As you can see, the combined outcome yields 1,526 peer-reviewed articles. Because the researcher is interested in whether ethnic diversity has a positive effect on the performance of engineering terms, he or she has added the PICOC term engineer. As you can see, the number of results has increased from 1,526 to 55,224 results. What went wrong?

In S6, the person should have used AND instead of OR.

Your CEO is very enthusiastic about a new, revolutionary model developed by Google to stimulate employees' creativity and considers implementing it in the org (an international bank). paying a visit to Google's headquarters in California to see if this new model is indeed as successful as claimed. if your CEO were to visit Google, she might hear only success stories that will confirm her prior (positive) beliefs regarding the model. What would be the best advice you could give your CEO to prevent confirmation bias? Cancel the visit and instead invite people from Google to give a presentation. Write down in advance many critical questions that should be asked during the visit. In addition to visiting Google, visit a company where the implementation of the model has not led to greater creativity.

In addition to visiting Google, visit a company where the implementation of the model has not led to greater creativity.

Research Proof That Optimizing Organization Design Improves Performance Optimizing Organization Design® is our approach to improving organization performance. The proof that our approach works is evident in 24 research studies completed over the past 25 years and our client experience across more than 100 large-scale projects. Is the use of the term proof in this claim correct or incorrect? Correct, because the claim is based on a large number of scientific studies. Incorrect, because although the claim is based on a large number of scientific studies, the word proof should be avoided.

Incorrect, because although the claim is based on a large number of scientific studies, the word proof should be avoided.

Read the following scenario and determine the PICOC terms: The organizational data of a German pharmaceutical company indicate that the firm's overall productivity is below the average in the sector. The HR director suggests conducting an employee engagement survey, arguing that a company's productivity is dependent on the collective performance of its employees. According to Gallup engagement is the most important driver of performance by employees. The outcome of the survey shows that the company's engagement score is below Gallup's Global Employee Engagement Benchmark. structured interviews with employees are conducted to identify factors that negatively affect their engagement. what is the intervention of interest? Conducting an employee engagement survey Techniques for increasing employee performance Increasing the company's overall productivity Increasing employee engagement

Increasing employee engagement

Indirect Stakeholders

2. A list with codes and definitions used to categorize the reason why the production process of a beer bottling plant was stopped. Data Information Evidence

Information

For each item, determine whether it concerns data, information, or evidence. 1. The number 12, representing the times that a beer bottling plant had to stop the production process because of human error incidents -Data Information Evidence

Information

Why do we need evidence-based practice? Check all that apply. Most practitioners prefer to base their decisions solely on personal experience, which is not a very strong/reliable source of evidence. Through benchmarking and so-called best practices, practitioners sometimes copy what other organizations are doing without critically evaluating whether these practices actually work and, if they do, whether they also are likely to work in a different context. What practitioners think is effective and what the current scientific research shows really differ.

Most practitioners prefer to base their decisions solely on personal experience, which is not a very strong/reliable source of evidence. Through benchmarking and so-called best practices, practitioners sometimes copy what other organizations are doing without critically evaluating whether these practices actually work and, if they do, whether they also are likely to work in a different context. What practitioners think is effective and what the current scientific research shows really differ.

Consumer Affairs: The article discusses various reasons why women especially may suffer from "compulsive buying" and, as a result, overuse their credit cards. A recent study published in the Journal of Accounting, Finance & Management Strategy suggests that women who have a high interest in fashion are more likely to overuse their credit cards. Was the sample large enough? (Use the rules of thumb below as a guideline.) Yes/No

In 2018 athletic shoe manufacturer Nike decided to select controversial American football player Colin Kaepernick as the face of its new global advertising "Just Do it Campaign." The company even decided to give Kaepernick his own branded line of shoes. Kaepernick had not played in America's National Football League (NFL) since 2016. Kaepernick claims the NFL blacklisted him for protesting in 2016. Kaepernick, who is black like most NFL players, protested against police killings of African-American men by kneeling during the national anthem. Which two of the following stakeholders could affect this decision? Nike's shareholders Nike's employees Nike's suppliers Nike's customers The US Federal Communications Commission

Nike's shareholders Nike's customers

2. The performance of new teams

According to a famous Harvard Business School professor, 70 percent of all organizational change interventions fail. Would you regard this as evidence? Yes No

In 2017, Delta Airlines had more than 180 million passengers. The company's organizational data indicate a small increase in financial compensation to customers due to delayed flights in 2017 compared to 2016. In 2016, the airline paid a total compensation of $1.7 million; in 2017, this amount was $1.8 million. Would you consider this a big number?

In January 2010, the following article was originally published on the website of Science Daily: The source of this article was a study with the same title that was published in Psychological Science in 2010. This study shows that men who smelled the shirts of ovulating women subsequently had higher levels of testosterone than men who smelled shirts worn by non-ovulating women. Does the study mainly examine the results of a large number of studies published on the same topic? Yes No

In January 2010, the following article was originally published on the website of Science Daily: The source of this article was a study with the same title that was published in Psychological Science in 2010. This study shows that men who smelled the shirts of ovulating women subsequently had higher levels of testosterone than men who smelled shirts worn by non-ovulating women. Were all the data collected (or variables measured) at the same time? Yes No

In October 2013, the following article was published in the magazine Consumer Affairs: The article discusses various reasons why women especially may suffer from "compulsive buying" and, as a result, overuse their credit cards. A recent study published in the Journal of Accounting, Finance & Management Strategy suggests that women who have a high interest in fashion are more likely to overuse their credit cards. Does the study mainly examine the results of a large number of studies published on the same topic? Yes No

Read the scenario below. A tech start-up in Silicon Valley (California, USA) wants to improve the performance of its engineers and software and R&D teams. The HR director suggests increasing employee engagement because the findings of a new Harvard Business Review Analytic Services report of more than 550 tech company executives indicate that three-quarters of those surveyed said that most employees in their organizations are not highly engaged. When you consult the research literature you find several studies that suggest the correlation between employee engagement and performance is between 0.12 and 0.26. In addition, you find a recent systematic review of studies on drivers of knowledge work performance. The study included a table (shown below) listing factors and their correlation with performance. Would you recommend increasing the company's employee engagement? Yes No I need more information.

Riverview Healthcare's executives conclude that the evidence supports their hypothesis: the hospital will score poorly on the new performance metrics because many of Riverview's physicians lack a patient-centered focus, which is partly due to the current compensation system. They propose a new compensation plan that provides a strong financial incentive to prioritize quality over quantity of care. The new plan would include a variable bonus tied to the physicians' group performance on the new metrics. The executives expect that the new compensation plan will shift physicians' mindset and priorities to be more in line with a patient-centered view of health care and thereby improve the hospital's score on the new metrics. The costs for the new plan are expected to be budget-neutral, but a one-time investment of $4.5 is needed to make changes in the hospital's IT system. Were multiple options considered? Y

The average performance of all teams

Search in Business Source Elite for peer-reviewed articles with the search terms ethnic diversity, cultural diversity, racial diversity, or team diversity in the title or abstract, then use the history function to combine the outcome with OR.Limit the results to studies published from 2000 to 2010 by adjusting date slider Next, apply the filter below to identify meta-analyses and/or systematic reviews. Click here to open Business Source Elite.

No I don't know Impact of highly and less job-related diversity on work group cohesion and performance: A meta-analysis Yes I don't know Unraveling the effects of cultural diversity in teams: A meta-analysis of research on multicultural work groups No I don't know Deep-level composition variables as predictors of team performance: A meta-analysis No I don't know Team-level predictors of innovation at work: A comprehensive meta-analysis spanning three decades of research Yes I don't know The effects of team diversity on team outcomes: A meta-analytic review of

Browse the thesaurus of the database Business Source Elite with the term diversity and determine which of the following terms are related academic terms. Select Yes or No. Click here to open Business Source Elite. --No Yes Pluralism --Yes No Heterogeneity --Yes No Diversity in the workplace --Yes No Diversification

No Pluralism No Heterogeneity Yes Diversity in the workplace No Diversification

No unclear

An international hotel chain closely monitors the customer satisfaction score (CSAT) of its 278 hotels and resorts worldwide. In the last two months, the CSAT of three hotels in Italy dramatically dropped a half point: from 8.3 to 7.8. The CSAT is an average (mean) based on a representative sample of the hotels' customers. For this reason, it is accompanied by a confidence interval: CI 95% = (8.6 - 7.3). Based on these data, would you consider taking further action in order to increase the hotels' CSAT scores? Yes, because the confidence interval is sufficiently narrow. Yes, because an increase of 0.5 is substantial No, because the sample may not be representative. No, because boths scores lie within the confidence interval.

No, because boths scores lie within the confidence interval.

In the second scenario of the previous question, the manager of the call center decides to disregard the call center agents' subjective feelings and perceptions regarding their new supervisor and to introduce the new performance management system. When asked about the rationale for her decision she states "I am an evidence based manager, so I make decisons based on objectifiable facts, not subjective feelings and emotions". Do you agree that the manager should disregard the stakeholders' subjective feelings and emotions? Check all that apply.

No, because even though stakeholders' feelings and perceptions are highly subjective and maybe even irrational, it has an actual impact on them. No, because the stakeholders may affect the outcome of the manager's decions.

A German tech company specializing in the development of wind turbines considers implementing a new production method to increase productivity. It is expected that the new method will lead to a cheaper and faster manufacturing process, which will result in a significant productivity increase and an annual revenue growth of $1.5 million. According to the company's chief operating officer, there is a 70 percent chance that the new method will indeed boost productivity. Would you recommend that the company implement the new method? Yes, because the expected value is $1.5 million. Yes, because a risk of 30 percent is acceptable. No, because the expected value is too low. I need more information

No, because the expected value is too low.

A young entrepreneur presents his business plan for an IT start-up to a group of early-stage investors: people who provide funding for start-up businesses still in the development stage. The investors, mostly former investment bankers or venture capitalists with relevant experience in a range of industries, get very excited about the business plan. Do you agree with this estimate? Yes, because investors should be able to identify a good business plan (it's their job). Yes. The investors have relevant experience in a wide range of industries, so they should be able to determine whether a start-up is likely to be successful. No, because the prior probability that an IT start-up will survive the first five years is less than 10 percent - you can check this for yourself on Google No. There is no evidence available that supports or contradicts the investors' estimate, so the probability should be estimated at 50/

No, because the prior probability that an IT start-up will survive the first five years is less than 10 percent - you can check this for yourself on Google

An international food retailer considers launching a new type of business: high-end grocery stores stocking the freshest organic health foods and a wide selection of prepared food The company's marketing director suggests that these stores should be located in high-income areas, because empirical indicates there is a correlation between income and food expenditure. When the company's data analysts analyze the organizational data, they indeed find a statistically significant correlation: r = 0.23. Given this correlation, would you support the marketing directors' recommendation? No, because the r-squared indicates only 5 percent of the variation (increase or decrease) in food expenditure can be explained by people's income. Yes, because the correlation is statistically significant. No, because the correlation may be nonexistent. No, because the r-squared indicates the recommendation is supported by the data.

No, because the r-squared indicates only 5 percent of the variation (increase or decrease) in food expenditure can be explained by people's income.

The executive board of a global management consulting firm wants to know the secret of high-performance organizations. The firm's senior researchers therefore decide a survey questionnaire that identifies factors that determine the success of HPOs. The survey is sent to the CEOs of 25 public companies across a range of industries in Canada, United Kingdom, 1. Management focuses on achieving results. 2. Management is decisive with regard to nonperformers. 3. Management allows making mistakes. 4. Management has been with the company for a long time. 5. New management is promoted from within the organization. 6. In the organization, processes are continuously improved. 7. In the organization, everything that matters to performance is explicitly reported. 8. Management always holds its organization members responsible for their results. Does this research meet the standards of good science? Select all that apply.

No, because the researchers did not submit their research to peer review.

Many organizations thank and encourage employees by handing out Christmas hampers as a year-end bonus. The chief executive officer of a large Australian civil service organization, however, issues a directive to all department directors, asking them to "stop using public resources for Christmas gifts." The CEO's decision is motivated by the pressure on the organization's finances, which has led to a huge budget deficit, so the organization is forced to cut back on nonpriority expenses. Do you agree that a cost reduction of $10 million is a sufficient justification for the decision? Check all that apply. Yes, because it signals to employees that the financial situation is dire. No, because there may be a negative impact on employee turnover. Yes, because the organization faces a huge budget deficit that needs to be reduced. No, because there may be a negative impact on employee performance

No, because there may be a negative impact on employee turnover. No, because there may be a negative impact on employee performance

A large international brewery produces beer that is sold in 178 countries around the world. The beer is brewed in 27 breweries on five continents and is then transported to more than 1,500 distribution stations. In these stations, the beer gets bottled or canned and is then distributed to the wholesalers in the country. The company has noticed that in the past four years, the number of breakdowns and stops in the bottling/canning process in the distribution stations has increased from two to five per week. Was the outcome of the decision/intervention assessed according to the gold standard. Check all that apply. No, because there was no control group. Yes, the assessment was conducted according to the gold standard. No, because there was no random assignment. No, because there was no baseline measure.

No, because there was no random assignment.

In general, mergers do not lead to a substantial increase of firm performance. Yes, there is a moderator. No, there is no moderator.

No, there is no moderator.

Based on your analysis, how appropriate would you consider this design to be for measuring an effect, impact, or causal relation (in this case, the effect of goal setting on group performance)? Was the methodological quality of each study assessed? Yes No/unclear

No/unclear

A hotel chain that wants to introduce learning goals for new, inexperienced staff --Routine Non-routine Novel/hyper-complex

Non-routine

A manufacturing company that wants to introduce self-managed teams Routine Non-routine Novel/hyper-complex

Non-routine

Motivation has a small to moderate effect on sales performance. Actionable Not actionable

Not actionable

Information from the industry body and the national census bureau confirms there is indeed a serious problem: in the last quarter the company's number of sales has decreased by 20 percent relative to its competitors. As a result, the company's market share has decreased too. Thus, next step would be to identify the possible cause(s) of this problem. As mentioned, the head of marketing thinks the prices of the luxury cars should be lowered, whereas the head of sales thinks that sales numbers will increase after sending young, inexperienced sales agents to a sales training course. Finally, the Chief Operation Officer suggests first the implementation problems of the new production process should be solved. Based on this information, what evidence from the organization would you collect next?

Nothing, I first need more information.

A retail bank that wants to be the first bank that uses artificial intelligence to improve the compliance to ethical standards --Routine Non-routine Novel/hyper-complex

Novel/hyper-complex

Read the two scenarios and determine whether it concerns big data. Scenario 1 A British political consulting firm collects consumer data for use in election campaigns around the world. The company routinely collects the data of 220 million US citizens who are eligible to vote and claims it has more than 5,000 unique data-points per person. These data-points include static information such as demographics s. Scenario 2 The integrated database of a British airline company contains the records of more than 80 million customers. The database not only contains customers' contact details (name, address, phone number, email address, etc.), demographic information (age, gender, country of birth), but also information such as travel history

Only scenario 1 can be considered an example of big data

Consider the following two scenarios Scenario 1 The CEO of a small Swedish knife factory notices that the number of manufacturing errors has increased with 15 percent over the past 2 years. After a thorough analysis it was found that the most common error is excessive grain growth due to too high forging heat. The manager thinks this is a technical issue, most likely due to a dysfunctional heat treat oven: the oven's temperature should be between 1475-1500°F, but the analysis has shown that sometimes the temperature is above 1600°F. Scenario 2 The manager of a call center notices that the center's performance has dropped in the past 6 months. All key performance indicators, such as average speed to answer, average call duration, and average abandonment rate, have dropped. To increase performance, she decides to introduce a new performance management system that closely monitors the center's kpi's and provides direc

Only scenario 2 concerns stakeholder evidence

The new CEO of a large mental healthcare organization with 26 locations announces that his strategy for the next four years will be to make the transition to e-health. According to the CEO, the medical treatment of most mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, and personality disorders don't require in-person sessions, so online therapy is a quicker, better, and - most important - cheaper solution. What could be a potential barrier to acquiring this organizational evidence? Costs versus benefits Accessibility Data protection and privacy regulations Organizational politics

Organizational politics

Read the following claim and identify the underlying (hidden) assumption. Select the best answer. Companies like Google have used the Agile methodology in the past but found it to be ineffective, so I don't think we should introduce this methodology in our company. The Agile methodology is not effective. Google has used the Agile methodology in the past. A company does not need to use the Agile methodology to be successful. Our company is comparable to companies like Google.

Our company is comparable to companies like Google.

A new study suggests that most golfers overstate how far they can hit the ball. Forty percent think they can hit the ball much farther than they are able to. Which of the following biases most likely influences the golfers' judgment? Patternicity/illusion of causality Confirmation bias Group conformity Availability bias Authority bias Outcome bias Overconfidence bias

Overconfidence bias

You are working as a manager at a large Italian IT firm. The productivity of the engineers is far below average for the sector. The HR director tells you that he thinks the most likely cause is lack of teamwork: it is well known that engineers in general lack social skills, and as a result don't share task-relevant knowledge among one another that is necessary to solve practical problems and improve performance. What is your estimate of the probability that the HR director's claim is true, given the available evidence? P(Htrue|E) > 0.50: The probability that this claim is true, given the available evidence, is higher than 50 percent. P(Htrue|E) = 0.50: The probability that this claim is true, given the available evidence, is 50 percent. P(Htrue|E) < 0.50 The probability that this claim is true, given the available evidence, is lower than 50 percent.

P(Htrue|E) = 0.50: The probability that this claim is true, given the available evidence, is 50 percent.

Consider the following claim. You are working as a manager at a large Italian IT firm. The productivity of the engineers is far below average for the sector. The chief operating officer tells you the organizational data show that the engineers' productivity varies widely per team. In fact, analysis shows that teams with a large number of senior and experienced engineers are twice as productive as teams with a large number of young and inexperienced engineers. What is your estimate of the probability that this claim (advice) is true, given the available evidence? P(Htrue|E) > 0.50: The probability that this claim is true, given the available evidence, is higher than 50 percent. P(Htrue|E) = 0.50: The probability that this claim is true, given the available evidence, is 50 percent. P(Htrue|E) < 0.50: The probability that this claim is true, given the available evidence, is lower than 50 percent.

P(Htrue|E) > 0.50: The probability that this claim is true, given the available evidence, is higher than 50 percent.

As described in the introduction of this module, physicians for decades falsely believed that a stomach ulcer was caused by lifestyle factors, such as severe stress, because they noticed that people with a lot of occupational or personal stress were more likely to develop a stomach ulcer. Which of the following biases influenced the physicians' judgment? Patternicity/illusion of causality Confirmation bias Group conformity Availability bias Authority bias Outcome bias Overconfidence bias

Patternicity/illusion of causality

The Chief Nursing Officer of a large Canadian hospital that has around 15,000 employees, notices that an increasing number of nurses suffer from burnout. Given the impact of burnout on nurse absenteeism and the quality of care, she decides to consult the new hospital's integrated information system to get a better idea of the seriousness of this problem. In particular, she wants to know how many nurses have been absent from work in the past year due to burnout, and whether this number has increased. What would be the source that MOST likely would have information on the number of nurses that were absent due to burnout? Physical records Staff Professional associations, unions, and census bureaus Social media

Professional associations, unions, and census bureaus

The average number of medical errors per month in a large university hospital

Quality & safety

At a board meeting of a German engineering company that recently was forced to adopt tough austerity measures, the high level of workplace stress that many senior engineers experience is discussed. The HR director suggests allowing the engineers to bring their dogs to work, because this is believed to have a positive effect on workplace stress. The CEO, however, thinks that this is nonsense and wants to maintain the status quo unless there is evidence from the scientific literature that supports this belief. O: What is the outcome of interest? Increased productivity Reduced workplace stress Improved performance Increased job satisfaction

Reduced workplace stress

Read the following four statements regarding peer-reviewed journals. Check all that apply. Research articles published in peer-reviewed journals are evaluated and critiqued by independent, anonymous scientists in the same field. The process of peer review ensures that a research article is valid and reliable. A research article published in a peer-reviewed journal with a high impact factor does not need to be critically appraised. Peer review gives you some guarantee that a research article is not seriously flawed.

Research articles published in peer-reviewed journals are evaluated and critiqued by independent, anonymous scientists in the same field. Peer review gives you some guarantee that a research article is not seriously flawed.

A travel agency that wants to develop a new policy for handling customer complaints Novel/hyper-complex Non-routine Routine

Routine

A Canadian trucking company has 62 locations in the provinces Alberta, Ontario, Quebec, and British Columbia. Each location has its own clients (e.g., manufacturers or distributors) and operates relatively independently of the others. Nevertheless, there are many similarities among the 62 locations in terms of the equipment and technology used, employee profiles, and business processes What could be two reasons that the operational costs in these 5 locations did not change?. The five locations may have insufficient financial or human resources to (completely) implement just-in-time delivery. Just-in-time delivery may have no or little impact on operational costs. This could just be coincidence. The managers of the five locations who are supposed to implement the new strategy may lack the necessary skills to do so.

The five locations may have insufficient financial or human resources to (completely) implement just-in-time delivery. The managers of the five locations who are supposed to implement the new strategy may lack the necessary skills to do so.

Health managers of a large hospital chain in the United Kingdom have been ordered by the board to draw up strategies setting out how they will reduce costs and improve care in the wake of a £200 million deficit. Several managers float the possibility of closing the emergency departments at the smaller hospitals because these departments incur some of the largest costs. Which three external stakeholder groups may be negatively affected by the decision to close the emergency department? The hospital suppliers The neighboring hospitals The local community The ambulance services providers The health-insurance companies

The neighboring hospitals The local community The ambulance services providers

Read the following scenario. Health managers of a large hospital chain in the United Kingdom have been ordered by the board to draw up strategies setting out how they will reduce costs and improve care in the wake of a £200 million deficit. Several managers float the possibility of closing the emergency departments at the smaller hospitals because these departments incur some of the largest costs. Which three external stakeholder groups may be negatively affected by the decision to close the emergency department? The local community The neighboring hospitals The ambulance services providers The health-insurance companies The hospital suppliers

The neighboring hospitals The local community The ambulance services providers

The CEO of a mid-sized company that offers customer service centers notices that in the past 6 months the company's client satisfaction score has dropped from 7.6 to 6.2. When the CEO discusses this disturbing decrease with four experienced call center agents they state that many of their colleagues feel that their supervisors display abusive and/or uncivilized behavior. The CEO is quite shocked by this revelation, and decides to run focus groups to gather more evidence Which of the following might negatively affect the trustworthiness of the outcome of the focus groups? The CEO's decision to run focus groups based on an (unfounded) assertion of a very small sample of agents. The presence of the supervisors behind the one-way mirror The focus groups being led by an external moderator The size of the focus group: 10 participants

The presence of the supervisors behind the one-way mirror

A company wants to measure the financial performance of its sales agents on a monthly basis. Rank order the four measurement methods based on the chance of measurement error (the most precise method on top). idek

The sales agents log each sale into the company's management information system within one day after the sale was made. At the end of the month, the system reports the total number of sales. At the end of the month, the system reports the total number of purchasing agreements signed by the customers of each sales agent. At the end of the month, the system reports the total number of invoices paid by the customers of each sales agent. At the end of the month, the sales agents report their number of sales to their manager, and the sales manager enters this number into the system.

The following question is not adequately formulated. Select the most important shortcoming. How satisfied are you with the pay and work benefits of your current job? The question contains vague and ambiguous terms. This is a double-negative question. The question may lead to social desirability bias. This is a double-barreled question.

This is a double-barreled question.

Which of the following may be a reason the question below is not adequately formulated? Check all that apply. Does it seem possible or does it seem impossible to you that the new code of conduct has led to more unethical behavior and fraud rather than less? This is a double-barreled question. The question contains vague and confusing terms. The question may lead to social desirability bias. The question contains leading and emotional language.

This is a double-barreled question. The question contains vague and confusing terms.

The following question is not adequately formulated. Select the most important shortcoming. Do you oppose not being allowed to use your work laptop to watch movies at home? This is a double-negative question. The question may lead to social desirability bias. The question contains vague and ambiguous terms. This is a double-barreled question.

This is a double-negative question.

In the example above, the data analysts point out that the goodness of fit (multiple R2) is 0.74. What does this mean? This means that a customer's level of income predicts 74 percent of his or her increase (or decrease) of monthly food expenditure. This means that a customer's level of income predicts only 7.4 percent of his or her increase (or decrease) of monthly food expenditure. This means that the claim that level of income predicts food expenditure is not supported by the outcome of the regression.

This means that a customer's level of income predicts 74 percent of his or her increase (or decrease) of monthly food expenditure.

In the scenario above, the data analysts decide to regress level of income (predictor metric) on monthly food expenditure (expressed in units of $10). The analysts find a regression coefficient of b = 8.7. What does this mean? This means that the income does not predict food expenditure. This means that for every (one) greater unit of income, on average $87 more per month is spent on food. This means that for every (one) greater unit of income, on average $8.7 per month more is spent on food. This means that it remains unclear whether income predicts food expenditure. I don't know

This means that for every (one) greater unit of income, on average $87 more per month is spent on food.

Riverview Healthcare's executives agree on the following problem description and related assumptions: (1) The new metrics required by the federal government are intended to improve quality of care; it shifts reimbursement for patients from quantity (services provided) to quality (clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction, etc.). (2) Riverview's physicians are focused on quantity rather than quality, and their treatment plans are not patient-centered. (3) As a result, Riverview will score poorly on the new metrics. (4) As a result, the federal government will pay Riverview a lower compensation for the care provided. (5) In the long term, this may lead to a serious loss of revenue and possible bankruptcy. Does the evidence from practitioners support the assumed problem? To a great extent Somewhat. Very little Not at all

To a great extent

Riverview Healthcare's executives agree on the following problem description and related assumptions: (1) The new metrics required by the federal government are intended to improve quality of care; it shifts reimbursement for patients from quantity (services provided) to quality (clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction, etc.). (2) Riverview's physicians are focused on quantity rather than quality, and their treatment plans are not patient-centered. (3) As a result, Riverview will score poorly on the new metrics. (4) As a result, the federal government will pay Riverview a lower compensation for the care provided. (5) In the long term, this may lead to a serious loss of revenue and possible bankruptcy. In the scenario we used above (question 9), does the evidence from relevant stakeholders support the assumed problem? To a great extent Somewhat Very little Not at all

To a great extent

Riverview Healthcare's executives agree on the following problem description and related assumptions: (1) The new metrics required by the federal government are intended to improve quality of care; it shifts reimbursement for patients from quantity (services provided) to quality (clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction, etc.). (2) Riverview's physicians are focused on quantity rather than quality, and their treatment plans are not patient-centered. (3) As a result, Riverview will score poorly on the new metrics. (4) As a result, the federal government will pay Riverview a lower compensation for the care provided. (5) In the long term, this may lead to a serious loss of revenue and possible bankruptcy. In the scenario we used above (question 9), does the evidence from the organization support the assumed problem? To a great extent Somewhat Very little Not at all

To a great extent

Riverview Healthcare's executives decide to see whether there is evidence to support the preferred solution: implementing a new compensation system that provides a strong financial incentive to prioritize quality over quantity of care and that includes a variable bonus tied to the physicians' group performance on the new metrics. Again, they hold several focus groups with managers, team leaders, and nurses. Most participants state that their experience is that, in general, most physicians are sensitive to financial bonuses and are gladly willing to change their focus and behavior if it yields more money. They therefore expect the new compensation system to shift physicians' mindset and priorities to be more patient-centered. In the scenario we used above (question 17), does the evidence from relevant stakeholders support the preferred solution? To a great extent Somewhat Very little Not at all

To a great extent

Riverview Healthcare's executives decide to see whether there is evidence to support the preferred solution: implementing a new compensation system that provides a strong financial incentive to prioritize quality over quantity of care and that includes a variable bonus tied to the physicians' group performance on the new metrics. Again, they hold several focus groups with managers, team leaders, and nurses. Most participants state that their experience is that, in general, most physicians are sensitive to financial bonuses and are gladly willing to change their focus and behavior if it yields more money. They therefore expect the new compensation system to shift physicians' mindset and priorities to be more patient-centered. In the scenario we used above (question 17), does the evidence from the scientific literature support the preferred solution? To a great extent Somewhat Very little Not at all

To a great extent

True or false? Most experts are not a very reliable source of evidence. True False

True

True or false? Not all evidence is of the same quality/strength True False

True

Riverview Healthcare's executives agree on the following problem description and related assumptions: (1) The new metrics required by the federal government are intended to improve quality of care; it shifts reimbursement for patients from quantity (services provided) to quality (clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction, etc.). (2) Riverview's physicians are focused on quantity rather than quality, and their treatment plans are not patient-centered. (3) As a result, Riverview will score poorly on the new metrics. (4) As a result, the federal government will pay Riverview a lower compensation for the care provided. (5) In the long term, this may lead to a serious loss of revenue and possible bankruptcy. In the scenario we used above (question 9), does the evidence from the scientific literature support the assumed problem? To a great extent Somewhat Very little Not at all Unclear

Unclear

Riverview Healthcare's executives decide to see whether there is evidence to support the preferred solution: implementing a new compensation system that provides a strong financial incentive to prioritize quality over quantity of care and that includes a variable bonus tied to the physicians' group performance on the new metrics. Again, they hold several focus groups with managers, team leaders, and nurses. Most participants state that their experience is that, in general, most physicians are sensitive to financial bonuses and are gladly willing to change their focus and behavior if it yields more money. They therefore expect the new compensation system to shift physicians' mindset and priorities to be more patient-centered. In the scenario we used above (question 17), can the kind of organizational data currently gathered be used to monitor the future effectiveness of the preferred solution? Yes No Unclear

Unclear

Very clear

If you had to compose a team that would advise you in important decisions, what factors would you consider? Select Yes or No. --No Yes The composition of the team (age, social background, area of expertise) --No Yes An explicit decision-making process --No Yes Making sure the people on the team get along with each other --No Yes Appointing a devil's advocate --No Yes Setting up a procedure to prevent task conflicts --No Yes Setting up a second team to work on the same problem --No Yes Assigning a group leader who is responsible for the ultimate decision

Yes The composition of the team (age, social background, area of expertise) Yes An explicit decision-making process No Making sure the people on the team get along with each other Yes Appointing a devil's advocate No Setting up a procedure to prevent task conflicts Yes Setting up a second team to work on the same problem No Assigning a group leader who is responsible for the ultimate decision

Search Inside Yourself (SIY) is a mindfulness program that was developed by Google. It consists of an interactive two-day program followed by four weeks of daily 30-minute online sessions. In the past years, more than 200 companies in 20 countries have offered the program to their employees. The program claims that it reduces stress, improves focus, raises performance, and improves interpersonal relationships. Could the outcome of the study be affected due to the placebo effect? Why or why not?

Yes, because there is no comparison with a random sample of employees who did something relaxing for 30 minutes (e.g., listened to music, took a stroll).

We identified seven companies that had implemented flexible working hours in the past year. To understand employees' satisfaction with the new working hours, a survey questionnaire was administered on a random selected Monday to the first 100 employees that start their working day, making a total sample size of 700. The questions in the survey were derived from the ESM-12, a validated 12-item employee satisfaction questionnaire, and were answered anonymously. It was found that 83 percent of the employees are satisfied to very satisfied with the flexible working hours and 63 percent reported that the flexible working hours had substantially improved their work-life balance. Could there be methodological bias that may have affected the results? Yes, selection bias. Yes, social desirability bias. Yes, halo effect. No, there is no clear indication of methodological bias

Yes, selection bias

This study examined the magnitude of teacher effects on MBA student achievement. We used longitudinal data from 3,651 MBA students from business schools across the United States who took the the Major Field Test for Master of Business Administration (MFT-MBA), a national standardized exam administered in the United States at the end of MBA programs. After controlling for intra-classroom heterogeneity, student-teacher interaction, and class size, it was found that teacher effects are the dominant factors affecting students' MFT-MBA scores. Thus, a major conclusion is that teachers make a difference. Do you agree that teachers are the dominant factor affecting students' achievement scores? Yes, the findings are clear. No, the findings are inconclusive. No, the findings may be biased. I can't tell, I need more information

Yes, the findings are clear.

Cultural differences between the merging firms is negatively correlated with firm performance. Yes, there is a moderator .No, there is no moderator.

Yes, there is a moderator

The turnover of top managers after a merger is negatively correlated with firm performance. Yes, there is a moderator. No, there is no moderator.

MGT 357

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